a

c
b
FORMULA SHEET FOR ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
INDICES AND LOGARITHM
Basic of Index and Logarithm
1. y x a y
a
x
log = =
Rules of Index
1.
n m n m
a a a
+
=
5. 0 , =

b
b
a
b
a
n
n
n
2.
n m
n
m
a
a
a

=
6. 0 ,
1
=

a
a
a
n
n
3.
( )
mn
n
m
a a =
. n m
n
m
a a =
!. ( )
n n n
b a ab =
Rules of Logarithm
1. N M MN
a a a
log log log + =
2. N M
N
M
a a a
log log log =
3. N P N
a
P
a
log log =
MEASUREMENT
"rc Length of a #ircle
r s =

"rea of a $ector

2
2
1
r A =
"rea of a $egment
sin
2
1
2
1
2 2
r r A =
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
#%linder &
2
2 2 r rh A + =

h r V
2
=
#one &
2
r rs A + =
h r V
2
3
1
=
$'here &
2
! r A =

3
3
!
r V =
(%ramid & " ) area of four triangles * area of base
+ ) ,1-3. x , area of base. x ,height.
FORMULA OF TRIANGLE
$ine Rules
C
c
B
b
A
a
sin sin sin
= =
#osine Rules a
2
) b
2
*c
2
/ 2bc cos "
"rea of 0riangle )
2
1
a b sin #
GRAPH
y = ax
2
+ bx + c , 0 a
1 2
1 2
x x
y y
m

=
y = mx + c
Mid point =

+ +
2
,
2
2 1 2 1
y y x x
Distance =
2
1 2
2
1 2
. , . , y y x x +
a
b
x Vertex
2
, =
TRIGONOMETRY
(%thagoras1 0heorem
c
2
) a
2
* b
2
#om'ound2angle
sin ," 3 B. ) sin " cos B 3 cos " sin B
cos ," 3 B. ) cos " cos B

sin " sin B

tan ," 3 B. ) tan " 3 tan B
1

tan " tan B

4ouble2angle
sin 2" ) 2 sin " cos "
cos 2" ) cos
2
" / sin
2
"
) 1 / 2 sin
2
"
) 2 cos
2
" / 1
tan 2" ) 2 tan "
1 / tan
2
"
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION
1.
a
ac b b
x
2
!
2

=
2. 0
2 2
2 2
= +

+ c
b b
x
r
5

s
0rigonometric Identities
tan 6 ) sin 6
cos 6
cos
2
6 * sin
2
6 ) 1
1 * tan
2
6 ) sec
2
6
1 * cot
2
6 ) cosec
2
6
6