Jeju Island, also known as the "Island of the Gods," is a popular vacation spot for Koreans and many

Japanese. It remains one of the top honeymoon destinations for Korean newlyweds. The island's miture of
volcanic rock, fre!uent rains, and temperate climate, make it very similar to the "awaiian Islands in the #.$.
The island offers visitors a wide ran%e of activities& hikin% on "alla'san ($outh Korea's hi%hest peak),
catchin% sunrises and sunsets over the ocean, viewin% majestic waterfalls, ridin% horses, or just lyin%
around on the sandy *eaches.
+lthou%h tourism is one of the main industries on the island, many of the hotels and other tourist areas are
run *y mainland companies, so much of the income never %ets put *ack into the local economy. +lso, since
the attractions are %eared towards tourists, many of the entrance fees can *e hefty (althou%h the locally
owned and operated ones tend to *e cheaper). $imilar to Gyeon%ju and some other areas, local residents
can enter most places for free or for a steeply discounted price.
Jeju-do
Jeju-do (transliterated Korean for Jeju Province, short form of Jeju Special Autonomous Province) is the
only special autonomous province of $outh Korea, situated on and coterminous with the country's lar%est
island. Jeju'do lies in the Korea $trait, southwest of Jeollanam'do ,rovince, of which it was a part *efore it
*ecame a separate province in -./0. Its capital is the city of Jeju.The island contains the 1atural 2orld
"erita%e $ite Jeju 3olcanic Island and 4ava Tu*es.
Nomenclature
In Korean, do is the phonetic trancription of two distinct hanja (Chinese characters) meanin% "island" ()
and "province" (). "owever, Jejudo %enerally refers to the island, while Jeju'do refers to the
%overnment administrative unit. The ta*le *elow also includes the name of Jeju 5ity, the provincial
capital.
Historical names
"istorically, the island has *een called *y many different names includin%&
6oi (, )
6on%yeon%ju (, )
Juho (, )
Tammora (, )
$eomna (, )
Tan%na (, )
Tamna (, )
7uelpart (!.v. gyulbat, , , meanin% "oran%e orchards")
8efore the Japanese anneation in -.-9, the island was usually known as Quelpart to :uropeans. The
name "7uelpart" apparently came from the first :uropean ship to spot the island, the 6utch "7uelpaert",
which si%hted it after *ein% *lown off course on its way to the 6utch tradin% *ase in 1a%asaki, Japan, from
Taiwan (then the 6utch colony of ;ormosa).
2hen Korea was anneed *y Japan in -.-9, Jeju then *ecame known as Saish, which is the Japanese
readin% of the hanja for Jeju.
8efore <999, when the $eoul %overnment chan%ed the official =omani>ation of "an%ul, Jeju'do was spelled
Cheju-do. +lmost all written references to the island *efore that use that spellin%.
Geography
Jeju Island is a volcanic island, dominated *y Halla-san ("alla ?ountain)& a volcano -,.@9 metres hi%h
and the hi%hest mountain in $outh Korea.
The island was created entirely from volcanic eruptions approimately < million years a%o, durin% the time
period from the Tertiary to the *e%innin% of the 7uaternary period, and consists chiefly of *asalt and lava.
The eruptions took place in the 5eno>oic era. It has a humid su*tropical climate, warmer than that of the
rest of Korea, with four distinct seasons. 2inters are cool and dry while summers are hot, humid, and
sometimes rainy.
There is a crater lake which is the only natural lake in $outh Korea.
Acitation neededB
+n area coverin% a*out -<C (<</ s!uare kilometers) of Jeju is known as Gotjawal Forest.
ADB
This area had
remained untouched until the <-st century, as its *ase of + E lava made it difficult to develop for a%riculture.
8ecause this forest remained untouched for a lon% time, it has a uni!ue ecolo%y.
A/B
The forest is the main
source of %roundwater, the main water source for the half millon people of the island, *ecause rainwater
penetrates directly into the %roundwater a!uifer throu%h the cracks of the +E lava under the forest.
Gotjawal forest is considered an internationally important wetland under the =amsar 5onvention *y some
researchers
A@B
*ecause it is the ha*itat of uni!ue species of plants and is the main source of water for the
residents, althou%h to date it has not *een declared a =amsar site.
A0B
arly history
+ccordin% to le%end, three demi'%ods emer%ed from $amsun%'hyeol which is said to have *een on the
northern slopes of ?t. "alla and *ecame the pro%enitors of the Jeju people who founded the Kin%dom of
Tamna. It has also *een claimed that three *rothers includin% Ko'hu who were the -@th descendants of
Koulla, one of the ,ro%enitors of the Jeju people, were received *y the court of $illa at which time the name
Tamna was officially reco%ni>ed, while the official %overnment posts of $eon%'ju, 2an%'ja and 6o'nae were
conferred *y the count upon the three. 2hile this was the %olden period of $illa, the eact data is as yet
unknown.
+lthou%h there is no concrete evidence of when the "Three 1ames" ($amseon%'Ko, Fan% and ,u) appeared
nor for the eact date of when Ko'hu and his *rothers were received *y $illa. It may *e supposed that the
foundin% ,eriod *y the "Three 1ames" occurred durin% the Three Kin%doms (Go%uryeo, 8aekje and $illa)
period on the peninsula.
Taejo, founder of Goryeo, attempted to esta*lish the same relationship to Goryeo as Tamna had *een in its
relation to $illa. Tamna refused to accept this position and the Goryeo court dispatched troops to force
Tamna to su*mit. Ko ja'%yeon, chief of Tamna, su*mitted to Goryeo in .DG and sent his son, ,rince ?allo, to
Goryeo's court as a de'facto hosta%e. In --9@ (Kin% $ukjon%'s -9th year), the Goryeo court a*olished the
name Takna which had to this time *een used and from that year on, the island was known as "Tamna'%un"
(district) and Goryeo officials were sent to handle the affairs of the island.
Tamna'%un was chan%ed to Tamna'hyeon in --@D durin% the rei%n of Kin% #i'jon% and 5hoi 5heok'kyeon%
was posted as Tamna'?yeon% or 5hief of Tamna.
In --<- durin% "uijon%'s rei%n, Tamna was renamed Jeju and the posts of 8usa and ,an%wan were
esta*lished on the island.
In the -<th year of the rei%n of 2onjon%, -<H-, General Kim Ton%'jeon% escaped with what remained of his
$am*yeolcho force from Jindo and *uilt the "an%paduseon% (fortress) at Kwiil'chon from where they
continued their fi%ht a%ainst the com*ined GoryeoI?on%ol army *ut within < years, faced *y an enemy army
of over -9,999 troops, the $am*yeolcho was annihilated
The Fuan (?on%ol) dynasty, in -<HD durin% the rei%n of Goryeo's Kin% 2onjon%, esta*lished a 6aruhachi or
military %overnor on the island and this was to last almost one hundred years with the island almost
completely under the control of these %overnors.
+fter Fi Taejo esta*lished the Joseon (Fi) dynasty, all of the administrative ri%hts and systems which Jeju
island, had maintainin% some independence until this time, were a*sor*ed into the centrali>ed from of
%overnment esta*lished *y Joseon.
In -/9<, in the <nd year of the rei%n of Kin% Taejon%, the titles of $eon%iu and 2an%ja which had so lon%
*een used on Jeju were a*olished and to $eon%ju Ko *on%'lyeo was %iven the sym*olic title of Jwadoji%wan
and to 2an%ja ?un chun%'se, the title of $eokdoji%wan and in -/-0, still in the rei%n of Kin% Taejon%, the
island was divided into three major. +dministrative districts & the area lyin% %enerally north of ?t. "alla was
headed *y a '?oksa' or county ma%istrate while east in the area of Jeon%ui'hyeon (today's $eon%eup ;olk
villa%e) and the south western area of 6aejeon%'hyeon (today's ?oseulpo, 6aejeon%'eup and ?t. $an*an%)
were headed *y a "yeon'%am (also county ma%istrate).
In +u%ust, -G0/, *oth Jeon%ui and 6aejeon% hyeons were moved from the control of the 'moksa' north of
the mountain in today's Jeju'si area and were renamed 'Gun" (county) and came under the direct control of
the Gwanchalsa (%overnor) of Jeolla province *ut *ecause of strife *etween these 'Guns' and the Jeju
'moksa', the system was a*olished in January, -GG9 and the two 'Gun' reverted a%ain to 'hyeon'.
In -G.@ (Kin% Gojon%'s D<nd year), Jeju'mok was redesi%nated as Jeju'8u with a %overnor (Gwanchalsa)
and 3ice'%overnor (5hamsa%wan) and a police a%ency was newly esta*lished while in *oth Jeon%ui and
6aejeon% the offices of 'Gunsu', (county chief) were a%ain esta*lished *ut the very net year, the office of
'Gunsu' was a*olished and the old system was returned to.
Then, in -.90 a*olishin% the ?oksa system alto%ether, the Gunsu or 5ounty chief system was adopted and
in -.-9, Jeon%ui and 6aejeon% were included in Jeju %un while 5huja'myeon was placed under the
jurisdiction of 2ando'%un, part of $outh Jeolla province.
!odern history
Japan anneed Korea in -.-9 and in -.-@ the gun or county system which had *een adopted in -.90 was
a*olished and Jeju island was desi%nated as part of the 'island' system and called Jeju myeon under
$outh Jeolla province. In -.D-, Jeju'myeon was raised to the status of Jeju'eup or 'township' which
%ave the island one township (today's Jeju'si area) and -< 'myeon'. Jn +u%ust -, -./0, Jeju $pecial
+utonomous ,rovince was removed from the 'island' system under $outh Jeolla province and
desi%nated as an independent province with < counties, 1orth 5ounty and $outh 5ounty, one
'township', today's present Jeju'si area and -< 'myeon'.
The provincial administrative *uildin% was *urned to the %round in $eptem*er, -./G (durin% the +pril Drd
=e*ellion, also known as the Jeju #prisin%) and a new *uildin% was completed in -'do, <'don% in 6ecem*er,
-.@<. The re*ellions of +pril D were actually part of a lar%er pro*lem across Korea at this time. The
re*ellions on 5heju'do, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of officials, armed or%ani>ations, and
villa%ers alike culminated in widespread violence on the island and the center of the island ("alla ?ountain)
*ein% listed as an "enemy >one" *y the %overnment of the =epu*lic of Korea. Jver D9,999 people were
killed as some villa%ers and communist radicals alike were imprisoned in internment camps under the
policies of mainland %overnment.
AHB
2hile claims have *een made that the #$ %overnment oversaw and supported "anti'communist" activities
administratively if not openly in the field, validation remains to *e made. It is a fact the #$ was heavily
involved in counter insur%ence operations across Korea at this time leadin% up to the Korean 2ar and #1
involvement. $imilarly, the 1orthwest Fouth 4ea%ue, a Korean %overnment sponsored watch'do% %roup
made up of refu%ees who had fled northern Korea, actively repressed any and all "communist sympathi>ers"
with an ardent campai%n of shootin% anyone on si%ht enterin% or leavin% the president's "enemy >one",
rapin%Iviolation, torturin%, and killin% hundreds of islanders usin% open armed, violence and what would *e
la*eled today as terrorist activities. Intolerance *y mainland Korean officials of islanders in %eneral at the
time, %overnment and or%ani>ation sponsored isolation of the island, and rumored cover up of evidence
linkin% the re*ellion's suppressors with forei%n powers and people who have today %one un'prosecuted is
*elieved to *e the primary cause of pu*lic i%norance, hed%in% on denial, over the +pril D, -./G %enocide on
5heju'do. + documentary *y the 885 and ,8$, Korea: The Unknown War and many activities and
pu*lications *y or%ani>ations and persons from within 5heju'do and around the world continue to attempt
sheddin% the li%ht on this event.
Jn $eptem*er -, -.@@, Jeju Township was elevated to city status with /9 administrative wards which on
January -, -.0<, were reduced to -/ wards. Jn July G, -.@0, $eo%wi, 6aejeon% and "allim'myeons were
raised to the status of townships while the southwestern portion of "allim Township was separated and
newly desi%nated as the "ankyeon% district(myeon) which %ave the province one city, two counties, three
townships and -9 myeon or districts with -/ wards in Jeju'si. ?ay <D, -.H. saw the restructurin% of the
Jeju'si wards and the addition of three more, %ivin% -H wards.
In ?arch, -.G9, the construction of a new provincial office was started in Feon'don% of Jeju'si and in
6ecem*er of that year the four myeon of +ewol, Gujwa, 1amwon and $eon%san were elevated to the status
of townships %ivin% the administrative area one city, two counties, seven townships, si districts and, within
Jeju'si, -H wards.
In -.G-, the development of the Jun%mun Tourist 5omple *rou%ht a*out the unification of $eo%wi township
and Jun%mun'myeon (district) into one as $eo%wipo'si consistin% of -< wards (don%) %ivin% the province
two cities, two counties, si townships, five districts and <. wards.
Jn Jcto*er -, -.GD, Jeju'si's $amdo ward was divided into two wards to %ive a total of D9 wards in the
province.
Fon%dam ward in Jeju'si was restructured into Fon%dam ward one and Fon%dam ward two on Jcto*er -,
-.G@ and Jocheon myeon (district) was elevated to the status of Township followed on +pril -, -.G0 with
Feonpyeon%'ri Gujwa township *ein% raisin% to the status of #do district (myeon), the provincial area now
administerin% < cities, < counties, H townships, @ districts and D- wards, the status of the province as of D
6ecem*er -..0.
Jeju (5heju), on - July <990, was made into the first only special autonomous province of $outh Korea.
Administrative divisions
#ntil <99@, Jeju ,rovince was divided into two cities (si), Jeju and $eo%wipo, and two counties (gun),
8ukjeju (1orth Jeju) and 1amjeju ($outh Jeju) respectively. The two cities were further divided into thirty'
one nei%h*ourhoods (dong), while the two counties were divided into seven towns (eup) and five districts
(myeon). The seven towns and five districts were in turn divided into @@- villa%es (ri).
In <99@, Jeju residents approved, *y referendum, a proposal to mer%e 8ukjeju 5ounty into Jeju 5ity, and
1amjeju 5ounty into $eo%wipo 5ity. :ffective - July <990, the province was also renamed Jeju $pecial
+utonomous ,rovince with two nominal su*divisions, Jeju and $eo%wipo city. In addition to chan%es in
name, the province has *een %iven etensive administrative power that has *een reserved for the central
%overnment. This is part of plans to create the Jeju into a ";ree International 5ity".
AGB
Society and culture
8ecause of the relative isolation of the island, the people of Jeju have developed a culture and lan%ua%e
that are distinct from those of mainland Korea. Jeju is home to thousands of local le%ends. ,erhaps
the most distinct cultural artifact is the u*i!uitous dol hareubang ("stone %randfather") carved from a
*lock of *asalt.
+nother distinct aspect of Jeju is the matriarchal family structure, found especially in #do and ?ara, *ut also
present in the rest of the province. The *est'known eample of this is found amon% the haenyeo ("sea
women"), who were often the heads of families, *ecause they controlled the income. They earned their
livin% from free divin%, often all year round in !uite cold water, without scu*a %ear, in order to harvest
a*alones, conchs, and a myriad of other marine products. It is thou%ht that women are *etter at spendin% all
day deep'water divin% *ecause they resist cold *etter. A-B "owever, *ecause of rapid economic
development and moderni>ation, few haenyeo are still actively workin% today. A<B, ADB
"angsatap
8an%satap are small, round towers made of many stones. There are many 8an%sataps and you can see
them near the countryside in Jeju. ,eople usually pile up many stones, makin% a shape like a tower in order
to protect themselves from the *ad luck in their villa%e. They have *uilt 8an%satap accordin% to the theory of
divination *ecause they *elieve that %eo%raphy is very important in choosin% the ri%ht place for them. It is
also a %ood eample to demonstrate reli%ious *elief in Jeju island *ecause it is an o*ject that people can
rely on puttin% rice paddle inside the 8an%satap to %ather as much money as possi*le and also puttin% an
iron pot to overcome a disaster and fi%ht fire in their villa%e. 1o*ody knows that when the 8an%satap was
*uilt in the past year.
Cuisine
Jeju Island is the southernmost and lar%est island isolated from the Korean peninsula. 6ue to its lack of
fresh water, paddy farmin% is only done on a small scale on the island, with the cultivation of cereal crops
such as millet, *arnyard millet, *uckwheat, and *arley *ein% the main feature of a%riculture. Therefore, the
traditional Jeju meal %enerally consisted of japgokbap which is a *owl of steamed multiple %rains as a main
dish, with various salted dried fish called jaban
A.BA-9B
as *anchan (side dishes), and a soup *ased on
doenjang (soy*ean paste) such as baechuguk made with 1apa ca**a%e, kongnipguk made with soy*ean
leaves, or muguk made with daikon. Jeju dishes are made with simple in%redients, and the taste is %enerally
salty. =aw seafood called hoe is commonly consumed as a part of the meal. The warm weather affects Jeju
cuisine in that gimjang, preparin% kimchi in late autumn for winter consumption, is not necessary to Jeju
locals unlike the other provinces. Jnly a small amount of kimchi is pickled *y Jeju locals. =epresentative
main dishes in Jeju cuisine are porrid%e made with fish, seafood, seaweeds, or mushrooms. :amples
include jeonbokjuk made with a*alone, okdomjuk made with =ed tilefish,
A--B
gejuk made with cra*s, gingijuk
made with small cra*s called bangge (Helice tridens),
A-<B
maeyeoksae juk made with youn% wakame,
A-DB
and
chogijuk made with shiitake.
A-/B
#raditional $ood
Gam%yul is a type of oran%e similar to the ?andarin oran%e or tan%erine. 8lack pi% is a delicacy on the
island. 8lack pi%s are famous for their *lack hair and their meat for its chewy teture. The meat is chewy
and nutritious, *ut does not have the uni!ue smell of pork. 8lack pi%s other nota*le features are their lon%
faces, narrow snouts and small ears that stand up.
!yth % &egend
$eulmundae "alman% is a very famous myth in Jeju, known to many Jeju residents. +ccordin% to this myth,
$eulmundae "alman% could reach from $un% $an Ill 5hul 8on% with one foot to Guan Tal island at +eweol,
and with *oth feet to ?t. "alla. $he was very stron%, had @99 children, and *uilt ?t. "alla with seven scoops
of the earth.
Jne day, $eulmundae "alman% was makin% soup for her sons and drowned to death in the pot while her
sons were huntin%. +fter they finished huntin%, they felt hun%ry and ate the soup, without knowin% that their
mother had passed away in the soup. "owever, the youn%est son knew. "e told the truth to the rest of the
sons, and the whole family cried, and eventually turned into @99 stones.
conomy
In <990, the G6, of the province was projected at G.@ trillion won (a*out #$KG.@ *illion), approimately -@
million won per capita. The provincial %overnment's *ud%et for <990 was projected at -.- trillion won, an
increase of -9C over <99@.
Jeju is also a home for key functions of 6aum 5ommunications, a leadin% Korean internet site, and sole
owner of 4ycos.
Jeju is also famous for hostin% many conferences and international meetin%s, includin% the 2orld $cout
5onference in July <99G. Jeju has its own convention center called International 5onvention 5enter Jeju.
The +$:+1'KJ=:+ 5ommemorative $ummit <99. was held at I55 Jeju.
#ourism
Tourism commands a lar%e fraction of Jeju's economy. Jeju's temperate climate, natural scenery, and
*eaches make it a popular tourist destination for $outh Koreans as well as visitors from other parts of
:ast +sia. The most popular tourist spots on the island are Cheonjeyeon and Cheonjiyeon
waterfalls, !ount Halla, "yeo*je cave, and "yeon%je island. There is a variety of leisure sports that
tourists can take part in Jeju includin% %olf, horse ridin%, huntin%, fishin%, mountain clim*in%, etc.
6ependin% on the season, Jeju hosts many festivals for tourists includin% a pen%uin swimmin% contest
in winter, cherry *lossom festival in sprin%, the midsummer ni%ht *each festival in summer, and Jeju
horse festival in autumn, amon% others. ;or most tourists, traffic to and from the island is mainly taken
throu%h Jeju 'nternational Airport and transport within the island *y rental cars. $ome local products
are popular to tourists, includin% Jeju's special tile fish and mandarin oran%es, aside from souvenirs
and duty'free shoppin%.
Jeju was chosen as one of the <G finalists for the 1ew H 2onders of 1ature at www.newHwonders.com.
#ourist attractions
Hallim Par(
This is one of the oldest and most popular tourist attractions on Jeju. It is located on the west coast of the
island.
)ire )estival
There is an annual fire festival on the island that stems from a custom of removin% harmful insects and old
%rass in villa%es every winter. The fire festival is held on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month each year.
6al'%ip(to pile up much wood) is *urned when the moon rises while prayin% for %ood harvests and makin%
%ood wishes. Jeju traditional food is all eaten at the site of the festival. This festival was held -D times until
<99.. The Jeju Jeon%wol 6ae*oreum ;ire ;estival started in -..H and *ecome a leadin% festival of Jeju.
This takes place in $ae*yeol Jreum located in 8on%seon% ri, +ewol :up. It takes up <@ minutes from Jeju
international +irport *y car. Jeju citi>ens do their utmost to prepare the ;ire ;estival so as to pass down,
develop and ultimately develop *randin% for the uni!ue folk culture resources of Jeju. $ae*yeol oreum has
a characteristic of a comple volcano. It has the horseshoe shaped crater that is *oth very wide and sli%htly
split. +lso, it is risin% hi%h with the little peaks makin% oval from the south peak to northwest. The scale is
a*ove the sea level @-..Dm, hei%ht --.m, circumference <,H-Dm, area @<<,<-0. $ae*yeol oreum, which
is the middle si>e amon% the D09 oreums in Jeju island. It's named after the sayin% "it *ri%htens like a star".
*lle
"Jlle" is a word in the local dialect which refers to the paths *etween houses and pu*lic roads." "Jeju Jlle"is
a hikin% trail founded *y $uh. ?yu%sook. There is a norrow pathway connected from the house to an open
space called "Jlle". It is the jeju word and has the same sound as "2ould you comeL" in Korean. The first
trail route was opened in $eptem*er, <99H. There have *een -/ opened (recently a -@th course was
opened' see the $eptem*er Jeju 2eekly for details)and the trail eploration team is still workin% on new
routes. "Jlle" is the most *eautiful and peaceful road in the world and *ecame a synonym of trackin% course
in Korea. There are many route si%ns. Those are *lue arrows and you can fine that on the stone walls of
lacal villa%es and rocks near the seaside. Fou also can see *lue and yellow ri**ons knotted around trees.
That lead you to the Jlle. Jeju Jlle's chief director $uh ?yun%'sook %ot pri>e from ,resident 4ee ?yun%'
park at the cele*rate of 'The D0th anniversary of the day of the tourism' and she will %et the pri>e from the
minister of environment at the ceremony of 'The D-st the charter of conservation of nature' that will *e held
comin% Jcto*er @.
!anjanggul
?anjan%%ul is one of the lon%est lava tu*es in the world. ?anjan% 5ave, situated at 6on%%imnyeon%'ri,
Gujwa'eup, 1orth Jeju, D9 kilometers east of Jeju 5ity, was desi%nated as 1atural ?onument 1o. .G on
?arch <G, -.H9. The annual temperature inside the cave ran%es from -- to <-, thus facilitatin% a
favora*le environment throu%hout the year. The cave is also academically si%nificant as rare species live in
the cave. 5reated *y spewin% lava, "the lava turtle", "lava pillar", and "2in%'shaped 2all" look like the work
of the %ods. It is considered to *e a world class tourist attraction The Geomunoreum lava tu*e system is the
most impressive and si%nificant series of protected lava tu*e caves in the world and includes a spectacular
array of secondary car*onate speleothems (stalactites and other formations). +nd it overwhelms other lava
tu*es with its a*undance and diversity. The Geomunoreum 4ava Tu*e $ystem, which is re%arded as the
finest such cave system in the world, has an outstandin% visual impact even for those eperienced with such
phenomena. It displays the uni!ue spectacle of multi'colored car*onate decorations adornin% the roofs and
floors, and dark'colored lava walls, partially covered *y a mural of car*onate deposits. In addition, lava tu*e
caves are like those in limestone karst in scale, shape and internal decoration, *ut completely different in
ori%in. 4ava tu*e caves are known from *asaltic terrain in most of the world's volcanic re%ions. The lava
tu*e caves of the Geomunoreum 4ava Tu*e $ystem are, however, re%arded as internationally important
due to their len%th, massive volume, intricate passa%e confi%uration, well preserved internal lava features,
a*undant and spectacular secondary car*onate formations, ease of access, and their scientific and
educational values. +nother feature makin% Geomunoreum 4ava Tu*e $ystem %lo*ally si%nificant and
distinctive is the presence of car*onate deposits and formations. 3ery small deposits of calcite are common
in lava tu*e caves, and are more si%nificantly developed as speleothems in 6uck 5reek cave in #tah, #$+.
"owever, in a*undance, density and diversity they are far less impressive than those of Fon%cheon%ul and
6an%cheomuldon%%ul 4ava Tu*es in Jeju, and the scale of these decorations within the lava caves of Jeju
Island far eceeds any other compara*le eamples. The nomination is supported *y the 5ommission on
3olcanic 5aves of the International #nion of $peleolo%y ' the world's most authoritative scientific *ody on
volcanic caves, which re%ards Jeju's lava caves as *ein% of the hi%hest international rankin%. ;urther, a
-..@ %lo*al review re%arded 6an%cheomul cave as the "*est display of different calcite speleothems within
a volcanic cave." Fon%cheon%ul 4ava Tu*e has *een discovered su*se!uently and is of e!uivalent value
Sangum+uri Crater
$an%um*uri 5rater is the crater of an etinct volcano. #nlike its *rethren "alla'san and $on%san Ilch'u*on%,
this one eploded !uickly, *ut did not spew much lava nor did it form much of a surroundin% cone. This
phenomenon is called maru in Korean, and $an%um*uri is the only one of its kind in the country, makin% it
1atural ?onument M<0D. The remainin% crater is -99 meters deep and an avera%e of D@9 meters across.
Jver /99 species of plants and animals live inside the crater. 3isitors can walk around part of the rim (the
rest is private property and fenced off), *ut they cannot venture down inside the crater. + well'paved path
leads from the parkin% area to the viewin% area which has a small pavilion and several vista points. +lso on
the %rounds are numerous %rave sites made in traditional Jeju fashion& a wide, trape>oidal stone wall
surroundin% the *urial mound. $everal of the sites also have small stone fi%ures that %uard the mound from
evil spirits. +t the park entrance are several lar%e rocks from the crater. 6urin% the eruption, molten rock flew
from the volcano into the air and cooled into many eotic shapes.
Jeong+ang ,ater$all
-tilities
The island's power'%rid is connected to mainland plants *y the "365 "aenam'5heju, and electricity is also
provided *y %enerators located on the island. +s of <99-, there were four power plants on Jeju, with more
under plannin% and construction. The most nota*le of these are the %as'fired %enerators of Jeju Thermal
,ower ,lant, located in Jeju 5ity. The present'day %enerators of this plant were constructed from -.G<
onwards, replacin% earlier structures that dated from -.0G.
A-@B
+s elsewhere in Korea, the power supply is
overseen *y the Korea :lectric ,ower 5orporation, or K:,5J.