1

CISH CISH- -6510 Web Application 6510 Web Application

Design and Development Design and Development
JSP and Beans JSP and Beans
2
Overview Overview
WeatherBean WeatherBean
Advantages to Using Beans with Advantages to Using Beans with
JSPs JSPs
Using Beans Using Beans
Bean Properties Bean Properties
Weather Example Weather Example
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
Timer Example Timer Example
2
3
WeatherBean WeatherBean
package heidic;
public class WeatherBean
{// Define private properties
private String zipcode;
private int currentTemp;
private int high;
private int low;
private String forecast;
4
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
public WeatherBean()
{ zipcode = "00000";
currentTemp = 0;
high = 0;
low = 0;
forecast = "Not available.";
}
3
5
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
public String getZipcode()
{ return zipcode; }
public void setZipcode(
String zip)
{ zipcode = zip; }
public int getCurrentTemp()
{ return currentTemp; }
6
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
public int getHigh()
{ return high; }
public int getLow()
{ return low; }
public String getForecast()
{ return forecast; }
4
7
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
public void update(String z)
{ zipcode = z;
if (zipcode.equals("06120"))
{
currentTemp = 70;
high = 72;
low = 50;
forecast = "Cloudy";
}
8
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
else if(zipcode.equals("11111"))
{ currentTemp = 30;
high = 32;
low = 10;
forecast = "Snowy";
}else if(zipcode.equals("22222"))
{ currentTemp = 90;
high = 92;
low = 80;
forecast = "Sunny"; }
5
9
WeatherBean WeatherBean
(cont.) (cont.)
else {
currentTemp = 70;
high = 72;
low = 50;
forecast = "Cloudy"; }
}
}
10
Advantages to Beans and Advantages to Beans and JSPs JSPs
1. 1. Java syntax is hidden. Java syntax is hidden.
Page authors can manipulate Java Page authors can manipulate Java
using XML syntax only using XML syntax only
Stronger separation between content Stronger separation between content
and presentation and presentation
Useful when developing with separate Useful when developing with separate
teams of HTML and Java developers teams of HTML and Java developers
2. 2. Simpler object sharing. Simpler object sharing.
Easy to share beans across pages in Easy to share beans across pages in
application application
6
11
Advantages to Beans and Advantages to Beans and JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
3. 3. Convenient mapping between Convenient mapping between
request parameters and object request parameters and object
properties. properties.
Bean constructs simplify the loading Bean constructs simplify the loading
of beans of beans
12
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
Beans are placed into a JSP page Beans are placed into a JSP page
using three Bean tags: using three Bean tags:
<jsp:useBean>
<jsp:setProperty>
<jsp:getProperty>
JSP also supports custom tags to JSP also supports custom tags to
provide more complex functionality. provide more complex functionality.
More in another segment More in another segment
7
13
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
Beans are loaded into a JSP page Beans are loaded into a JSP page
using the using the < <jsp:useBean jsp:useBean> > action: action:
<jsp:useBean id=beanname
class=package.Class />
<jsp:useBean id=wBean
class=heidic.WeatherBean />
(Usually) tells server to create (Usually) tells server to create
instance of bean and bind to id name. instance of bean and bind to id name.
Variable is in Variable is in _ _jspService jspService method of method of
servlet servlet
14
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
useBean useBean tag has attributes: tag has attributes:
1. 1. id id - - specifies unique name for bean. specifies unique name for bean.
Required Required
Must be unique to the page in which it Must be unique to the page in which it
is defined is defined
Is case sensitive Is case sensitive
First character must be a letter First character must be a letter
Only letters, numbers, and underscore Only letters, numbers, and underscore
allowed allowed
no spaces no spaces
8
15
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
2. 2. class class - - specifies class name of specifies class name of
JavaBean JavaBean. .
Required Required
Usually includes package designation Usually includes package designation
16
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
3. 3. type type - - allows you to refer to the bean allows you to refer to the bean
using a base class of the bean or an using a base class of the bean or an
interface that the bean implements. interface that the bean implements.
Throws Throws ClassCastException ClassCastException if actual if actual
class is not compatible with type class is not compatible with type
Not highly used Not highly used
<jsp:useBean id=mythread
class=MyClass
type=Runnable />
9
17
Using Beans With Using Beans With JSPs JSPs
(cont.) (cont.)
4. 4. beanName beanName - - used like used like class class attribute attribute
to refer to a bean. to refer to a bean.
Can refer either to class or to file Can refer either to class or to file
containing serialized bean object containing serialized bean object
5. 5. scope scope - - controls a bean controls a bean s s
accessibility and life span. accessibility and life span.
Valid values: Valid values: page page, , request request, , session session, ,
and and application application
18
Bean Properties Bean Properties
Once you have a bean, you can Once you have a bean, you can
access its properties using the access its properties using the
< <jsp:getProperty jsp:getProperty> > action: action:
<jsp:getProperty name=beanname
property=propname/>
<jsp:getProperty name=wBean
property=zipcode />
10
19
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
beanname beanname is name of bean. is name of bean.
property property must match property name must match property name
defined in bean. defined in bean.
Case sensitive Case sensitive
Must have previously created the Must have previously created the
bean via bean via < <jsp:useBean jsp:useBean> >
20
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
<jsp:useBean id=style
class=beans.MyStyle />
<html>
<body bgcolor=
<jsp:getProperty
name=style
property=color/> >
11
21
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
<center>
<img src=
<jsp:getProperty
name=style
property=logo/> >
</center>
</body>
</html>
22
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
<html>
<body bgcolor=red >
<center>
<img src=
http:\\www.mycorp.com\
logo.gif >
</center>
</body>
</html>
12
23
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
Note that we can use our bean Note that we can use our bean
variable in a JSP expression. variable in a JSP expression.
Provides us two ways of retrieving data Provides us two ways of retrieving data
When would we use each approach? When would we use each approach?
<jsp:getProperty
name=book
property=title / >
<%= book.getTitle() %>
24
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
To modify a bean To modify a bean s properties use: s properties use:
<jsp:setProperty
name=beanName
property=beanprop
value=newvalue / >
<jsp:setProperty
name=wBean
property=high
value=90 / >
13
25
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
Developer must have provided Developer must have provided
appropriate appropriate set set method for method for
property. property.
Could also use: Could also use:
<% wBean.setHigh(90); %>
Bean action tags are evaluated from Bean action tags are evaluated from
top to bottom of page. top to bottom of page.
26
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
Property values can be initialized Property values can be initialized
when creating a bean: when creating a bean:
<jsp:useBean id =wBean
class=heidic.WeatherBean>
<jsp:setProperty
name=weatherBean
property=zipcode
value=06120 />
</jsp:useBean>
14
27
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
The The value value and and name name attributes of attributes of
setProperty setProperty may hold request may hold request - -time time
expressions. expressions.
Use mix of single and double quotes Use mix of single and double quotes
<jsp:setProperty
name=wBean
property=zipcode
value=<%= request.
getParameter(zip) %> />
28
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
The The param param attribute may be used to attribute may be used to
directly associate a name to a form directly associate a name to a form
input parameter. input parameter.
Used in place of the Used in place of the value value parameter parameter
Parameter value automatically used as Parameter value automatically used as
value of property value of property
Simple type conversions performed Simple type conversions performed
automatically automatically
param param must exactly match input name must exactly match input name
15
29
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
Can be simplified if form element Can be simplified if form element
name and bean property match name and bean property match
exactly: exactly:
<jsp:setProperty name=wBean
property=currentTemp
param=currentTemp/>
<jsp:setProperty name=wBean
param=currentTemp/>
30
Bean Properties Bean Properties
(cont.) (cont.)
Automatic conversion supported for: Automatic conversion supported for:
boolean boolean, Boolean, byte, Byte, , Boolean, byte, Byte,
char, Character, double, Double, char, Character, double, Double,
int int, Integer, float, Float, , Integer, float, Float,
long, Long long, Long
Associate all properties with Associate all properties with
identically named input parameters: identically named input parameters:
Supply Supply * * for property parameter. for property parameter.
<jsp:setProperty name=entry
param=*/>
16
31
Bean Properties Bean Properties
Cautions Cautions
1. 1. System does not supply null for System does not supply null for
missing input parameters. missing input parameters.
Best to provide default value and Best to provide default value and
then attempt to set from parameter: then attempt to set from parameter:
<jsp:setProperty name=wBean
property=currentTemp
value=0/>
<jsp:setProperty name=Bean
param=currentTemp/>
32
Bean Properties Bean Properties
Cautions (cont.) Cautions (cont.)
2. Automatic type conversion does not
guard against illegal values as
effectively as manual type
conversion.
3. Property names and input
parameters are case sensitive.
17
33
Weather Example Weather Example
Look at Look at Weather Weather JSP example at: JSP example at:
http://www.rh.edu/~heidic/
webtech/examples.html
34
Weather Example Weather Example
weatherform.html weatherform.html
<html> <head>
<title> Heidi's Simple Page
to Test Beans and JSPs</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<h1> Testing Beans and JSPs
</h1>
When user enters their ...
18
35
Weather Example Weather Example
weatherform.html weatherform.html (cont.) (cont.)
<ul>
<li> 06120 (Hartford) </li>
<li> 11111 (Nome) </li>
<li> 22222 (Hawaii) </li>
</ul>
<form action="http://
facweb1.rh.edu/users/heidic/
jsp/weather.jsp">
36
Weather Example Weather Example
weatherform.html weatherform.html (cont.) (cont.)
Enter a new zipcode:
<input type="text" name="zip">
<input type="submit"
value="Submit your entry.">
<input type="reset"
value="Clear your entry.">
</form>
</body> </html>
19
37
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp
<html> <head>
<title> Heidi's Simple
Beans Test </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center>
<h1> Heidi's Test Page for
Simple Beans </h1>
</center>
38
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<h2>
This page tests using a simple
Weather JavaBean with a JSP.
</h2>
<jsp:useBean id="weatherBean"
scope="page"
class="heidic.WeatherBean" />
20
39
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<ul>
<li> Initial value of zipcode:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="zipcode" />
<li> Initial value of current
temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="currentTemp" />
40
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<li> High temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="high" />
<li> Low temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="low" />
21
41
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<li> Forecast:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="forecast" />
</ul>
<% weatherBean.update(
request.getParameter("zip"));%>
<h3>
. . after updating the weather:
42
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<ul>
<li> New value of zipcode:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="zipcode" />
<li> Current temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="currentTemp" />
22
43
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<li> High temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="high" />
<li> Low temperature:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="low" />
44
Weather Example Weather Example
weather.jsp weather.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<li> Forecast:
<jsp:getProperty
name="weatherBean"
property="forecast" />
</ul>
</body>
</html>
23
45
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
Up to this point, we Up to this point, we ve treated beans ve treated beans
as local variables. as local variables.
Every time page is requested, new Every time page is requested, new
instance of bean is created and used instance of bean is created and used
The The scope scope attribute controls bean attribute controls bean s s
accessibility and life span. accessibility and life span.
Determines which pages or parts of a Determines which pages or parts of a
Web application can access the bean Web application can access the bean
Determines how long a bean exists Determines how long a bean exists
scope scope has four possible values: has four possible values:
46
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
page page Scope Scope
1. 1. page page - - default value. default value.
Least accessible and shortest lived. Least accessible and shortest lived.
New instance of bean is created each New instance of bean is created each
time page is requested. time page is requested.
Beans not available to included or Beans not available to included or
forwarded pages. forwarded pages.
Good when bean does not need to Good when bean does not need to
persist between requests. persist between requests.
Good when bean does not need to be Good when bean does not need to be
shared. shared.
24
47
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
page page Scope (cont.) Scope (cont.)
Bean object is placed in Bean object is placed in
PageContext PageContext object for duration of object for duration of
current request. current request.
Beans can be retrieved by calling Beans can be retrieved by calling
getAttribute getAttribute on on pageContext pageContext
within within servlet servlet . .
<jsp:useBean
id="weatherBean" scope="page"
class="heidic.WeatherBean" />
48
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
request request Scope Scope
2. 2. request request
Accessibility extended to included Accessibility extended to included
and forwarded pages and forwarded pages
Bean put on Bean put on HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest
object for duration of request. object for duration of request.
Also being bound to local variable Also being bound to local variable
Access by Access by servlet servlet is via is via setAttribute setAttribute
on on HttpServletRequest HttpServletRequest
Allows Allows servlet servlet to create a bean and to create a bean and
pass it to JSP page. pass it to JSP page.
25
49
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
session session Scope Scope
3. 3. session session
Bean is placed in user Bean is placed in user s s session session
object ( object (HttpSession HttpSession). ).
Page must be participating in sessions Page must be participating in sessions
If not, causes error at translation time If not, causes error at translation time
Access by Access by servlet servlet via via
session.getAttribute session.getAttribute method. method.
Bean is available to any other JSP or Bean is available to any other JSP or
servlet servlet on server. on server.
< <jsp:useBean jsp:useBean> > finds existing bean finds existing bean
that matches id that matches id
50
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
session session Scope (cont.) Scope (cont.)
JSP container determines length of JSP container determines length of
time a session bean exists. time a session bean exists.
Typically a few hours Typically a few hours
Session beans useful for: Session beans useful for:
Collecting information through a user Collecting information through a user s s
visit to site visit to site
Caching information frequently needed Caching information frequently needed
at page level at page level
Passing information from page to page Passing information from page to page
with low processing time with low processing time
26
51
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
application application Scope Scope
4. 4. application application
Broadest lifecycle and availability. Broadest lifecycle and availability.
Stores information useful across Stores information useful across
entire application. entire application.
Beans are associated with a given Beans are associated with a given
JSP application on server. JSP application on server.
Stored in Stored in ServletContext ServletContext object. object.
Retrieved by Retrieved by servlet servlet via via
application.getAttribute application.getAttribute method method
Exist for life of JSP container. Exist for life of JSP container.
i.e., until server shuts down i.e., until server shuts down
52
Sharing Beans Sharing Beans
application application Scope (cont.) Scope (cont.)
Bean shared by all application users. Bean shared by all application users.
Must not depend on configuration of Must not depend on configuration of
any page any page
Changing a property will instantly affect Changing a property will instantly affect
all JSP pages which reference the bean all JSP pages which reference the bean
Make sure that bean is placed into Make sure that bean is placed into
application application scope before any scope before any
dependent beans dependent beans
Application bean provides simple Application bean provides simple
mechanism for multiple mechanism for multiple servlets servlets and and
JSPs JSPs to access the same object. to access the same object.
27
53
Timer Example Timer Example
Look at Look at Timer Timer JSP example at: JSP example at:
http://www.rh.edu/~heidic/
webtech/examples.html
54
Timer Example Timer Example
TimerBean.java TimerBean.java
package heidic;
public class TimerBean
{
private long startTime;
public TimerBean()
{startTime =
System.currentTimeMillis();
}
28
55
Timer Example Timer Example
TimerBean.java TimerBean.java (cont.) (cont.)
public long getElapsedMillis()
{long now =
System.currentTimeMillis();
return now - startTime;
}
public long getElapsedSeconds()
{ return (long)this.
getElapsedMillis()/1000;
}
56
Timer Example Timer Example
TimerBean.java TimerBean.java (cont.) (cont.)
public long getElapsedMinutes()
{return (long)this.
getElapsedMillis()/60000;
}
public void reset()
{startTime =
System.currentTimeMillis();
}
29
57
Timer Example Timer Example
TimerBean.java TimerBean.java (cont.) (cont.)
public long getStartTime()
{ return startTime; }
public void
setStartTime(long time)
{if (time < 0)
reset();
else startTime = time;
} } //End of class
58
Timer Example Timer Example
starttimer.jsp starttimer.jsp
<html> <head>
<title> Heidi's Sharing
Beans Test </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center>
<h1> Heidi's Test for
Sharing Beans with JSP </h1>
</center>
30
59
Timer Example Timer Example
starttimer.jsp starttimer.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<h2>This page tests starting a
Timer bean from a JSP.</h2>
<jsp:useBean id="timerBean"
scope="session"
class="heidic.TimerBean" >
<jsp:setProperty
name="timerBean"
property="startTime"
value="-1" />
</jsp:useBean>
60
Timer Example Timer Example
starttimer.jsp starttimer.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
Elapsed time (minutes):
<jsp:getProperty
name="timerBean"
property="elapsedMinutes" />
Elapsed time (seconds):
<jsp:getProperty
name="timerBean"
property="elapsedSeconds" />
</body> </html>
31
61
Timer Example Timer Example
usetimer.jsp usetimer.jsp
<html> <head>
<title> Heidi's Sharing Beans
Test </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center>
<h1> Heidi's Test for Sharing
Beans with JSP </h1>
</center>
62
Timer Example Timer Example
usetimer.jsp usetimer.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
<h2>Page tests sharing existing
Timer bean from a JSP.</h2>
<jsp:useBean
id="timerBean" scope="session
class="heidic.TimerBean" />
Current elapsed seconds:
<jsp:getProperty
name="timerBean"
property="elapsedSeconds" />
32
63
Timer Example Timer Example
usetimer.jsp usetimer.jsp (cont.) (cont.)
Elapsed time (minutes):
<jsp:getProperty
name="timerBean"
property="elapsedMinutes" />
</body>
</html>
64
Workshop 1 Workshop 1
JSP and Beans JSP and Beans
Create an JSP which loads Create an JSP which loads
information into a information into a JavaBean JavaBean and and
redisplays the information. redisplays the information.
1. 1. Create a JSP that prompts the user Create a JSP that prompts the user
for their name and address. for their name and address.
2. 2. Within the JSP, create a Within the JSP, create a JavaBean JavaBean to to
hold the name and address. hold the name and address.
3. 3. Redisplay the name and address Redisplay the name and address
information from the information from the JavaBean JavaBean later later
in the JSP. in the JSP.