Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ust Golden Notes On Family Relation
Ust Golden Notes On Family Relation
I.EFFECTANDAPPLICATIONOFLAWS
1
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.WHENLAWTAKESEFFECT
Q:WhendidtheCivilCodetakeeffect?
A:August30,1950
Q:Whendolawstakeeffect?
A:Lawstakeeffect:
GR:After15daysfollowingthecompletionof
its publication in the official gazette or
newspaperofgeneralcirculation.
XPN:unlessotherwiseprovidedbythelaw.
A:15dayperiodmaybelengthenedorshortened
by Congress. The exception refers to the 15day
period, not the requirement of publication,
publicationbeingmandatedbydueprocess.
Publicationisindispensableineverycase,butthe
legislature may in its discretion provide that the
usual fifteenday period shall be shortened or
extended.
RULESONPUBLICATION
Q:Arealllawsrequiredtobepublished?
A:
GR:Yes.Publicationisindispensable.
XPN:
1. Municipal Ordinances (governed by the
Local Government Code not the Civil
Code)
2. Rules and regulations that are internal
innature.
3. Letters of Instruction issued by
administrative supervisors on internal
rulesandguidelines.
4. Interpretative regulations regulating
only the personnel of administrative
agency.
A:No.OMBDOJCircularNo.95001ismerelyan
internal circular between the two offices which
outlines the authority and responsibilities among
prosecutors of the DOJ and of the Office of the
Ombudsman in the conduct of preliminary
investigations. It does not contain any penal
provision nor prescribe a mandatory act or
prohibit any under pain of penalty. Further, it
does not regulate the conduct of persons or the
public, in general. As such therefore, it need not
be published. (Honasan, II v. The Panel of
Investigating Prosecutors of the Department of
Justice,G.R.No.159747,Jun.15,2004)
2
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
A:
1. It is published within the courts
jurisdiction
2. Published for disseminating local news
andgeneralinformation.
3. It has a bona fide subscription list of
payingsubscribers
4. Not merely caters to a specific class of
persons.
5. Itispublishedatregularintervals.
B.IGNORANCEOFTHELAW
A:
MISTAKEOFFACT MISTAKEOFLAW
Wantofknowledgeof
somefactorfacts
constitutingorrelating
tothesubjectmatterin
hand.
Wantofknowledgeor
acquaintancewiththe
lawsofthelandinsofar
astheyapplytotheact,
relation,duty,ormatter
underconsideration.
Whensomefactswhich
reallyexistareunknown
orsomefactis
supposedtoexistwhich
reallydoesnotexist.
Occurswhenaperson
havingfullknowledgeof
thefactscometoan
erroneousconclusionas
toitslegaleffects
Goodfaithisanexcuse
Notexcusable,evenifin
goodfaith
Note:Ignoranceofaforeignlawisamistakeoffact
IsEduardoliableforthecrimeofbigamy?
Q:Whatistheruleasregardsdifficultquestions
oflaw?
C.RETROACTIVITYOFLAWS
Q:Dolawshaveretroactiveeffect?
A:
GR:Lawsshallhavenoretroactiveeffect.
XPN:TINCREEP
1. Taxlaws
2. Interpretativestatutes
3. LawscreatingNewRights
4. CurativeStatutes
5. Remedial/procedural
6. EmergencyLaws
7. WhenExpresslyprovided
8. Penal laws favorable to the accused
provided, accused is not a habitual
criminal
Note:Incaseofdoubt:lawsapplyprospectively,not
retroactively.
D.MANDATORYORPROHIBITORYLAWS
A:
GR:Actsthatarecontrarytotheprovisionsof
mandatory and proibitory law are void. (Art.
5,NCC)
XPN:Wherethelaw:
1. Makes the act valid but punishes the
violator,
e.g. Marriage solemnized by a person
notauthorizedtodoso;
2. Itselfauthorizesitsvalidity;
3. Makestheactmerelyvoidablei.e.valid
untilannulled;
4. Declares the nullity of an act but
recognizes its effects as legally existing,
e.g. Child born after the annulment of
marriageisconsideredlegitimate.
E.WAIVEROFRIGHTS
Q:Whatisaright?
Q:Whatarethekindsofrights?Distinguish.
A:
1. Natural Rights Those which grow out
of the nature of man and depend upon
personality.
2. PoliticalRightsConsistinthepowerto
participate, directly or indirectly, in the
establishment or administration of
government.
Q:Mayrightsbewaived?
A:
GR:Yes.
XPN:
1. Ifwaiveris:
a. Contrarytolaw,publicorder,
publicpolicy,moralsorgood
customs.
b. Prejudicialtoathirdperson
witharightrecognizedby
law.
2. Iftherightis:
a. Anaturalright,suchasright
tolife.
b. Inchoate,suchasfuture
inheritance.
Q:Whataretheelementsofwaiverofrights?
A:EKI
1. MustbeanExistingright
2. The one waiving such right must have
Knowledgeofevidencethereof
3. Intention to relinquish said right.
(Valderamma v. Macalde, G.R.
No.165005,Sept.16,2005)
Q:Whataretherequisitesofavalidwaiver?
A:AFCUNF
1. Waiving party must Actually have the
rightheisrenouncing.
2. HemusthaveFullcapacityto makethe
waiver
3. WaivermustbeClearandUnequivocal
4. Waiver must Not be contrary to law,
publicorder,publicmorals,etc.
5. When Formalities are required, they
mustbecompliedwith.
F.REPEALOFLAWS
Q:Whatarethekindsofrepeal?Distinguish.
A:Repealmaybeexpressorimplied.Itisexpress
if the law expressly provides for such. On the
other hand, it is implied when the provisions of
the subsequent law are incompatible or
inconsistentwiththoseofthepreviouslaw.
Q:Whataretherequisitesofimpliedrepeal?
A:
1. Lawscoverthesamesubjectmatter
2. Latterisrepugnanttotheearlier
Q:Whatistheruleonrepealofrepealinglaws?
A:Itdependsuponhowtheoldlawisrepealedby
therepealinglaw:
G.JUDICIALDECISIONS
A:
GR: As of the date of the enactment of said
law. This is so because the Supreme Courts
interpretation merely establishes the
contemporaneous legislative intent that the
construedlawpurportstocarryintoeffect.
Q:Explaintheconceptofstaredecisis.
Note:Thisdoctrinehoweverisnotinflexible,sothat
when in the light of changing conditions, a rule has
ceased to be beneficial to the society, courts may
departfromit.
5
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
H.DUTYTORENDERJUDGMENT
I.PRESUMPTIONANDAPPLICABILITYOF
CUSTOM
Q:Whatarecustoms?
A:Thesearerulesofconduct,legallybindingand
obligatory,formedbyrepetitionofactsuniformly
observedasasocialrule.
Q:Howarecustomsproved?
A:
GR:Mustbeprovedasafact,accordingtothe
rulesonevidence.
Q:Whataretherequisitestomakeacustoman
obligatoryrule?
A:PTOP
1. PluralityorRepetitionofacts
2. PracticedforalongperiodofTime
3. The community accepts it as a proper
wayofacting,suchthatitisconsidered
Obligatoryuponall.
4. Practicedbythegreatmassofthesocial
group.
Q:Maycourtsapplycustomsindecidingcases?
A:
1. In civil cases, customs may be applied
by the courts in cases where the
applicablelawis:SOI
a. Silent
b. Obscure
c. Insufficient
Provided said customs are not contrary
tolaw,publicmorals,etc.
J.LEGALPERIODSS
Q:Howdoyoucomputetheperiods?
A:Year365days
Month30days
Day24hours
Nighttimefromsunsettosunrise
Note:Month:ifdesignatedbyitsname:computeby
thenumberofdayswhichitrespectivelyhas.
Calendarweek:SundaytoSaturday
Q:Whatisthemannerofcountingperiods?
A:Excludethefirst,includethelast;
e.g.Calendardays,notleapyear:
Dateofcommission=September3,2005
Prescriptiveperiod=90daysfromcommission
3+90=93
1. Prescribedorallowedby:ROO
a. theRulesofCourt
b. anOrderofthecourt;or
c. anyOtherapplicablestatute
K.APPLICABILITYOFPENALLAWS
GR:TerritorialityruleObligatorytoall
who live or sojourn in Philippine
territory.(Art.2,RPC)
3. RealStatutesLawsonProperty
GR:LexReiSitaeRealpropertyaswell
as personal property is subject to the
law of the country where it is situated.
(Art.16)
XPN:LexNationaliiNationallawofthe
person whose succession is under
consideration, applies to:
Testate/Intestate Succession as to 3
thingsonly:OAI
a. Orderofsuccession
b. Amountofsuccessionalrights
c. Intrinsic validity of the
testamentaryprovisions.
7
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Note:Theenumerationaboveisgoverned
by the national law of the decedent,
regardlessofplaceofdeath.
GR:Lexlocicelebrationis(Art.17)forms
and solemnities of contracts, wills and
other public instruments shall be
governed by the laws of the country in
whichtheyareexecuted
Q:Whatisalaw?
A:Asregardsprohibitivelaws:
GR:Prohibitivelawsconcerningpersons,their
acts, or property and laws which have for
theirobjectpublicorder,publicpolicyorgood
customsarenotrenderedineffectivebylaws,
judgments promulgated or conventions
agreeduponinforeigncountry.
XPN:Art26,par.2oftheFamilyCode(FC),on
mixed marriages where the foreigner
obtained a divorce decree abroad and was
therebycapacitatedtoremarry.
L.CONFLICTOFLAWS,RELATIVETODIVORCE
8
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
Istheclauseabovequotedvalid?
Saidclauseiscontrarytolawbecauseitexpressly
ignores the testator's national law when,
according to article 10 of the Civil Code, such
national law of the testator is the one to govern
histestamentarydispositions.Saidconditionthen
is considered unwritten, hence the institution of
legatees is unconditional and consequently valid
andeffective.
Q:Explainthefollowingdoctrines:
A:
1. Renvoi Doctrine(referring back)
Renvoi takes place when the conflicts
rule of the forum makes a reference to
a foreign law, but the foreign law is
found to contain a conflict rule that
returnsorrefersthematterbacktothe
lawoftheforum(Remission).
4. DoctrineofOperativeFactsActsdone
pursuant to a law which was
subsequently declared unconstitutional
remainvalid,butnotwhentheactsare
done after the declaration of
unconstitutionality.
HUMAN RELATIONS
HUMANRELATIONS
9
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.BREACHOFPROMISETOMARRY
A:
GR:No,abreachofpromisetomarryperseinnot
an actionable wrong. There is no provision of the
Civil Code authorizing an action for breach of
promisetomarry.
2. Whereoneformallysetsaweddingand
go through and spend for all the
preparations and publicity, only to walk
out of it when the matrimony was
about to be solemnized.( Wassmer v.
Velez, G.R. No. L20089 , December 26,
1964)
10
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
(Hermosisimav.CA,G.R.No.L14628,September
30,1960)
A:LCI
1. thereisanactwhichisLegal
2. but which is Contrary to morals, good
customs,publicorderorpolicy
3. theactisdonewithIntenttoinjure.
Note:Art.21dealswithactscontrabonusmoresor
contrary to good morals and presupposes loss or
injury, material or otherwise, which one may suffer
asaresultofsuchviolation
11
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.CAPACITYTOACT
1.CIVILPERSONALITY
A:
JURIDICALCAPACITY CAPACITYTOACT
Definition
Fitnesstobethe
subjectoflegal
relations
Powertodoactswith
legaleffect
Acquisition
Inherent(coexists
withthenatural
person)
Throughthefulfillment
ofspecificlegalactivities
Loss
Onlythroughdeath
Throughdeathandother
causes
Inrelationtotheother
Canexistwithout
capacitytoact
Cannotexistw/ojuridical
capacity
Limitation
None
Art.38(restriction)
Art.39(modification/
limitation),
amongothers
2.RESTRICTIONSONCAPACITYTOACT
Q:Whataretherestrictionsoncapacitytoact?
A:MIDIPC
1. Minority,
2. Insanity,
3. Deafmute,
4. Imbecility,
5. Prodigality,
6. CivilInterdiction
A:IPAIDFATPIA
1. Insanity
2. Prodigality
3. Age
4. Imbecility
5. DeafMute
6. FamilyRelations
7. Alienage
8. Trusteeship
9. Penalty
10. Insolvency
11. Absence
Q:Howdoescivilpersonalitycease?
A:Itdependsupontheclassificationofpersons:
1. Naturalpersonsbydeath
2. Juridical persons by termination of
existence
3.BIRTH
A:
GR: Actual / Permanent Personality
Personalitybeginsatbirth;notatconception
A:No.Onlyforpurposesbeneficialandfavorable
toit.
Q:Explainthemeaningoftheclause:Bornlater
inaccordancewithlaw.
A:Afetuswithanintrauterinelifeof:
Q:Doestheconceivedchildhavetherighttobe
acknowledgedevenifitisstillconceived?
A:Yes.Itisauniversalruleofjurisprudencethata
child,uponbeingconceived,becomesabearerof
legalrightsandiscapableofbeingdealtwithasa
living person. The fact that it is yet unborn is no
impediment to the acquisition of rights provided
it be born later in accordance with Law (De Jesus
v.Syquia,G.R.No.L39110,Nov.28,1933).
4.DEATH
Q:Howdoescivilpersonalitycease?
A:Itdependsupontheclassificationofpersons:
1. Naturalpersonsbydeath
2. Juridicalpersonsbyterminationof
existence
A:Itdependsonwhetherthepartiesarecalledto
succeedeachother.
12
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
A:No,WilmacannotsuccessfullyclaimthatWilly
hadahereditaryshareinhisfathersestate.
Underthispresumption,thepersonbetweenthe
agesof15and60isdeemedtohavesurvivedone
whoseagewasover60atthetimeoftheir
deaths.TheestateofWillyendowedwithjuridical
personalitystandsinplaceandsteadofWilly,as
beneficiary.(1998BarQuestion)
A.COMPARISONOFART.43ANDRULE131
SURVIVORSHIPRULEUNDERCIVILCODE
Absentsuchproof:Presumptionistheyalldiedat
the same time. There shall be no transmission of
successionalrights.
Q:Whataretheconditionsthatmaywarrantthe
applicationofthesurvivorshiprule?
PRESUMPTIONSONSURVIVORSHIPUNDERTHE
RULESOFCOURT
A:TheRulesofCourtprovidethat:
1. whentwoormorepersons
2. perishinthesamecalamityand
3. itisnotshownwhodiedfirst,and
Thesurvivorshipshallbedeterminedfromthe
probabilitiesresultingfromthestrengthandage
ofthesexesaccordingtothefollowingrules:
13
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Age/Sexofdecedentsatthe
timeofdeath
Whopresumed
tohave
survived DecedentA DecedentB
Under15 Under15 Older
Above60 Above60 Younger
Under15 Above60
Under15
(younger)
Above15
BUTunder
60
Above15BUT
under60
Differentsexes
male
Samesex
Older
Under15
ORover60
Between15
and60
Between15and
60
Q:Dothestatutoryrulesinthedeterminationof
sequence of death absolutely apply in a case
where indirect and/or inferential evidence
surrounding the circumstances of the deaths
exists?
A:No.Itismanifestfromthelanguageofsection
69 (ii) of Rule 123 and that of the foregoing
decision that the evidence of the survivorship
need not be direct; it may be indirect,
circumstantial, or inferential. Where there are
facts, known or knowable, from which a rational
conclusion can be made, the presumption does
not step in, and the rule of preponderance of
evidence controls. It is the "particular
circumstancesfromwhichit(survivorship)canbe
inferred"thatarerequiredtobecertainastested
by the rules of evidence. It is enough that "the
circumstances by which it is sought to prove the
survivorship must be such as are competent and
sufficient when tested by the general rules of
evidence in civil cases." (Joaquin v. Navarro, G.R.
No.L5426,May29,1953)
14
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
B.DOMICILEANDRESIDENCEOFPERSON
A:Hisplaceofhabitualresidence.
Q:Whereisthedomicileofjuridicalpersons?
A:
1. Theplacefixedbythelawcreatingor
recognizingthejuridicalperson
2. In the absence thereof, the place
where their legal representation is
established or where they exercise
theirprincipalfunctions.
II.MARRIAGE
Q:Whatismarriage?
A.REQUISITES
1.NATUREOFMARRIAGE
Q: What is meant by the law when it declares
marriageasaninviolablesocialinstitution?
Q:Distinguishmarriagefromordinarycontract.
A:
MARRIAGE ORDINARYCONTRACT
Asacontract
Specialcontract
Merelyacontract
Socialinstitution
Applicablelaw
Governedbythelaw
onmarriage
Governedbythelaw
oncontracts
Righttostipulate
GR: Not subject to
stipulation
XPN: Property
relations in marriage
settlements
Generallysubjectto
stipulations
Capacitytocontract
Legalcapacityrequired
Minorsmaycontract
thrutheirparentsor
guiardiansorinsome
instances,by
themselves
Genderrequirement
Contractingparties
mustonlybetwo
personsofopposite
sexes
Contractingparties
maybetwoormore
personsregardlessof
sex
Dissolutionbyagreement
Dissolvedonlyby
deathorannulment,
neverbymutual
agreement
Canbedissolvedby
mutualagreement
amongothers.
2.KINDOFREQUISITES
ESSENTIALREQUISITES
Q:Whataretheessentialrequisitesofmarriage?
A:
1. Legalcapacityofthecontractingparties
whomustbeamaleandafemale
2. Consent freelygiven in the presence of
thesolemnizingofficer
A:ASI
1. Ageatleast18yrs
2. Sexbetweenmaleandfemale
3. Lackoflegalimpedimenttomarry
15
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A:Yes,dependingupontheageofthecontracting
party.
AGE
ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
18to21yearsold
Parentalconsentand
Marriagecounselling
22to25yearsold
Parentaladviceand
Marriagecounselling
FFORMALREQUISITES
Q:Whataretheformalrequisitesofmarriage?
A:CAL
1. MarriageCeremony
2. Authorityofthesolemnizingofficer
3. ValidmarriageLicense
3.EFFECTOFABSENCEOFREQUISITES
Q:Whatisthestatusofmarriageincaseof:
3. Defectinessentialrequisites?
A:Voidable
4. Irregularityinformalrequisites?
A: Valid, but the party responsible for
such irregularity shall be civilly,
criminallyoradministrativelyliable.
4.MARRIAGECEREMONY
Q:Whatconstitutesavalidmarriageceremony?
A:Thatwhichtakesplacewiththe:
1. appearance of the contracting parties
beforethesolemnizingofficerand
2. their personal declaration that they
shall take each other as husband and
wife
3. in the presence of not less that 2
witnessesoflegalage.
Q:Ismarriagebyproxyallowed?
A:Itdepends.
1. IfperformedinthePhilippinesNo,itis
notallowed,hencethemarriageisvoid.
5.SOLEMNIZINGAUTHORITY
Q:Whoareauthorizedtosolemnizemarriage?
A:Itdepends:
1. Underordinarycircumstances:
a. Incumbent judiciary member
provided, within the courts (his)
jurisdiction
d. Mayors(Arts444and445ofLGC)
Note:IncludesActingMayor
2. Marriagesinarticulomortis:
a. Ship captain or airplane chief
provided the marriage is
performed:
i. During voyage, even during
stopovers
ii. Between passengers or crew
members
b. Military commander of a unit who
is a commissioned officer
provided the marriage is
performed:
i. Inabsenceofchaplain;
ii. Within zone of military
operation;
16
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
Q:Whataretheauthorizedvenuesofmarriage?
A:
GR: Must be solemnized publicly within the
jurisdictionoftheauthorityofthesolemnizing
officer:
1. Chambersofthejudgeorinopencourt
2. Church,chapelortemple
3. Office of the consulgeneral, consul or
viceconsul
XPN:
1. Marriageatthepointofdeath
2. Marriageinremoteplaces
3. Marriageatahouseorplacedesignated
by the parties with the written request
tothesolemnizingofficertothateffect.
A.EXCEPTIONS
MARRIAGELICENSE
Note:Themarriageisvalidinthiscase.
A:Itdepends.
1. If the parties did not obtain a marriage
license the marriage shall be void for
lackofmarriagelicense.
2. If the parties were able to obtain a
marriagelicensethemarriageshallbe
valid without prejudice to the actions
that may be taken against the guilty
party.
Q:Whoissuesthemarriagelicense?
17
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.FOREIGNNATIONAL
Q:Whatisrequiredfromthecontractingparties
beforeamarriagelicensecanbeobtained?
B.EXCEPTIONS
Q:Whatarethemarriagesexemptfromthe
licenserequirement?
A:MARCOSZ
1. MarriagesamongMuslimsormembers
ofethnicculturalcommunities.
2. MarriagesinArticulomortis.
NOTE:ArticuloMortismeansatthepoint
ofdeath,notmerelyindangerofdying.
3. MarriagesinRemoteplaces.
NOTE:RemotePlacenomeansof
transportationtoenablethepartyto
personallyappearbeforethesolemnizing
localcivilregistrar.
4. MarriagesbetweenpartiesCohabiting
foratleast5years
5. MarriagessolemnizedOutsidethe
Philippineswherenomarriagelicenseis
requiredbythecountrywhereitwas
solemnized.
6. MarriagesinarticulomortisSolemnized
byashipcaptainorairplanepilot
7. MarriageswithinZonesofmilitary
operation.
A:Therequisitesare:5DPAS
1. Living together as husband and wife at
least5yearsbeforethemarriage.
The5yearperiodmustbecharacterized
by:
a. Exclusivity the partners must live
together exclusively, with no other
partners, during the whole 5year
period.
b. Continuitysuchcohabitation was
unbroken.
Note:Theperiodiscountedfromthedate
of celebration of marriage. It should be
the years immediately before the day of
themarriage.
Note:Thefiveyearperiodofcohabitation
must have been a period of legal union
had it not been for the absence of
marriage.
Q:PepitowasmarriedtoTeodulfa.Teodulfawas
shot by him resulting in her death. After 1 year
and 8 months, he married Norma without any
marriage license. In lieu thereof, they executed
an affidavit stating that they had lived together
as husband and wife for at least five years and
were thus exempt from securing a marriage
license.Whatisthestatusoftheirmarriage?
A:Voidforlackofmarriagelicense.Tobeexempt
from the license requirement under the 5year
cohabitation rule, the cohabitation should be in
the nature of a perfect union that is valid under
the law but rendered imperfect only by the
absence of the marriage contract and is
characterizedbycontinuity,thatis,unbroken,and
exclusivity, meaning no third party was involved
at anytime within the 5 years. It should be a
period of legal union had it not been for the
absenceofthemarriage.
Q:WouldyouranswerbethesameifPepitowas
separatedinfactfromTeodulfa?
A:Yes,themarriageisstillvoid.Eveniftheywere
separatedinfact,andthereafterbothPepitoand
Normahadstartedlivingwitheachotherthathas
alreadylastedforfiveyears,thefactremainsthat
Pepitohadasubsistingmarriageatthetime
whenhestartedcohabitingwithNorma.Itis
immaterialthatwhentheylivedwitheachother,
Pepitohadalreadybeenseparatedinfactfrom
hislawfulspouse.Thesubsistenceofthe
marriageevenwheretherewasactualseverance
ofthefilialcompanionshipbetweenthespouses
cannotmakeanycohabitationbyeitherspouse
withanythirdpartyasbeingoneas"husbandand
wife".(Nialv.Bayadog,GRNo.133778,March
14,2000)
MARRIAGECERTIFICATE
Q:Whatarethedistinctionsbetweenamarriage
licenseandamarriagecertificate?
MARRIAGELICENSE MARRIAGECERTIFICATE
Authorizationbythe
statetocelebrate
marriage.
Bestevidenceofthe
existenceofthe
marriage.
Formalrequisiteof
marriage.
Notanessentialor
formalrequisiteof
marriage.
Note:Althoughamarriagecontractisconsidereda
primaryevidenceofmarriage,itsabsenceisnot
alwaysproofthatnomarriagetookplace.(Delgado
Vda.DelaRosa,etal.v.HeirsofMarcianaRustia
Vda.DeDamian,etal.,G.R.No.103028,Oct.10,
1997)
B.EFFECTOFMARRIAGECELEBRATEDABROAD
ANDFOREIGNDIVORCE
Q:Whatrulesgovernthevalidityofmarriage?
A:Itdepends:
2. AstoitsintrinsicvalidityPersonallaw
A:
GR: Marriages between Filipinos solemnized
outsidethePhilippinesinaccordancewiththe
law of the foreign country where it is
celebrated,ifvalidthere,shallbevalidhereas
such.
1. Yes,theFilipinospouseiscapacitatedto
remarry just as the alien spouse is
capacitated. Divorce validly obtained
abroad by the alien spouse capacitating
him/her to remarry will likewise allow
the Filipino spouse to remarry. This is
the rule laid down in Article 26 (2) of
theFamilyCode.
2. Itdepends.Whatismaterialinthiscase
is the citizenship of the spouse who
obtainedadivorcedecreeabroadatthe
time the decree was obtained and not
their citizenship at the time the
marriagewascelebrated.
IftheFilipinospousewasnaturalizedas
a citizen of a foreign country before
he/sheobtainsadivorcedecreeandwas
thereafter capacitated to remarry, the
Filipino spouse will be capacitated to
remarry.
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
naturalizedasaforeigncitizenandobtains
a valid divorce decree capacitating him or
her to remarry, as in this case. To rule
otherwise would be to sanction absurdity
andinjustice.(Republicv.OrbecidoIII,GR.
No.154380,Oct.5,2005)
20
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
Thenaturalizationofoneoftheparties,as
well as the divorce decree obtained by
himorher,mustbeprovenasafactunder
our rules on evidence. The foreign law
under which the divorce was obtained
must likewise be proven as our courts
cannottakejudicialnoticeofforeignlaws.
A:
1. Valid
2. Void
3. Voidable
A:
VOIDMARRIAGE
VOIDABLE
MARRIAGE
Statusofmarriage
Voidabinitio
Voidable:Validuntil
annulled
Petitionfiled
DeclarationofNullityof
Marriage
Annulmentof
Marriage
Whomayfile
GR:Solelybythe
husbandorwife.
XPN:Anyrealparty
ininterest,onlyin
thefollowingcases:
1. Nullityof
marriagecases
commenced
beforethe
effectivityof
A.M.No.02
1110.March
15,2003.
2. Marriages
celebrated
duringthe
effectivityof
theCivilCode.
(DeDios
Carlosv.
Sandoval,G.R.
No.179922,
December16,
2008).
GR:Offended
Spouse
XPN:
1.Parentsor
guardiansincases
ofinsanity
2.Parentsor
guardiansbefore
thepartyreaches
21yearsoldon
thegroundofLack
ofParental
Authority
PrescriptivePeriod
Noprescriptiveperiod
GR:Within5years
fromdiscoveryof
theground
XPN:
1.Lifetimeof
spouseincasesof
insanity
2.Beforethe
partyreaches21
incaseswhere
parentsor
guardiansmayfile
annulment
XPN:Those
conceivedorborn
ofmarriages
declaredvoid
under:
1. Art.36
(Psychological
incapacity),or
2. Art.52in
relationtoArt.
53
Legitimate
JudicialDeclaration
GR:Not
necessarythatthere
isjudicial
declaration
XPN:incaseof
remarriage
Necessary
21
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
1.VOIDMARRIAGE
A:LAaMBPIPS18
1. Absence of any of the essential or
formalrequisitesofmarriage;
2. Contractedbyanypartybelow18years
ofageevenwiththeconsentofparents
orguardians;
3. Solemnized without License, except
those marriages that are exempt from
thelicenserequirement;
4. Solemnized by any person not
Authorizedtoperformmarriagesunless
such marriages were contracted with
either or both parties believing in good
faith that the solemnizing officer had
thelegalauthoritytodoso;
5. Contracted through Mistake of one of
the contracting party as to the identity
oftheother;
6. Bigamousorpolygamousmarriages;
7. Subsequent marriages that are void
underArt.53FC;
8. Marriagescontractedbyanyparty,who
at the time of the celebration of the
marriage, was Psychologically
incapacitated;
9. IncentuousMarriages(Art.37,FC)
10. Marriages declared void because they
are contrary to Public policy (Art. 38,
FC).
A.ABSENCEOFREQUISITES
GENDERREQUIREMENT
Q:Incaseofachangeinsex,canthepersonwho
has undergone said change be allowed to marry
another of the same sex as he/she originally
had?
2. IfthechangeisnaturalHe/shecan.
CONSENTFREELYGIVEN
CONTRACTEDBYPARTYBELOW18
Q:Whatisthestatusofmarriageswhereoneor
bothofthepartiesarebelow18yearsofage?
22
A:itisvoidforlackoflegalcapacity.
A:Yes.Parentalconsentdoesnothavetheeffect
ofcuringthisdefect.
A:Itdepends.Ifthenationallawoftheforeigner
recognizes 17 year old persons to be capacitated
tomarry,thentheirmarriageisvalid,otherwiseit
isvoid.
Note:Lexnationaliiapplies
LACKOFAUTHORITYOFSOLEMNIZINGOFFICER
A:
GR:Themarriageisvoidabinitio.
XPN:
1. Express If either or both parties
believed in good faith that the
solemnizerhadthelegalauthoritytodo
so.(Art. 35,FC)
2. ImpliedArticle10inrelationtoArticle
26 of the Family Code. If the marriage
between a foreigner and a Filipino
citizen abroad solemnized by a
Philippine consul assigned in that
country is recognized as valid in the
host country, such marriage shall be
considered as valid in the Philippines. (
Sta. Maria Jr., Persons and Family
RelationsLaw)
SOLEMNIZEDWITHOUTLICENSE
Q:JudgePalaypayonsolemnizedmarriageseven
without the requisite marriage license. Thus,
some couples were able to get married by the
simpleexpedientofpayingthemarriagefees.As
a consequence, their marriage contracts did not
reflectanymarriagelicensenumber.Inaddition,
the judge did not sign their marriage contracts
and did not indicate the date of the
solemnization, the reason being that he
allegedlyhad towaitforthemarriagelicenseto
be submitted by the parties. Such marriage
contracts were not filed with the Local Civil
Registry.Aresuchmarriagesvalid?
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
CONTRACTEDTHROUGHMISTAKE
BIGAMOUSMARRIAGES
23
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A:
GR:Voidforbeingbigamousorpolygamous.
Q:Whenisamarriageconsideredbigamous?
Note:Thesameappliestopolygamy.
A:
1. Marriage between a Filipino and a
foreigner and procurement by the alien
spouseofavaliddivorcedecreeabroad,
capacitatinghim/hertoremarry.
2. Terminable bigamous marriages (Art.
41)
3.
PSYCHOLOGICALINCAPACITY
Q:Whatispsychologicalincapacity?
A:
1. Juridical antecedence must be rooted
in the history of the party antedating
the marriage, although overt
manifestations may arise only after
suchmarriage.
2. Gravity grave enough to bring about
thedisabilityofthepartytoassumethe
essentalmaritalobligations.
3. Permanence or incurability must be
incurable.Ifcurable,thecureshouldbe
24
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
Q:Whataresomeinstanceswhereallegationsof
psychologicalincapicitywerenotsustained?
Note:Itmustbeshownthattheseactsare
manifestationsofadisorderedpersonality
whichwouldmakerespondentcompletely
unable to discharge the essential
obligations of a marital state, not merely
youth, immaturity or sexual promiscuity.
(Dedel vs CA, G.R. no. 151867, Jan.29,
2004)
4. Mereabandonement.
5. Sexualinfidelity(Republicv.Dagdag,GR
No.109975,February9,2001).
Q:Wouldthestateofbeingofunsoundmindor
the concealment of drug addiction, habitual
alcoholism, homosexuality or lesbianism be
considered indicia of psychological incapacity, if
existingattheinceptionofmarriage?Explain.
INCESTUOUSMARRIAGES
Q:Whatmarriagesareconsideredincestuous?
A:Thosemarriages:
1. Between ascendants and descendants
ofanydegree;
2. Between brothers and sisters whether
ofthefullorhalfblood.
VOIDBYREASONOFPUBLICPOLICY
A:
1. Collateral blood relatives (legitimate or
Illegitimate)uptothe4
th
civildegree;
2. Stepparents&stepchildren;
3. Parentsinlaw&childreninlaw;
4. Adoptingparent&theadoptedchild;
5. Survivingspouseoftheadoptingparent
&theadoptedchild;
6. Survivingspouseoftheadoptedchild&
theadopter;
7. Adopted child & legitimate child of the
adopter;
8. Adoptedchildrenofthesameadopter;
9. Partieswhereone,withtheintentionto
marry the other, kills the latters
spouse,orhis/herspouse.
2.PRESCRIPTION
A:
1. Before the entry of judgment The
court shall order the case closed and
terminated without prejudice to the
settlement of estate in proper
proceedings.
2. After the entry of judgment The
decision shall be binding upon the
parties and their successorsininterest
inthesettlementoftheestate.
However,withrespecttonullityofmarriagecases
commencedbeforetheeffectivityofA.M.No.02
1110 and marriages celebrated during the
effectivity of the Civil Code, the doctrine laid
down in the Nial v. Bayadog case still applies;
that the children have the personality to file the
petitiontodeclarethenullityofmarriageoftheir
deceased father to their stepmother as it affects
their successional rights. (De Dios Carlos v.
Sandoval,G.R.No.179922,December16,2008).
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
A:
1. For purposes of remarriage judicial
declaration of absolute nullity is
necessary.
26
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
SUBSEQUENTMARRIAGE
Q:Inwhatcasesmayapersonenterintoavalid
subsequentmarriageduringthesubsistenceofa
priormarriage?
A:None.Iftheabsenteereappears,butnostepis
taken to terminate the subsequent marriage,
either by affidavit or by court action, such
absentee's mere reappearance, even if made
known to the spouses in the subsequent
marriage,willnotterminatesuchmarriage.(SSSv.
Jarque Vda. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, Mar. 24,
2006)
Q:Mayamarriagebeterminatedextrajudicially?
1. Judgmentofannulment;
2. Partition;
3. Distributionofproperties,and
4. Deliveryofpresumptivelegitimes
A:Theissuehingesonwhetherornotthemissing
husbandwasdeadoraliveatthetimeofthe
secondmarriage.
Ifthemissinghusbandwasinfactalivewhenthe
second marriage was celebrated, the second
marriage was void ab initio because of a prior
subsisting marriage. Had Ana obtained a
declaration of presumptive death, the second
marriagewouldhavebeenvoidable.
VOIDABLEMARRIAGES
Q:Whatistheeffectifamarriageisvoidable?
Q:Whatarevoidablemarriagesandhowmay
theyberatified?
A:
GROUND RATIFICATION
Marriageofaparty18
yearsofageorover
butbelow21
solemnizedwithout
theconsentofthe
parents,guardianor
personhaving
substituteparental
authorityoverthe
party,inthatorder
Contracting party who
failedtoobtainparental
consent: Through free
cohabitation after
attainingtheageof21.
Note:Theparentscannot
ratify the marriage. The
effect of prescription on
their part isthatthey are
barred from contesting it
but the marriage is not
yetcleansedofitsdefect.
Eitherpartywasof
unsoundmind
Insane spouse: Through
free cohabitation after
comingtoreason.
Consentofeitherparty
wasobtainedbyfraud
Injured party: Through
free cohabitation with
full knowledge of the
facts constituting the
fraud.
Vicesofconsentsuch
asforce,intimidation
orundueinfluence
Injured party: Through
free cohabitation after
theviceshaveceasedor
disappeared.
ImpotenceandSTD
UNSOUNDMIND
A:
GR:Thesanespousehasthelegalstandingto
file the action for annulment only in cases
where he or she contracted the marriage
withoutknowledgeoftheothersinsanity.
FRAUD
A:NPSD
1. Nondisclosure of conviction by final
judgment of crime involving moral
turpitude;
2. Concealment by the wife of the fact
that at the time of marriage, she was
Pregnant by a man other than her
husband;
3. Concealment of Sexually transmitted
disease,regardlessofnature,existingat
thetimeofmarriage;
4. Concealment of Drug addiction,
habitual alcoholism, homosexuality and
lesbianism.(Art.46)
DRUGADDICTION
A:
1. Declarationofnullityofmarriage:
2. Annulmentofmarriage:
3. Legalseparation:
a. Thereshouldbenocondonationor
consenttothedrugaddiction;
b. Theactionmustbefiledwithinfive
(5) years from the occurrence of
thecause.
c. Drug addiction arises during the
marriage and not at the time of
marriage.(BarQuestion1997)
VITIATEDCONSENT
A:
GR: Consent of either party was obtained by
force,intimidationorundueinfluence
A:CPUII
1. Exists at the time of the Celebration of
marriage
2. Permanent (does not have to be
absolute)
3. Incurable
4. Unknowntotheotherspouse
5. OtherspousemustnotalsobeImpotent
A:
GR:No.Presumptionisinfavorofpotency.
XPN:Doctrineoftriennialcohabitation.
Q:Whatisthedoctrineoftriennialcohabitation?
SEXUALLYTRANSMITTEDDISEASE
Q:Whenmayafflictionofasexuallytransmitted
disease(STD)beagroundforannulment?
A:Requisites:AESIAF
a. OneofthepartiesisAfflictedwithSTD
b. STDmustbe:
a. Existingatthetimethemarriageis
celebrated
b. Serious
c. apparentlyIncurable
c. TheotherspousemustnotbeAwareof
theothersaffliction
d. InjuredpartymustbeFreefromSTD.
Q:YvettewasfoundtobepositiveforHIVvirus,
considered sexually transmissible, serious and
incurable. Her boyfriend Joseph was aware of
herconditionandyetmarriedher.Aftertwo(2)
yearsofcohabitingwithYvette,andinhisbelief
that she would probably never be able to bear
him a healthy child, Joseph now wants to have
hismarriagewithYvetteannulledontheground
that Yvette has STD. Yvette opposes the suit
contendingthatJosephisestoppedfromseeking
annulmentoftheirmarriagesincehekneweven
beforetheirmarriagethatshewasafflictedwith
HIVvirus.
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
A:
30
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
ARTICLE45 ARTICLE46
Affliction Concealment
Thefactofbeing
afflictedistheground
forannulment
The act of concealing
is the ground for
annulment as it
constitutesFraud
Whetherconcealedor
not
Theremustbe
concealment
MustbeSeriousand
Incurable
Doesnothavetobe
seriousandincurable
A:
WHOMAYFILE WHENTOFILE
Marriagewassolemnizedwithouttheconsentof
theparents,guardianorpersonhaving
substituteparentalauthorityovertheparty
Contractingparty
Within5yearsafter
attainingtheageof21
Parent,guardian,or
personhavinglegal
chargeofthe
contractingparty
Atanytimebeforesuch
partyhasreachedthe
ageof21
Eitherpartywasofunsoundmind
Sanespousewhohad
noknowledgeofthe
othersinsanity
Atanytimebeforethe
deathofeitherparty
Anyrelative,guardian
orpersonhavinglegal
chargeoftheinsane
Atanytimebeforethe
deathofeitherparty
Insanespouse
Duringalucidintervalor
afterregainingsanity
Theconsentofeitherpartywasobtainedby
fraud
Injuredparty
Within5yearsafterthe
discoveryoffraud
Theconsentofeitherpartywasobtainedby
force,intimidation,orundueinfluence
Injuredparty
Within5yearsfromthe
timetheforce,
intimidation,orundue
influencedisappeared
orceased
Eitherpartywasphysicallyincapableof
consummatingthemarriagewiththeother,and
suchincapacitycontinuesandappearstobe
incurable
Injuredparty
Within5yearsafterthe
celebrationofmarriage
Eitherpartywasafflictedwithasexually
transmissiblediseasefoundtobeseriousand
appearstobeincurable
Injuredparty
Within5yearsafterthe
celebrationofmarriage
5.PRESENCEOFPROSECUTOR
Q:WhatistheroleoftheprosecutororSolicitor
General in all cases of annulment or declaration
ofabsolutenullityofmarriage?
A:Incaseswheretherespondentinapetitionfor
annulment vehemently opposed the same and
where he does not allege that evidence was
suppressed or fabricated by any of the parties.
(Tuasonv.CA,G.R.No.116607,April10,1996)
Q:Whataretheactionsprohibitedinannulment
and declaration of absolute nullity of marriage
cases?
A:CCSSJ
1. Compromise
2. Confessionofjudgment
3. Stipulationoffacts
4. Summaryjudgment
5. Judgmentonthepleadings
31
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
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VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
6.PENDENCYOFACTION
7.EFFECTSOFNULLITY
A:
1. Voidmarriages:
GR: The rules on coownership under
theCivilCode.(Valdesv.RTC)
Note:InbothinstancesunderArticles40and45,the
marriages are governed either by absolute
community of property or conjugal partnership of
gains unless the parties agree to a complete
separation of property in a marriage settlement
enteredintobeforethemarriage.Sincetheproperty
relations of the parties is governed by absolute
community of property or conjugal partnership of
gains, there is a need to liquidate, partition and
distribute the properties. (Dino v. Dino, G.R. No.
178044,January19,2011)
A:Thefinaljudgmentshallprovidefortheff:
1. Liquidation,partitionanddistributionof
thepropertiesofthespouses;
2. Custody and support of the common
children;and
3. Deliveryoftheirpresumptivelegitimes,
Note:Wheretherewasafailuretorecordinthecivil
registry and registry of property the judgment of
annulment or absolute nullity of the marriage, the
partition and distribution of the property of the
spouses, and the delivery of the childrens
presumptive legitimes, it shall not affect third
persons.(Arts.52&53)
Q:Whataretheformsofpresumptivelegitime?
A:
1. cash
2. property
3. soundsecurity
1. Judgmentofannulment;
2. Partition;
3. Distributionofproperties;and
4. Deliveryofpresumptivelegitimes.
III.LEGALSEPARATION
A.GROUNDS
Q:Whatarethegroundsforlegalseparation?
A:PALFACSILA
1. Repeated Physicalviolence or grossly
abusive conduct against petitioner,
commonchild,childofpetitioner;
2. Attemptto corrupt or induce petitioner,
common child, child of petitioner to
engageinprostitution,orconnivancein
suchcorruptionorinducement;
A:
32
1. Causing, threatening to cause, or
attempting to cause physical harm to
thewomanorherchild;
2. Placing the woman or her child in fear
ofimminentphysicalharm;
3. Attemptingtocompelorcompellingthe
womanorherchild:
a. to engage in conduct which the
womanorherchildhastherightto
desistfrom;or
b. desist from conduct which the
womanorherchildhastherightto
engagein,
Thisshallinclude,butnotbelimitedto,
thefollowingacts:
a. Stalkingorfollowingthewomanor
her child in public or private
places;
b. Peering in the window or lingering
outside the residence of the
womanorherchild;
c. Entering or remaining in the
dwelling or on the property of the
womanorherchildagainsther/his
will;
d. Destroying the property and
personalbelongingnessorinflicting
harm to animals or pets of the
womanorherchild;and
e. Engaging in any form of
harassmentorviolence;
Q:WhatisaProtectionOrderunderR.A.9262?
Thereliefgrantedunderaprotectionorderserves
the purpose of safeguarding the victim from
further harm, minimizing any disruption in the
victims daily life, and facilitating the opportunity
and ability of the victim to independently regain
control over her life. The provisions of the
protection order shall be enforced by law
enforcementagencies.Theprotectionordersthat
may be issued under this Act are the barangay
protection order (BPO), temporary protection
order (TPO) and permanent protection order
(PPO).
Q:Whomayfileforprotectionorder?
A:
1. Theoffendedparty;
2. Parents or guardians of the offended
party;
3. Ascendants, descendants or collateral
relatives within the fourth civil degree
ofconsanguinityoraffinity;
4. Officers or social workers of the DSWD
or social workers of local government
units(LGUs);
5. Police officers, preferably those in
chargeofwomenandchildrensdesks;
6. Punongbarangayorbarangaykagawad;
7. Lawyer, counselor, therapist or
healthcareproviderofthepetitioner;
8. At least two (2) concerned responsible
citizens of the city or municipality
where the violence against women and
their children occurred and who has
personal knowledge of the offense
committed.
B.DEFENSES
A:C
4
MPDR
1. Condonationofactcomplainedof;
2. Consent to the commission of the
offense/act;
3. Connivance in the commission of the
act;
4. Collusion in the procurement of decree
ofLS;
5. Mutualguilt;
Q:Williamfiledapetitionforlegalseparationin
1955 groundedonJuanitas adulterous relations
allegedly discovered by William in 1945. Was
Williamsactionalreadybarredbyprescription?
A:Yes.UnderArticle102,NCC,anactionforlegal
separation can not be filed except within one (1)
year from and after the plaintiff became
cognizantofthecauseandwithinfiveyearsfrom
andafterthedatewhensuchcauseoccurred.
Note:Thiscasewasdecidedunderthecivilcodenot
underthefamilycode.
A:None.Whileitistruethatprescriptionwasnot
interposed as a defense, nevertheless, the courts
can take cognizance thereof, because actions
seeking a decree of legal separation, or
annulment of marriage, involve public interest
anditisthepolicyofourlawthatnosuchdecree
be issued if any legal obstacles thereto appear
upon the record. (Brown v.Yambao, G.R. No. L
10699,Oct.18,1957)
A:
1. Yes, the abandonment of Rosa by Ariel
for more than one (1) year is a ground
for legal separation unless upon
returning to the Philippines, Rosa
agrees to cohabit with Ariel which is
allowed under the Muslim Code. In this
case,thereiscondonation.
2. No.UnderArticle57oftheFamilyCode,
the aggrieved spouse must file the
action within five (5) years from the
occurrence of the cause. The
subsequent marriage of Ariel could not
have occurred earlier than 1990, the
time he went to Saudi Arabia. Hence,
Rosa has until 1995 to bring the action
under the Family Code. (1994 Bar
Question)
C.COOLINGOFFPERIOD
Q:Whatisthemandatorycoolingoffperiod?
D.RECONCILIATIONEFFORTS
Q:Whatistheruleinrenderingajudgmentof
legalseparationbaseduponastipulationoffacts
orconfessionofjudgment?
A:Adecreeoflegalseparationcannotbeissued
solelyonthebasisofastipulationoffactsora
confessionofjudgment.Thegroundsforlegal
separationmustbeproved.Neitherconfessionof
judgmentnorsummaryjudgmentisallowed.
Note:Whatthelawprohibitsisajudgmentbased
exclusivelyormainlyondefendant'sconfession.(
Ocampov.Florenciano,G.R.No.L13553,February
23,1960)
35
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
EXTENTOFINQUIRYOFPROSECUTOR
Article101NCC,callingfortheinterventionofthe
state attorneys in case of uncontested
proceedings for legal separation (and of
annulment of marriages, under Article 88)
emphasizes that marriage is more than a mere
contract;thatitisasocialinstitutioninwhichthe
state is vitally interested, so that its continuation
orinterruptioncannotbemadedependuponthe
partiesthemselves.Itisconsonantwiththispolicy
thattheinquirybytheFiscalshouldbeallowedto
focusuponanyrelevantmatterthatmayindicate
whether the proceedings for separation or
annulment are fully justified or not. (Brown
v.Yambao,G.R.No.L10699,Oct.18,1957)
A:
Whomay
file
Husbandorwife
Whentofile
Within5yearsfromthetimeof
theoccurrenceofthecause
Whereto
file
FamilyCourtoftheprovinceor
citywherethepetitionerorthe
respondenthasbeenresidingfor
atleast6monthspriortothe
dateoffilingorincaseofanon
resident,wherehemaybefound
inthePhilippines,attheelection
ofthepetitioner
F.EFFECTSOFFILINGPETITION
A:
1. The spouses shall be entitled to live
separatelyfromeachother.
2. In the absence of an agreement
between the parties, the court shall
designate either the husband or the
wife or a 3
rd
person to administer the
absolute community or conjugal
partnershipproperty.
G.EFFECTSOFPENDENCY
onewhichsurvivesthedeathofspouse.(Lapuzv.
Eufemio,G.R.No.L31429,Jan.31,1972)
36
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
H.EFFECTSOFLEGALSEPARATION
A:
1. Spousesentitledtoliveseparately;
Note:Marriagebondnotsevered
3. Custodyofminorchildrenisawardedto
the innocent spouse (subject to Art.
213,FC);
4. Offending spouse is disqualified to
inherit from innocent spouse by
intestatesuccession;
5. Provisions in will of innocent spouse
which favors offending spouse shall be
revokedbyoperationoflaw;
6. Innocent spouse may revoke donations
he/she made in favor of offending
spouse;
A:No.Themarriagebondnothavingsevered,the
womanremainstobethelawfulwifeoftheman.
Q:Whichofthefollowingremedies,
a. declarationofnullityofmarriage,
b. annulmentofmarriage,
c. legalseparation,and/or
d. separationofproperty,
can an aggrieved spouse avail
himself/herselfof:
b.Ifthewifegoes(to)abroadtoworkasanurse
and refuses to come home after the expiration
ofherthreeyearcontractthere?
e.Ifthehusbandbeatsuphiswifeeverytimehe
comeshomedrunk?
I.RECONCILIATION
Q:Whataretheeffectsofreconciliation?
A:
1. AstotheDecree:
a. Duringthependencyofthecase:LS
proceedings terminated in
whateverstage
b. After the issuance of the decree:
FinaldecreeofLStobesetaside
2. AstothePropertyRegime:
Note:Inanactionforlegalseparationontheground
of adultery filed by the husband, even though the
defendant wife did not interpose the defense of
prescription, nevertheless, the courts can take
cognizance thereof, because actions seeking a
decreeoflegalseparationorannulmentofmarriage,
involvepublicinterest,anditisthepolicyofourlaw
that no such decree be issued if any legal obstacles
thereto appear upon the record. Also, the husband
was guilty of commission of the same offense by
livingwithanotherwoman.
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Theagreementtorevivemustbeunderoathand
specify:
1. The properties to be contributed anew
totherestoredregime;
2. Those to be retained as separated
propertiesofeachspouse;and
3. The names of all their known creditors,
theiraddressesandtheamountsowing
toeach.
A:
38
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
DECLARATION
OFNULLITYOF
MARRIAGE
ANNULMENT
LEGAL
SEPARATION
Marriagebond
Dissolved Dissolved
Noeffect,
marriage
bond
remains
valid
Statusofchildren
GR:Illegitimate
XPN:Children
conceivedor
bornof
marriages
before
declarationof
nullityunder
Arts.36and53
considered
legitimate
Legitimate
Propertyrelations
GR:Governed
eitherbyArticle
147orArticle
148ofthe
FamilyCode.
Thus,property
regimeshallbe
ACP/CPGshallbedissolved&
liquidated.[Art.43(2)]
Shareofspouse,who
contractedthesubsequent
marriageinbadfaith,inthe
netprofitsofthecommunity
liquidated
pursuanttothe
ordinaryruleson
coownership.
XPN:Marriages
declaredvoid
underArt.40
whichshallbe
liquidatedin
accordancewith
Art.43
(2).(Valdesv.
RTC)
propertyorconjugal
partnership,shallbeforfeited
infavorofthecommon
children,or
iftherearenone,the
childrenoftheguiltyspouse
byapreviousmarriage,or
indefaultofchildren,the
innocentspouse
Donationspropternuptias
GR:Shallremainvalid.[Art.
43(3)]
XPN:
1. ifdoneecontractedthe
marriageinbadfaith,
suchdonationsmadeto
saiddoneeshallbe
revokedbyoperationof
law.
2. ifbothspousestothe
marriageactedinbad
faith,alldonations
propternuptiasshallbe
revokedbyoperationof
law.
Insurance
Ifonespouseactedinbad
faith,innocentspousemay
revokehisdesignationas
beneficiaryintheinsurance
policyevenifsuch
designationbestipulatedas
irrevocable.[Art.43(4)]
Succession
Ifonespousecontractedthe
marriageinbadfaith,heshall
bedisqualifiedtoinheritfrom
innocentspousebytestate
andintestatesuccession.[Art.
43(5)]
A.ESSENTIALOBLIGATIONS
A:
1. Essentialmaritalobligations(EMO):LOR
a. Livetogether
2. Fixthefamilydomicile(Art.69,FC)
3. Jointlysupportthefamily(Art.70,FC)
a. Expenses shall be paid from the
communityproperty
b. In the absence thereof from the
income or fruits of their separate
properties
c. In the absence or insufficiency
thereof from their separate
properties
4. Managethehousehold(Art.71,FC)
5. Not to neglect duties, or commit acts
which tend to bring danger, dishonor,
orinjurytofamily(Art.72,FC)
6. Either spouse may practice any
legitimate profession/business, even
without the consent of the other. (Art.
73,FC)
Q:Whataretheotherobligationsofspouses?
A:
1. Exercise the duties and enjoy the rights
ofparents;
2. Answer for civil liability arising from
injuriescausedbychildrenbelow18;
3. Exercise parental authority over
childrens property (Republic v. CA,
Molina,G.R.No.108763,Feb.13,1997).
A:
GR: Performance of EMO under Art. 68
cannot be compelled by court because it will
beaviolationofpersonalliberty.
Q:Whofixesthefamilydomicile?
A:Thehusbandandwife.
Note:IncaseofdisagreementtheCourtshalldecide.
Q:WhenmaytheCourtexemptonespouse
fromlivingwiththeother?
A:
1. Ifonespouseshouldliveaboad.
2. Othervalidandcompellingreasons.
Note:TheCourtshallnotgranttheexemptionifit
isnotcompatiblewiththesolidarityofthefamily.
Q:Fromwhereshalltheexpensesforthe
supportofthefamilycomefrom?
A:
1. Communityproperty
2. In the absence thereof, from the
incomeofseparateproperties.
3. Intheabsenceofsuchincome,fromthe
separateproperties.
Q:Canaspouseobjectintheexercisebythe
otherofhis/herprofession,occupationor
business?
A:Yes,butonlyonvalid,seriousandmoral
grounds.
Note:Otherspousemayobjectonvalid,seriousand
moralgrounds.
Incaseofdisagreement,thecourtshalldecide
whether:
a. Objectionisproper;and
b. Benefithasaccruedtothefamilybefore
andaftertheobjection.
Note:Theforegoingshallnotprejudicerightof
creditorswhoactedingoodfaith.
A:
GR:Philippinelawsshallgovern,regardlessof
placeofcelebrationandresidenceofspouses,
in the absence of contrary stipulation in a
marriagesettlement.(Art.80,FamilyCode)
40
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
XPN:Lexreisitaeapplies:
1. Wherebothspousesarealiens;
2. With respect to the extrinsic validity of
contracts:
a. affecting property not situated in
thePhilippines;and
b. executedinthecountrywherethe
propertyislocated;
3. With respect to extrinsic validity of
contracts:
a. enteredintointhePhilippines;but
b. affecting property situated in a
foreigncountrywhoselawsrequire
differentformalitiesforitsextrinsic
validity
A:Thepropertyrelationsshallbegovernedbythe
ff.inthestatedorder:
1. Marriagesettlement
2. ProvisionsoftheFamilyCode
3. Localcustom
Note:Futurespousesmayagreeupontheregimeof
absolute community of property, conjugal
partnershipofgains,absoluteseparationofpropetry
oranyotherregime.
A:
GR:No.
XPN:Incaseofjudicialseparationofproperty.
Note:Thewaivermustbeinapublicinstrumentand
recorded in the office of the local civil registrar
wherethemarriagecontractwasrecordedaswellas
intheproperregistryofproperty.
A.MARRIAGESETTLEMENTS
Q:Whatisamarriagesettlement(MS)?
Q:WhataretherequisitesofavalidMS?
A:ISER
1. Inwriting;
2. Signedbytheparties;
3. Executed before the celebration of
marriage;
4. Registration(tobind3
rd
persons).
Q:Whataretheadditionalrequirementsforthe
validityoftheMS?
A:
FACTUALSITUATION
ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENT
Ifoneofbothofthe
partiesare:
Theff.mustbemadea
partytotheMS,
otherwisetheMSis
void:
1821yearsold
Parents;or
thoserequiredtogive
consent
Sentencedwithcivil
interdiction
Guardianappointed
bythecourt
Disabled
Guardianappointed
bythecourt
Q:Mayamarriagesettlementbemodified?
A:Yes.ForanymodificationintheMStobevalid:
1. The requisites for a valid MS must be
present;
2. Theremustbejudicialapproval;
3. SubjecttotheprovisionsofArts.66,67,
128,135,and136.
41
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A:
GR: Everything stipulated in the settlements
or contracts in consideration of the marriage
shallberenderedvoid.
B.DONATIONSBYREASONOFMARRIAGE
Q:Whataretherequisitesfordonationspropter
nuptias(DPN)?
A:
1. Madebeforecelebrationofmarriage;
2. Madeinconsiderationofthemarriage;
3. Made in favor of one or both of the
futurespouses.
A:
1. There must be marriage settlement
(MS) stipulating a property regime
otherthanACP;
2. Donation in the MS be not more that
1/5ofthepresentproperty;
3. There must be acceptance by the other
spouse.
C.VOIDDONATIONSBYTHESPOUSES
A:
1. Beforethemarriage:
XPN:IftheyaregovernedbyACP,theneach
spouse can donate to each other in their
marriage settlements present property
without limit, provided there is sufficient
property left for their support and the
legitimesarenotimpaired.
2. Duringthemarriage:
A:
1. To protect unsecured creditors from
beingdefrauded;
2. To prevent the stronger spouse from
inposing upon the weaker spouse
transfer of the latters property to the
former;
3. To prevent indirect modification of the
marriagesettlement.
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:WhatarethegroundsforfilinganactionforrevocationofaDPNandwhattheirrespectiveprescriptive
periods?
A:
GROUNDS(Art.86)
PRESCRIPTIVEPERIOD
Periodd ReckoningPoint
1. Marriageisnotcelebrated
XPN:Thoseautomaticallyrenderedvoidbylaw
5yrs
Timethemarriagewasnot
solemnizedonthefixeddate.(art.
1149)
2. Marriageisjudicially
declaredvoid
Groundfornullity:
Revokedbyoperationoflaw
a.Contractedsubsequentmarriage
beforepriormarriagehasbeen
judiciallydeclaredvoid
b.anyothergrounds 5yrs
Finalityofjudicialdeclarationof
nullity(ifactionistorecover
property)
3. Marriagetookplacewithoutconsentofparents,whenrequiredby
law
5yrs
Timethedonorcametoknowthat
therequiredparentalconsentwas
notobtained.
4. Marriageisannulledanddoneeactedinbadfaith 5yrs Finalityofdecree
5. Uponlegalseparation(LS),doneebeingtheguilty spouse 5yrs TimedecreeofLShasbecomefinal
6. Donationsubjecttoresolutoryconditionandittookplace 5yrs
Happeningoftheresolutory
condition.
7. Doneecommittedanactofingratitude 1yr
Fromdonorsknowledgeofthe
commissionofanactofingratitude.
Note:Actsofingratitude:
1. Commissionofanoffenseagainsttheperson,honororpropertyofthedonor,hiswifeorhischildren
underhisparentalauthority
2. GR:Imputationtothedonoranycriminaloffenseoranyactinvolvingmoralturpitude
XPN:ifthecrimewascommittedagainstthedoneehimself,hiswifeorhischildrenunderhisauthority
3. Unduerefusaltosupportthedonorwhenheislegallyormorallyboundtogivesuchsupport.
PROPERTYREGIMESS
Q:Whatarethedifferentpropertyregimeswhichmaybeadoptedbyfuturespouses?
A:
1. AbsoluteCommunityofProperty(ACP)
2. ConjugalPartnershipofGains(CPG)
3. AbsoluteSeparationofProperty(ASOP)
4. AnyotherregimewithinlimitsprovidedbytheFamilyCode
42
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
A:
ACP CPG
ASOP
Whenitapplies
Whenspouses:
1. Adoptitinamarriage
settlement;
2. Donotchooseanyeconomic
system;or
3. Adoptedadifferentproperty
regimeandthesameisvoid.
Whenthefuturespousesadoptitin
amarriagesettlement.
1. Whenfuturespousesadoptit
inamarriagesettlement
2. ACPorCPGisdissolved
3. Priormarriageisdissolved
duetodeathofonespouse
andsurvivingspousefailedto
complywiththerequirements
underArt103(judicial
settlementproceedingofthe
estateofdeceasedspouse)
4. Byjudicialorder.Judicial
separationofpropertymay
eitherbevoluntaryorfor
sufficientcause.
Consistof
Allthepropertiesownedbythe
spousesatthetimeofmarriage
becomecommunityproperty
Eachspouseretainshis/her
propertybeforethemarriageand
onlythefruitsandincomeofsuch
propertiesbecomepartofthe
conjugalpropertiesduringthe
marriage
Effectofseparationinfact
TheseparationinfactshallnotaffecttheregimeofACP.But:
1. The spouse who leaves the conjugal home or refuses to live
therein, without just cause, shall not have the right to be
supported;
2. When consent of one spouse to any transaction of the other is
required by law, judicial authorization shall be obtained in a
summaryproceeding.
3. In case of insufficiency of community or conjugal partnership
property, separate property of both spouses shall be solidarily
liable for the support of the family. Spouse present shall, upon
proper petition in a summary proceeding, be given judicial
authority to administer or encumber any specific separate
property of the other spouse and use the fruits or proceeds
thereoftosatisfythelattersshare.
(Arts.100&127,FC)
Effectofdissolution
Upondissolutionandliquidation
ofthecommunityproperty,what
isdividedequallybetweenthe
spousesortheirheirsisthenet
remainderofthepropertiesof
theACP.
Upondissolutionofthe
partnership,theseparateproperty
ofthespousesarereturnedand
onlythenetprofitsofthe
partnershiparedividedequally
betweenthespousesoftheirheirs.
43
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Q:Whendothepropertyregimescommence?
Q:Intheabsenceofamarriagesettlement,what
property regime governs the property relations
ofspouses?
A:
GR:Absolutecommunityofproperty.(Art.75,
FC)
XPN:
1. For marriages contracted prior to the
effectivityoftheFamilyCodeonAugust
3, 1988, conjugal partnership of gains
shallgovernthepropertyrelations.This
is so because Article 119 of the New
Civil Code will apply. The provisions of
the Family Code shall have no
retroactiveeffectbecauseitshallimpair
vestedrights.
REVIVALOFFORMERPROPERTYREGIME
A:1CARAPS
1. Civil interdiction of the prisonerspouse
terminates;
2. Absenteespousereappears
3. Court authorizes Resumption of
administration by the spouse formerly
exercisingsuchpower;
4. Spouse who has Abandoned the
conjugal home returns and resumes
commonlifewiththeother;
5. Parental authority is judicially restored
to the spouse previously deprived
thereof;
6. Reconciliation and resumption of
common life of spouse who had been
separatedinfactforatleast1year;
7. Spouses agree to revive their former
propertyregime.
TRANSFEROFADMINISTRATIONOFEXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY
A:Whenonespouse:CFAG
1. is sentenced to penalty with Civil
interdiction;
2. becomes a Fugitive from justice or is
hidingasanaccusedinacriminalcase;
3. isjudiciallydeclaredAbsent;
4. becomesaGuardianoftheother.
D.ABSOLUTECOMMUNITYY
1.GENERALPROVISIONS
Q:Whenshalltheabsolutecommunityof
propertycommence?
Q:Whatlawgovernstheabsolutecommunityof
property?
A:
1. Familycode
2. Provisionsoncoownership
Q:Whatconstitutesthecommunityproperty?
A:
Includes:
1. Allthepropertyownedbythespouses:
a. at the time of the celebration of
themarriage;or
b. acquiredthereafter;
2. Property acquired during the marriage
by gratuitous title, if expressly made to
formpartofthecommunitypropertyby
thedonor,testatororgrantor;
3. Jewelries,etc.;
4. Winningsingambling.
Excludes:
1. Property acquired during the marriage
bygratuitoustitleanditsfruits;
XPN:Ifexpresslyprovidedbythedonor,
testator or grantor that they shall form
partofthecommunityproperty
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Co.,Inc.v.CA,G.R.No.125283,Feb.10,2006
A:No(Art.95).However,anywinningstherefrom
shallformpartofthecommunityproperty.
46
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
3.CHARGESUPONANDOBLIGATIONSOFTHE
COMMUNITYPROPERTY
Q:WhatarethechargesupontheACP?
A:
1. The support of the spouses, their
common children, and legitimate
childrenofeitherspouse;
2. All debts and obligations contracted
duringthemarriageby:
a. the designated administrator
spouse for the benefit of the
community
b. bybothspouses
c. by one spousewith the consent of
theother;
3. Debts and obligations contracted by
either spouse without the consent of
the other to the extent that the family
mayhavebeenbenefited;
4. All taxes, liens, charges and expenses,
including major or minor repairs, upon
thecommunityproperty;
5. All taxes and expenses for mere
preservationmade during marriage
upon the separate property of either
spouseusedbythefamily;
6. Expenses to enable either spouse to
commence or complete a professional
or vocational course, or other activity
forselfimprovement;
7. Ante nuptial debts of either spouse
insofar as they have redounded to the
benefitofthefamily;
8. The value of what is donated or
promised by both spouses in favor of
their common legitimate children for
theexclusivepurposeofcommencingor
completing a professional or vocational
course or other activity for self
improvement;
9. Payment, in case of absence or
insufficiencyoftheexclusivepropertyof
thedebtorspouse,of:
a. Antenuptialdebtsofeitherspouse
which did not redound to the
benefitofthefamily;
b. the support of illegitimatechildren
ofeitherspouse;
c. liabilitiesincurredbyeitherspouse
by reason of a crime or quasi
delict;
Note:Thepaymentofwhichshallbe
considered as advances to be
deducted from the share of the
debtorspouse upon liquidation of
thecommunity
4.OWNERSHIP,ADMINISTRATION,ENJOYMENT
ANDDISPOSITIONOFTHECOMMUNITY
PROPERTY
A:
GR:Itbelongstobothspousesjointly.
Butsuchpowersdonotinclude:DAE
1. Disposition;
2. Alienation;or
3. Encumbrance
oftheconjugalorcommunityproperty.
Q:Incaseofdisagreement,whosedecisionshall
prevail?
A:Thatofthehusbandbutsubjecttorecourseto
thecourtbythewifeforproperremedy.
Note:Prescriptiveperiodforrecourseis5yearsfrom
thedateofthecontractimplementingsuchdecision.
Suchconsentorcourtapprovalmustbeobtained
beforethealienation,etc.,otherwise,suchwillbe
voidandobtainingsuchconsentorcourtapproval
afterwards will not validate the act. A void act
cannotberatified.
A:Inabsenceofthewrittenconsentoftheother
spouse.
Q: What if the community property is
insufficienttocovertheforegoingliabilities?
A:
GR: The spouses shall be solidarily liable for
the unpaid balance with their separate
properties.
A:
GR: A spouse cannot donate any community
propertywithouttheconsentoftheother.
A:Petitionthecourtfor:
1. Receivership;
2. Judicialseparationofproperty;
3. Authority to be the sole administrator
oftheabsolutecommunity.
Q:Whenisthereabandonment?
Q:Mayspousessellpropertytoeachother?
A:
GR:No,suchsaleisconsideredvoid
XPNs:
1. When a separation of property was
agreed upon in the marriage
settlement;
2. When there has been a judicial
separation of property under Articles
135and136ofFC(Art.1490,NCC).
48
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
5.DISSOLUTIONOFCOMMUNITYREGIME
Q:HowistheACPterminated?
A:
1. Deathofeitherspouse;
2. Legalseparation;
3. Annulment;
4. Judicial separation of property during
marriage.
6.LIQUIDATIONOFTHEABSOLUTECOMMUNITY
ASSETSANDLIABILITIES
A:
1. Inventoryofallproperties;
2. Paymentofcommunitydebts;
4. Equaldivisionofnetcommunityassets
Unlessthereis:
a. An agreement for a different
proportion;or
b. Avoluntarywaiverofsuchshare;
5. Deliveryofthepresumptivelegitimesof
thechildren;
E.CONJUGALPARTNERSHIPOFGAINS.
1.GENERALPROVISIONS
Q:WhatistheregimeofCPG?
Q:Whatlawgovernstheconjugalpartnership?
2.EXCLUSIVEPROPERTYOFEACHSPOUSE
Q: What are the exclusive properties of the
spouses?
A:
1. Those brought into the marriage as
his/herown;
A:
1. Reverse accession If the cost of the
improvement and the additional value
is more than the value of the principal
property at the time of the
improvement, the property becomes
conjugal.
49
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
3.CONJUGALPARTNERSHIPPROPERT
Q:WhatconstitutesCPG?
A:
1. Those acquired during the marriage
withconjugalfunds;
2. Those obtained from labor, industry,
work or profession of either or both
spouse;
3. Fruits of conjugal property due or
received during the marriage and net
fruitsofseparateproperty;
4. Share of either spouse in hidden
treasure;
5. Those acquired through occupation
suchashuntingorfishing;
6. Livestockinexcessofwhatwasbrought
tothemarriage;
7. Those acquired by chance such as
winningsingamblingsandbettings.
A:
1. If full ownership was vested before the
marriage it shall belong to the buyer
spouse.
2. If full ownership was vested during the
marriage it shall belong to the
conjugalpartnership.
Q:Yamaneassertsthattheparcelofland,which
was purchased at auction, belonged to the
conjugal partnership of him and his late wife. In
the title, his name appeared to be merely
descriptive of the civil status of the registered
owner, his late wife. The purchase took place
prior to the advent of the Family Code. Is the
propertyconjugalorparaphernalpropertyofhis
latewife?
A:Conjugal.InthiscasetheprovisionsoftheCivil
Code would apply since the purchase took place
before the FC took effect. Under Art. 160 of the
NCC, all property of the marriage is presumed to
belong to the conjugal partnership, unless it be
provedthatitpertainsexclusivelytothehusband
or the wife. In this case, there was no proof that
the property had been acquired exclusively by
Yamane's late wife. The mere registration of a
property in the name of one spouse does not
destroy its conjugal nature in the absence of
strong, clear and convincing evidence that it was
acquiredusingtheexclusivefundsofsaidspouse.
(Spouses Go v. Yamane, G.R. No. 160762, May 3,
2006)
titlestothelotswereissuedinthenamesofthe
spouses, the dorsal portions thereof contained
an entry showing that Eduardo had waived any
right over the properties as they were bought
outofthesavingsofJosefina.Whenacomplaint
forsumofmoneyagainstherhusband,Eduardo,
prospered, the lot was levied upon. Does the
parcel of land belong to the conjugal
partnership?
50
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
4.CHARGESUPONANDOBLIGATIONSOFTHE
CPG
Q:WhatarethechargesupontheCPG?
A:D2T2E2VAS
1. Support of the spouses, their common
children and the legitimate children of
eitherspouse;
2. Debts and obligations contracted by
onewithouttheconsentoftheotherto
theextentthatthefamilybenefited;
3. Debtsandobligationscontractedduring
the marriage by an administrator
spouse, both spouses or one with the
consentoftheother;
4. Taxes, liens, charges, expenses upon
conjugalproperty;
5. Taxes and expenses for mere
preservationofseparateproperty;
6. Expensesforprofessional,vocational or
selfimprovement courses of either
spouse;
7. Antenuptial debts to the extent the
familyhasbeenbenefited;
8. Value of what is donated or promised
to common legitimate children for
professional, vocation or self
improvementcourses;
9. Expensesoflitigation.
5.ADMINISTRATIONOFTHECPG
A:
GR:Itbelongstobothspousesjointly.
Butsuchpowersdonotinclude:DAE
a.Disposition;
b.Alienation;or
c. Encumbrance of the conjugal or
communityproperty.
Q:Incaseofdisagreement,whosedecisionshall
prevail?
A:Thatofthehusbandbutsubjecttorecourseto
thecourtbythewifeforproperremedy.
Note:Prescriptiveperiodforrecourseis5yearsfrom
thedateofthecontractimplementingsuchdecision.
6.DISSOLUTIONOFCPGREGIME
Q:Howistheconjugalpartnershipterminated?
A:
1. Deathofeitherspouse;
2. Legalseparation;
3. Annulment;
4. Judicial separation of property during
marriage.
7.LIQUIDATIONOFTHECONJUGAL
PARTNERSHIPASSETSANDLIABILITIES
Q: What are the steps in the liquidation of the
CPG?
A:R2D4IPA
1. Inventoryofalltheproperties;
2. Restitutionofadvancesmadetoeachof
thespouses;
3. Reimbursement for use of exclusive
funds;
4. Debts and obligations of the CP are
paid;
5. Deliveryofexclusiveproperties;
A:
1. Any disposition or encumbrance made
by the surviving spouse involving
community property of the terminated
marriageshallbevoid.
2. Should the surviving spouse contract a
subsequent marriage a mandatory
regime of complete separation of
property shall govern the property
relationsofthesubsequentmarriage
F.SEPARATIONOFPROPERTYOFTHESPOUSES
ANDADMINISTRATIONOFCOMMONPROPERTY
BYONESPOUSEDURINGTHEMARRIAGE
Q:Inwhatwayscantherebejudicialseparation
ofproperty?
A:CJLASA
1. Civil interdiction of the spouse of
petitioner;
2. Judicialdeclarationofabsence;
3. Lossofparentalauthorityasdecreedby
thecourt;
4. Abandonmentorfailuretocomplywith
familyobligation;
5. Administrator spouse has abused
authority;
6. Separation in fact for one year and
reconciliationishighlyimprobable.
A:
1. The absolute community or conjugal
partnershipisdissolved;
2. The liability of the spouses to creditors
shall be solidary with their separate
properties;
3. Mutualobligationtosupporteachother
continues;
XPN:Whenthereislegalseparation
G.REGIMEOFSEPARATIONOFPROPERTY
A:
1. Marriagesettlement
2. FamilyCodeinsuppletorycharacter.
Q:Whatarethekindsofseparationofproperty?
A:
1. Astoextent:
a.Total
b. Partial In this case, the property not
agreeduponasseparateshallpertainto
theabsolutecommunity.
2. Astokindsofproperty:
a.Presentproperty
b.Futureproperty
c.Bothpresentandfutureproperty
A:
1. Each spouse shall administer, dispose
of, own, possess, and enjoy his or her
ownseparateproperty,withoutneedof
theconsentoftheother.
2. Eachspouseshallownallearningsfrom
his or her profession, business and
industryandallfruits,natural,industrial
or civil, due or received during the
marriage from his or her separate
property.
Q:Whataretheliabilitiesforfamilyexpensesof
the spouses under the regime of separation of
property?
A:
GR: Both spouses shall bear the family
expensesinproportiontotheirincome.
52
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
H.PROPERTYREGIMEOFUNIONSWITHOUT
MARRIAGE
A:
ART.147 ART.148
Applicability
1. No
legal
impedi
ment
to
marry;
2. Void
marriag
eon
the
ground
of
psychol
ogical
incapac
ity.
Presenceoflegalimpediment:
1. Adulterous
relationships
2. Bigamous/polygamous
marriages
3. Incestuousvoid
marriagesunderArt37
4. Voidmarriagesby
reasonofpublicpolicy
(Art.38)
Salaries&wages
Ownedinequal
shares
Separatelyownedbythe
parties.Ifanyismarried,
his/hersalarypertainstothe
CPGofthelegitimatemarriage.
Propertyexclusivelyacquired
Belongstoparty
uponproofof
acquisition
throughexclusive
funds
Belongstosuchparty
Propertyacquiredbyboththroughtheirworkor
industry
Governedby
rulesofco
ownership
Ownedincommonin
proportiontotheirrespective
contributions
Presumption
Property
acquiredwhile
livingtogether
presumed
obtainedbytheir
jointefforts,
workorindustry
andownedby
theminequal
shares.
Ifonepartydid
notparticipatein
acquisition:
presumedto
havecontributed
throughcareand
maintenanceof
familyand
household
(Buenaventura
v.
Buenaventura,
G.R.No.127358,
Mar.31,2005)
Nopresumptionofjoint
acquisition.
Actualjointcontributionof
money,propertyorindustry
shallbeownedbythemin
commonproportion.
However,theircontributions
arepresumedequal,inthe
absenceifprooftothecontrary
Forfeiture
Whenonlyoneis
inGF,shareof
partyinBFinthe
coownershipbe
forfeitedinfavor
of:
1. their
common
children
2. innocent
party
indefaultof/
waiverbyany/all
common
children,orby
their
descendants
Ifoneofthepartiesisvalidly
marriedtoanother,his/her
shareinthecoownershipshall
accruetotheACPorCPG
existinginthemarriage.
IfthepartywhoactedinBFis
notvalidlymarriedtoanother
orifbothpartiesareinBF,such
sharebeforfeitedinmanner
providedinlastparofArt.147
Proofofactualcontribution
Notnecessary Necessary
UnderArt.148,onlythepropertiesacquiredbyboth
parties through their actual joint contribution of
moneypropertyorindustryshallbeownedbythem
in proportion to their respective contributions.
(Agapayv.Palang,G.R.No.116726,July28,1997)
Note:Inthiscase,Franciscohimselftestifiedthathis
wife was not a plain housewife but one who helped
him in managing the family's business. Hence,
Ermindaisrightfullyentitledtoajointshareintheir
properties. (Gonzales v. Gonzales,G.R. No. 159521,
Dec.16,2005)
Q:In1989,Rico,thenawidowerforty(40)years
ofage,cohabitedwithCora,awidowthirty(30)
years of age. While living together, they
acquired from their combined earnings a parcel
of riceland. After Rico and Cora separated, Rico
livedtogetherwithMabel,amaidensixteen(16)
years of age. While living together, Rico was a
54
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
A:
1. Rico and Cora are the coowners of the
riceland. The relations is that of co
ownership (Art. 147, Family Code, first
paragraph).
VI.THEFAMILY
A.THEFAMILYASANINSTITUTION
Q:Whatisincludedinfamilyrelations?
A:
1. Betweenhusbandandwife
2. Betweenparentsandchildren
3. Among other ascendants and
descendants
4. Amongbrothersandsisters,whetherof
thefullothalfblood.
Q:Whatgovernsfamilyrelations?
A:Thelaw.
Q:Whataretherequisitesbeforeasuitbetween
membersofthesamefamilymayprosper?
A:
1. Earnest efforts toward a compromise
havebeenmade;
2. Sucheffortsfailed;
3. The fact that earnest efforts toward a
compromise have been made but the
samehavefailedappearsintheverified
complaintorpetition..
56
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
B.THEFAMILYHOME
A:Itisthedwellinghousewherethehusbandand
wife and their family reside, and the land on
whichitissituated;itisconstitutedjointlybythe
husbandandthewifeorbyanunmarriedheadof
afamily.
Q:CanFHbeconstitutedonahouseconstructed
onalandbelongingtoanother?
A:No.
Reason:Thelandwherethehouseiserectedisan
integralpartofthehomeandthehomeshouldbe
permanentincharacter.
A:LTPM
1. Debts due to Laborers, mechanics,
architects, builders, material men and
others who rendered service or
furnished materials for the constitution
ofthebuilding;
2. NonpaymentofTaxes;
3. DebtsincurredPriortoconstitution;
4. Debts secured by Mortgages on the
familyhome.
A:Itisnotexempt.UnderArt.155oftheFC,the
family home shall be exempt from execution,
forced sale, or attachment except for, among
other things, debts incurred prior to the
constitution of the family home. In the case at
bar, the house and lot was not constituted as a
familyhome,whetherjudiciallyorextrajudicially,
at the time that the debtor incurred her debts.
Under prevailing jurisprudence, it is deemed
constitutedassuchbyoperationoflawonlyupon
the effectivity of the Family Code on August 3,
1988, thus, the debts were incurred before the
constitutionofthefamilyhome.(GomezSalcedo,
et al. v. Sta. Ines, et al.,G.R. No. 132537, Oct. 14,
2005)
Q:Whataretheguidelinesintheconstitutionof
thefamilyhome?
A:1SAPOC
1. FHisdeemedconstitutedfromthetime
of Actual occupation as a family
residence;
2. Only1FHmaybeconstituted;
3. Must be Owned by the person
constitutingit;
4. MustbePermanent;
5. Same rule applies to both valid and
voidable marriages and even to
common law spouses; (Arts. 147 and
148)
6. It Continues despite death of one or
both spouses or an unmarried head of
the family for 10 years or as long as
thereisaminorbeneficiary.
Q:WhoarethebeneficiariesofaFH?
A:
1. Husband and wife, or unmarried head
ofthefamily
2. Parents (may include parentsinlaw),
ascendants, brothers and sisters
(legitimate or illegitimate) living in the
FH and dependent on the head of the
familyforsupport
Q:Whataretherequisitesinthesale,alienation,
donation, assignment or encumbrance of the
FH?
A:Thefollowingmustgivetheirwrittenconsent:
1. ThepersonwhoconstitutedtheFH;
2. The spouse of the person who
constitutedtheFH;
Note:Incaseofconflict,courtshalldecide.
57
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Q: What are the requisites for the creditor to
availoftherighttoexecute?
A:
1. Hemustbeajudgmentcreditor;
2. His claim must not be among those
exceptedunderArt.155;
3. He has reasonable grounds to believe
that the family home is worth more
thanthemaximumamountfixedinArt.
157.
A:
1. Creditor must filea motion in the court
proceeding where he obtained a
favorable judgment for a writ of
executionagainsttheFH;
2. There will be a hearing on the motion
where the creditor must prove that the
actual value of the FH exceeds the
maximum amount fixed by the Family
Code, either at the time of its
constitution or as a result of
improvements introduced after its
constitution;
3. If the creditor proves that the actual
valueexceedsthemaximumamout,the
courtwillorderitssaleinexecution;
4. Ifthefamilyhomeissoldformorethan
thevalueallowed,theproceedsshallbe
appliedasfollows:
a. TheobligationsenumeratedinArt.
155mustbepaid
b. The judgment in favor of the
creditor will be paid, plus all the
costsofexecution
The excess, if any, shall be delivered to the
judgmentdebtor(Art.160,FamilyCode).
VII.PATERNITYANDFILIATION
Q:Towhatdopaternityandfiliationreferto?
Q:Whataretheclassificationsoffiliation?
A:LILA
GENERALRULE EXCEPTIONS
Legitimate
Conceivedorbornwithinavalidmarriage
Illegitimate
Conceivedandbornoutsideavalidmarriage
Legitimated
Conceivedorbornoutsideofwedlockofparents
withoutimpedimenttomarryatthetimeof
conceptionandhadsubsequentlymarried.
RequisitesofLegitimation:
1. Nolegalimpedimentforparentstomarry
attimeofconception;
2. Validmarriagesubsequenttochildsbirth.
Adopted
(PleaserefertorelatednotesonAdoptionlaws)
A.LEGITIMATECHILDREN
Q: When is a child conceived by artificial
inseminationconsideredlegitimate?
A:Thefollowingconditionsmustbepresent:
1. The artificial insemination is made on
thewife,notonanotherwoman;
2. Theartificialinseminationonthewifeis
done with thesperm of the husband or
of a donor, or both the husband and a
donor;
3. The artificial insemination has been
authorized or ratified by the spouse on
a written instrument executed and
signed by them before the birth of the
child;and
4. The written instrument is recorded in
the civilregistry together with the birth
certificateofthechild.
A:Thechildshallbeconsideredasconceived
duringthe:
1. Formermarriageifchildisborn:
a. Before 180 days after the
solemnization of the subsequent
marriage,provideditisborn
b. Within 300 days after termination
offormermarriage
2. Subsequentmarriageifachildborn:
Illustrations:
1. 180
th
daytakesplacebefore300
th
day
2. 180
th
daytakesplaceafter300
th
day
Former marriage
terminated
Subsequent marriage
solemnized
Born during this period:
Born during this period:
Conceived during Subsequent Marriage
180th day from
solemnization of
subsequent marriage
300th day from
termination of
former marriage
Former marriage
terminated
Subsequent marriage
solemnized
Born during this period:
Conceived during Former Marriage
Born during this period:
Conceived during Subsequent Marriage
PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS
Q:Distinguishactiontoimpugnlegitimacyand
actiontoclaimlegitimacy.
A:
59
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
ACTIONTOIMPUGN
LEGITIMACY
ACTIONTOCLAIM
LEGITIMACY
Remedy
Actiontoimpugn
legitimacyorillegitimacy
Actiontoclaim
legitimacy
(compulsory
recognition)
Realpartyininterest
GR:Husband
XPN:Heirs,incases
where:
1. Husbanddied
beforethe
expirationofthe
periodforbringing
theaction;
2. Husbanddiedafter
filingthe
complaint,without
havingdesisted;
3. Childwasborn
afterthedeathof
husband.
GR:Child
XPN:Heirsofthechild,
incaseswhere:
1. Childdiedinstate
ofinsanity
2. Childdiedduring
minority
Note:Mustbefiled
within5years.
Prescription
1yearhusbandreside
inthesamemunicipality
orcitywherebirthtook
place
2yearshusband
resideNOTinthesame
municipalityorcity
3yearshusbandis
livingabroad
GR:Duringthelifetime
ofthechild
XPN:Lifetimeofthe
putativefather
Incaseswherethe
actionisforthe
recognitionof
illegitimatechildby
openandcontinuous
possessionofthe
status.
Q:Whatarethegroundstoimpugnlegitimacyof
thechild?
A:
1. Physicalimpossibilityforthehusbandto
have sexual intercourse with his wife
withinthefirst120daysofthe300days
which immediately preceded the birth
ofthechildbecauseof:
a. Physical incapacity of the husband
tohavesexualintercoursewithhis
wife,
b. Thefactthatthehusbandandwife
were living separately in such a
way that sexual intercourse was
notpossible,or
c. Serious illness of the husband
which absolutely prevented
intercourse;
CLAIMINGFILIATION
A:
GR: The right to claim filiation may be used
onlybythechild.Itisnottransmissibletothe
heirs.
XPN:Incaseswherechilddied:
1. Duringminorityor
2. Inastateofinsanity.
Q:Whenshouldanactiontoclaimlegitimacybe
brought?
A:Itdependsonwhoisbringingtheaction:
1. Bythechildduringhislifetime
2. By his heirs within 5 years should the
childdieduringminorityorinastateof
insanity
Note:Questioninglegitimacymaynotbecollaterally
attacked.Itcanbeimpugnedonlyinadirectaction.
B.PROOFOFFILIATION
1. Primaryproofconsistsoftheff:
a. Record of birth appearing in civil
registrarorfinaljudgment;
b. Admission of legitimate filiation in
public document or private
handwritten instrument signed by
parentconcerned.
2. Secondaryconsistsoftheff:
a. Open and continuous possession
oflegitimacy;
b. AnymeansallowedbytheRulesof
Courtandbyspeciallaws.
Note:Continuousdoesnotmeanthattheconcession
of status shall continue foreverbut onlythat it shall
not be of an intermittent character while it
continues.Thepossessionofsuchstatusmeansthat
the father has treated the child as his own, directly
and not through others, spontaneously and without
concealmentthoughwithoutpublicity.
Q:Whataretherulesonprovingfiliation?
A:
GR: Primary proof shall be used to prove
filiation.
60
XPN: In absence of primary proof, secondary
proofmayberesortedto.
Q:Rosanna,assurvivingspouse,filedaclaimfor
death benefits with the SSS upon the death of
her husband, Pablo. She indicated in her claim
thatthedecedentisalsosurvivedbytheirminor
child, Jeylynn, who was born in 1991. The SSS
granted her claim but this was withdrawn after
investigation, when a sister of the decedent
informed the system that Pablo could not have
sired a child during his lifetime because he was
infertile. However in Jeylynns birth certificate,
Pablo affixed his signature and he did not
impugn Jeylynns legitimacy during his lifetime.
Was the SSS correct in withdrawing the death
benefits?
A:Yes.CitingtheearliercaseofDeJesusv.Estate
ofJuanDizon,(366SCRA499),theSupremeCourt
held that the Ma. Theresa was able to establish
that Vicente was in fact her father. The due
recognition of an illegitimate child in a record of
birth,awill,astatementbeforeacourtofrecord,
or in any authentic writing is, in itself, a
consummated act of acknowledgment of the
child,andnofurthercourtactionisrequired.The
ruleis,anyauthenticwritingistreatednotjustas
a ground for compulsory recognition; it is in itself
a voluntary recognition that does not require a
separate action for judicial approval. (Eceta v.
Eceta,G.R.No.157037,May20,2004)
Q:GerardoandMa.Theresa,however,admitted
that the child was their son. Will this affect the
statusofthechild?
A:No.Theadmissionofthepartiesthatthechild
wastheirsonwasinthenatureofacompromise.
The rule is that the status and filiation of a child
cannotbecompromised.Art.164oftheFCisclear
that a child who is conceived or born during the
marriage of hisparents is legitimate. (Concepcion
v.CA,G.R.No.123450.Aug.31,2005)
Q:WhatistheeffectofMa.Theresasclaimthat
thechildisherillegitimatechildwithhersecond
husbandtothestatusofthechild?
Insaidbirthcertificate,itwasindicatedthather
birth was recorded as the legitimate child of
RamonandVanBolatis,andcontainsaswellthe
word"married"toreflecttheunionbetweenthe
two. However, it was not signed by Ramon and
Vanemon Bolatis. It was merely signed by the
attending physician, who certified to having
attended to the birth of a child. Does the
presumptionoflegitimacyapplytoCherimon?
support,heldthattheplaintiffminoristhechild
of the defendant with the plaintiffminor's
mother. Was the trial court correct in holding
such?
Note:Thebirthcertificatethatwaspresentedbythe
plaintiffminor appears to have been prepared
without the knowledge or consent of the putative
father. It is therefore not a competent piece of
evidenceonpaternity.Thelocalcivilregistrarinthis
case has no authority to record the paternity of an
illegitimate child on the information of a third
person. Similarly, a baptismal certificate, while
considered a public document, can only serve as
evidence of the administration of the sacrament on
thedatespecifiedthereinbutnottheveracityofthe
entries with respect to the child's paternity
(Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73). Thus,
certificates issued by the local civil registrar and
baptismal certificates are per se inadmissible in
evidence as proof of filiation and they cannot be
admitted indirectly as circumstantial evidence to
prove the same (Jison v. CA, 350 Phil. 138).
(Cabataniav.CA,G.R.No.124814.Oct.21,2004)
62
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
C.ILLEGITIMATECHILDREN
Q:Whoareillegitimatechildren?
A:Childrenconceivedandbornoutsideavalid
marriage.
A:RAP
1. Filiation has been Recognized by the
father through the record of birth
appearinginthecivilregister
2. Admissioninpublicdocument
3. Privatehandwritteninstrumentismade
bythefather
D.LEGITIMATEDCHILDREN
Q:Whatislegitimation?
Q:Whoareentitledtolegitimation?
Q:Arechildrenbornofparents,whoatthetime
of conception and birth, were minors may be
legitimated?
A:
1. Child must have been conceived and
bornoutsideofwedlock;
2. Childs parents, at the time of formers
conception, were not disqualified by
anyimpedimenttomarryeachother;
3. The subsequent valid marriage of the
parents.(Art.177,NCC)
WasthemarriageofRoderickandFayevalid?
WhatisthefiliationstatusofLaica?
RIGHTSOFCHILDREN
A:
LEGITIMATE
CHILDREN
ILLEGITIMATE
CHILDREN
Surname
Bearthesurnamesof
bothparents(mother
andfather)
Bearthesurnameof
eitherthemotheror
thefatherunderR.A.
9255
Support
Receivesupportfrom:
1. Parents;
2. Ascendants;and
3. inpropercases,
brothersand
sistersunderArt
174.
Receivesupport
accordingtoprovision
ofFC
Legitime
FullLegitimesand
othersuccessional
rightsundertheCivil
Code
Shareisequivalentto
oftheshareofa
legitimatechild
Periodforfilingactionforclaimoflegitimacyor
illegitimacy
His/herwholelifetime
regardlessoftypeof
proofprovidedunder
Art172
Forprimaryproof:
his/herwholelifetime
Forsecondaryproof:
onlyduringthelifetime
oftheallegedparent
Transmissibilityofrighttofileanactiontoclaim
legitimacy
Yes No
Righttoinheritabintesto
Yes
Norighttoinheritab
intestofromlegitimate
childrenandrelativesof
fatherandmother
underArt992,NCC
(IronCurtainRule)
64
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
VIII.ADOPTION
A.DOMESTICADOPTIONLAW
1.WHOCANADOPT
Q:Whomayadopt?
A:
1. Filipino;
2. Alien;
3. Guardianwithrespecttohisward.
A:LPGFEC16
1. MustbeofLegalage;
2. InaPositiontocareforhischildren;
3. Goodmoralcharacter;
4. Fullcivilcapacityandlegalrights;
5. Not been Convicted of any crime
involvingmoralturpitude;
6. Emotionallyandpsychologicallycapable
ofcaringforchildren;
7. GR: At least 16 years older than
adoptee
XPN:Itisnotnecessarythatadopterbe
atleast16yearsolder:
a. Adopter is the biological parent of
theadoptee,
b. Adopteristhespouseofadoptees
parent.
A:SD3
1. Possesses Same qualifications as those
enumeratedforFilipinoadopters;
2. His country has Diplomatic relations
withthePhilippines;
3. GR: Has been living in the Philippines
for at least 3 continuous years prior to
the application for adoption and
maintainssuchresidenceuntiladoption
decreehasbeenentered.
XPN:
a. He is a former Filipino who seeks
to adopt a relative within the 4
th
degreeofconsanguinityoraffinity,
c. He is married to a Filipino and
seeks to adopt the legitimate or
illegitimate child of his filipino
spouse.
Q:Howmayaguardianadopthisward?
A:
GR: Such person must adopt with his spouse
jointly. The general rule is that husband and
wifeshalljointlyadopt.
XPN:
1. One spouse seeks to adopt the
legitimatechildoftheother;
2. One spouse seeks to adopt his own
illegitimatechild;
3. Spousesarelegallyseparated.
A:Yes.Section7Article3ofR.A.8552reads:Sec.
7Husbandandwifeshalljointlyadopt,xxx.
65
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
ADOPTEE.
Q:Whomaybeadopted?
A:
1. Any person below 18 of age who has
been administratively or judicially
declaredavailableforadoption;
2. Legitimate child of one spouse by the
otherspouse;
3. Illegitimate child by a qualified adopter
to improve the status of said child to
thatoflegitimacy;
4. Person of legal age, if prior to the
adoption, said person has been
consistently considered and treated by
adoptersastheirchildsinceminority;
5. Child whose adoption has been
previouslyrescinded;
6. Child whose biological parents have
died provided no proceedings have
been initiated within 6 months from
timeofdeath.
Q:Whatisthedefinitionofchild?
A:Achildisanypersonbelow18yearsold.
Q:Whatisthedefinitionofchildlegallyfreefor
adoption?
A:
1. Adoptee,if10yearsofageandover;
2. Biological parents of the child, if known
or the legal guardian, or the proper
government instrumentality which has
legalcustodyofthechild;
3. Legitimatechildrenoftheadopter,if10
yearsoldorover;
4. Illegitimate children of the adopter, if
10yearsoldoroverandlivingwithhim;
5. Spouseoftheadopted,ifmarried;
6. Spouseoftheadopter,ifmarried.
Q:Bernadettefiledapetitionforadoptionofthe
threeminorchildrenofherlatebrother,Ian.She
allegedthatwhenherbrotherdied,thechildren
were left to the care of their paternal
grandmother, Anna, who went to Italy. This
grandmotherdiedhowever,andsoshefiledthe
petition for adoption. The minors gave their
writtenconsenttotheadoptionandsodidallof
her own grownup children. The trial court
grantedthedecreeofadoptioneventhoughthe
written consent of the biological mother of the
children was not adduced by Bernadette. Was
the trial court correct in granting the decree of
adoption?
A:
1. Attemptonthelifeoftheadoptee;
2. Sexualassaultorviolence;
3. Abandonment and failure to comply
withparentalobligations;
4. Repeated physical or verbal
maltreatmentbytheadopter.
Note:Adoptercannotrescindbutmaydisinheritthe
adoptee.
A:
1. Groundless accusation against the
testator of a crime punishable by 6
yearsormoreimprisonment;
2. Found guilty of attempt against the life
of the testator, his/her spouse,
descendantorascendant;
3. Causesthetestatortomakechangesor
changes a testators will through
violence, intimidation, fraud or undue
influence;
4. Maltreatment of the testator by word
ordeed;
5. Conviction of a crime which carries a
penaltyofcivilinterdiction;
6. Adultery or concubinage with the
testatorswife;
7. Refusal without justifiable cause to
supporttheparentorascendant;
8. Leadsadishonorableordisgracefullife.
Q:Whataretheeffectsofadoption?
A:
1. GR: Severance of all legal ties between
the biological parents and the adoptee
and the same shall then be vested on
theadopters
XPN: In cases where the biological
parentisthespouseoftheadopter;
Q:Statetheeffectsofrescissionoftheadoption
intheDomesticAdoptionActof1998(RA8552).
A:
1. If adoptee is still a minor or is
incapacitatedRestorationof:
a. Parentalauthorityoftheadoptees
biologicalparents,ifknownor
b. LegalcustodyoftheDSWD;
2. Reciprocal rights and obligations of the
adopters and adoptee to each other
shallbeextinguished;
3. Court shall order the civil registrar to
cancel the amended certificate of birth
of the adoptee and restore his/her
originalbirthcertificate;
4. Succession rights shall revert to its
status prior to adoption, but only as of
the date of judgment of judicial
rescission;
5. Vested rights acquired prior to judicial
rescissionshallberespected.
66
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
ThereisalegalobstacletotheadoptionofSandy
by Andrew and Elena. Andrew and Elena cannot
adoptjointlybecausetheyarenotmarried.
CanJonandJanelegallymarry?
67
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
B.INTERCOUNTRYADOPTIONACTOF1995.
(RA8043).
ADOPTER
Q:Whomayadopt?
A:
1. Anyalien;
2. Filipino citizen, both permanently
residingabroad.
A:
1. Atleast27yearsoldand16yearsolder
thanthechildtobeadoptedatthetime
of the application unless adopter is the
parentbynatureofthechild;
2. If married, his spouse must jointly file
foradoption;
3. Has the capacity to act or assume all
rights and responsibilities of parental
authority;
4. Notbeenconvictedofacrimeinvolving
moralturpitude;
5. Eligibletoadoptunderhisnationallaw;
6. In a position to provide for proper care
and support and give necessary moral
values;
7. Agreestoupholdthebasicrightsofthe
child mandated by the UN convention
of rights of Child and the Philippine
Laws;
8. Comes from a country with which the
Philippines has diplomatic relations and
adoption is allowed under his national
law;
9. Possesses all the qualifications and
none of the disqualifications under the
laworotherapplicablePhilippinelaws.
Whilethepetitionforadoptionwasfiledin1990,
it was considered refiled upon the effectivity of
R.A. 8552. This is the law applicable, the petition
being still pending with the lower court. Under
the Act, Sarah and Sonny must adopt jointly
because they do not fall in any of the exceptions
where one of them may adopt alone. When
husband and wife must adopt jointly, the
Supreme Court has held in a line of cases that
both of them must be qualified to adopt. While
Sarah, an alien, is qualified to adopt, for being a
former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a
relative within the 4
th
degree of consanguinity or
affinity, Sonny, an alien, is not qualified to adopt
becauseheisneitheraformerFilipinocitizennor
68
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
ADOPTEE
Q:Whomaybeadopted?
Q:Whatisthedefinitionofchild?
A:Achildisanypersonbelow15yearsold.
Q:Whatisalegallyfreechild?
XPN:
1. Adoptionbyrelative;
2. Childwithspecialmedicalcondition.
INTERCOUNTRYADOPTIONBOARD
Q:Whatistrialcustody?
A:Itisthepreadoptiverelationshipwhichranges
6 months from the time of the placement. It
starts from the actual transfer of the child to the
applicant who, as actual custodian, shall exercise
substitute parental authority over the person of
thechild
Note:
1. Ifunsatisfactorytherelationshipshallbe
suspended by the board and the foreign
adoption agency shall arrange for the
childsvoluntarycare.
2. IfsatisfactorytheBoardshallsubmitthe
written consent of the adoption to the
foreign adoption agency within 30 days
aftertherequestofthelattersrequest.
IX.SUPPORT
Q:Whatissupport?
Q:Whatarethecharacteristicsofsupport?
A:PRIMPEN
1. Personal
2. Reciprocalonthepartofthosewhoare
bylawboundtosupporteachother
3. Intransmissible
4. Mandatory
5. Provisional character of support
judgment
6. Exemptfromattachmentorexecution
7. Notsubjecttowaiverorcompensation
A.WHATITCOMPRISES
Q:Whatcomprisessupport?
A:Supportcomprisesofeverythingindispensable
for:SDCMET
1. Sustenance
2. Dwelling
3. Clothing
4. Medicalattendance
5. Education includes schooling or
training for some profession, trade or
Q:Whataretherulesontheamountofsupport?
Q:Whatarethedifferentkindsofsupport?
A:
1. Legalrequiredorgivenbylaw;
2. Judicialrequiredbycourt;
Maybe:
a. Pendentelite
b. Inafinaljudgment
3. Conventionalbyagreement.
69
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
2. CPG:
a. Property of the debtorspouse is
liable.
b. If the debtor spouse has no
property or the same is
insufficient, it may be enforced
againsttheconjugalproperty.
B.WHOAREOBLIGED
A:
1. Spouses;
2. Legitimateascendants&descendants;
3. Parents and their legitimate children,
and the legitimate and illegitimate
childrenofthelatter;
4. Parents and their illegitimate children,
and the legitimate and illegitimate
childrenofthelatter;
5. Legitimatebrothersandsisterswhether
fullorhalfblood.
A:
GR:Yes.
Q:Whatarethesourcesofsupport?
A:
SOURCESOFSUPPORT
During
Marriage
PendingLitigation
After
Litigation
Spouses
Fromthe
community
property
ACP
CPG
Support is
considered an
advance of such
spousesshare.
XPN:Ifthere
isLegal
Separation.
Inwhich
case,the
courtmay
requirethe
guiltyspouse
togive
support
Children
Fromthe
community
property
Fromthe
community
property
Fromthe
separate
propertiesof
thespouses
Q:Towhomdoestheliabilitytosupportdevolve
upon?
A:Inthefollowingorder:SDAB
1. Spouse
2. Descendants in the in the nearest
degree
3. Ascendantsinthenearestdegree
4. Brothersandsisters
Theobligationtogivesupportrestsprincipallyon
those more closely related to the recipient.
However,themoreremoterelativesmaybeheld
toshouldertheresponsibilityshouldtheclaimant
prove that those who are called upon to provide
support do not have the means to do so. Here,
since it has been shown that the girls' father,
Federico, had no means to support them, then
Francisco, as the girls grandfather, should then
extendthesupportneededbythem.
70
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
C.SUPPORTDURINGMARRIAGELITIGATION
Q:Arethespousesstillobligedtorendermutual
support after final judgment granting the
petition?
A:
GR: No. The obligation of mutual support ceases
afterfinaljudgment.
Q:Whatistheamountofsupport?
A:Amountshallbeinproportiontotheresources
ormeansofthegiverandtothenecessitiesofthe
recipient.
E.WHENDEMANDABLE
#
Q:Whenshallsupportbepaid?
A:
1. ToGiveafixedmonthlyallowance;or
2. ToReceiveandmaintaintherecipientin
thegivershomeorfamilydwelling.
G.ATTACHMENT
A:
GR: No. The right to receive support
andanymoneyorpropertyobtainedas
support cannot be attached no be
subject to execution to satisfy any
judgmentagainsttherecipient.
Q:NoelhelpedLeabyextendingfinancialhelpto
support Leas children with Edward. May Noel
seekreimbursementofhiscontributions?Ifyes,
fromwhommayhedoso?
If,inacriminalcase,anaccusedwhoseverylifeis
at stake can be compelled to submit to DNA
testing, so much more so may a party in a civil
case, who doesnot face such dire consequences,
belikewisecompelled.DNAtestinganditsresults
is now acceptable as object evidence without
runningafoulselfincriminationrightsofaperson.
(Agustinv.CA,GRNo.162571,Jun.15,2005)
X.PARENTALAUTHORITY
A.GENERALPROVISIONS
Q:Whatispatriapotestas?
A:Thesumtotaloftherightsofparentsoverthe
persons and property of their unemancipated
child.
Q:Whatdoesparentalauthorityinclude?
A:Itshallinclude:
1. Caring for and rearing of such children
forcivicconsciousnessandefficiency;
2. Development of their moral, mental
andphysicalcharacterandwellbeing.
A:JoNaRePuTe
1. Jointly exercised by the father and
mother;
2. Naturalrightanddutyoftheparents;
3. Cannot be Renounced, transferred or
waived;
XPN:Incasesauthorizedbylaw;
4. Purelypersonal;
5. Temporary.
A:
1. The father and the mother shall jointly
exercise parental authority over the
personsoftheircommonchildren.
A:Thenaturalparents,whoareofgoodcharacter
andwhocanreasonablyprovideforthechildare
ordinarily entitled to custody as against all
persons.
A:ParentdesignatedbytheCourt.
Q:WhatshalltheCourttakeintoaccountinthe
designationoftheparent?
73
A:Intheabsenceofajudicialgrantofcustodyto
one parent, both are entitled to the custody of
theirchild/children.
Theparentwhohasbeendeprivedoftherightful
custody of the child may resort to the remedy of
habeas corpus. (Salientes v. Abanilla, G.R. No.
162734,Aug.29,2006)
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
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VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Note:However,theCAerredinapplyingSec.6,Rule
99 of the Rules of Court. This provision applies only
when the parents of the child are married to each
other but areseparated eitherby virtue of a decree
of legal separation or because they are leaving
separately de facto. In this case, the child's parents
were never married. Hence, the portion of the CA
decisionallowingthechild,uponreachingtheageof
ten, to choose which parent to live, should be
deletedtherefrom.(Brionesv.Miguel,etal.,G.R.No.
156343.Oct.18,2004)
A:No.Theassailedorderofthetrialcourtdidnot
grant custody of the minor to any of the parties
but was merely a procedural directive addressed
to the petitioners for them to produce the minor
in court and explain why they are restraining his
liberty. Moreover, Art. 213 of the FC deals with
the adjudication of custody and serves as a
guideline for the proper award ofcustody by the
court. While the petitioners can raise it as a
counter argument in the custody suit, it may not
however be invoked by them to prevent the
fatherfromseeingthechild.
A:GOC
1. SurvivingGrandparent;
2. Oldestbrotherorsister,over21years;
XPN:unfitordisqualified
3. ActualCustodianover21year;
XPN:unfitordisqualified
75
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
C.EFFECTSOFPARENTALAUTHORITYUPONTHE
PERSONOFTHECHILDREN
A:
GR: Parents are never deprived of the
custodyandcareoftheirchildren.
XPNS:
1. Forcause
Note: the law presumes that the
childs welfare will be best served in
thecareandcontrolofhisparents.
A:
GR: Parents are dutybound to represent their
unemancipated children in all matters affecting
theirinterests;
A:Personsexercisingparentalauthoritymay:
1. Impose discipline on minor children as
mayberequiredunderthecircumstances.
A:Personsexercisingsuchrightisnotallowedto:
1. treat the child with excessive harshness or
cruelty;or
2.inflictcorporalpunishment.
Otherwise,thefollowingareitsconsequences:
1.Parentalauthoritymaybesuspended;
2. Parent concerned may be held criminally
liable for violation of RA 7160 (Special
Protection of Children against Abuse,
ExploitationandDiscriminationAct)
Q:Whatarethedistinctionsbetweensubstitute
parental authority and special parental
authority?
A:
76
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
SUBSTITUTE
PARENTALAUTHORITY
SPECIALPARENTAL
AUTHORITY
Exercisedincaseof:
DAU
1. Death,
2. Absence,or
3. Unsuitabilityof
parents.
1. Exercised
concurrentlywith
theparental
authorityofthe
parents;
2. Restsonthetheory
thatwhilethechild
isinthecustodyof
theperson
exercisingspecial
parentalauthority,
theparents
temporarily
relinquishparental
authorityoverthe
childtothelatter.
D.EFFECTSOFPARENTALAUTHORITYUPONTHE
PROPERTYOFTHECHILDREN
Q:Whenisaparentrequiredtopostabond?
A:
ADVENTITIOUS PROSFECTITIOUS
1. Earnedor
acquiredbythe
childthroughhis
workorindustry
byonerousor
gratuitoustitle;
2. Ownedbythe
child;
3. Childisalsothe
usufructuary,but
thechildsuseof
thepropertyshall
besecondaryto
allcollectivedaily
needsofthe
family;
4. Administeredby
theparents.
1. Property
givenbythe
parentstothe
childforthe
latterto
administer;
2. Ownedbythe
parents;
3. Parentsare
usufructuary;
4. Property
administered
bythechild.
A:
3. The property of minor children shall be
devotedtotheirsupportandeducation
unless the title or transfer provides
otherwise.
4. The parents have the right to use only
the fruits and income of said property
forthefollowingpurposes:
a. Primarily,tothechildssupport;
b. Secondarily, to the collective daily
needsofthefamily.
A:Theparents,aslegalguardiansoftheproperty
oftheirminorchildren,donothavethepowerto
dispose or encumber the property of the latter,
such power is granted by law only to a judicial
guardian of the wards property, and even then,
only with the courts prior approval, secured in
accordance with the proceedings set forth under
theRulesofCourt.
A:
GR: The parents, as legal guardians of the
minors property, may validly lease the
same, even without court authorization,
XPNS:Courtauthorizationisrequiredif:
1. If the lease will be recorded in the
RegistryofProperty;
2. If the lease is for a period of more
than one year, because this is already
deemedanactofdominion.
77
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
E.SUSPENSIONORTERMINATIONOFPARENTAL
AUTHORITY
Q:Whenisparentalauthorityterminated?
A:
1. Permanent:DED
a. Deathofparents;
b. Emancipationofthechild;
c. Deathofchild.
2. Temporary:AGAFIAitmayberevived
a. Adoptionofthechild;
b. AppointmentofgeneralGuardian;
c. Judicial declaration of
Abandonment;
d. Finaljudgmentdivestingparentsof
PA;
e. IncapacityofparentexercisingPA;
f. JudicialdeclarationofAbsence.
Q:WhatarethegroundsforsuspensionofPA?
A:CHAINB
1. Gives Corrupting orders, counsel and
example;
2. Treats child with excessive Harshness
andcruelty;
3. Subjects/allows child be subjected to
Actsoflasciviousness;
4. Convictionofcrimewithpenaltyofcivil
Interdiction;
5. Culpable Negligence of parent or
personexercisingPA;
6. CompelschildtoBeg.
A:Theremustbeacasefiledforthepurposeorin
the same proceeding if the court finds that the
cause therefore had ceased and will not be
repeated.
XPN:Incaseauthorizedbylaw.
XI.EMANCIPATION
Q:Howdoesemancipationtakeplace?
A:Byattainmentofmajorityattheageof(18)
eighteenyears.
Q:Whataretheeffectsofemancipation?
A:
1. Parental authority over the person and
propertyofthechildisterminated
2. Child shall be qualified and responsible
for all acts of civil life, save exceptions
establishedbyexistinglaws.
3. Contracting marriage shall require
parental consent until the age of (21)
twentyone.
4. The responsibility of parents or
guardians for children and wards below
(21) twentyone under the second and
thirdparagraphsofArt.2180oftheCivil
Codeshallnotbederogated.
XII.SUMMARYJUDICIALPROCEEDINGSINTHE
FAMILYLAW
A:
1. Petition for judicial authority to
administer or encumber specific
separate property of the abandoning
spouse.
2. Petition for an order providing for
disciplinarymeasuresoverachild.
3. Petitionforapprovalofbondofparents
who exercise parental authority over
thepropertyoftheirchildren.
4. Judicial declaration of presumptive
death.
5. Action of a child for delivery of
presumptivelegitime
6. Judicial determination of family
domicile in case of disagreement
betweenthespouses
7. Objection of one spouse as to the
professionoftheother.
A:Allcasesrequiringsummarycourtproceedings
shall be decided in an expeditious manner,
withoutregardtotechnicalrules.
A:No.InSummaryJudicialProceedingsunderthe
Family Code, there is no reglementary period
within which to perfect an appeal, precisely
because judgments rendered thereunder, by
express provision of Art. 247, Family Code, are
immediately final and executory. An appellate
court acquires no jurisdiction to review a
judgment which, by express provision of law, is
immediately final and executory. The right to
appealisnotanaturalrightnorisitapartofdue
process, for it is merely a statutory privilege.
Since, by express mandate of Article 247 of the
Family Code, all judgments rendered in summary
judicial proceedings in Family Law are
immediately final and executory, the right to
appeal was not granted to any of the parties
therein.TheRepublic,asoppositorinthepetition
for declaration of presumptive death, should not
be treated differently. It had no right to appeal
theRTCdecisionofNovember7,2001.TheRTC's
decision was immediately final and executory
upon notice to the parties. (Republic v.
BermudezLorino, G.R. No. 160258, January 19,
2005)
XIII.FINALPROVISIONS
Q:Whatistheruleontheretroactivityofthe
FamilyCode?
A:
GR:TheCodeshallhaveretroactiveeffect.
XPN:Noretroactivityifitwouldprejudicevested
rights.
Q:Whatisavestedright?
A:Somerightorinterestinpropertythathas
becomefixedorestablished,andisnolonger
opentodoubtorcontroversy.Rightsarevested
whentherighttoenjoyment,presentor
prospective,hasbecomethepropertyofsome
personaspresentinterest.
XIV.FUNERAL
Q:Whataretherulesregardingfuneral?
A:GeneralGuidelines:
1. Dutyandrighttomakearrangementsin
funerals in accordance with Art. 199,
FC:
a. Spouse,
b. Descendantsinthenearestdegree,
c. Ascendantsinthenearestdegree,
d. BrothersandSisters;
2. Funeralshallbe:
a. in keeping with the social position
ofthedeceased,
b. in accordance with the expressed
wishesofthedeceased,
c. Inabsenceoftheexpressedwishes,
his religious beliefs or affiliation
shalldetermine;
79
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
XV.USEOFSURNAMES
A:CLEARED
1. One has Continuously used and been
known since childhood by a Filipino
name and was unaware of alien
parentage;
2. The change results as a Legal
consequence,asinlegitimation;
3. There is a sincere desire to adopt a
Filipino name to Erase signs of former
alienage, all in good faith and without
prejudicinganyone;
4. ThechangewillAvoidconfusion;
5. Thenameis:
a. Ridiculous,
b. Extremely difficult to write or
pronounce,
c. Dishonorable.
A:
1. 3yearsresidencyintheprovincewhere
thechangeissoughtpriortothefiling;
2. Mustnotbefiledwithin30dayspriorto
anelection;
3. Petitionmustbeverified.
80
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
A:
CHILDCONCERNED SURNAMETOBEUSED
Legitimate
Fathers
Legitimated
Adopted Adopters
Illegitimate
MothersorFathersif
requisitesofR.A.9255
arecompliedwith
Conceivedpriorto
annulmentofmarriage
Fathers
Conceivedafter
annulmentofmarriage
Mothers
FACTUALCIRCUMSTANCE
OFTHEWIFE
SURNAMETOBE
USED
Validmarriage(before
husbanddies)
Art370
1. firstnameand
maidenname+
husbands
surname
2. firstname+
husbands
surname
3. husbandsfull
name+prefix
indicatingthatshe
ishiswife(e.g.
Mrs.)
4. retaintheuseof
hermaidenname
*useofhusbands
surnameisnotaduty
butmerelyanoption
forthewife
Marriageis
Annuled
Art.371
Wifeis
guiltyparty
Shallresumeusing
hermaidenname
Wifeis
innocent
Choices:
1. resumeusing
hermaiden
name
2. continueusing
husbands
surname
Unless:
a. court
decrees
otherwise;
b. sheorthe
former
husbandis
married
againto
another
person
LegallySeparated Wifeshallcontinue
Art.372 usingthenameand
surnameemployedby
herpriortothelegal
separation.
Divorced(atleastifthey
allowitlaterorforthose
whogotdivorcedduring
thejapaneseoccupation)
Choicessameas
widowedspouse.She
mayuseher
husbandssurname.
Art.373
Q:VirginiaRemo,aFilipinocitizen,ismarriedto
FranciscoRallonza.Inherpassport,thefollowing
entries appear: "Rallonza" as her surname,
"MariaVirginia"ashergivenname,and"Remo"
as her middle name. Prior to the expiration of
herpassport,Virginiaappliedfortherenewalof
her passport with the DFA, with a request to
revert to her maiden name and surname in the
replacementpassport.Virginia,relyingonArticle
370 of the Civil Code, contends that the use of
thehusbandssurnamebythewifeispermissive
ratherthanobligatory.IsVirginiacorrect?
A:No.Amarriedwomanhasanoption,butnota
duty,tousethesurnameofthehusbandinanyof
the ways provided by Article 370 of the Civil
Code. However, R.A. 8239 or the Philippine
Passport Act of 1996 limits the instances when a
married woman applicant may exercise the
option to revert to the use of her maiden name.
Theseare death of husband, divorce, annulment,
anddeclarationofnullityofmarriage.
Incaseofrenewalofpassport,amarriedwoman
may either adopt her husbands surname or
continuously use her maiden name. However,
once she opted to use her husbands surname in
her original passport, she may not revert to the
useofhermaidenname,exceptifanyofthefour
groundsprovidedunderR.A.8239ispresent.
A:AUD
1. Actual use of anothers name by the
defendant;
2. UseisUnauthorized;
3. Use of anothers name is to Designate
personalityoridentifyaperson.
A:
1. Civil insofar as private persons are
concerned:
a. Injunction
b. Damages
A:No.Itisnotactionablewhenitisusedasstage,
screenorpenname.
Provided:GIM
1. UseisinGoodfaith;
2. No Injury is caused to the rights of the
personwhosenamewasused;
3. UseisMotivatedby:
a. Modesty
b. desire to avoid unnecessary
trouble
c. otherreasonnotprohibitedbylaw
ormorals.
MIDDLENAME
81
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
b. ChangehersurnamefromthatofAndysto
Aimeesmaidensurname?
82
Alternative Answers: It may be noted that the
problems does not show whether Gianna was
bornwhileAimeewaslivingwithherexhusband.
Neitherdoesitshowwhofiledthejudicialaction
tocorrecttheentries.
A:UnderR.A.9048,onlytypographicalerrorsare
allowed to be corrected administratively. The
changeofstatusfromlegitimatetoillegitimate is
notatypographicalerrorandevenassumingthat
it is, its administrative correction is not allowed
under R.A. 9048. Typographical errors involving
status, age, citizenship, and gender are expressly
excluded from what may be corrected
administratively.
AssumingthatAimeeissuccessfulindeclaring
her former marriage void, and Andy and
Aimee subsequently married each other,
wouldGiannabelegitimated?
83
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
Fac ul t a d de De r e c h o Ci v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.PROVISIONALMEASURESINCASEOF
ABSENCE
Q:Whatisabsence?
Q:Whatarethekindsofabsence?
A:
1. PhysicalAbsence
2. LegalAbsence
Q:Whatisprovisionalabsence?
A:
1. When a person disappears from his
domicile
2. Hiswhereaboutsareunknownand:
a. hedidnotleaveanyagent
b. he left an agent but the agents
powerhasexpired
Q:Whatistheremedyofaninterestedparty,a
relativeorafriendoftheabsenteetoprotect
thelatter'sinterest?
Q:WhatisthedutyoftheCourtafterappointing
therepresentative?
A:TheCourtshall:
1. Takethenecessarymeasuresto
safeguardtherightsandinterestsofthe
absentee.
2. Specifythepowers,obligations,and
remunerationoftherepresentative.
3. Regulatethepowers,obligationsand
remunerationaccordingtothe
circumstancesbytherulesconcerning
guardians.
Q:Whatistheorderofpreferenceinthe
appointmentofarepresentative?
A:
1. Spousepresent,except,whenlegally
separated.
2. Intheabsenceofspouse,any
competentperson.
Note:Theadministratoroftheabsentee'sproperty
shallbeappointedinaccordancewiththesame
order.
B.DECLARATIONOFABSENCE
Q:Whenmayabsencebejudiciallydeclared?
A:Itdepends.
1. Where the absentee left no agent to
administer his property after two (2)
years without any news about the
absentee or since receipt of the last
news.
2. Wheretheabsenteehasleftapersonto
administer his property after five (5)
years.
Q:Whomayaskforthedeclarationofabsence?
A:
1. Spousepresent
2. Heirsinstitutedinawill
3. Relativeswhomaysucceedbyintestacy
4. Persons who may have over the
property of the absentee some right
subordinated to the condition of his
death.
Q:Whenshallthejudicialdeclarationofabsence
takeeffect?
C.ADMINISTRATIONOFTHEPROPERTYOFTHE
ABSENTEE
Q:Whenshalltheadministrationoftheproperty
oftheabsenteecease?
A:ADD
1. WhenabsenteeAppearspersonallyor
bymeansofanagent.
2. WhenDeathoftheabsenteeisproved
andhistestateorintestateheirs
appear.
3. Whenathirdpersonappears,showing
byaproperDocumentthathehas
acquiredtheabsentee'spropertyby
purchaseorothertitle.
D.PRESUMPTIONOFDEATH
Q:Whatarethekindsofpresumeddeath?
A:
1. Ordinary presumption ordinary
absence; absentee disappears under
normal conditions without danger or
ideaofdeath.
Q:Whataretherulesinordinarypresumptionof
death?
A:Incaseof:
1. Disappearanceupon or before reaching
theageofseventyfive(75)years:
a. Afteranabsenceofseven(7)years?
A: The absentee is presumed dead for
allpurposesexcept,succession.
b. Afteranabsenceoften(10)years?
A: The absentee is presumed dead for
allpurposesincludingsuccession.
2. Disappearanceattheageofseventysix
(76)yearsorolder:
a. Afteranabsenceoffive(5)years?
A: The absentee is presumed dead for
allpurposesincludingsuccession.
Q:Whenistheabsenteepresumedtohavedied
underanordinarypresumption?
A:Attheendofthefive,sevenortenyearperiod
asthecasemaybe.
A:VAD
1. Person on board a Vessel lost during a
sea voyage, or an airplane which is
missing, who has not been heard of for
four (4) years since the loss of the
vesselorairplane;
2. Person in the Armed forces who has
taken pat in war, and has been missing
forfour(4)years;
3. Person who has been in Danger of
death under other circumstances and
his existence has not been known for
four(4)years.
Q:Whenistheabsenteepresumedtohavedied
underanextraordinarypresumption?
a.WastheRTCcorrectindismissingthepetition
basedonArticle41oftheFamilyCode?
85
UNIVERSITYOFSANTOTOMAS
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ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
not yet in effect at the time of her marriage to
Dante. Moreover, the enactment of the FC in
1988 does not change this conclusion. The FC
shallhavenoretroactiveeffectifitimpairsvested
rights.Toretroactivelyapplytheprovisionsofthe
FC requiring Juana to exhibit "wellfounded
belief"will,ultimately,resultintheinvalidationof
hersecondmarriage,whichwasvalidatthetime
it was celebrated. Such a situation would be
untenable and would go against the objectives
thattheFamilyCodewishestoachieve.
Q:Discussthedistinctionsbetweendeclarationofpresumptivedeathforpurposeofcontracting
subsequentmarriageandopeningsuccessionanddeclarationofabsenceunderRulesofCourt.
A:
DECLARATIONOFPRESUMPTIVEDEATHFORPURPOSEOF:
DECLARATIONOFABSENCE
OPENINGOFSUCCESSION
CONTRACTINGSUBSEQUENT
MARRIAGE
Applicablelaws
Arts.390396,CivilCode Arts.4144,FamilyCode Rule107,RulesofCourt
Whomayfilepetition
Absenteescoheirs,heirs,assigns,
representativeorsuccessorsin
interest
Spousepresent
1. Spousepresent;
2. Heirsinstitutedinthewill;
3. Relatives who will succeed by
intestacy;or
4. Thosewhohaveoverthepropertyof
the absentee some right
subordinated to the condition of his
death.(Sec.2,Rule107)
Purposeofpetition
Toopensuccession
Forthepurposeofcontracting
subsequentmarriagebyspouse
present
Itistoappointanadministratoroverthe
propertiesoftheabsentee.Thisisproper
onlywheretheabsenteehasproperties
tobeadministered
UST GOLDEN NOTES 2011
Whentofilepetition
GR:Absenceoftenyears.
87
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VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATIONANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC.LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A.ARTICLE407413
Q:Whatisthecivilregister?
A:Referstothevariousregistrybooksandrelated
certificatesanddocumentskeptinthearchivesof
the local civil registry offices, Philippine
Consulate, and of the Office of the Civil Registrar
General.
Q:Whatshallberecordedinthecivilregister?
Q:Whatiscivilstatus?
Q:Whataretheactsauthorizedtobeenteredin
thecivilregister?
A:
1. legitimation
2. acknowledgmentofillegitimate
children
3. naturalization
Q:Whataretheeventsauthorizedtobeentered
inthecivilregister?
A:
1. births
2. marriages
3. naturalization
4. deaths
A:
1. legalseparations
2. annulmentsofmarriage
3. declarationsofnullityofmarriage
4. adoption
5. naturalization
6. lossorrecoveryofcitizenship,
7. civilinterdiction
8. judicialdeterminationoffiliation
9. changes of name (Silverio v. Republic,
G.R.No.174689,October22,2007)
B.RA9048
Q:WhendidR.A.9048takeeffect?
A:March22,2001.
GR:Noentryinacivilregistershallbechangedor
correctedwithoutajudicialorder.
XPN:
1. clericalortypographicalerrorsand
2. changeoffirstnameornicknamewhich
can be corrected or changed
administratively by the concerned city
or municipal civil registrar or consul
general in accordance with the
provisions of RA 9048 (Clerical Error
Law).
Q:Whatisaclericalortypographicalerror?
88
CIVILLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.ELMERT.RABUYA;SUBJECTHEAD:ALFREDOB.DIMAFELIXII;
ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENFELIZG.SUPNAD,LAMBERTOL.SANTOSIII;MEMBERS:PAULELBERTE.AMON,ALSTONANARNA,OZANJ.
FULLEROS,CECILIOM.JIMENO,JR.,ISMAELSARANGAYA,JR.;CONTRIBUTORS:LOISERAEG.NAVAL,MONICAJUCOM
C.RULE108,RULESOFCOURT
Q:Whatisafirstname?
RA9048doesnotsanctionachangeoffirstname
on the ground of sex reassignment. Rather than
avoiding confusion, changing petitioners first
name for his declared purpose may only create
grave complications in the civil registry and the
public interest. Before a person can legally
change his given name, he must present proper
or reasonable cause or any compelling reason
justifyingsuchchange.Inaddition,hemustshow
that he will be prejudiced by the use of his true
and official name. In this case, he failed to show,
orevenallege,anyprejudicethathemightsuffer
asaresultofusinghistrueandofficialname.