How to Cite References Using the Turabian (Chicago) Style

This guide introduces the Turabian format and provides examples of citation
styles used
in completing research papers. Turabian may be used for any discipline
including the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. For additional
examples, consult the 7th edition of Kate Turabians Manual for Writers of
Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, located at the Reference Desk (REF
DESK LB 2369 T8 2007).
FORMS OF CITATIONS
Two forms of citation are permitted by Turabian, the traditional method of
footnotes with a bibliography and the method of parenthetical references with
a reference list at the end of the paper.
The following types of citations are commonly used by writers in the
humanities:
Footnotes (N): First line is indented five spaces and following lines begin at
left margin. Bibliographies (B): First line begins at left margin and following
lines are indented five spaces.
The following types of citations are commonly used by writers in the social
and natural sciences: Reference List (R): First line begins at left margin and
following lines are indented five spaces. Parenthetical references (P):
Authors' names and dates of publication are given in parentheses within the
running text or at the end of block quotations.
BOOKS ONE AUTHOR
N B
P R
1. Stephen R. Yarbrough, After Rhetoric: The Study of Discourse Beyond
Language and Culture (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
1999), 84.
Yarbrough, Steven R. After Rhetoric: The Study of Discourse Beyond
Language and Culture. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
(Yarbrough 1999, 84)
Yarbrough, Stephen R. 1999. After rhetoric: The study of discourse beyond
language and culture. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. TWO
AUTHORS
N B P
3. Richard E. Isralowitz and Darwin Telias, Drug Use, Policy, and
Management (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998), 66.
Isralowitz, Richard E. and Darwin Telias. Drug Use, Policy, and
Management. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998.
(Isralowitz and Telias 1998, 66)
R Isralowitz, Richard E. and Darwin Telias. 1998. Drug use, policy, and
management. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
THREE AUTHORS
N 6. Claire M. Renzetti, Jeffrey L. Edelson, and Raquel Kennedy Bergen,
eds., The Sourcebook on Violence Against Women (Thousand Oaks, Calif.:
Sage Publications, 2001), 52.
B Renzetti, Claire M., Jeffrey L. Edelson, and Raquel Kennedy Bergen, eds.
The Sourcebook on Violence Against Women. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage
Publications, 2001.
P (Renzetti, Edelson, and Bergen 2001, 52)
R Renzetti, Claire M., Jeffrey L. Edelson, and Raquel Kennedy Bergen, eds.
2001.
The sourcebook on violence against women. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage
Publications. MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS
N 5. Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English
Language (London: Longman, 1985), 25.
B Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartik. A
Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.
P (Quirk and others 1985, 25)
R Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartik.
1985.
A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman. NO
AUTHOR GIVEN
2. Song of Roland (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, [1959]), 20-25.
Song of Roland. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, [1959].
(Song of Roland [1959], 20-25)
Song of Roland. [1959]. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
N
B
P
R
INSTUTITION, ASSOCIATION, OR CORPORATION AS AUTHOR
N B P
17. American Library Association, Librarians Copyright Kit (Chicago:
American Library Association, 1982), 32.
American Library Association. Librarians Copyright Kit. Chicago:
American Library Association, 1982.
(American Library Association 1982, 32)
R American Library Association. 1982. Librarians copyright kit. Chicago:
American Library Association.
EDITOR OR COMPILER AS AUTHOR
N B
P R
9. Nicholas Roe, ed., Keats and History (New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1995), 65.
Roe, Nicholas, ed. Keats and History. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1995.
(Roe 1995, 22)
Roe, Nicholas, ed. 1995. Keats and history. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST
N B
P R
12. David Flanagan, Java Script: The Definitive Guide, 4th ed. (Sebastopol,
Ca.: OReilly, 2002), 145.
Flanagan, David. Java Script: The Definitive Guide, 4th ed. Sebastopol, Ca.:
OReilly, 2002.
(Flanagan 2002, 145)
Flanagan, David. 2002. Java script: The definitive guide. 4th ed. Sebastopol,
Ca.: OReilly.
CHAPTER OR ARTICLE IN A WORK BY ONE AUTHOR
N 8. Susan Millar Williams, Cross Purposes, in A Devil and a Good
Woman, Too: The Lives of Julia Peterkin (Athens, Ga.: University of
Georgia Press, 1997), 26.
B Williams, Susan Millar. Cross Purposes. In A Devil and a Good Woman,
Too: The Lives of Julia Peterkin. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press,
1997.
P (Williams 1997, 26)
R Williams, Susan Millar. 1997. Cross purposes. In A devil and a good
woman, too: The lives of Julia Peterkin. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia
Press.
CHAPTER OR ARTICLE BY ONE AUTHOR IN THE WORK OF
ANOTHER AUTHOR
N 2. Simon Ortiz, The Language We Speak, in Living Languages:
Contexts for Reading and Writing, ed. Nancy Buffington, Marvin Diogenes,
and Clyde Moneyhun (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997), 43.
B Ortiz, Simon. The Language We Speak. In Living Languages: Contexts
for Reading and Writing, ed. Nancy Buffington, Marvin Diogenes, and Clyde
Moneyhun, 40-47. Upper Saddle River N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1997.
P (Ortiz 1997, 43)
R Ortiz, Simon. 1997. The language we speak. In Living languages: Contexts
for reading and writing, ed. Nancy Buffington, Marvin Diogenes, and Clyde
Moneyhun, 40-47. Upper Saddle River N.J.: Prentice Hall.
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
SCHOLARY JOURNAL THAT PAGES EACH ISSUE SEPARATELY
N 5. Nancy M. Somerick, A Strategy for Protecting the Integrity of an
Internship Program, Public Relations Quarterly 46, no. 3 (2001) : 40-43.
B Somerick, Nancy M. A Strategy for Protecting the Integrity of an
Internship Program. Public Relations Quarterly 46, no. 3 (2001) : 40-43.
P (Somerick 2001, 40-41)
R Somerick, Nancy M. 2001. A strategy for protecting the integrity of an
internship
program. Public Relations Quarterly 46, no. 3 : 40-43.
SCHOLARY JOURNAL WITH CONTINUOUS PAGINATION
N 3. Joseph B. Mosca and Steven Pressman, Unions in the 21st Century,
Public Personnel Management 24 (1995) : 164.
B Mosca, Joseph B. and Steven Pressman. Unions in the 21st Century.
Public Personnel Management 24 (1995) : 159-166.
P (Mosca and Pressman 1995, 164)
R Mosca, Joseph B. and Steven Pressman. 1995. Unions in the 21st century.
Public Personnel Management 24 : 159-166.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES (IN CONTRAST TO ARTICLE IN SCHOLARY
PUBLICATION)
N 10. Anna Quindlen, The Inalienable Right to Whine, Newsweek, 13
December 1995, 102.
B Quindlen, Anna. The Inalienable Right to Whine. Newsweek, 13
December 1995, 102.
P (Quindlen 1995, 102)
R Quindlen, Anna. 1995. The inalienable right to whine. Newsweek, 13
December, 102.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Rarely listed in bibliography and/or reference list. Instead, use parenthetical
or note citations.
N P If B R If B R
15. Chicago Sun-Times, 23 May 1999. (Chicago Sun-Times, 23 May 1999)
item must be cited in bibliography or reference list use the following:
Chicago Sun-Times. 23 May 1999.
Chicago Sun-Times. 1999. 23 May.
several issues of the same newspaper are used, note only name of the paper
and the dates: New York Times. 4 March-5 May 1954.
New York Times. 1954. 2, 13, 26 February; 3, 10, 12 May.
ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
For articles in electronic format, follow the guidelines for articles in print
journals. In addition, include the URL and the date you accessed the material.
Note that a URL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the full facts of
publication, as far as they can be determined, so that a reader can search for
the source even if the URL changes. Generally, include as much information
about the resource as possible and be sure to include 1) The URL of the
website or the name of the database you retrieved the item from; 2) The date
you accessed the item. The access date should be the last item included in the
citation.
N
B
4. Brian Uzzi and Jarrett Spiro, "Collaboration and Creativity: The Small
World Problem," American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 (September
2005), under "Milgram's Small World Theory,"
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v111n2/
090090/090090.html (accessed December 19, 2005).
Uzzi, Brian, and Jarrett Spiro. "Collaboration and Creativity: The Small
World Problem." American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 (September
2005).

http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ AJS/journal/issues/v111
n2/090090/090090.html
(accessed December 19, 2005).
P (Uzzi and Spiro 2005, under "Milgram's small world theory")
R Uzzi, Brian, and Jarrett Spiro. 2005. Collaboration and creativity: The
small world problem. American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 (September).
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ AJS/journal/issues/v111
n2/090090/090090.html (accessed December 19, 2005).
Online databases of articles generally list all the elements necessary for
citations. Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database in
which you consulted the article.
N 6. Lawrence A. Shapiro, "Multiple Realizations," Journal of Philosophy
97, no. 12 (December 2000): 642, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-362X
%28200012%2997% 3A12%3C635%3AMR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q (accessed
June 27, 2006).
B Shapiro, Lawrence A. "Multiple Realizations." Journal of Philosophy 97,
no. 12
(December 2000): 635-54. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-362X
%28200012%2997% 3A 12%3C635%3AMR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q (accessed
June 27,2006).
P (Shapiro 2000, 642)
R Shapiro, Lawrence A. 2000. Multiple realizations. Journal of Philosophy
97, no. 12 (December): 635-54. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici = 0022-362X
%28200012%2997%3A 12%3C635%3AMR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q [accessed
June 27, 20061.
COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
N
B
P R
7. Anne Tyler, in Contemporary Authors Online,
http://galenet.galegroup.com/ servlet/GLD/hits?
r=d&origSearch=true&o=DataType&n=10&l=d&c=1&locID=parkside&sec
on dary=false&u=CA&u=CLC&t=KW&s=1&NA=anne+tyler (accessed
August 12, 2009).
Contemporary Authors Online http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/GLD/
form?locID=parkside&l=2P
(Anne Tyler, Contemporary Authors Online)
Anne Tyler in Contemporary Authors Online, http://galenet.galegroup.com/
servlet/GLD/hits?
r=d&origSearch=true&o=DataType&n=10&l=d&c=1&locID
=parkside&secondary=false&u=CA&u=CLC&t=KW&s=1&NA=anne+tyler
(accessed August 12, 2009).

WEBSITES
N 9. University of Texas Libraries, Perry-Castaeda Library Map
Collection, University of Texas at Austin,
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html (accesses August 12, 2009).
B University of Texas Libraries, Perry-Castaeda Library Map Collection.
University of Texas at Austin, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html
(accessed August 12, 2009).
P (University of Texas Libraries)
R University of Texas Libraries. Perry-Castaeda Library Map Collection.
University of Texas at Austin, http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.html
(accessed August 12, 2009).
ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES
Well-known reference works are not generally included in bibliographies.
You may cite them, instead, in footnotes or parenthetical references. If you
must cite the source in a bibliography or reference list, follow the format for
book or article/chapter within a book. Remember, however, that students are
encouraged to use subject specific encyclopedias in conducting research and
that these items should be fully cited in bibliographies and reference lists.
BOOK REVIEWS
N 6. Jennifer Hamer, review of Family in the Caribbean: Themes and
Perspectives, by Christine Barrow, Journal of Comparative Family Studies
33, no.1 (2002) : 139.
B Hamer, Jennifer. Review of Family in the Caribbean: Themes and
Perspectives, by Christine Barrow. Journal of Comparative Family Studies
33, no.1 (2002) : 139-140.
P (Hamer 2002, 139)
R Hamer, Jennifer. 2002. Review of Family in the Caribbean: Themes and
perspectives, by Christine Barrow. Journal of Comparative Family Studies
33, no.1 : 139-140.
AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS SOUND RECORDINGS
N 7. Itzhak Perlman, The American Album, EMI Classics 7243 5 55360 2
(CD), 1995. B Perlman, Itzhak. The American Album. EMI Classics 7243 5
55360 2. CD. 1995.
P (Perlman 1995)
R Perlman, Itzhak. 1995. The American album. EMI Classics 7243 5 55360 2
(CD). VIDEORECORDINGS
N 21. Jean Kilbourne and Jhally Sut, Slim Hopes, DVD, written and
presented by Jean Kilbourne (Northampton, MA: Media Education
Foundation, 2002).
B Kilbourne, Jean and Jhally Sut. Slim Hopes, DVD. Written and presented
by Jean Kilbourne. Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation, 2002.
P (Kilbourne and Sut, 2002)
R Kilbourne, Jean and Jhally Sut. 2002. , DVD. Written and presented by
Jean Kilbourne. Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation.
Update 8/09:dk