08.08.26 VariableAirHVACPresentation

American Standard, Inc.
2000 - All Rights Reserved File Name - Page 1

Version: 9/00
VAV Systems
Jeff Wotnosky
Trane Sales Engineer
Raleigh, North Carolina
American Standard, Inc. 2000 - All Rights Reserved File Name - Page 2
Version: 9/00
VAV systems
Agenda
What is Variable Air Volume (VAV)
Why(/Not) design VAV systems
What buildings utilize VAV
VAV system types and their components

Changeover Bypass ( Varitrac)
True VAV ( Varitrane)
Single Zone VAV

System control considerations
Leed and VAV
Questions?
Version: 9/00
What is Variable Air Volume(VAV)
?

Version: 9/00
VAV System
Air handler/Packaged Unit

building
automation
system (BAS)
VAV
terminal
units
supply
ductwork
return
ductwork
supply-air
diffusers
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Characterstics of VAV systems

Constant air temperature off AC Unit

Vary the air volume as load requires

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Why use VAV?

Provides multiple zones of comfort

Life cycle cost will be less than other HVAC Systems trying
to accomplish similar comfort levels

Load diversity
Smaller equipment ( lower AC unit first cost compared to
Constant Volume)
Less supply air ( less energy consumption)

Able to adapt to changes in building use

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Why Not ??

Higher first cost than comparable single zone
Controls, equipment, commissioning

Increased maintenance cost
More pieces to look after
Terminal units might be located in occupied space

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Common places to use VAV systems

Commercial/Medical Office buildings
Schools ( all levels)
Houses of worship
Conference Centers

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VAV System Types

Changeover Bypass (Varitrac)
True VAV (Varitrane)
Single Zone VAV

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VariTrac Changeover / Bypass System
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Cost Effective way to zone Standard packaged
Rooftop units or Split Systems
Often Driven by Light Commercial contractors:
Used to Package Rooftop Equipment
Desire somewhat simple installations and want to get on
and off the job quickly.
Want to get a little more flexibility than their typical
applications

What is VariTrac?
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Changeover/Bypass VAV
System Layout
EA
OA
RA
Constant volume
Supply fan
VariTrac
damper
PA
bypass damper
VAV to space SA
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Where would you use VariTrac?
Ideal candidates for VariTrac Systems
are:
one-story office buildings, clinics, movie
theaters, strip malls, light manufacturing
centers.
Examples are offices within a church, school,
or manufacturing facility seeking individual
(zoned) temperature control.
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Light Commerical RTU
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Light Commercial Split System
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VariTrac Changeover Bypass
System
Main unit options:
-Voyager or Precedent RTU (ReliaTel)
-Odyssey Split System (ReliaTel)
-Existing Non-DDC w/opt. relay board (CCP)

VaiTrac or VariTrane
Units with reheat
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Cooling only standard
Trane Controller
Factory-installed, downloaded, and
tested controller
Remote reheat control
Round or Rectangular
Airside
Pressure Dependent System
(damper position control- no direct
CFM measurement)
Up to 1.75 system pressure

VariTrac Dampers
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Central Control Panel
Self-Configuring
High Quality Installation
Repeatable Performance
Up to 24 Zones
Optional touch screen user interface
PC-Free Setup for basic functions
Simple PC interface with Windows based
software
Interfaces with Main AHU via 2H/2C Control
Scheduling
2 Start/Stop Times
Schedule 4 Groups of Zones

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How is changeover achieved?
Voting
CCP polls UCMs

On a minimum calls for changeover the
CCP will disable heat or cool and enable
heat or cool

CCP then communicates to UCMs new
control mode and UCMs control to
different setpoints
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True VAV System (Varitrane)
Air handler/Packaged Unit

building
automation
system (BAS)
VAV
terminal
units
supply
ductwork
return
ductwork
supply-air
diffusers
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True Variable-Air-Volume System
EA
OA
RA
variable-
speed drive
supply
fan
cooling
coil
thermostat
VAV
box
PA
SA
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VAV Terminal Units
Fan-powered
VAV terminal unit
Dual-duct
VAV terminal unit
Single-duct, cooling-
only
VAV terminal unit
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VCCF
Single duct
Cooling only
No auxiliary heat

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VCCF
primary
air
supply
air
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VCWF
Single Duct w/hot water
reheat
Hot Water Coils
1 & 2 row coils
Built in access panel for
cleaning

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VCWF
primary
air
supply
air
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VCEF
Single duct w/electric
reheat
8 different voltages
Up to 3 stages of heat
Interlocking door
disconnect
Heater line fuse
Magnetic or mercury
contactors
Element removal
through control
enclosure

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Terminal Reheat System
EA
PA
OA
RA
supply
fan
cooling
coil
reheat
coil
thermostat
SA
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parallel,
fan-powered VAV
terminal unit

Fan-Powered VAV
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Parallel, Fan-Powered
primary
air
supply
air
terminal
mixing fan
plenum
air
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Parallel Fan-Powered VAV
cool primary air
from rooftop unit
warm air recirculated
from ceiling plenum
(first stage of heat)
heating coil
(second stage of heat)
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supply
air
terminal
mixing fan
plenum
air
Series, Fan-Powered

(Electrically Commutated Motors ECMs )
primary
air
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Parallel vs. Series
Intermittent fan
Fan only runs in the
heat mode (Variable
Volume to the space)
Fan is the first stage of
heat
Fan CFM < Max Cooling
Most energy efficient
design
Sound in space will vary

Continuous fan
Fan runs continuously
in the occupied mode
(constant volume to the
space)
Fan CFM = Max Cooling
Less energy efficient
system design
Smaller main supply
fan?
ECM Motors
Sound remains same
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fan-powered VAV
Series Versus Parallel
Minneapolis Los Angeles Atlanta
40
60
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100
120
140
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parallel FPVAV VAV reheat series FPVAV with ECM
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Fan Powered Units: Cooling
Only
Plenum Air provides
free reheat from
lights, etc.
Parallel units (only
when fan energized)
Series (increases as air
valve closes)
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with Hot Water Reheat
Model VPWF/LPWF (Parallel)
Reheat coil mounted on plenum
inlet (optional discharge)
Model VSWF, LSWF (Series)
Reheat coil mounted on
discharge
Coil Offerings
1 Row
2 Row

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with Electric Reheat
Model VPEF / LPEF(Parallel)
Discharge mounted
UL listed

Model VSEF/ LSEF (Series)
Discharge mounted
UL listed
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Fan Powered Units: Electric
Heater Options
8 different voltages
2 stages of heat (plus the
fan as stage 1)
Interlocking door
disconnect
Heater line fuse
Air flow switch
Magnetic or mercury
contactors
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Differences between VariTrac
and VariTrane
VariTrac
Used in Smaller buildings seeking cost-effective zone control
Simpler System Control
Less expensive than VariTrane
Smaller Constant Volume AHU/RTU (Typically 15 tons or less)
Up to 24 zones
Pressure Dependent

VariTrane
Used in Larger Buildings seeking ideal occupant comfort
Very Flexible System Control (more complex sequences)
Larger Variable Volume AHU/RTU equipment (up to 130 Tons)
Up to 120+ zones
30% fan energy savings over CV
Pressure Independent

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VAV System Types

Single Zone VAV

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Single Zone VAV

AHU is your VAV Box !!

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Application for Single Zone VAV

Large areas ( conference rooms, assembly halls)

Control air flow off room sensor

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Controls

Unit controls

System controls

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Unit Controls

Pneumatic Controls - about 5%
(PN**)
No- controls- field installation of others controllers-
about 5% (ENON)
Factory Installation of others Controls- about 20%
(FM0*)
DDC Controls - around 70% (DD**)
Trane DDC (Communicates to a Trane-Trane-Trane
System)
Trane LonTalk DDC (designed to talk a language which is
not proprietary to Trane)
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VAV systems
Optimized System Controls
Optimal start
Optimal stop
Fan-pressure optimization
Supply-air-temperature reset
Ventilation optimization
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occupied hours

Optimal Start
6 AM noon 6 PM mid mid
system
on
system
off
occupied
heating
setpoint
unoccupied
heating
setpoint
optimal
start
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occupied hours

Optimal Stop
6 AM noon 6 PM mid mid
system
on
system
off
optimal
stop
drift below
occupied
setpoint
occupied
heating
setpoint
unoccupied
heating
setpoint
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communicating BAS
VAV boxes
static
pressure
sensor
P
supply
fan
Fan-Pressure Optimization
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surge
fan-pressure optimization
Part-Load Energy Savings
airflow
s
t
a
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p
r
e
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s
u
r
e

fan-pressure
optimization
duct static
pressure control
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ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004
Dynamic Reset of OA
May reset OA intake flow (or zone OA flow)
in response to:
Variations in zone population
(demand-controlled ventilation, or DCV)
Variations in ventilation efficiency
due to changes in airflow
(ventilation reset)
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ventilation optimization
Zone Level: DCV
lounge rest
room
storage office
office conference rm computer room reception area
e
l
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v
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r
s

vestibule corridor
CO
2
CO
2
mech
room
OCC
OCC
AHU
BAS
TOD TOD
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ventilation optimization
System Level: Ventilation Reset
OA
CO
2
OCC OCC
Required ventilation (TOD, OCC, CO
2
)
Actual primary airflow (flow sensor)
DDC/VAV terminals
SA RA
rooftop unit
with controls
Reset outdoor airflow (Traq damper)
communicating BAS
New OA setpoint
per ASHRAE 62
CO
2
TOD TOD
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rooftop VAV system
HVAC Energy Savings
Minneapolis Los Angeles Atlanta
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100
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optimized controls conventional system
Version: 9/00
Trane Control Systems Architecture
Building
Control Unit
AH541
MP580/1
Central
Control Panel 2
MP501/3
ReliaTel
ZN5XX
VV550
Tracer Summit
(Workstation Software)
Tracker
ZN517
ZN510/1
ZN524
Central
Control Panel 3
ReliaTel
MP503
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VAV systems
Sustaining Performance
Centralized alarming, diagnostics, trending
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VAV systems
Building operations, energy management,
commissioning, validation
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VAV systems
Facility management services
Periodic commissioning and calibration
parallel, fan-powered
VAV terminal unit
Version: 9/00
VAV systems
Facility management services
Periodic commissioning and calibration
Wireless zone sensors
for flexibility
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EA credit 1: Optimize
Energy Performance
TRACE 700
(90.1-2004, App G)

EQ credit 1: Outdoor-Air
Delivery Monitoring

Ventilation optimization
in Tracer Summit
CO
2
sensors only in
densely-occupied zones
Traq dampers in IntelliPak
rooftop unit
Version: 9/00
Summary
What is Variable Air Volume (VAV)
Why(/Not) design VAV systems
What buildings utilize VAV
VAV system types and their components
Changeover Bypass ( Varitrac)
True VAV ( Varitrane)
Single Zone VAV

System control considerations
Leed and VAV

Version: 9/00
VAV systems

QUESTIONS ??

Version: 9/00
VAV systems

THANK YOU

Jeff Wotnosky Trane Company

919-781-0458

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American Standard, Inc.

2000 - All Rights Reserved File Name - Page 1

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