focus of the workshop, and this paper, is on three policy instruments (voluntary approaches, taxes and

trading), their application in various OECD memb

er countries including their effectiveness and
interaction in the policy mix, impacts on competitiveness, case studies from industry in reducing
emissions, as well as partnerships between industry and other stakeholders to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. The workshop also included a discussion on competitiveness issues emerging from GHG
policy. The workshop facilitated a frank exchange with industry, environmental NGOs and government in
an open and constructive setting and offered a range of suggestions for improving the performance of GHG
policies in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industry.