PREVALENSI DAN KARAKTERISTIK SUPERNUMERARY TEETH PADA

ANAK USIA 13-15 TAHUN DI MAKASSAR

(THE PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERNUMERARY
TEETH FOR CHILDREN OF 13-15 YEARS OLD IN MAKASSAR)
Asmawati
1
,Bahruddin Thalib
2
,

Nurul Mutmainnah
3


1
Bagian Oral Biologi FKG-Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia
2
Bagian Prostodonsia FKG- Universitas hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia
3
Mahasiswi kepaniteraa. FKG-Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Introduce : Supernumerary Teeth of an difference in the form of increasing the amount of
gear teeth of the normal amount more than twenty in the decidui dentition or thirty two in the
permanent dentition. Objective: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the
prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth for children of 13-15 years old in
Makassar. Methods: A descriptive study including prevalence and characteristics of
supernumerary teeth for children of 13-15 years old who they present in diagnostic to
fourteen Junior High School Student in Makassar. A cross-sectional study with by using
multistage random sampling method. Results: The research result appears that 24
supernumerary teeth, which yields a prevalence of 0,6%. The prevalence among male was
higher than among female, (M:F of 2,1:1). The greatest proportion of supernumerary teeth
was found in the maxillary anterior region. Of these, single supernumerary teeth was seen in
90,9% and Multiple Supernumerary is 9,1%. Prevalence characteristics sample based on
their site of supernumerary teeth with mesiodens (58,3%), lateral incisor (41,7%). Of the 24
supernumerary teeth, 93,8% erupted and 4,2% partial erupted. Prevalence characteristics
sample based on their morphology, conical (83,4%), tubercular (8,3%), supplementale
(8,3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth for children of 13-15 years old
in Makassar was found to be 0,6% with incidence in supernumerary teeth is higher among
male (ratio M:F of 2,1:1) they are most frequently located in the maxilla. Most cases
presented only single supernumerary (90,9%) and in multiple cases, the mesiodens region is
predominant. The conical shape is the commonest morphology (83,4%).

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Supernumerary Teeth atau gigi lebih merupakan suatu kelainan jumlah gigi
berupa bertambahnya gigi dari jumlah normalnya yaitu lebih dari dua puluh pada gigi sulung
atau lebih dari tiga puluh dua pada gigi permanen dan dapat ditemukan disemua bagian
lengkung gigi. Tujuan: Untuk mendeskripsikan prevalensi dan karakteristik suprnumerary
teeth pada anak usia 13-15 tahun di Makassar. Metode: Penelitian deskriftif dilakukan
melibatkan semua anak usia 13-15 tahun di Makassar yang hadir saat pemeriksaan yang
dilakukan di 14 sekolah menengah pertama di Makassar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan menggunakan metode multistage
random sampling. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan 24 supernumerary teeth yang
menghasilkan prevalensi 0,6%. Prevalensi diantara laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan
perempuan dengan rasio perbandingan 2,1:1. Proporsi terbesar adanya supernumerary teeth
ditemukan di daerah anterior maxillary. Dari jumlah tersebut, Single supernumerary
90,9% dan yang memiliki Multiple supernumerary 9,1%. Prevalensi karakteristik sampel
berdasarkan lokasi adanya supernumerary teeth dengan jenis mesiodens 58,3% dan jenis
lateral 41,7%. Dari 24 supernumerary teeth, 93,8% yang erupsi sempurna dan partial erupsi
4,2%. Prevalensi karakteristik sampel berdasarkan keadaan morfologi, bentuk morfologi
conical 83,4 % , tubercular 8,3% dan supplementale 8,3%. Simpulan: Prevalensi
supernumerary teeth pada anak usia 13-15 tahun di Makassar sebanyak 0,6% dengan
supernumerary teeth lebih banyak pada laki-laki (rasio L:P yaitu 2,1:1) semua terdapat pada
maksilla. Kebanyakan kasus ditemukan Single Supernumerary Teeth (90,9%) dan pada
beberapa kasus merupakan mesiodens. Bentuk morfologi conical paling banyak (83,4%).
Key words: Supernumerary Teeth, the children of 13-15 years old.

INTRODUCTION
In the world of dentistry is often found abnormalities of the teeth in the oral. Abnormalities of
the teeth due to the growth disorder that will affect the structure of the teeth in the oral, not all
of these disorders result in diversity of forms on the teeth and bones. Abnormalities in the
growth process are often called anomalies. One of many such disorders is the presence of
supernumerary teeth or teeth that exceeds the amount of the normal amount.
Supernumerary teeth or teeth be an abnormality in the form of increasing the amount of gear
teeth of the normal amount and can be found in all parts of the dental arch. Etiologically, the
occurrence of supernumerary teeth has not been yet completely determined. In attempts to
explain the condition several theories have been proposed including the phylogenetic theory,
the dichotomy theory (splitting of the tooth germ), the hyperactivity theory (hyperactive
dental lamina), the teeth have cleavage on the stage of bud stage, and because of the
combined effects of genetics and environment as a tendency presence of supernumerary
teeth.
(1.2)

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in permanent teeth has been done in several studies
varies from 0.45% to 4.5%.In Ireland the level varies between 2.2% and 3, 7%.The
occurrence supernumerary teeth is 0.2% -3.5% and is more often found in the permanent
teeth of the deciduous teeth. Frequency occurred over the period of tooth primary teeth was
0.06% -0.8 %.
(1.3)

Research conducted by JK Dash Supernumerary Teeth study in India showed prevalence of
0.65% and Nasgari mahaboob research conducted in South India, showed 1.2% prevalence of
supernumerary teeth.
4

Research conducted Sharma and Singh showed that the supernumerary teeth are detected by
clinical and radiographic examination. On the male are more affected than females with sex
ratio of 2,9:1. Single supernumerary teeth (single supernumerary) seen in 79% of patients,
20% for two supernumerary and 1% had three or more supernumerary teeth (multiple
supernumerary).
5

Supernumerary teeth are more common in the maxilla than the mandibula. Supernumerary
teeth can be categorized in terms of chronology, topography, and morphology.
Chronologically, they can develop before deciduous teeth (predeciduous), simultaneous to
permanent teeth or after them (postpermanent dentition). Based on the morphology,
supernumerary teeth can be defined as supplemental (eumorphic) or rudimentary (including
conic shape, tuberculate, molariform, and odontome). Mesiodens, paramolar, distomolar, and
parapremolar, are words to describe the topography (location) of the supernumeraries
2

Supernumerary teeth may occur in some regions in the region between the jaws for
example, on the upper incisor region, also called mesiodens.Mesiodens supernumerary teeth
are located on and adjacent to the anterior maxillary suture and the mid-line between the
maxillary incisors. In addition there are usually mesiodens supernumerary molar teeth
adjacent paramolar also called, at the very back of the last molar tooth called disto-molars or
premolars next called parapremolars.
(1,

6.12)

The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the prevalence and characteristics of
supernumerary teeth in children aged 13-15 years in Makassar. With the prevalence of
supernumerary teeth as well as the major impact on the location of the permanent teeth and
the aesthetic, it is necessary to immediately think of preventive measures as early as possible.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study design was a descriptive observational study. The study population used is all
students enrolled in Junior High School (SMP) which have been set. Based on the
calculations, the number of samples of 3938 students. The sampling method used was
Multistage Random Sampling.
Data obtained by direct examination of the oral using the sonde and mirror to see whether or
supernumerary teeth and doing interviews in each sample that had supernumerary teeth.

0
5
10
15
20
25
Single Multiple
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
e
e
t
h
0
100
P
e
r
s
e
n
t
a
s
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(
%
)
Site of the Supernumerary Teeth
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Male Female
P
e
r
s
e
n
t
a
s
e

(
%
)
Sex
RESULTS
This study was conducted on 3938 students with 24 supernumerary teeth were examined





Figure 1: Gender of patients with supernumerary teeth





Figure 2: Number of supernumerary teeth per patient







Figure 3: The site of the supernumerary teeth
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
ERUPSI PARTIAL ERUPSI
P
e
r
s
e
n
t
a
s
e

(
%
)
Eruption Status
0
20
40
60
80
100
P
e
r
s
e
n
t
a
s
e

(
%
)
Morphology






Figure 4: Eruption status of the supernumerary teeth







Figure 5: Samples with a state based on the morphology of supernumerary teeth.
The prevalence of supernumerary Teeth in children at the age of 13, 14 and 15 years in
Makassar from 3938 examined samples found a supernumerary Teeth anomalies were 22
samples (0.6%) and there was no anomaly as 3916 samples (99 , 4%)
Figure 1, the prevalence of supernumerary Teeth by sex. The prevalence of supernumerary
Teeth anomalies more males are 15 people (0.8%) while 7 women (0.4%).
Figure 2, the prevalence of supernumerary Teeth based on any number of people, found
Single Supernumerary Teeth as many as 20 people (90.9%), while the prevalence of samples
with multiple supernumerary by 2 people (9.1%).
Figure 3, the prevalence of the characteristics of the sample based on the location of the
supernumerary Teeth are arriving on location mesiodens total of 14 samples (58.3%), the
lateral location of as many as 10 samples (41.7%).The locations of premolars, paramolar and
no distomolar.
Figure 4, the prevalence of supernumerary characteristics based on status Teeth eruption.
Available Teeth supernumerary 23 (93.8%) were perfect eruption and supernumerary Teeth
only 1 (4.2%) were partial eruption.
Figure 5, the prevalence of morphological characteristics of the sample based on 24 samples
obtained supernumerary Teeth conical morphology of 20 samples (83.4%), a form tubercular
morphology by 2 samples (8.3%), morphology supplemental by 2 samples (8.3 %) and no
morphological forms odontoma.
DISCUSSION
Results of tests carried out on children aged 13, 14 and 15 years in Makassar from 3938
examined samples obtained 22 samples (0.6%) who had a supernumerary Teeth anomalies
which are all located in the maxilla.These results are consistent with research Szkaradkiewics
Anna (2011) which shows the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition
period varies between 0.1% and 6.9%. In accordance with the results of Celal Candirli
(2012) states that the supernumerary teeth by 90-8%% in the maxilla.
(5, 9)

Supernumerary Teeth prevalence by sex. The prevalence of supernumerary Teeth anomalies
more males are 15 people (0.8%) while 7 women (0.4%).These results are consistent with
research Amita Sharma (2011), Sharman and Singh (2012), O.Dowling (2009) showed that
the supernumerary teeth are detected by clinical examination in male more than female .This
is similar to the results of research Celikoglu M (2012) showed that the supernumerary teeth
were detected in 42 samples with a ratio of 1.8: 1 and the research Dara Kalyan Kumar, the
sex ratio of the supernumerary teeth (the M/F ratio) seemed to be 2: 1 were also showed
higher prevalence in male than in females, may be due to the association of teh
supernumerary teeth with the autosomal recessive gene, which has a greater penetration in
males, as was suggested by Niswander. Research of Schmuckli Rule (2010) In the study the
prevalence among ,male is higher than girls at 1.1% and 0.4% respectively.
(1,4,5,9,10,11)

The prevalence of supernumerary Teeth based on any number of people, found Single
Supernumerary Teeth as many as 20 people (90.9%), while the prevalence of samples with
multiple supernumerary by 2 people (9.1%).This is according to the results of research from
Sharman and Singh (2012) which states that the prevalence of supernumerary teeth are at
most only one or single (single supernumerary) supernumerary teeth per person is 79%, while
the prevalence of samples with two supernumerary teeth are 20% and 1 % had three or more
supernumerary teeth (multiple supernumerary). This is similar to the results of research
Celikoglu M. Et al showed that the prevalence of supernumerary teeth are at most only one or
single (single supernumerary), supernumerary teeth per person is 75% while the prevalence
of samples with two supernumerary teeth is 25%
(1.5)

Prevalence of characteristics of the sample based on the location of the supernumerary Teeth
are arriving on location mesiodens many as 14 samples (58.3%), the lateral location of as
many as 10 samples (41.7%).The locations of premolars, paramolar and no distomolar .This
is similar to the results of research Mevlut Celikoglu (2010) which shows the type of
supernumerary teeth mesiodens is 31.3% more than the 22.9% lateral types. Research O.
Dowling (2009) based on the records of 100 consecutive patients with supernumerary teeth in
permanent teeth that attending in public health orthodontic clinic examined showed
approximately 83% of the supernumerary teeth, teeth found in maxillary anterior region.
(5.11)

At research of Schmuckli Rule (2010) The prevalence among boys is higher than among
women, with 1.1% and 0.4%, respectively, the largest proportion of supernumerary teeth
found maxillary anterior region (38 out of 44 teeth, 86 %).
9

The prevalence of supernumerary characteristics based on status Teeth eruption. Its founded
that Teeth supernumerary 23 (93.8%) were perfect eruption and supernumerary Teeth only 1
(4.2%) were partial eruption.
The prevalence of morphological characteristics of the sample based on 24 samples obtained
supernumerary Teeth conical morphology of 20 samples (83.4%), a form tubercular
morphology by 2 samples (8.3%), morphology supplementale by 2 samples (8.3%) and
morphology odontoma no. This is in accordance with Rule Schmuckli study (2010) that
indicates the type of morphology 70% supernumerary teeth conical (cone), 25% and 5%
supplemental tuberculation)
7

Based on the prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth in children aged 13-15
years is 0.6% in Makassar needed the socialization of supernumerary teeth and an
understanding of the characteristics and the most important is the further handling.

CONCLUSION
Results of research that has been conducted at 14 Junior High School (SMP) in Makassar can
be summarized as follows:
Results of research that has been conducted at 14 Junior High School (SMP) in
Makassar can be summarized as follows:
1. Generally, the prevalence of supernumerary Teeth in children at the age of 13,
14 and 15 years in Makassar from 3938 examined samples found a supernumerary
Teeth anomalies were 22 samples (0.6%) all found on the maxillary.
2. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth by sex. The prevalence of
supernumerary Teeth anomalies more males are 15 people (0.8%) while 7 women
(0.4%).
3. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth based on the number of each person,
found Single Supernumerary Teeth as many as 20 people (90.9%), while the
prevalence of samples with multiple supernumerary by 2 people (9.1%).
4. Prevalence of characteristics of the sample based on the location of the
supernumerary Teeth are arriving on location mesiodens many as 14 samples
(58.3%), the lateral location of as many as 10 samples (41.7%).The locations of
premolars, paramolar and no distomolar
5. The prevalence of supernumerary characteristics based on status Teeth
eruption. Its founded that Teeth supernumerary 23 (93.8%) were perfect eruption
and supernumerary Teeth only 1 (4.2%) were partial eruption.
6. The prevalence of morphological characteristics of the sample based on 24
samples obtained supernumerary Teeth conical morphology of 20 samples (83.4%),
a form tubercular morphology by 2 samples (8.3%), morphology supplementale by
2 samples (8.3%) and morphology odontoma no.
SUGGESTION
1. Increasing the outreach activities one of which provides an understanding of
the characteristics and supernumerary teeth are important is further handling.
Supernumerary teeth can be clinically diagnosed, the decision to maintain
supernumerary teeth should be based on clinical examination and interview
.Diangnosis supernumerary teeth early and revocation allows avoiding or reducing
the possible of complications.
2. Further research should be conducted so as to know the prevalence of
supernumerary teeth in Makassar.
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