DFD Examples

Yong Choi
BPA
CSUB
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Steps:
1. Create a list of activities
2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies external entities and processes)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD
(identifies manageable sub process )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
5. Check against rules of DFD
DFD Naming Guidelines
External Entity Noun
Data Flow Names of data
Process verb phrase
a system name
a subsystem name
Data Store Noun
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Lemonade Stand Example
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Steps:
1. Create a list of activities
Old way: no Use-Case Diagram
New way: use Use-Case Diagram
2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies sources and sink)
3. Construct Level 0 DFD
(identifies manageable sub processes )
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
Example
The operations of a simple
lemonade stand will be used
to demonstrate the creation
of dataflow diagrams.
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
1. Create a list of activities
Example
Think through the activities
that take place at a lemonade
stand.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product

Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example
Also think of the additional
activities needed to support
the basic activities.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment
Produce Product
Store Product
Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials
Pay for Labor

1. Create a list of activities
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Example
Group these activities in
some logical fashion,
possibly functional areas.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

1. Create a list of activities
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
0.0
Lemonade
System
EMPLOYEE CUSTOMER
Pay
Payment
Order
Context Level DFD
Example
Create a context level
diagram identifying the
sources and sinks (users).
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

VENDOR
Payment
Purchase Order
Production Schedule
Received Goods
Time Worked
Sales Forecast
2. Construct Context Level DFD
(identifies sources and sink)
Product Served
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Level 0 DFD
Example
Create a level 0 diagram
identifying the logical
subsystems that may exist.
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

3. Construct Level 0 DFD
(identifies manageable sub processes )
2.0
Production
EMPLOYEE
Production
Schedule
1.0
Sale
3.0
Procure-
ment
Sales Forecast
Product Ordered
CUSTOMER
Pay
Payment
Customer Order
VENDOR
Payment
Purchase Order
Order
Decisions
Received Goods
Time Worked
Inventory
Product Served
4.0
Payroll
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Level 1 DFD
Example
Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
4. Construct Level 1- n DFD
(identifies actual data flows and data stores )
1.3
Produce
Sales
Forecast
Sales Forecast
Payment
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

1.1
Record
Order
Customer Order
ORDER
1.2
Receive
Payment
PAYMENT
Severed Order
Request for Forecast
CUSTOMER
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Level 1 DFD
Example
Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

2.1
Serve
Product
Product Order
ORDER
2.2
Produce
Product
INVENTORTY
Quantity Severed
Production
Schedule
RAW
MATERIALS
2.3
Store
Product
Quantity Produced &
Location Stored
Quantity Used
Production Data
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Level 1 DFD
Example
Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

3.1
Produce
Purchase
Order
Order Decision
PURCHASE
ORDER
3.2
Receive
Items
Received
Goods
RAW
MATERIALS
3.3
Pay
Vendor
Quantity
Received
Quantity On-Hand
RECEIVED
ITEMS
VENDOR
Payment Approval
Payment
Creating Data Flow Diagrams
Level 1 DFD
Example
Create a level 1
decomposing the processes
in level 0 and identifying
data stores.
4. Construct Level 1 (continued)
Time Worked
Customer Order
Serve Product
Collect Payment

Produce Product
Store Product

Order Raw Materials
Pay for Raw Materials

Pay for Labor

4.1
Record
Time
Worked
TIME CARDS
4.2
Calculate
Payroll
Payroll Request
EMPLOYEE
4.3
Pay
Employe
e
Employee ID
PAYROLL
PAYMENTS
Payment Approval
Payment
Unpaid time cards
Process Decomposition
4.1
Record
Time
Worked
4.2
Calculate
Payroll
4.3
Pay
Employe
e
3.1
Produce
Purchase
Order
3.2
Receive
Items
3.3
Pay
Vendor
2.1
Serve
Product
2.2
Produce
Product
2.3
Store
Product
1.1
Record
Order
1.2
Receive
Payment
2.0
Production
1.0
Sale
3.0
Procure-
ment
4.0
Payroll
0.0
Lemonade
System
Level 0 Level 1 Context Level
DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
Buses come to a garage for repairs.
A mechanic and helper perform the repair,
record the reason for the repair and record the
total cost of all parts used on a Shop Repair
Order.
Information on labor, parts and repair outcome
is used for billing by the Accounting
Department, parts monitoring by the inventory
management computer system and a
performance review by the supervisor.
DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
(contd)
External Entities: Bus, Mechanic, Helper,
Supervisor, Inventory Management System,
Accounting Department, etc.
Key process (the system): performing repairs
and storing information related to repairs
Processes:
Record Bus ID and reason for repair
Determine parts needed
Perform repair
Calculate parts extended and total cost
Record labor hours, cost

DFD Example: Bus Garage Repairs
(contd)
Data stores:
Personnel file
Repairs file
Bus master list
Parts list
Data flows:
Repair order
Bus record
Parts record
Employee timecard
Invoices
Bus
Mechanic
Helper
Bus
Repair
Process
System
Supervisor
Accounting
Bus Garage Context Diagram
Mechanical
problem
to be repaired
Labor
Labor
Fixed
mechanical
problems
Inventory
Management
System
Repair
summary
List of
parts used
Labor,
parts cost
details
CSUB Burgers Order Processing System
Draw the CSUB Burgers context diagram
System
Order processing system

External entities
Kitchen
Restaurant
Customer

Processes
Customer order
Receipt
Food order
Management report