GSM Kpi

Quality Review:
Quality Supervisor / Quality Correspondent

Name/Function
SIGNATUR STA!"
Quality Supervisor
Quality Correspondent
Reviewed #y:
FUNCTI$N NA! %AT SIGNATUR
Approved #y:
FUNCTI$N NA! %AT SIGNATUR

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AUT-$RI=% STATUS T,"
GNRA& "R$C%UR
%RAFT .
CRATI$N . $RGANISATI$NA& "R$C%UR
R2I(% !$%IFICATI$N TC-NICA& "R$C%UR
A""R$2% CANC&&ING STAN%AR%S> !ANUA&S> R"$RTS .
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CONTENTS:
1. Introduction 2
2. GSM PARAMETERS/KPI 2
3. GSM Indicators Dscri!tion "
3.1 R#$%E&$D% '
3.2 R#$()A% *
3.3 S(I *
3." C/I +
3., PAT- %OSS 11
" .1 E&ENTS 12
ANNE# 1: O!ti.i/ations Para.trs 0A1cat1 I.!1.ntation 2or +33/1*33M-/ 4ands5 1"
ANNE# 2. GSM OPTIM6ATION PARAMETERS 2"
ANNE# 3: Ericsson TEMS In2or.ation Para.trs %ist I.!1.ntation 2"
ANNE# ": MS Po7r C1asss 2"
4i81io9ra!:; 2,
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GSM KPI PRESENTATION
1. Introduction
In GS! tec)nolo3y w)ic) is in t)is moment a *ully 3rown tec)nolo3y wit) a )i3) comple.ity o* t)e standard>
t)e provisional assessment o* a networ@ reAuires tools t)at could provide a *ull array o* in*ormation 0ot) in
start4up p)ase or optimiBation/ Comparative networ@ 0enc)mar@ tool )as to 0e a0le to provide an accurate list
o* 1ey "er*ormance Indicators '1"I+ t)at could 0e use *or competitor networ@s usin3 0ot) GS! and ot)er
tec)nolo3ies/ T)e results could 0e used t)en in plannin3> installation or optimiBation process/
Radio Networ@ $ptimiBation 0ased on measurement analysis is a part o* t)e 3lo0al process t)at allows a )ealt)y networ@
operation/
T)e measurement sessions *orms t)e Cactive partC o* t)e Do0 on t)e radio part o* a runnin3 networ@> w)ile Quality o*
Service !onitorin3 is t)e Cdetection E *ilterin3 partC/
QoS !onitorin3 activates Fine Tunin3 w)en wea@nesses or trou0les are detected on t)e networ@ 0e)avior> and more
3enerally to improve t)e Quality o* Service statistics/
T)e optimiBation process )as to )andle and solve t)e omissions *rom eac) o* t)e previous steps o* t)e networ@ start4up
)istory/
T)en in GS!> accordin3 to )i3) comple.ity o* t)e standard> t)e provisional assessment o* a networ@ is more di**icult>
)ence t)e pro0a0ility to encounter omissions is )i3)er/
T)e optimiBations process is 0ased on t)e analysis o* t)e in*ormation *rom t)e system statistic reports> and also on a
cross c)ec@ wit) t)e networ@ description made durin3 t)e previous sta3es/
T)e 3oal is to optimiBe t)e networ@ 0e)aviour and to solve local pro0lems/
T)e main activities are:
Radio Covera3e pro0lem investi3ation> dealin3 wit) Air inter*ace> on !S and In*rastructure side>
Telecom parameters optimiBation> dealin3 wit) t)e networ@ 0e)aviour in Idle and %edicated mode>
Tra**ic load distri0ution and con3estion reduction/
T)is reAuires speci*ic e.ternal Do0s:
!S monitorin3> usin3 Air and A0is inter*aces !onitorin3 'Test p)ones> A0is inter*aces and adeAuate S(/
Quality o* Service !onitorin3 'analyBe o* Networ@ Statistics+> w)ic) is a 0asic source/tar3et o* Fine Tunin3
and t)us a stron3 )elp to locate trou0les/
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T)e radio pro0lems are identi*ied t)rou3) di**erent processes:
0y t)e GS! operator> analyBin3 end user complaint a0out *aults/di**iculties/Auality on t)e calls/ T)e complaint is dealt
0y t)e CCustomer Care CentreC w)o sort t)e complaints> t)en correlate t)e pro0lem wit) already @nown ori3in/area or
detect new pro0lems/
0y a C!o0ile Station !onitorin3C '%rive4test> wal@4test> Scan+ durin3 a measurements campai3n/
0y a data analysis *ollowin3 an A0is inter*ace monitorin3/
0y t)e CQuality o* Service !onitorin3C compilin3 statistics *rom t)e $!C4R indicators and A inter*ace monitorin3/
$nce t)e solution )as 0een *ound> it is put in a list o* proposed modi*ications to t)e networ@/ T)is list includes t)e
proposed parameter modi*ications issued *rom t)e System "arameter C)ec@ process/
T)e modi*ications description and t)e way t)ey are per*ormed are decided a*ter a common discussion 0etween Networ@
"lannin3> Radio $ptimiBation and $E! personnel/ T)en a wor@ order is sent to t)e or3aniBation/team in c)ar3e o* t)e
modi*ication as stated *or t)e solution: aerial adDustin3 or positionin3> radio parameter settin3s///
T)e main met)odolo3y action items used in optimiBation process are:
to identi*y measurement routes 't)ese routes will still 0e used a*ter t)e networ@ start4up> as lon3 as t)e
covera3e remain t)e same+>
to run systematic measurements on Air Inter*ace> usin3 test tools
to produce di**erent types o* plot maps 'covera3e> Auality> ///+>
to identi*y radio pro0lems and wor@ out corrections>
to issue a complete networ@ status document compliant wit) GS! operatorFs e.pectations/
$0s: T)ere it is also a particular process also called CCell 2eri*ication and AcceptanceC t)at occurs
only at t)e end o* site installation/ T)e 3oal is to validate t)e #TS sites location and con*i3uration> as
implemented on t)e 0asis o* RN" speci*ications/ T)is c)ec@ is done usin3 real Air inter*ace
measurements/
T)e *inal 3oal o* t)is process is to put t)e local networ@ in accordance wit) t)e CQuality and Radio
Covera3e ContractC de*ined wit) t)e GS! operator/
Mo8i1 Station/Tst Too1 Monitorin9
T)is activity reAuires t)e same competencies as *orC Cell 2eri*icationC/ T)e 3oal is to c)ec@ t)e networ@ per*ormance on
t)e Air inter*ace se3ment/ #ut since it is run on an operatin3 networ@> it can 0e per*ormed eit)er on a re3ular 0asis 0y an
operatorFs team or punctually 0y an auditorFs team/
!S !onitorin3 deals wit) all t)e drive tests/
T)e main activities are:
to conduct air inter*ace measurements on pre4de*ined routes adapted to t)e networ@ evolution>
to produce typical plot maps 's)owin3 radio covera3e> Auality> etc/+>
to locate radio pro0lems/ 'T)e test tool results can also 0e used in order to ma@e corrections o* t)e propa3ation model
prediction tool so*tware+
A GS! test tool s)ould 0e a0le to per*orm as *ollowin3:
to scan/record/process t)e a0solute 'analo3+ GS! 0ands 'Spectrum analysis in G:6> 766> 5G66> 5766!-B+
to scan/record every operator usin3 a SI! *or eac) one
to read t)e CGI and all t)e ot)er GS! &ayer 5> 8 and ? parameters
to measure/record/process t)e per*ormance parameters 0ot) in Idle or %edicated !ode
to *orce a speci*ic ARFCN> cell 0arrin3> etc/
to provide accurate measurements/ 'Re4cali0ration *easi0le+
to record t)e measurements 3eo3rap)ically 0ased in suc) a way t)at t)e in*ormation could 0e e.ported and post4
processed 0y ot)er tools 'e. !apIn*o> .cel> etc+
2. GSM KPI %ist
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For an e**icient GS! Networ@ assessment usin3 drive tests eAuipment it is important to 0e a0le to select t)e
most si3ni*icant downlin@ parameters and to use t)e an array o* Auanti*ied t)res)olds/ It is well @nown t)at
eac) wireless service provider )as its own Auality standards 'covera3e t)res)olds> GoS> etc+ conducin3 to
more or less su0Dective results/
T)ere it is even a 0i33er c)allen3e to create a universal tool t)at is a0le to ma@e competitive tests *or di**erent
tec)nolo3ies wit) di**erent approac)es *or su0scri0erHs QoS assessment/
In to t)e list s)own 0elow are presented t)e most relevant parameters used in GS!:

(ua1it; Indicators:
R#$%E& < Rci=d Si9na1 %=1 0ot) in IIdleJ and I%edicatedJ mode '%&+ ;d#m<
Si3nal Stren3t) on #CC- Carrier> indicatin3 t)e si3nal stren3t) on t)e current #CC-/ T)is element is
especially use*ul *or o0tainin3 a correct measure o* t)e cell siBe w)en *reAuency )oppin3 is used and
power control is applied to t)e TC-Hs and *or 3eneral covera3e assessments/
R#$()A% < Rci=d Si9na1 (ua1it;> a measure o* speec) Auality measured 0ased on #R analysis> 0ot)
in IIdleJ and I%edicatedJ mode
S(I < S!c: (ua1it; Indicator 'an additional parameter introduced 0y ricsson on t)eir tool T!S in order
to o0tain a more accurate ima3e o* t)e voice Auality t)an t)e one o**ered 0y RKLQUA&+
T#$P?R M Trans.ission Po7r %=1 '%& M *rom #TS> U& *rom !S+/ In order to reduce inter*erence> t)e
power is continuously tuned 0ot) in t)e #TS radios and in !S/ It may vary in case o* !S wit) a step
o* 8 d# up or down/
C/I M Carrier to Inter*erence ratio 4 indicatin3 t)e carrier4to4inter*erence ratio *or eac) c)annel in t)e
)oppin3 list 'and *or eac) timeslot wit) multi4slot allocation+/
OBS: CFullC and CSu0C 2alues:
4 In*ormation elements wit) CFullC in t)eir names are calculated on all 0loc@s/
4 In*ormation elements wit) CSu0C in t)eir names are calculated only on t)e 0loc@s @nown to 0e sent
also w)en downlin@ %TK is active 'in eac) 5694multi*rame> one TC- 0loc@ wit) SI% in*ormation and
one SACC- 0loc@+/
TA @ Ti.in9 Ad=anc> a calculated parameter 0ased on t)e 3roup delay measurements t)at appear due to
distance used in order to @eep t)e U& and %& TS sync)ronisation/
Statistic Indicators:
N Call Attempt Rate
N Call Success Rate
N #loc@ed Call Rate
N Good InitialiBation Rate
N %rop Calls Rate
N No Service Rate
N Good/Failed -$ Rate
N -$ Type 'Intra/Inter Cell> Intra/Inter #SC+
N -$ cause Rate
N &ocation Area Update Success Rate
E=ns:
#loc@ed Call
Call Attempt
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Call nd
Call sta0lis)ed
Call Setup
Cell Reselection
%edicated !ode
%ropped Call
-andover
-andover 'Intra4cell+
-andover Failure
-andover Intra4cell Failure
Idle !ode
&imited Service !ode
&ocation Area Update
&ocation Area Update Failure
No Service !ode
Rin3in3
2e)icle Speed
Nt7orA/C11 Idnti2irs:
MCC '!o0ile Country Code+>
MNC '!o0ile Networ@ Code+
%AC '&ocation Area Code+
CI Cell I/%/
CGI 'Cell Glo0al Identity+ B MCCCMNCC%ACCCI
4SIC P NCC 'Networ@ Colour Code+ Q 4CC '#S Colour Code+
ARDCN P A0solute RF C)annel
3. GSM Indicators Dscri!tion:
3.1 R#$%E&$D%
It is a RF indicator w)o s)ows t)e avera3e si3nal level at t)e input o* t)e !SHs receiver/ In Idle mode it
indicates t)e received si3nal stren3t) *rom t)e #CC- p)ysical c)annel> and in tra**ic it indicates t)e si3nal
stren3t) measured on t)e current ARFCN c)annel used *or TC-/S%CC- transport/
T)is element is especially use*ul *or o0tainin3 a correct measure o* t)e cell siBe w)en *reAuency )oppin3 is
used and power control is applied to t)e TC-Hs and *or 3eneral covera3e assessments/
Si3nal Stren3t) on -oppin3 &ist> indicatin3 t)e si3nal stren3t) o* eac) c)annel in t)e )oppin3 list/ T)is
element 3ives more in*ormation t)an R.&ev> w)ic) is an avera3e over all c)annels in t)e )oppin3 list/
T)e *ollowin3 para3rap) is an 0rie* description o* t)ose *eatures used in GS! desi3n usin3 as an input data>
in*ormationHs related to RKL&2:
RxLev-based Thresholds:
T)e handover margin represents t)e necessary overlap 0etween two cells in ensurin3 t)e )andover wit) t)e
3ood Auality o* t)e communication/ T)is mar3in depends on t)e environment as *ollows:
- In indoor environment t)e )andover is not necessary> so t)e )andover mar3in is 6 d#/
- In outdoor environment t)e )andover mar3in is typically 8 d#/
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- In -i3) Speed Train 'e./ TG2+ environment t)e )andover mar3in is typically 8 d#/ Anot)er
restriction o* t)is particular case is t)e overlap len3t) 3reater t)an O66 m 0etween two nei3)0or
cells/
T)e design margin is corrects two main errors t)at can appear durin3 t)e desi3n and prediction process:
- "rediction Tool S/( prediction error and
- "enetration loss evaluation error M in t)e case o* an indoor service
- A cumulative value *or t)e desi3n mar3in wit) a 76N pro0a0ility is O d#/
T)e desi3n> t)e prediction and t)e measure o* t)e service area o* a cell will 0e done wit) an eAuili0rated
power 0ud3et or wit) a not eAuili0rated power 0ud3et wit) t)e downlin@ 0etter t)an t)e uplin@ '%&4U&S6+/ I* in
t)e power 0ud3et t)e downlin@ is worst t)an t)e up4lin@ '%&4U&T6+ t)en t)e desi3n t)res)olds will 0e adDusted
wit) t)e ma. '6> %&4U& ;d#m<+ value/
UNote t)at t)e considerations presented 0e*ore ta@e into account t)e met)od used 0y t)e prediction tool w)ic)
calculates only t)e stren3t) o* t)e downlin@ si3nal/
T)e design threshold is t)e t)res)old used to desi3n t)e cells and is de*ined as t)e stren3t) o* t)e predicted
si3nal at t)e limit o* t)e cell w)ic) assures t)e service inside t)e cell and t)e )andover wit) t)e nei3)0or)ood
cells/
Design threshold = Mobile handset sensitivity
+ Fading / Sensitivity margin
+ BTS output power margin
+ enetration losses
+ !andover margin
+ Design margin at "#$
+ ma% &#' D()*(+
T)e predi,tion threshold is t)e t)res)old used to predict t)e covera3e o* a cell and is de*ined as t)e
stren3t) o* t)e predicted si3nal at t)e limit o* t)e cell w)ic) assures t)e service inside t)e cell/
redi,tion threshold = Mobile handset sensitivity
+ Fading / Sensitivity margin
+ BTS output power margin
+ enetration losses
+ Design margin at "#$
+ ma% &#' D()*(+
redi,tion threshold = Design threshold
) !andover margin
T)e measure threshold is t)e t)res)old used to measure t)e received si3nal in outdoor environment/
For outdoor services:
Measure threshold = Design threshold
) Design margin at "#$
) !andover margin
For indoor services:
Measure threshold = Design threshold
) Design margin at "#$
) !andover margin
+ -ndoor penetration margin at "#$
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T)e *ollowin3 ta0le summariBes t)e desi3n> prediction and measure t)res)olds *ore several
representative services/
SER&ICE DESIGN T-RES-O%D
AT +3E
PREDICTION
T-RES-O%D
AT +3E
O)TDOOR MEAS)RE
T-RES-O%D
Indoor D! @ F3 d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ F3 d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ FF d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
Indoor %i9:t 4 R5 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 R5 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 R9 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
Indoor in -i9: S!d
Trains
4 R5 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 R? d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
-
Indoor ?indo7 4 RR d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 RR d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 G6 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
Outdoor In@car @ '+ d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ *1 d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ *F d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
Outdoor @ *, d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ *' d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
@ +2 d4.
C.aG03> D%@)%5
Outdoor Car@Ait 4 GG d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 76 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 7: d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
Outdoor *? 4 7? d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 7: d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
4 566 d#m
Qma.'6> %&4U&+
Notes:
- T)e services mar@ed in 0old 'Indoor D!> Indoor %i9:t> Outdoor In@car and Outdoor+ are
used 0y RF desi3ners
- For indoor co=ra9 t)e t)res)olds to use will 0e Indoor D! *or cities )avin3 dense )i3)
0uildin3s or Indoor %i9:t *or small towns/
- For co=ra9 on roads t)e t)res)olds to use will 8 Outdoor In@car/
Types of Service Analysis based on RX_LEV measuremens and resholds:
In order to ensure a 3eneric desi3n standard permittin3 good .uality ,ommuni,ation inside t)e cells>
dependin3 on t)e environment several types o* service can 0e de*ined/
T)e description o* several types o* service is presentin3 in *ollowin3 ta0le:
SER&ICE DESCRIPTION OD T-E SER&ICE
Indoor D! In 76N o* t)e sur*ace o* t)e 3round *loor o* t)e 0uildin3 it is possi0le to )ave 3ood
Auality communication usin3 a 8( )andset/
Indoor %i9:t In 76N o* t)e sur*ace o* t)e 3round *loor o* t)e 0uildin3 ')avin3 visi0ility wit) t)e
windows+ it is possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3 a 8( )andset/
Indoor in -i9:
S!d Trains 0EG:
TG&5
In t)e seats o* t)e train it is possi0le to )ave a 3ood Auality communication usin3 a 8(
)andset/
Indoor ?indo7 In 76N o* t)e sur*ace o* t)e 3round *loor o* t)e 0uildin3 'near t)e windows+ it is
possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3 a 8( )andset/
Outdoor In@car In 76N o* t)e outdoor sur*ace it is possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3 a
8( )andset inside a car/
Outdoor In 76N o* t)e outdoor sur*ace it is possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3 a
8( )andset/
Outdoor Car@Ait In 76N o* t)e outdoor sur*ace it is possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3 a
8( )andset inside a car eAuipped wit) car4@it/
Outdoor *? In 76N o* t)e outdoor sur*ace it is possi0le to )ave 3ood Auality communication usin3
an G( )andset/
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For eac) environment t)e penetration loss> t)e desi3n mar3in and t)e )andover mar3in can 0e estimated
statistically as *ollows:
SER&ICE Pntration 1osss Dsi9n .ar9in
at +3E
-ando=r
.ar9in
Indoor D! 8? d# 4 Indoor concrete penetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
! d" # d"
Indoor %i9:t 5: d# M Indoor intermediary penetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
! d" # d"
Indoor in -i9: S!d
Trains
59 d# M .: TG2 penetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
$ d" % d"
Indoor ?indo7 O d# M Indoor li3)t penetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
! d" # d"
Outdoor In@car O d# M Car penetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
$ d" % d"
Outdoor 6 d# M "enetration losses
O d# M -ead e**ect
$ d" % d"
Outdoor Car@Ait 6 d# M "enetration losses
? d# M Car4@it eAuipment losses
6 d# M -ead e**ect 'not present+
$ d" % d"
Outdoor *? 6 d# M "enetration losses $ d" % d"
3.2 R#$()A%
It is a measure o* speec) Auality measured 0ased on #R analysis/ R.Qual is o0tained 0y trans*ormin3 t)e
0it error rate '#R+ into a scale *rom 6 to R 'see GS! 6:/6G+/ In ot)er words> R.Qual is a very 0asic measure:
it simply re*lects t)e avera3e #R over a certain period o* time '6/: s *or T!S tools+/
In a low distur0ed area 'e/3/ a rural cell+ a very low received *ield could 0e encountered wit)out a 0i3
de3radation o* t)e speec) Auality/ $n t)e ot)er end> in an ur0an area> a 3ood received *ield doesnHt )owever
allow a 3ood communication 0ecause o* a )i3) inter*erence level/ T)at is w)y a Auality assessment is done
on t)e 0asis o* t)e 0it error rate in t)e messa3es 'RKLQUA&+> on U& and %&/
Ran3e: 6VR Tinte3erS
Good Hua1it; co..unication is de*ined as a communication c)aracteriBed 0y a value o* RKQUA&
parameter 0etter t)an " *or a cell wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and 0etter t)an , *or a cell wit) *reAuency
)oppin3/
Note: ()en F- is activated> RKLQUA& is impacted: t)e measured 0it error rate 0ecomes worse 'usually 0y
a0out 5 unit+ 0ecause o* two reasons:
5 M in t)e #R computation M at t)e moment o* )oppin3> t)e reception radio synt)esiBer looses
systematically a *ew sync)roniBation 0its> w)ic) impacts t)e low #R values/
84 0ecause o* t)e avera3in3 e**ect o* t)e inter*erence levels
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3.3 S(I
SQI 4 ISpeec) Quality Inde.J is an indicator t)at )as 0een desi3ned 0y ricsson *or t)eir T!S investi3ation
tool to ta@e into consideration all t)e p)enomena omitted 0y RKLQUA& indicator '#it error distri0ution>
Speec) Frame erasures> -$ e**ects> Speec) codec type+/ T)is ensures t)at it will produce an un0iased
prediction o* t)e speec) Auality> independently o* c)annel conditions and ot)er circumstances/ Somew)at
rou3)ly> t)e computation o* SQI involves:
4 t)e 0it error rate '#R+
4 t)e *rame erasure rate 'FR+
4 data on )andover events
4 statistics on t)e distri0utions o* eac) o* t)ese parameters/
Furt)ermore> *or eac) speec) codec> SQI is computed 0y a separate al3orit)m w)ic) is tuned to t)e
c)aracteristics o* t)at codec/
&i@e R.Qual> SQI is updated at 6/: s intervals 'in T!S tools+/
To 3ive some e.amples o* w)at t)e relation may loo@ li@e> t)e 3rap) 0elow is included/ It s)ows SQI as a
*unction o* R.Qual *or t)e FR codec and a num0er o* c)annel conditions/ 'It must 0e @ept in mind t)at t)e
curves represent time4avera3ed R.Qual4to4SQI relationsW individual se3ments o* speec) may o* course
deviate *rom t)ese/+
Note t)e considera0le di**erences 0etween t)e various c)annel conditions/
.: *or t)e same Speec) Quality 'SQI+ o* 5: t)e R.Qual may vary *rom ? *or an ur0an/No F- area to XO in
one area wit) F-/
3." C/I
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T)e carrier4over4inter*erence ratio is t)e ratio 0etween t)e si3nal stren3t) o* t)e current servin3 cell and t)e
si3nal stren3t) o* undesired 'inter*erin3+ si3nal components/ T)e C/I measurement *unction ena0les t)e
identi*ication o* *reAuencies t)at are e.posed to particularly )i3) levels o* inter*erence> somet)in3 w)ic)
comes in use*ul in t)e veri*ication and optimiBation o* *reAuency plans/
Usually C/I measurement is made in dedicated mode/ It is )owever also possi0le to measure C/I in idle mode/
T)is is )andy w)en interactin3 wit) a test transmitter w)ic) simulates a 0ase station 0ut is not capa0le o*
settin3 up calls/ It s)ould 0e pointed out t)at t)e samplin3 rate and )ence t)e Auality o* idle mode C/I values
is critically dependent on t)e settin3s 3overnin3 Auality measurement in idle mode
%ownlin@ Auality in a radio networ@ can 0e monitored usin3 Speec) Quality Inde.> SQI/ In t)is way> areas wit)
inadeAuate speec) Auality can 0e identi*ied/ -owever> i* *reAuency )oppin3 is used in t)e networ@> it is
di**icult to pinpoint t)e *reAuencies t)at are a**ected 0y t)e de3radation/ To )elp resolve suc) am0i3uities> C/I
indicator o**ers t)e possi0ility o* measurin3 avera3e C/I *or eac) o* t)e *reAuencies used in a call/
To o0tain a correct C/I estimate> one must ta@e into account t)e possi0le use o* power control and/or
discontinuous transmission '%TK+/ In t)e past> rou3) C/I measurements )ave sometimes 0een carried out 0y
comparin3 t)e #CC- si3nal power o* t)e servin3 cell wit) t)at o* nei3)0ourin3 cells usin3 t)e same tra**ic
c)annels '0ut di**erent #CC-s+/ Since suc) a sc)eme *ails to allow *or power control and %TK on t)e TC-s> it
may produce misleadin3 results/ T)ere s)ould 0e considered t)ese networ@ *unctions to 0e a0le to indicate
t)e actual C/I e.perienced 0y t)e mo0ile station/
In dedicated mode> avera3e C/I is presented twice a second> w)ic) is eAual to t)e ordinary measurement
interval/ I* *reAuency )oppin3 is employed> t)e avera3e C/I *or eac) *reAuency is presented/
T)e measurement ran3e e.tends *rom 4: d# to Q8: d#/ A C/I 0elow 4: d# can 0e re3arded as )i3)ly unli@elyW
in addition> i* t)e num0er o* )oppin3 *reAuencies is low> C/I values 0elow t)is limit would normally result in a
dropped call/ #eyond t)e upper limit> t)e speec) Auality is not *urt)er improved/ -ence> t)e limitation o* t)e
measurement ran3e is not a restriction/
I* downlin@ %TK is used> t)e num0er o* 0ursts transmitted *rom t)e 0ase station to t)e mo0ile station may 0e
lower t)an t)e ma.imum> dependin3 on t)e speec) activity level on t)e transmittin3 side/ T)en t)e
measurements s)ould 0e made only on t)e 0ursts actually sent *rom t)e 0ase station and disre3ards 0urst
not transmitted/
T)e num0er o* )oppin3 *reAuencies determines t)e num0er o* 0ursts used *or t)e C/I measurement on eac)
*reAuency/ For e.ample> i* *our *reAuencies are used> 8: 0ursts 'on avera3e+ per *reAuency are received in
eac) 6/: s interval/ (it) more *reAuencies> t)ere are *ewer 0ursts *or eac) *reAuency/ T)is implies t)at t)e
accuracy o* t)e measurements is 0etter *or small sets o* )oppin3 *reAuencies/
I* true C/I is wit)in t)e ran3e 6 to 5: d# and *our *reAuencies are used *or transmission> and t)ere are no %TK
interruptions> t)e measurement error is typically smaller t)an 5 d#/
To illustrate t)e use o* C/I> data *rom a test drive is depicted in t)e *i3ure 0elow/ T)e test drive lasts 96
seconds/ FR speec) codin3 and cyclic *reAuency )oppin3 wit) *our *reAuencies is employed t)rou3)out/
T)e upper part o* t)e 3rap) s)ows SQI and R.&ev> w)ile t)e lower part s)ows C/I *or eac) o* t)e *our
*reAuencies:

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As appears *rom t)e upper 3rap)> SQI dips s)arply towards t)e end o* t)e test drive 'a*ter ?: s+> and
indicatin3 poor speec) Auality/ $n t)e ot)er )and> R.&ev stays a0out :6 d# a0ove 4556 d#m t)e w)ole time/
T)is means t)at t)e dip in Auality is not due to low si3nal power level> t)at is> t)e Auality pro0lem is to do wit)
inter*erence rat)er t)an covera3e/ In *act> and interestin3ly> R.&ev increases durin3 t)e SQI dip> pro0a0ly
0ecause t)e power o* t)e inter*erer increases/
Now> loo@in3 at t)e C/I 3rap)> one sees t)at two o* t)e *our *reAuencies 't)e t)ic@ lines+ )ave a C/I worse t)an
56 d# durin3 t)e SQI dip/ T)is e.plains t)e poor speec) Auality> identi*yin3 precisely w)ic) c)annels are
distur0ed/ Suc) in*ormation can t)en 0e utiliBed in t)e process o* optimiBin3 t)e *reAuency plan *or t)e area/
T)e inter*erence scan consists in mo0ile loc@in3 on t)e #CC- ARFCN o* t)e distur0ed cell and scannin3 t)e
ARFCN o* t)e tra**ic c)annel t)at is e.posed to inter*erence/ Note t)at t)ese two may 0e t)e same/ T)e main
tas@ per*ormed 0y t)e identi*ication al3orit)m is to determine t)e #ase Station Colour Code '#CC+ o* t)e
inter*erin3 si3nal> i/e/ t)e second di3it o* t)e #SIC 'PNCCQ#CC+/
$0s:
I* #CC is @nown t)is *act reduces t)e num0er o* possi0le inter*erers 0y a *actor o* G/
T)is is 0ecause #CC can ta@e inte3er values *rom 6 to R 'it written and transmitted on a ?40it len3t)
seAuence+ as is a part o* #SIC '#ase Station Identity Code P NCC Q #CC P ? 0itQ ? 0it> w)ere NCC P
National Color Code or C"&!N color codeC+/ So i* we @now #SIC/#CC> we can restrict t)e searc) *or
inter*erers/
#SIC is transmitted in t)e SC- 'and not in #CC-+ as a Icolor codeJ 'li@e t)e colorin3 o* maps> uniAue
*or every cell in one area+> so t)at #TS wit) same 0eacon *reAuency '#CC- ARFCN c)/+ use di**erent
#SIC/
!S 3ets *rom t)e #TS a list o* 0eacon *reAuencies to 0e monitored t)rou3) #CC- lo3ical c)annel/
In measurement report> !S reports #SIC o* t)e monitored cells/
C/I inde. is measured *or eac) o* t)e ARFCN RF p)ysical cannel t)at are involved in )oppin3 list o*
t)e server cell/ T)e !S is doin3 t)e C/I measurements durin3 t)e ot)er Time Slots 'TS+ t)at are not
allocated to )im/ T)ese *reAuencies s)ould 0e di**erent t)an t)ose t)at appear in t)e nei3)0or list'Y+/
In idle mode t)e !S reads t)e #SIC too> in order ma@e sure t)at it is still monitorin3 t)e same cell/
T)ere*ore> @nowin3 t)e #CC reduces t)e num0er o* possi0le inter*erers 0y a *actor o* G/ T)is is a 3reat step
*orwardW 0ut even so> t)e networ@ will normally contain several cells wit) t)is #CC> all o* w)ic) ma@e use o*
t)e distur0ed ARFCN as #CC- or TC-/ $t)er means must t)ere*ore 0e used to s)orten t)e list o* candidates
*urt)er/ Fortunately> suc) means are readily availa0le:
!any sites proposed as candidates can usually 0e ruled out simply 0ecause t)ey are too *ar away> or
0ecause t)ey )ave t)eir antennas pointin3 away *rom t)e distur0ed cell/
%urin3 t)e scan t)e timin3 o**set 0etween t)e servin3 cell and t)e inter*erer is determined/ T)is o**set can
also 0e measured 0y ot)er means> and t)e scan o**set can t)en 0e compared wit) measured o**sets to
near0y cells/
In practice> usin3 one or 0ot) o* t)ese approac)es> it is almost invaria0ly possi0le to point out t)e e.act
source o* t)e inter*erence/
T)ere are many possi0le causes o* poor C/I values/ Two common ones are co4c)annel and adDacent c)annel
inter*erence/ In certain circumstances> )owever> t)e main pro0lem is not inter*erence *rom ot)er callers> 0ut
t)e *act t)at t)e si3nal is overw)elmed 0y assorted random distur0ances 44 i/e/ w)at is usually called CnoiseC/
T)is means t)ermal noise 3enerated wit)in t)e circuits o* t)e mo0ile station> as well as e.ternal 0ac@3round
noise *rom a plet)ora o* sources> includin3 ot)er man4made si3nals so *aint t)at t)ey merely add up to a
Auasi4random distur0ance/
.ample o* typical C/I de3radation due to noise:
I0C/I5 7orstJ13d4K AND IRG%=$Su8J++d4.K
T)e *ollowin3 event 3ives a rou3) indication t)at t)e poor C/I is pro0a0ly due to a noise pro0lem: t)e poor C/I
coincides wit) a very low si3nal stren3t)/
T)e *ollowin3 ta0le summariBes t)e C/IU accepta0le values:
C-ANNE% MINIM)M C/IL
#CC-/S%CC- 59 d#
TC- wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 59 d#
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TC- wit) *reAuency )oppin3 58 d# '7d# in some networ@s+
3., PAT- %OSS
T)e rou3) %e*inition o* "at) &oss M %& and U&:
P%$D% B 4S$T#P?R < R#$%E&$D% C %D%
#SLTKL"(R P #TS Transmission "ower
RKL&2L%& P RF si3nal level received 0y !S
&%& P Sum o* 3ains/losses and RKL!SLSensitivity
P%$)% B MS$T#$P?R < R#$%E&$)% C %$)%
!SLTKL"(R P !S Transmission "ower
RKL&2LU& P RF si3nal level received 0y #TS
&LU& P Sum o* 3ains/losses and RKLTRKLSensitivity
T)e *ollowin3 ta0les present t)e values t)at must 0e considered in power 0ud3et calculation *or downlin@ and
respectively uplin@:
B %OSS / GAIN %OSS / GAIN &A%)E
Pro!a9ation 1osss
do7n1inA
P #TS emitter power #TS output power
4 #TS emitter power tolerance 5 d# typical value
4 %uple.er losses Speci*ied 0y t)e duple.er supplier
4 Feeder losses !ust 0e calculated *unction o* t)e
type and t)e len3t) o* t)e *eeder
4 &NA losses Speci*ied 0y t)e &NA supplier
4 "ower splitter losses Speci*ied 0y t)e power splitter
supplier
EIRP Q #TS antenna 3ain Speci*ied 0y antenna supplier
4 "enetration losses %epends on t)e type o* service
4 Fadin3 / Sensitivity mar3in ? d# typical value
Q -andset sensitivity 4568 d#m *or 8( )andsets
4569 d#m *or G ( )andsets
4 %esi3n mar3in at 76N %epends on t)e type o* service
B %OSS / GAIN %OSS / GAIN &A%)E
Pro!a9ation 1osss
u!1inA
P !o0ile )andset emitter power 8 ( *or 8( )andsets and
G ( *or G( )andsets/
4 !o0ile )andset emitter power
tolerance
5 d# typical value
4 "enetration losses %epends on t)e type o* service
4 Fadin3 / Sensitivity mar3in ? d# typical value
Q #TS antenna 3ain Speci*ied 0y antenna supplier
Q %iversity 3ain ? d# typical *or space diversity rural
environment
? d# typical value *or polarisation
diversity in ur0an environment
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4 Feeder losses !ust 0e calculated *unction o* t)e
type and t)e len3t) o* t)e *eeder
4 %uple.er losses Speci*ied 0y t)e duple.er supplier
Q &NA 3ain Speci*ied 0y t)e &NA supplier
Q #TS sensitivity Speci*ied 0y t)e #TS supplier
4 %esi3n mar3in at 76N %epends on t)e type o* service
Po7r 8ud9t Huation
T)e "ower 0ud3et criterion "#GT is used to estimate t)e di**erence o* pat) loss 0etween two
nei3)0orin3 cells/
"#GT'n+ P A2LRK&2LNC&&'n+ 4 A2LRK&2L"#GTL-$
4 '#SLTK"(RL!AK 4 #SLTK"(R+
4 '!SLTK"(RL!AK'n+ 4 !SLTK"(RL!AK+
4 "INGL"$NGL!ARGIN'n>callLre*+
wit) :
4 A2LRK&2LNC&&'n+ : avera3e o* RK&2LNC&&'n+ over AL"#GTL-$ or AL"#GTL%R
measurements 'nei3)0or cell'n++/
4 A2LRK&2L"#GTL-$ : avera3e o* t)e received levels RK&2L%&LFU&& or RK&2L%&LSU#
over AL"#GTL-$ or AL"#GTL%R measurements 'servin3 cell+/
4 #SLTK"(RL!AK : ma. power o* t)e #TS in t)e servin3 cell '*i.ed value *or eac) #TS+/
4 #SLTK"(R : last #SL"$(R value reported 0y t)e #TS in t)e messa3e
!ASUR!NT RSU&T 'mode #+ or last #SLTK"(R value reported
0y t)e #TS in t)e messa3e "R"R$CSS% !ASUR!NT RSU&T
'mode A+/
4 !SLTK"(RL!AK'n+ : ma. power level t)e !S is allowed to use in its nei3)0or cell'n+/
4 !SLTK"(RL!AK : ma./ power t)e !S is allowed to use in t)e servin3 cell/
4 "INGL"$NGL!ARGIN'n>callLre*+ is a penalty put on t)e cell n i* :
it is t)e immediately precedent cell on w)ic) t)e call )as 0een>
t)is cell 0elon3s to t)e same #SC as t)e servin3 cell>
t)e call )as not per*ormed a *orced directed retry towards t)e servin3 cell>
less t)an TL-C" seconds )ave elapsed since t)e last )andover/
In t)is case "INGL"$NGL!ARGIN'n>callLre*+ P "INGL"$NGL-C"/>
I* t)e call was not precedent on cell n> or i* t)e precedin3 cell was e.ternal> or i*
t)e call )as Dust per*ormed a *orced directed retry> or i* t)e timer TL-C" )as
e.pired> t)en "INGL"$NGL!ARGIN'n>callLre*+ P 6
(it) a0straction o* t)e "INGL"$NGL!ARGIN> w)ic) is purely a )andicap 3iven to t)e precedin3 cell
*or a certain time> t)e "#GT can 0e descri0ed in two steps :
#CC- P A2LRK&2LNC&&'n+ 4 'A2LRK&2L"#GTL-$ Q C+
wit) C P #SLTK"(RL!AK 4 #SLTK"(R/
#CC- corresponds to t)e di**erence o* received #CC- si3nal levels/
A correction *actor C is ta@en into account *or t)e servin3 cell> 0ecause t)e received si3nal level 'i/e/
A2LRK&2L"#GTL-$+ may not 0e measured on #CC->
T)en> anot)er correction *actor must 0e ta@en into account 0ecause t)e ma.imum #S powers o* t)e
servin3 and nei3)0orin3 cells may 0e di**erent :
MMMMMMTK"(R P !SLTK"(RL!AK'n+ 4 !SLTK"(RL!AK/
As t)e *irst step o* calculation is 0ased on t)e downlin@ parameters> t)is correction *actor s)ould 0e
0ased on t)e ma.imum #S powers used in t)e servin3 and nei3)0orin3 cells/
Two reasons 'w)ic) are not completely de4correlated+ *or not usin3 t)e #S powers can 0e envisa3ed:
4 *or a 3iven cell> t)e GS! does not speci*y *ormally t)e ma.imum #S power o* t)e nei3)0orin3
cells/ $nly #SLTK"(RL!AK is de*ined 'it is sent on t)e air inter*ace+>
4 it is not easy *or t)e evaluatin3 #SC to @now t)e ma.imum #S powers o* t)e nei3)0orin3 cells/
T)e use o* t)e ma.imum !S powers reAuires t)at t)e di**erence o* !S powers is eAual to t)e
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di**erence o* #S powers/ T)is condition is met in most cases/ I* it is not t)e case> t)e di**erence can
0e corrected 0y t)e operator wit) t)e -$L!ARGIN'6>n+ parameter '-$ )ysteresis+/
"#GT S6 : t)e nei3)0our cell is more advanta3eous as t)e pat) loss is less t)an in t)e current cell/
"#GT T6 : t)e servin3 cell is more advanta3eous as t)e current cell/
T)e "#GT eAuation 'wit)out temporary )andicap+ can 0e interpreted in anot)er way/
"#GT P MMM#CC- 4 MMMTK"(R
T)e "#GT is a 0alance or a trade4o** 0etween two opposite indicators/ As a matter o* *act :
MMM MMM#CC- S 6 : t)e nei3)0orin3 cell n is more advanta3eous t)an t)e servin3 cell as t)e
reception o* #CC- is 0etter/
MMM MMM#CC- T 6 : t)e nei3)0orin3 cell n is more disadvanta3eous t)an t)e servin3 cell/
MMM MMMTK"(R S 6 : t)e nei3)0orin3 cell n is more disadvanta3eous t)an t)e servin3 cell as t)e
ma.imum permissi0le power o* t)e !S is )i3)er/
MMM MMMTK"(R T 6 : t)e nei3)0orin3 cell n is more advanta3eous t)an t)e servin3 cell/
T)e "#GT can 0e seen as a 0alance> at !S side> 0etween a pro0a0ility to )ave a 0etter reception
and t)e pro0a0ility o* reAuests o* transmission at )i3)er levels in t)e nei3)0orin3 cells/
" .1 E&ENTS < Prd2ind and usr@d2ind =nts:
T)e events detected 0y a GS! terminal can 0e identi*ied 0ased on identi*ication o* Itri33erJ values or ran3es
o* t)e GS! indicators:
&nformaion
elemen
C)oose in*ormation element 'See Anne. ?+/
Ar'umen I* t)e in*ormation element )as an ar3ument> speci*y it )ere/
Value: (han'ed C)oose t)is to tri33er t)e event w)enever t)e value o* t)e selected
in*ormation element c)an3es/
Value: Threshold
C)oose t)is to tri33er t)e event w)en t)e selected in*ormation element
assumes> e.ceeds or drops 0elow a certain value/ C)oose a t)res)old
operator 'CPC> CSC> or CTC+> and set t)e t)res)old value/
T)e 0asic list o* events to 0e considered is presented in t)e ta0le 0elow:
#loc@ed Call
It was not possi0le to esta0lis) a call> *or e.ample 0ecause all tra**ic
c)annels are 0usy/
Call Attempt
A tra**ic c)annel )as 0een reAuested 't)rou3) t)e &ayer ? messa3e
CC)annel ReAuestC+/ 'Note t)at t)e reAuest may also 0e *or a si3nalin3
c)annel> in w)ic) case no call is actually attemptedW t)e two types o*
reAuest cannot 0e distin3uis)ed/+
Call nd
T)e call )as 0een terminated 'tri33ered 0y t)e &ayer ? messa3e
C%isconnectC+/
Call sta0lis)ed
A call )as 0een esta0lis)ed 'tri33ered 0y t)e &ayer ? messa3e CConnect
Ac@nowled3eC+/
Call Setup
A call )as 0een set up 0y t)e mo0ile 'tri33ered 0y t)e &ayer ? messa3e
CAlertin3C+/
Cell Reselection Reselection to a new control c)annel )as ta@en place/
%edicated !ode T)e mo0ile )as entered dedicated mode/
%ropped Call T)e esta0lis)ed call )as 0een terminated a0normally/
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-andover Success*ul inter4cell )andover/
-andover 'Intracell+ Success*ul intra4cell )andover/
-andover Failure An attempted inter4cell )andover *ailed/
-andover Intracell
Failure An attempted intra4cell )andover *ailed/
Idle !ode T)e mo0ile )as entered idle mode/
&imited Service !ode T)e mo0ile )as entered limited service mode 'emer3ency calls only+/
&ocation Area Update T)e mo0ile )as c)an3ed location areas/
&ocation Area Update
Failure T)e mo0ile *ailed in c)an3in3 its location area/
No Service !ode
T)e mo0ile )as entered No Service mode> since it cannot *ind a control
c)annel/
Rin3in3 T)e mo0ile is emittin3 a rin3in3 si3nal/
2e)icle Speed
T)e ve)icle speed e.ceeds t)e limit imposed 0y t)e scannerFs sample rate
adaptation al3orit)m '0ased on wavelen3t)+
-and O=r Ana1;sis:
D2initions
4 intrna1 -O : t)e )andover e.ecution is controlled 0y t)e #SC 'only intracell and intercell4intra4#SC
-$+/
4 Gtrna1 -O : t)e )andover e.ecution is controlled 0y t)e !SC 'necessary *or all intercell4inter4#SC
-$> possi0le *or intercell4intra4#SC -$+/
4 intrac11 -O : )andover 0etween two c)annels o* t)e same cell/
4 intrc11 -O : )andover 0etween two c)annels o* adDacent cells/ T)e old c)annel 0elon3s to t)e
servin3 cell> t)e new c)annel to t)e tar3et cell/
4 intra@4SC -O : t)e servin3 cell and t)e tar3et cell 0elon3 to t)e same #SC/
@ intr/on -O : intracell )andover 0etween t)e inner Bone and t)e outer Bone o* a concentric cell
con*i3uration/
@ intra/on -O : intracell )andover wit)in a Bone 'inner or outer+ o* a concentric cell con*i3uration/
@ dirctd rtr; : )andover *rom S%CC- to TC- w)en t)e servin3 cell is con3ested at t)e startin3
time o* t)e assi3nment procedure/
-O T;!s:
-andover Cause Situation o* mer3ency #etter conditions
Intracell )andover E.r9nc; Intrac11 -ando=r 4ttr 6on -ando=r
Intercell )andover E.r9nc; Intrc11 -ando=r -ando=r 4ttr C11 -ando=r
Cas o2 intrc11 :ando=rs @ E.r9nc; intrc11 :ando=r
T)ese )andovers are tri33ered w)en t)e call conditions deteriorate si3ni*icantly in order to rescue t)e
call/
T)e causes are:
@ NHua1it; too 1o7N
@ N1=1 too 1o7N
@ Ndistanc too 1on9 2ro. sr=in9 c11N
@ Nconscuti= 8ad SACC- 2ra.sN
@ N1=1 crossin9 :i9: t:rs:o1dN
T)e IHua1it;O and I1=1 too 1o7O causes are only tri33ered w)en t)e !S or #S power )as reac)ed t)e
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ma.imum allowed value/
-andover on Ctoo low levelC is used to avoid situations w)ere t)e inter*erence level is low> w)ile t)e
attenuation is Auite )i3)/ T)ese conditions may appear *or e.ample in 0i3 city streets w)ic) ena0le a line o*
si3)t propa3ation *rom t)e #TS antenna/ T)ere is in t)is case a ris@ o* a0rupt Auality de3radation> i* t)e !S
moves away *rom t)e line o* si3)t street/
CDistanc too 1on9C is provided to prevent macrocells *rom e.tendin3 too *ar out t)e planned 0orders>
t)us creatin3 a ris@ *or a0rupt call de3radation and also uplin@ inter*erences/ T)is is typical near t)e
river 0an@s o* 0i3 cities 'canyon e**ect+/
C4ad SACC- 2ra.sC and C1=1 dro!!in9 undr :i9: t:rs:o1dC are provided to support t)e rapidly
varyin3 radio conditions o* microcellular environment 'e/3/ street corner e**ect+/ In order to )ave a
su**icient reaction time t)ese causes are independent o* t)e power used 0y t)e !S or #TS/
For all t)ese causes> t)e )andover al3orit)m must privile3e t)e call continuation over t)e resource
optimiBation/
Cas o2 intrc11 :ando=rs @ 4ttr c11 :ando=r
T)ese )andovers are tri33ered to improve t)e overall system tra**ic capacity/
T)is spans:
inter*erence reduction>
si3nalin3 load reduction>
tra**ic un0alance smoot)in3/
T)e 0asic assumption *or t)ese )andovers is t)at t)ey s)ould respect t)e cell plannin3 decided 0y t)e
operator/
In a well con*i3ured networ@> t)e maDority o* t)e )andover s)ould 0e o* t)e 0etter cell type/
For conventional cell environment> t)ey correspond to t)e cause C!o7r 8ud9tC/
For concentric cell environment> t)e cause C!o7r 8ud9tC is applied in t)e inner Bone as well as in
t)e outer Bone/
For )ierarc)ical cell environment:
4 0etween cells o* t)e same layer : C!o7r 8ud9tC
4 *rom )i3)er to lower layer : C9ood rci=d 1=1 in on o=r1aid c11C>
4 *rom lower to )i3)er layer : no special cause> 0ut t)e detection t)at a MS is 2ast enou3)> 0ased
on t)e rsidnc ti. in an o=r1aid c11/
For multi40and networ@> t)e cause C!r2rrd 8andC is tri33ered 0etween two cells w)ic) use di**erent
*reAuency 0ands/
T)e main draw0ac@ o* t)is )andover cate3ory is t)e ris@ o* Cpin34pon3C e**ect> w)ic) is an oscillatin3
0ac@ and *ort) )andover 0etween two 'or t)ree+ cells/ As t)e C0etter cellC )andover are meant to *ind
t)e C0est cellC> t)e variation o* t)e radio conditions will tri33er a 0i3 amount o* 0etter cell )andovers>
i* t)e al3orit)ms )ave a too sensitive reaction/ -ence> some mec)anisms are *orecast> in order to
prevent t)ese oscillations *rom occurrin3 repeatedly at 3iven places/
Cas o2 intrac11 :ando=rs @ E.r9nc; intrac11 :ando=r
mer3ency )andover is tri33ered *or intracell application w)en t)e radio lin@ is deemed to su**er a
:i9: 1=1 o2 intr2rnc/ In t)is case> t)e c)annel assi3ned to t)e call is c)an3ed *or anot)er
c)annel in t)e same cell> on w)ic) t)e measured inter*erence level is t)e smallest possi0le/
In t)e case o* concentric cell environment> emer3ency intracell )andovers concern )andovers *rom
t)e inner to t)e outer Bone o* t)e same cell 't)ey are called interBone )andovers+ as well as
)andovers per*ormed wit)in one Bone 't)ey are called intraBone )andovers+/
Cas o2 intrac11 :ando=rs @ 4ttr /on :ando=r
For concentric cells> t)e Couter Bone uplin@ and downlin@ level too )i3)C cause *orces an intracell
)andover *rom an outer Bone TC- to an inner Bone TC-/ T)is )andover is considered as interBone
)andover/
Re*erence 2ersion
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5G
Dunctiona1 ntitis o2 :ando=r !r!aration
T)e )andover preparation is in c)ar3e o* detectin3 a need *or )andover and proposin3 a list o* tar3et
Cells/
T)ere*ore it can 0e divided into two processes :
@:ando=r dtction 4 process analyses t)e radio measurements reported 0y t)e #TS and tri33ers
t)e candidate cell evaluation process eac) time a )andover cause 'emer3ency or 0etter cell type+ is
*ul*illed/
@:ando=r candidat c11 =a1uation 4 wor@s out a list o* possi0le candidate cells *or t)e )andover/
T)is list is sorted accordin3 to t)e evaluation o* eac) cell as well as t)e layer t)ey 0elon3 to 'in a
)ierarc)ical networ@+ and t)e *reAuency 0and t)ey use 'in a multi0and networ@+/
$nce t)e )andover preparation is completed> t)e )andover decision and e.ecution is per*ormed under t)e
!SC or #SC control/
Also> t)e directed retry preparation is per*ormed 0y t)e )andover preparation *unction/
$nce t)e directed retry preparation is completed> t)e directed retry is per*ormed under t)e #SC
control/
T)e )andover preparation reAuires indirectly input parameters provided 0y t)e *unction in c)ar3e o* t)e radio
lin@ measurements/
!ost o* t)e input data reAuired 0y t)e )andover *unctions are provided 0y a *unction I Acti=
c:ann1 !r@!rocssin9O/ It processes raw data 3iven 0y t)e radio lin@ measurements 'Auality> level
and distance+/
O8s: T)e operator )as t)e possi0ility to in)i0it selectively t)e di**erent )andover causes via $E!
commands on a cell 0asis/
Re*erence 2ersion
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-ando=r causs M T;!
Too low Auality on t)e uplin@ 8 menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e uplin@ ? menr3ency
Cause
Too low Auality on t)e downlin@ 9 menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e downlin@ : menr3ency
Cause
Too lon3 !S4#S distance O menr3ency
Cause
Several consecutive 0ad SACC- *rames received 'rescue microcell )andover+ R menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e uplin@> inner Bone 'inner to outer Bone )andover> concentric cell+ 56 menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e downlin@> inner Bone 'inner to outer Bone )andover> concentric
cell+
55 menr3ency
Cause
"ower 0ud3et 58 #etter Condition
Too )i3) level on t)e uplin@ and t)e downlin@> outer Bone 'out/ to in/ Bone )and/>
concentric cell+
5? #etter Condition
-i3) level in nei3)0our lower layer cell *or slow mo0ile 59 #etter Condition
Too )i3) inter*erence level on t)e uplin@ 5: menr3ency
Cause
Too )i3) inter*erence level on t)e downlin@ 5O menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e uplin@ in a microcell compared to a )i3) t)res)old 5R menr3ency
Cause
Too low level on t)e downlin@ in a microcell compared to a )i3) t)res)old 5G menr3ency
Cause
Forced %irected Retry 86 #etter Condition
-i3) level in nei3)0our cell in t)e pre*erred 0and 85 #etter Condition
Dirctd rtr; !r!aration
1 S;st. as!cts
T)e directed retry consists in an S%CC- to TC- intercell )andover durin3 t)e call set4up process/
T)e directed retry is tri33ered w)en 3iven radio conditions are met and t)e servin3 cell is con3ested/
T)e )andover to TC- in anot)er cell reduces t)e call set4up time 'Aueuin3 p)ase+ and allows t)e
s)arin3 o* resources *rom one cell wit) anot)er> t)us overcomin3 tra**ic load un0alance/

T)e directed retry may 0e per*ormed :
4 eit)er on )andover alarms : I* a )andover alarm is detected durin3 Aueuin3> and t)e candidate cell
evaluation process indicates at least an internal or e.ternal cell> t)en t)e #SS will per*orm a
directed retry /
4 or on alarm o* *orced directed retry : I* durin3 Aueuin3> an internal nei3)0our cell is reported wit) a
su**icient level and )as *ree TC-> t)en t)e #SS will per*orm a directed retry /
T)e e.pression CForced directed retryC re*ers to t)is case> 0ecause t)e radio conditions in t)e
servin3 cell do not represent a need *or )andover/ T)e cause w)ic) leads to *orced directed retry is
assimilated to a C0etter condition causeC in t)e )andover preparation/
T)is di**erence on alarms )as an impact on t)e inter*erence level in t)e networ@ :
4 directed retry on )andover alarms : A*ter t)is @ind o* directed retry> t)e !S is very li@ely in t)e 0est
cell/ T)e 0est cell is t)e one w)ere 0ot) reAuired #S and !S transmitted powers are minimiBed and
consecutively t)e induced inter*erence in t)e networ@/
Re*erence 2ersion
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4 *orced directed retry : Considerin3 t)at :
4 In 3eneral> t)e cell t)e !S is campin3 on 'i/e/ as t)e result o* t)e cell selection process+ is t)e
C0est cellC>
4 t)e directed retry tra**ic is located at t)e ed3e o* t)e )andover area o* t)e tar3et cell
T)e tra**ic due to *orced directed retry )as a )i3) pro0a0ility to 0e located inside t)e emer3ency
Bone o* t)e previously servin3 cell/ T)ere*ore it may cause an increase to t)e planned level o*
inter*erence/ T)is is t)e draw0ac@ *or t)e overall networ@ capacity improvement/

For t)e sa@e o* simpli*ication :
4 two cells are considered 'i/e/ t)ere is only one tar3et cell+/ #S5 is t)e servin3 cell and #S8 is t)e
tar3et cell>
4 0ot) cells )ave t)e same ma.imum transmit powers *or !S and #S>
4 0ot) cells )ave t)e same minimum level *or Cell selection access 'RK&2LACCSSL!IN+ and t)e same
minimum level *or )andover access/
4 t)e only cause *or )andover is "ower #ud3et> wit) no )andover mar3in/
T)e directed retry preparation is supported:
4 0y t)e same processes as t)e )andover preparation *or directed retry on )andover alarms>
4 0y a speci*ic condition in t)e alarm detection process 'new cause pertainin3 to *orced directed retry+
and a speci*ic candidate cell list evaluation process *or *orced directed retry/
T)e detection process *or directed retry consists in t)e c)ec@in3 o* t)e )andover alarms and o* t)e
*orced directed retry alarm/
I* an alarm *or *orced directed retry is raised> t)en t)e tar3et cell evaluation is per*ormed 0y t)e
candidate cell evaluation process *or *orced directed retry/
For all ot)er alarms> t)e tar3et cell evaluation is per*ormed 0y t)e candidate cell evaluation process
*or )andover '$R%R or GRA%+/
Note : T)e intracell )andover alarms 'inter4Bone or due to inter*erence+ are i3nored 0y t)e cell
evaluation process/

Dirctd rtr; on :ando=r a1ar.s
T)e preparation o* directed retry on )andover alarms is per*ormed 0y t)e )andover preparation
*unction/ All t)e processes o* t)is *unction operate in t)e same way as *or preparation o* S%CC- or
TC- )andover at t)e e.ception o* t)e candidate cell evaluation process/
T)e candidate cell evaluation process '$R%R or GRA%+ loo@s *or tar3et cells so as to do an
S%CC- to TC- )andover/
TC- load in nei3)0or cells may 0e used *or tar3et
cell evaluation and ran@in3 't)e TC- load is not @nown in case o* e.ternal cells+/
Not : in case o* )andover preparation> t)e candidate cell evaluation process loo@s *or tar3et cells so
as to do a S%CC- )andover/ T)e S%CC- load is not ta@en into account/
Dorcd dirctd rtr;
T)e preparation o* *orced directed retry is composed o* two processes:
4 *orced directed retry detection>
4 candidate cell evaluation/
T)e *orced directed retry detection reAuires speci*ic preprocessed measurements> see section ?/5/
T)e detection is per*ormed every SACC- measurement reportin3 period w)en preprocessed
measurements are availa0le/
T)e avera3ed received levels o* all nei3)0or cells are compared to a t)res)old/ I* one or several
cells are *ound wit) a received level )i3)er t)an t)e t)res)old> an alarm o* *orced directed retry is
raised : )i3) level in a nei3)0or cell *or *orced directed retry/ T)is cause is included in t)e C0etter
condition causesC o* t)e )andover preparation/
()en detected> t)is alarm is sent > wit) t)e list o* internal and e.ternal cells *ul*illin3 t)e condition> to
t)e candidate cell evaluation process *or *orced directed retry i* t)ere is no )andover alarm raised at
t)e same time/ A )andover alarm raised at t)e same time is prior and is sent to t)e candidate cell
Re*erence 2ersion
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evaluation process $R%R or GRA%/
T)en> t)e candidate cell evaluation process loo@s *or cells :
a/ w)ere t)e !S can communicate>
0/ w)ere t)e received level at !S is )i3)er t)an a 3iven t)res)old>
c/ and w)ic) )ave a minimum num0er o* TC- c)annels *ree 'in case o* internal cell+/
T)e condition 0/ allows t)e control o* t)e inter*erence level in t)e networ@/
T)e condition c/ is a means to *or0id Cretry tra**icC *rom a con3ested cell to a nei3)0or cell i* t)e
nei3)0or cell )as less t)an a minimum num0er o* c)annels *ree/ T)is condition controls t)e amount
o* Cretry tra**icC and t)ere*ore t)e additional inter*erence 3enerated 0y t)is type o* tra**ic/
ANNE# 1: O!ti.i/ations Para.trs 0A1cat1 I.!1.ntation 2or +33/1*33M-/ 4ands5
RG1= accss .in 0Id1 Mod5 :
T)is parameter concerns only t)e !S/
Rule : T)e parameter o* selection C5 s)ould 0e null w)ile t)e measured level 0y t)e !S is eAual to its
sensitivity/
In Ur0an> t)e utilised !S are mostly o* type Z 8( [ and o* sensitivity lower or eAual to 4568d#m/
For 766> in Ur0an case> R.lev access min P 4568d#m
For 766> in Rural> we assume a use o* mo0iles o* type Z G( [ and we admit a R.lev access min P 456G d#m/
Concernin3 t)e 5G66 macro cells> since t)e &LRK&2L%&L- causes -$ at si3nal stren3t) 0ellow 477 d#m
and 47: d#m 'accordin3 i* t)e cell is )oppin3 or not+> t)e R.lev access min is set to 47: d#m/
T)ere*ore> it minimiBes t)e situations w)ere t)e !S do call set4up at a low level and leaves immediately in
downlin@ level alarm/
-ando=r t:rs:o1d on 1o7 do7n1inA and u!1inA 1=1:
To ma@e uni*orm t)is parameter settin3> we admit a sensitivity o* 4568 d#m *or all t)e !S wit)out distinction
8(/G(/ !oreover> t)e actual per*ormances in reception o* t)e G? #TS permit us to admit a sensitivity o*
4555 d#m *or t)e G? today versus 4569 d#m *or t)e G5 #TS and 456G d#m *or t)e G8 'environment o* TU:6
and R.Aual O+/

In relation to t)ese t)res)olds o* sensitivity> a r.Aual mar3in ; R.Aual O 4S R.Aual 9 P ?d# < and a *adin3
mar3in ; TU:6 4S TU? P 6d# wit) SF- and ?d# w/o SF-< is ta@en to determine t)e t)res)old *or %& and U&
level alarms in 766 !-B/ :
Q ? d# in case o* use o* *reAuency )oppin3
Q O d# wit)out *reAuency )oppin3

Re*erence 2ersion
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88
For t)e uplin@> t)e use o* t)e diversity on t)e site introduces 4? d# in t)e 0ene*it o* t)e sensitivity> and a
penalty o* 56d# in case o* 766 &NA use/
4?d# wit) diversity
Q56 d# wit) &NA
In last point> a correction *actor o* 5 d# is used to ta@e into account t)e *act t)at t)e Alcatel al3orit)ms tri33er
-$ w)en t)e NT' avera3e measure+ is strictly in*erior to t)e t)res)old/ For e.ample> i* t)e t)res)old is
477d#m> t)e -$ is tri33ered to 4566d#m or lower w)en we want a -$ at 477d#m/ T)ere*ore> 5 d# is added to
tri33er -$ at 477d#m or lower/
Q5d# correction *actor
For t)e 5G66 cells> t)e same rule is applied/
Finally:
& R.lev %& -P 4568 Q ?Q 5 P 47G d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3
& R.lev %& - P 4568 Q O Q 5P 47: d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3
& R.lev U& -766'G?766+ P 4555 Q? 4?Q5P 4556 d#m 4S 4556 d#m wit) SF- and diversity/ 4566 avec &NA/
In *act> in t)is particular case> no uplin@ level alarm can 0e tri33ered/
& R.lev U& -766'G?766+ P 4555 Q ?Q5 P 456R d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 47R avec
&NA
& R.lev U& - 766'G?766+ P 4555 Q O 4? Q5P 456R d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit) diversity/ 47R avec
&NA
& R.lev U& - 766'G? 766+ P 4555 Q O Q5 P 4569 d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 479
avec &NA
& R.lev U& -766'G8 766+ P 456G Q?4?Q5 P 456R d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and diversity/ 47R avec &NA
& R.lev U& -766'G8 766+ P 456G Q ?Q5 P 4569 d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 479 avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766'G8 766+ P 456G Q O 4?Q5 P 4569 d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit) diversity/ 479 avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766'G8 766+ P 456G Q O Q5 P 4565 #m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 475 avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766'G5 766+ P 4569 Q ? 4? Q 5P 456? d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and diversity/ 47? avec &NA
& R.lev U& -766'G5 766+ P 4569 Q ? Q 5P 4566 d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 476 avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766'G5 766+ P 4569 Q O 4? Q5P 4566 d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit) diversity/ 476 avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766'G5 766+ P 4569 Q O Q 5P 47R d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/ 4GR avec
&NA
& R.lev U& -766 '!5! and !5C 766+ P 47R Q O Q5 P 476 d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity
& R.lev U& -766 '!9!+ P 456R Q O Q 5P 4566 #m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity
& R.lev U& -5G66 'G? 5G66+ P 4555 Q ? 4? Q5 P 4556 d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and diversity/
& R.lev U& -5G66 'G? 5G66+ P 4555 Q ? Q5P 456R d#m wit) *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/
& R.lev U& -5G66 'G? 5G66+ P 4555 Q O4 ?Q5 P 456R d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and diversity/
& R.lev U& -5G66 'G? 5G66+ P 4555 Q O Q5P 4569 d#m wit)out *reAuency )oppin3 and wit)out diversity/
PC t:rs:o1ds on t: )%1=1 :

Since t)e t)res)olds o* -$ on t)e U& level )ave c)an3ed> t)e U& t)res)olds o* "C s)ould c)an3e also to 0e
in a3reement wit) t)ose o* -$/ T)e rule applied is 0ased on -$ level QG d# *or )avin3 t)e &LRK&2LU&L"
and Q5Od# *or t)e ULRK&2LU&L"/
(ua1it; -O t:rs:o1d :
Re*erence 2ersion
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8?
T)ese t)res)olds s)ould 0e tuned to tri33er t)e -$ w)en t)e avera3e R.Aual reac)es 9 wit)out *reAuency
)oppin3 and : wit) *reAuency )oppin3 't)e R.Aual o* : wit) *reAuency )oppin3 activated is eAuivalent in
audio Auality to 9 wit)out *reAuency )oppin3+/
For t)e Alcatel #SS> t)e al3orit)ms use t)e entire part o* t)e R.Aual avera3e and strict ineAualities/
e.ample i* we desire to tri33er wit) a R.Aual 9 :
Assumption: Avera3e R.Aual measured P 9/O 4S entire part P 9
I* t)e t)res)old is set to 9> t)e al3orit)m do not tri33er -$ since t)e value is not strictly
superior to 9/ T)ere*ore> t)e t)res)old s)ould 0e set to ?/
(e propose to set t)ese t)res)olds to ? in all cases '766 or 5G66+/
In case o* cell not )oppin3> t)is t)res)old is adapted/
In case o* )oppin3 cell 'SF- ##- or synt)etised+> an o**set ODDSET$-OPPING$-O availa0le in #:/5 is
added to t)e Auality alarms t)res)olds &LRKQUA&LU&L- P &LRKQUA&L%&L- P ? accordin3 to t)at t)e TS is
)oppin3 or not ' ODDSET$-OPPING$-O5.
(e set ODDSET$-OPPING$-O positioned to Q5 w)ic) results in Auality alarms t)res)olds o* 9 *or t)e TS
w)ic) are )oppin3 and wit)out impact i* t)e TS are not )oppin3/ (it) ##-> all t)e timeslots o* t)e cell use t)e
Z ?Q5 [ t)res)old/ (it) synt)esised F-> t)e timeslots on t)e #CC- TRK use Z ? [ and t)e timeslots on t)e
ot)er TRK use Z ?Q5 [/
Finally:
&LRKQUA&LU&L- P &LRKQUA&L%&L- P ?
$FFSTL-$""INGL-$ P Q5
PC t:rs:o1ds on t: )% Hua1it; :

ULRKQUA&LU&L" is c)an3ed to 5 on t)e 766 macros cells to allows reduction o* t)e !S power in case
w)ere t)e R.Aual measured is 6 and t)e level is over &LRK&2LU&L"Q8d#/
T)is modi*ication is introduced in order to )ave a )omo3eneous parameter settin3 0etween t)e
manu*acturers/
&LRKQUA&LU&L" s)ould 0e adDusted to t)e &LRKQUA&LU&L- 4 5
T)is value is set to 8 '? 4 5+ /
(it) SF-> t)e Z ODDSET$-OPPING$PC [ is used *or t)e TS w)ic) are )oppin3/ It is set to Q5> and t)en "C
uses ? wit) SF-/
A=ra9 7indo7s in 1=1> P4GT and DR :
T)e concern is to uni*orm t)e parameter settin3 0etween all classes o* 766 macro cells/
AL&2L-$ and AL"#GTL-$ are c)osen to 0e identical and set to O *or all t)e classes o* 766 and 5G66
macros/
AL"#GTL%R is set to 9 to allows a Auic@ F%R in case o* activation o* t)is *eature/
EGtnsion o2 t: .aGi.u. nu.8r o2 ni9:8ours :
T)e N#RLA%\ is c)an3ed to O9 / T)e GS! norm aut)orise a ma.imum num0er o* ?8 c)annels on t)e 0ot)
0and '766 Q 5G66 !)B+ 0roadcasted 0y t)e #SS and measured 0y t)e !S/
In case t)at in t)e same 0and '766!)B or 5G66!)B+> more t)an ?8 nei3)0ours are necessary > )avin3 a
nei3)0our list o* O9 o**ers t)e possi0ility to )ave more t)an ?8 nei3)0ours wit) t)e condition o* a ma.imum o*
?8 c)annels '8 nei3)0ours can )ave t)e same c)annel 0ut identi*ied 0y a di**erent #SIC+/
Normally> t)e Alcatel $!C or/and #SC s)ould re*use more t)an ?8 c)annels 0roadcasted on t)e networ@
' control o* co)erence made+ / For e.ample> t)e case o* 8: c)annels in 766!)B and 5: c)annels in 5G66
!)B is *or0idden 0y t)e #SS/

Du11 8a1ancd !o7r o2 t: Pc11s :
Re*erence 2ersion
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It is c)osen > today> to use *ull 0alanced power o* ] cells in order to increase t)e covera3e and increase t)e
tra**ic/
1nowin3 t)at t)e !5! and !5C )ave a ma.imum output power o* 8R d#m> t)is value will not c)an3e *or t)is
case/
-owever> *or t)e !8! and !9!> we propose to use an )i3)er power/
Ni:8ourin9 C11 =a1uation: RG1=.in0n5
(e propose to set R.levmin'n+ eAual to &LR.levL%&L-> t)e low t)res)old *or t)e downlin@ level -$/ $n t)is
-$ cause> it seems 0etter to 3o to cell )avin3 at least t)e same level/ To 3o to a cell wit) a lower level could
Auic@ly produces a new alarm -$/
In *act> as t)e comparison is strict> t)e level o* t)e tar3et cell will )ave more t)an 5 d# t)an &LR.levL%&L- o*
t)e ori3inatin3 cell/
Introduction o2 t: -o$.ar9in o2 Hua1 and 1= 8t7n cou!1s o2 c11s :
T)e #: release introduces a *ilterin3 process i* t)e *la3 NL"#GTLFI&TRING is ena0le 0e*ore t)e process
o* evaluation o* t)e candidates nei3)0ours $R%R and GRA% 'used *or all t)e causes e.cepted *or cause
86+ :
/ "#GT'n+S -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ Q CauseL!ar3inL"LK
4 wit) -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+ i* causeP8>9 or R
4 wit) -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ i* causeP?>:>O>5R or 5G
4 wit) -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGIN'6>n+ i* cause 58
In order to come nearer to t)e parameter settin3 o* t)e ot)ers suppliers> t)e #: parameter settin3 c)an3es 0y
introducin3 t)e -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+ and -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ 0y couple o* cells instead o* usin3 t)e
-$L!ARGIN'6>n+ Q causeL!ar3inL"LK 'cell parameter w)ic) is used *or all t)e nei3)0our as in t)e #9
0e)aviour+/
#y t)is way> we )ave a )i3)er *le.i0ility o* optimisation and control o* t)e c)osen nei3)0ours/
Since we propose to use t)e -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+ and -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ *or t)e causes 8>9>?>:
and O> it is no more necessary to )ave CauseL!ar3inL"LK and are voluntary c)an3ed to 6/
In #9> t)e process o* GRA% was includin3 t)e criteria :
"#GT'n+ S -$L!ARGIN Q CauseL!ar3inL"LK
In #:> t)e process o* GRA% doesnHt contain t)is criteria and is replaced 0y t)e *ilterin3 conditions presented
a0ove w)en t)e NL"#GTLFI&TRING is ena0le/
In #9 as in #: > t)e process o* $R%R applied on t)e ]cells was not containin3 any *ilterin3 conditions/
In #:> we propose to )ave on all t)e cells t)e NL"#GTLFI&TRING ena0led 'concern o* an )omo3eneous
parameter settin3+ and to use very ne3ative values o* -$L!ARGINLQUA& and -$L!ARGINL&2 i* we
want to avoid *ilterin3/
T)ere*ore> new ta0les o* t)e crossed parameters are introduced 0etween t)e layers and adapted *or an
e.pected 0e)aviour ; -$L!ARGIN'6>n+W -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+W -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+W
&IN1LFactor'6>n+W "RI$RIT,'6>n+ </
(e )ave to ta@e care o* t)e di**erence 0etween t)e &LR.levL%&L- o* t)e ori3inatin3 cell and t)e R.levmin'n+
o* t)e tar3et cell/ T)e idea is to )ave -$Lmar3inLlev'6>n+ co)erent wit) t)is di**erence/
T)ere*ore> we propose to set t)e -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ li@e *ollows
-$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ P !a. '48> R.levmin'n+ 4 &LR.levL%&'6+Q5+
#y puttin3 t)e values set in t)e ta0les> t)e *ollowin3 0e)aviour is e.pected :
Re*erence 2ersion
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4 $n t)e !766 cells :
4 For com*ort -$> capture -$ occurs on t)e 766 ] cells or on t)e !5G66 cells and "#GT )appens
0etween !766 cells/
4 In case o* ur3ency -$> t)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !766 cell over R.levmin'n+ and
satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3inLlev'6>n+ P !a. '48> R.levmin'n+ 4 &LR.levL%&'6+Q5+ or
-oLmar3inLAual'6>n+ P 48d#/ $t)erwise> in a second priority t)e ]766 over R.levmin'n+ and satis*yin3 t)e
criterion o* -oLmar3inLlev'6>n+P !a. '48> R.levmin'n+ 4 &LR.levL%&'6+Q5+ and -oLmar3inLAual'6>n+P458R
and in last c)oice t)e ! 5G66 over R.levmin'n+ and under t)e criterion o* -oLmar3inLlevP458R and
-oLmar3inLAualP458R
4 $n t)e ]766 cells :
4 For com*ort -$> capture -$ occurs on t)e !5G66 cells and "#GT )appens 0etween ]766 cells/
4 In case o* ur3ency -$> t)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !766 cell over R.levmin'n+ and
satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3inLlev'6>n+ P458Rd# or -oLmar3inLAual'6>n+ P 458Rd#/ $t)erwise> in a
second priority t)e ]766 over R.levmin'n+ and satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3inLlev'6>n+P !a. '48>
R.levmin'n+ 4 &LR.levL%&'6+Q5+ and -oLmar3inLAual'6>n+P48 and in last c)oice t)e ! 5G66 over
R.levmin'n+ and under t)e criterion o* -oLmar3inLlevP458R and -oLmar3inLAualP458R
Su!!rssion o2 t.!1ats :
T)e su0ur0 766 macro template is no more Dusti*ied 0y a real need o* a speci*ic parameter settin3/ (e
proposes to suppress it and to replace it eit)er 0y an ur0an template> eit)er 0y t)e rural one accordin3 to its
environment/
T)e Um0rella macros 766 templates only di**ers *rom t)e normal macros 766 only 0y t)e *act t)at t)e cause
59 is in)i0ited or not/
In t)e case t)ere is no micros cells under a macro cell wit) cause 59 activated> since t)ere is no cells o* layer
type Z lower [ as nei3)0our> t)e 0e)aviour o* t)e networ@ is t)e same t)at wit) t)e cause 59 in)i0ited/
T)ere*ore> we propose to replace t)e Simple %ense Ur0an parameter settin3 0y t)e templates Um0rella
%ense Ur0an/
T)e %ense Ur0an templates di**ers *rom t)e Ur0an templates> 0y t)e *act t)at t)e load *actor are used in t)e
%ense Ur0an templates w)en t)ere are not used in t)e Ur0an templates/
(e proposes to mer3e t)ese templates in one wit) t)e load *actors used 0y de*ault/

Finally> on t)e macro cells> t)ere is no more t)an 8 classes 'Ur0an and Rural+ wit) t)res)olds o* levels alarms
and levels "C di**erent accordin3 to t)e #TS used> t)e diversity and &NA use/
Introduction o2 t: s;nc:ronisd -O in t: 9rid :
(IT-LS,NC-R$NIS%L-$: ena0les sync)ronised -$> set to 5
C:an9 o2 na. o2 so. !ara.trs :
In #:> C&&L&A,RLT," replaces C&&LC$2RAG LT," and can ta@e ? states> Z lower > Z upper [
or Z sin3le [/
T)en> t)e 766 micros cells ta@es t)e values o* Z lower [ and replace 8 *or Z recovered [ and t)e 766 macros
cells are set as Z upper [ and replace 5 *or Z um0rella [/
&LRK&2LC"TL-$'n+ replaces &LRK&2L$C-$'n+ and is used as capture t)res)old *or t)e cause 59 ']
cell nei3)0our+ and is also utilised *or t)e cause 85 '5G66 nei3)0our+/
Introduction o2 n7 !ara.trs 0Gc!td dua1 8and !ara.trs5 :
NLI!LASSLR\: ena0les t)e use o* t)e immediate assi3nement reDect> set to 5
NLSN%L$&%LC-ANL!$%: ena0les t)e transmission o* t)e used speec) version to t)e tar3et #SS> set
to 5
Re*erence 2ersion
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%TKLIN%ICAT$RLSACC-: de*ines t)e uses o* t)e dt. in TC-/-R or/and TC-/FR/
FRQUNC, RANG: indicates w)ic) ran3e is used in t)e cell: "4GS!> %CS5G66> 4GS!> %CS5766/ Can
only 0e readen since t)e value is set 0y t)e eAuipment a**ected to t)e cell '"4GS!> GS! 5G66 #TS> ///+/ %o
not appear in t)e 3rid
$FFSTL-$""INGL"C and $FFSTL-$""INGL-$: an o**set can 0e used/ ItHs added to t)e low r.Aual
t)res)old *or t)e tr. usin3 SF-/
C:an9 o2 so. ti.rs :
TG 'P?56?+: t)ose timers are used in t)e process w)o allows t)e mo0ile to come 0ac@ on t)e old c)annel
a*ter a )andover *ail/ T)eir new value is 5: s 'old value P 58 s+
T'conn4est+: it a SCC" timer/ ()en t)e messa3e Z connection reAuest [ is sent> a messa3e li@e Z Conne.ion
Con*irm [ or Z Connection re*used [ is e.pected/ I* it doesnHt occur> w)en t)is timer is out> t)e conne.ion
process is cancelled/ Its new value is :s 'old value P 58 s+
T'rel+: it a SCC" timer/ It normaly used 0y t)e !SC in t)e release o* a SCC" connection/ T)e messa3e
Z Released [ is sent to t)e #SC and t)e !SC waits t)e messa3e Z Release complete [/ I* t)is ac@nowled3e
isnHt received> Z Released [ is sent a3ain/ #ut in anormal case> t)e #SC can use t)is timer to release itsel*
t)is connection/ Its new value is : s 'old value P 5: s+
N7 ti.rs :
T)ese 9 timers set any delays 0etween t)e Z Assi3nement reDect [ and a new sendin3 o* Z C)annel reAuest [
(ILCR: cause Z call reesta0lis)ment [
(ILC: cause Z emer3ency call [
(IL$C: cause Z ori3inatin3 call [
(IL$": cause Z ot)er procedures [
T)ese parameters are set 0y de*ault to :s 0e*ore optimisation/

Introduction o2 t: dua1 8and 2atur :
I.!act o2 t: dua1 8and acti=ation on t: Gistin9 c1asss in +33M:/ :
(e recommend> 0y de*ault> t)e dual 0and *eature activation> on all t)e 766 cells and all t)e Alcatel
#SC o* France *or t)e *ollowin3 reasons :
/ T)is *eature s)ould 0e activated > every w)ere> even on #Sc wit)out 5G66 nei3)0ours to allows later
-$ on t)e 5G66 layer durin3 t)e call w)en t)e !S )as initiated a call on a #Sc *ar away *rom t)e dual
0and Bone/
/ In case o* special needs o* capacity o* tra**ic to cover a temporary event or a permanent )ot spot> no
parameter settin3 adDustments are necessary to open a dual 0and Bone/ A simple inte3ration o* 5G66
cells is su**icient/
$* course> in no way> t)e activation o* t)e dual 0and *eature )as impact in t)e 0e)aviour o* t)e 766 !S/
!oreover> t)e dual 0and !S )as t)e same 0e)aviour t)an a 766 !S in case t)ere is no 5G66 cells/
To reac) t)is 3oal> t)e *ollowin3 parameters are necessary on all t)e A1cat1 4SCs *or an unloc@in3
o* t)e dual 0and *eature :
/ EN$INTER4AND$NEIG- : #SC loc@ o* t)e 0roadcast o* all t)e opposite 0and nei3)0ours 'set to 5 to
ena0le+
/ PREDERRED$4AND : #SC parameter t)at speci*ies w)ic) 0and is pre*erred *or inter40and
)andovers 'set to 8 *or GS! 5G66+/
/ %OAD$E&$PERIOD : %&S parameter ')ardly coded+ t)at speci*ies t)e num0er o* time necessary *or
t)e calculation o* t)e loadLavera3e o* t)e cell 'set to O6s+/
Re*erence 2ersion
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/ Activation o* t)e arly Classmar@ sendin3 on t)e Alcatel #SC :
4 ECSC 0D%S 8asis5 : set to 5 *or ena0lin3 t)e early classmar@ sendin3 o* t)e dual 0and !S
@ EN$SEND$CM3 : set to 5 in order to allows t)e sendin3 o* t)e C!? to t)e NSS /
@ STRIP$O,$CM2 : set to 6 *or )avin3 no c)an3e o* t)e octet : o* C!8 I 0ein3 passed to
t)e !SC/
T)e modi*ications on all t)e A1cat1 c11s *or an unloc@in3 o* t)e dual 0and *eature are t)e *ollowin3 :

/ EN$PREDERRED$4AND$-O : T)is new parameter is a cell loc@ o* t)e pre*erred 0and -$ 766 4S
5G66 cause 85 'set to 5 on all t)e 766 cells to ena0le dual 0and -$+/ Set to 6 on t)e 5G66 cells since it
is unnecessary/
/ M)%TI$4AND$%OAD$%E&E% : T)res)old o* load in t)e 766 servin3 cell w)ic) ena0les a
dual 0and -$ 'set to 6N+/
/ %$R#%E&$CPT$-O0n5 : Used *or t)e cause 59 and 85/ $n t)e 5G66 cells> it corresponds to
t)e si3nal stren3t) t)res)old w)ic) allows a dual 0and -$ '4G: d#m+/ $n t)e ]766> it is t)e capture
t)res)old *rom !766 to ]766/
/ M)%TI$4AND$REPORTING : 'Specs GS! 69/6GW 0roadcasted on t)e SysLIn*o:ter layer ?
messa3e+ set to 5 on t)e 766 cells to allows t)at t)e dual 0and !S reports to t)e #SS> measurements
on t)e 0est nei3)0our in 5G66/ In case> t)ere is no 5G66 cell as nei3)0our> t)e !S still report t)e O 0est
nei3)0ours in 766 !)B/
T)e mana3ement o* t)e dual 0and -$ 0y Alcatel is done 0y t)e introduction o* t)e cause 85 on t)e
766 cells '-$ toward t)e pre*erred 0and 0y capture+/ T)e cause is tri33ered under t)e *ollowin3
conditions :
/ A2L&$A%'6+S!UTI#AN%L&$A%L&2& 'avera3e N o* 0usy TC-+
/ A2LRK&2LNC&&'n+S&LRK&2LC"TL-$'n+ Q ma.'6> !STK"(RL!AK'n+ 4"+
A2LRK&2LNC&&'n+ is calculated wit) a avera3in3 window o* AL"#GTL-$ siBe/ T)e AL"#GTL-$
is usin3 t)e availa0le samples and *illin3 t)e restin3 wit) 6 '4556d#m+/
T)e inter0and -$ could 0e possi0le also 0y t)e use o* t)e cause 59/ -owever> t)e timer o* tri33erin3
are also applied to t)e !5G66> delayin3 t)e capture process/ "ossi0ility recommended *or t)e ]5G66/
In #:> t)e evaluation process o* t)e candidates nei3)0ours )as c)an3ed *or t)e mana3ement o* a
multi4layer dual 0and networ@ and is conducted as *ollowed :
^ 5+ &ist and *irst ran@in3 o* t)e nei3)0ours :
^ *or C0etter cellC -$ :
^ pre*Llayer P none W all t)e nei3)0ours t)at satis*y t)e -$ cause 'cause58> cause 59>
cause86 and cause 85+
^ pre*Llayer P upperW w)ile t)e cell is cellLlayerLtypeP lower> t)e -$ cause is 58 and
t)e !SLS"%P*ast
^ *or CrescueC -$ > all t)e nei3)0ours wit) t)e pre*erences :
^ pre*Llayer P upper i* cellLlayerLtypePlower and enLrecueLumPena0le
^ pre*LlayerPlower i* cellLlayerLtypePlower and enLrescueLumPdisa0le
^ none i* cellLlayerLtypePlower and enLrescueLumPinde*inite
^ upperQsin3le i* cellLlayerLtypePupper
^ 8+ Ran@in3 o* t)e nei3)0ours 0y priority order ')i3)est to lowest+:
^ pre*erred layer 'value o* pre*Llayer+
^ priority'6>n+
^ same *reAuency 0and t)an t)e servin3 cell
^ process o* evaluation $R%R'n+ or GRA%'n+'e.cepted *or cause 86+
^ cellLevP6 '$R%R+
^ i* enLloadLorderPena0le> order'n+P"#GT'n+Q&IN1*actor'6>n+QFR*actor'n+4
FR*actor'6+4-$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+
^ i* enLloadLorderPdisa0le or e.ternal -$> order'n+P"#GT'n+Q&IN1*actor'6>n+4
-$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+
Re*erence 2ersion
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^ AvLr.levLncell'n+SR.levmin'n+Qma.'6WmsLt.pwrLma.'n+4"+
^ cellLevP5 'GRA%+
^ i* enLloadLorderPena0le> 3rade'n+P"#GT'n+Q&IN1*actor'6>n+Q&$A%*actor'n+4
&$A%*actor'6+QFR*actor'n+4FR*actor'6+
^ i* enLloadLorderPdisa0le> 3rade'n+P"#GT'n+Q&IN1*actor'6>n+
^ AvLr.levLncell'n+SR.levmin'n+Qma.'6WmsLt.pwrLma.'n+4"+
^ GRA%'n+S%ISTmar3inQCauseL!ar3inLGLK
^ ?+ A *ilterin3 process can ta@e place 'NL"#GTLFI&TRINGPena0le+ 0e*ore t)e process o*
GRA% or $R%R 'e.cepted *or cause 86+:
^ "#GT'n+S -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ Q CauseL!ar3inL"LK
^ wit) -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+ i* causeP 8> 9 or R
^ wit) -$L!ARGINLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+ i* causeP?>:>O>5Ror 5G
^ wit) -$Lmar3inLKK'6>n+ P -$L!ARGIN'6>n+ i* cause 58
causeLmar3inL"L59P458Rd#W causeLmar3inL"L85P458Rd# 'to avoid *ilterin3 in "#GT
and simulate a capture process+
For )avin3 dual 0and -$ *rom ]766 or !766 to t)e 5G66 nei3)0ours> n7 crossd ni9:8our
r1ations ar introducd to M1*33 2ro. co11ocatd> surroundin9 M+33 and P+33 7:ic: ar
o=r1a!!d 8; t: M1*33 c11s/
T)e parameters speci*ics to t)e nei3)0our relation are :
/ -$L!ARGIN'6>n+P -$L!ARGINLQUA&'6>n+P-$L!ARGINL&2'6>n+P 458R d#
/ &IN1FACT$R'6>n+ P 6d#
/ "RI$RIT,'6>n+ P 6
w)en t)e 5G66 cell parameters used in t)e nei3)0our relation are :
RK&2L!IN'n+P&LRK&2L%&L-P47Gd#m 'SF-+ or 47:d#m 'w/o )oppin3+W &LRK&2LC"TL-$'n+P
4G:d#mW &$A%*actor54:'n+P6d#W FR*actor54:'n+P6d#W &LRK&2LNC&&L%R'n+P49Rd#mW
FR&2&L%R'n+P58R
Accordin3 to t)e process o* ran@in3 and *ilterin3 developed a0ove and t)e parameters used in t)e
nei3)0our relation to t)e !5G66 cells> t)e e.pected 0e)aviour *or dual 0and !S on ]766 and !766 is
t)e *ollowin3 :
.pected 0e)aviour on t)e ] 766:
4 $n call set4up> S%CC-766 4STC- 766 'no F%R activated+
4 In case o* ur3ency -$> t)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !766 cell over
R.levmin'n+ and satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev et Aual P 458R+/ $t)erwise> in
second priority t)e ]766 over R.levmin'n+ and t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev > Aual P4
8d#+ since !5G66 and ]766 )ave t)e same priority and in last c)oice t)e !5G66 over R.levmin'n+
and t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev and Aual P 458R+/
4 In "#GT> a capture on t)e 5G66 ! cell occurs 'cause 85+ on t)e 0est 5G66! cell a0ove 4
G:d#m
.pected 0e)aviour on t)e ! 766:
4 $n call set4up> S%CC-766 4STC- 766 'no F%R activated+
4 In case o* ur3ency -$> t)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !766 cell ' consideration
o* load ta@in3 into account 0y t)e &$A%FACT$R e**ect in t)e process o* Grade+ over
R.levmin'n+ and satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev W AualP48d#+/ $t)erwise> in
second priority t)e ]766 over R.levmin'n+ and satis*yin3 t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev W
AualP458R+ since !5G66 and ]766 )ave t)e same priority and in last c)oice t)e !5G66 over
R.levmin'n+ and under t)e criterion o* -oLmar3in'levP458R and AualP458R+/
Re*erence 2ersion
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4 In "#GT> a capture on t)e 5G66 ! cell occurs 'cause 85+ on t)e 0est 5G66! cell a0ove 4
G:d#m/ $t)erwise> a capture cause 59 -$ occurs on a ]766/
Introduction o2 a n7 c1ass o2 c11 0.acro 1*33 c11s5 :
T)e parameter settin3 o* t)e !5G66 cells are common to t)ose o* !766 cells o* dense ur0an class
e.cepted *or t)e *ollowin3 speci*ic parameters :

/ CE%%$%AQER$TQPE : T)e 5G66 cell is declared as Z lower [ wit) EN$RESC)E$)MBENA4%E/
T)us> in case o* rescue -$> pre*LlayerPupper and t)e 0est ran@ed cells are t)e !766 'same 0e)aviour
t)an t)e ]766+/ a3ressiveness to encoura3e -$ on pre*erred 0and '5G66+/
. CE%%$E&B ORDER and EN$%OAD$ORDERBDISA4%E As *or t)e ]cells> we c)ose order in t)e
evaluation process and no consideration o* load ' FRLFACT$R +in t)e c)oice o* t)e nei3)0ours *or
out3oin3 -$s *rom t)e 5G66 cells/ No consideration o* load 0etween t)e 5G66 cells in t)e Grade
process *rom !766 cells '%OAD$DACTOR 1@,B3d4+/
/ M)%TI$4AND$REPORTING 'Specs GS! 69/6GW 0roadcasted on t)e SysLIn*o:ter layer ? messa3e+
set to ? on t)e 5G66 cells to allows t)at t)e dual 0and !S reports to t)e #SS> measurements on t)e ?
0est nei3)0our in 766 and ? nei3)0ours in 5G66/+/ T)is c)oice is made in order to *avour t)e -$ on t)e
5G66 nei3)0ours wit)out to compromise a rescue -$ on t)e 766 layer/
/ 4S$T#P?R$MA#> 4S$T#P?R$MA#$INNER o* t)e 5G66 cell is proposed to 0e identical to t)at
t)e collocated 766 cell *or t)e case w)ere t)ere is 766 indoor cell t)at we canHt declare as nei3)0our o*
t)e Um0rella 5G66 cell 'due to t)e limitation o* ?8 nei3)0ours in t)e 766 nei3)0our list t)at could 0e
reac)ed+ / T)ere*ore> t)e pass *rom t)e !5G66 to Indoor 766 could 0e done in 8 steps t)rou3) t)e
!766 cells/
/ MS$T#P?R$MA#> MS$T#P?R$MA#$INNER> MS$T#P?R$MA#$CC- o* t)e 5G66 cells is set to
?6d#m t)at is t)e ma.imum power t)at can 0e used on t)e 5G66 0and/
/ )$TIME$AD& is t)e alarm t)res)old on timin3 advance on 5G66 and is set to 8/8 @m/ For an
avera3e timin3 advance over 9 ':P8/R@m+> an alarm in distance is tri33ered/ T)is is t)e only way> wit)
Alcatel to control t)e service ran3e o* t)e !5G66 cells
/ T)e C8 parameters is applied only on t)e 5G66 cells in order to *avour t)e reselection on t)e 5G66
cells even and w)ile t)e si3nal stren3t) is 0ellow t)e 766 cells/
4 CE%%$RESE%ECT$PARAM$IND : loc@ per cell t)at ena0le t)e 0roadcast o* C8 cell
reselection parameters on t)e #CC- o* t)e cell 'set to 5+/
4 CE%%$RESE%ECT$ODDSET : set to 5O d#/ !5G66 cells are *avoured o* 5O d# 0ut t)e
e**ective *avour wei3)t is 0ellow and around 7d# since t)e R.levaccesmin
o* t)e !5G66 is upper t)e !766/
4 PENA%TQ$TIME : set to 6 P 86s 'identical to t)at in 766+
4 TEMPORARQ$ODDSET : set to 6d# 'identical to t)at in 766+/ No penalty is applied on
t)e !5G66 cells
4 R#%E&$ACCESS$MIN : set to 47: d#m / T)e !S can camp on t)e !5G66
cell only i* t)e C5S6 'R.levS47:d#m+/
/ Since t)e dual 0and !S are Z *orced [ to camp on t)e !5G66 cells> it is recommended to activate>
0y de*ault> t)e Forced %irected Retry on t)e !5G66 cells in case o* saturation o* t)e !5G66 cells :
4 EN$DORCED$DR 'per cell 0asis+ : set to 5 and allows t)e Forced %irected Retry on t)e
nei3)0ours
4 EN$DR 'per cell 0asis+ : set to 5/ For unloc@ t)e %R and F%R *rom t)e !5G66 cells on t)e
nei3)0ours
In case o* con3estion o* t)e !5G66 cells> t)e process o* t)e nei3)0our c)oice is as *ollowed :
&ist o* t)e nei3)0ours :
A2LRK&2LNC&&L%R'n+S %$R#%E&$NCE%%$DR0n5
Filterin3 and Ran@in3 o* t)e nei3)0ours :
A2LRK&2LNC&&L%R'n+SRK&2min'n+Qma.'6>!STK"(RL!AK'n+4"+
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?6
t'n+SDREE1=1$DR0n5
T)e orderin3 o* t)e cells is *irst t)e priority> *ollowed 0y *reAuency 0and and *inis)in3 0y t)e "#GT
eAuation : "#GTL%R'n+PA2LRK&2LNC&&L%R'n+4A2LRK&2L"#GTL%R4'#SLTK"(RL!AK4
#SLTK"(R+4'!SLTK"(RL!AK'n+4!SLTK"(RL!AK+
%$R#%E&$NCE%%$DR0n5 )as 0een set to t)e capture t)res)old &LRK&2LC"TL-$'n+ on t)e 766
]cells and to t)e RKL&2L!IN'n+P&4RK&2L%&L- *or t)e !766/ $n t)e !5G66 is set to 49Rd#m to
avoid F%R 0etween !5G66/
DREE%E&E%$DR0n5 is t)e num0er o* *ree TS on t)e nei3)0our cell/ It is set to 6 on t)e 766 cells 'no
condition o* load o* t)e 766 cells+ / $n t)e !5G66> it is put to 58R to avoid F%R 0etween !5G66/
.pected 0e)aviour in case o* con3estion on t)e !5G66 :
/ T)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !5G66 cell over R.levmin'n+> &Lr.levLncellL%R'n+P
49Rd#m and )avin3 *reeLlevelL%R'n+ P 58R resources/ In *act> t)e t)res)old in)i0its t)e F%R/

/ $t)erwise> in last priority t)e 0est 766 cell 'same priority+ over R.levmin'n+> r.levLncellL%R'n+ and
)avin3 *reeLlevelL%R'n+/
Caution : T)e values o* &LRK&2LNC&&L%R'n+ and FR&2&L%R'n+ are adapted on t)e 766
cells *or t)e F%R *rom t)e !5G66 0ut wit) t)e F%R in)i0ited on t)e 766 cells/ In case o* activation > *or
optimisation> o* t)e F%R on a speci*ic !766> t)ese t)res)old s)ould 0e tuned *or t)e e.pected
0e)aviour *rom t)is !766 to its nei3)0ours/
/ TC proposes to apply 0y de*ault t)e *ractional reuse pattern o* 5U? on t)e 5G66 layer / T)ere*ore>
ODDSET$-OPPING$-O and ODDEST$-OPPING$PC is positioned to 5 to distin3uis) t)e Auality
alarms and power control t)res)olds 0etween t)e non )oppin3 and )oppin3 TC-
/ EN$PREDERRED$4AND$-O is set to 6 'in)i0ited+ on t)e !5G66 since its doesnHt ma@e sense on
t)e !5G66 to put 5/
To allow out3oin3 -$ *rom !5G66 to t)e nei3)0ours> n7 crossd ni9:8our r1ations ar
introducd 2ro. M1*33 to t: co11ocatd and surroundin9 M+33 and +33 indoor c11s > t:
c1osst M1*33 ni9:8ours 2or :a=in9 a continu 1*33 co=ra9 i2 !ossi81 and t: +33P c11s.
!ain nei3)0ourin3 parameters *rom !5G66 to 5G66 :
R.levLmin'n+ P 47G or 47: d#mW !sLt.pwrma.P?6W -oLmar3in'6>n+P :W -oLmar3inLlev'6>n+P
ma.'48>R.levmin'n+ 4&LR.levL%&L-'6+Q5+W -oLmar3inLAual'6>n+P6 d#W "riority'6>n+P6W
&Lr.levLncellLdr'n+P49Rd#m>FreeLlevelL%R'n+P58RW &LRK&2LC"TL-$'n+P4
G:d#m>&in@*actor'6>n+P6> FreeL*actor'n+P6W &oadL*actor'n+P6
!ain nei3)0ourin3 parameters *rom !5G66 to !766 :
R.levLmin'n+ P 47G or 47: d#mW !sLt.pwrma.P ?? or ?7 d#mW -oLmar3in'6>n+P 458RW
-oLmar3inLlev'6>n+P 458RW-oLmar3inLAual'6>n+P458RW"riority'6>n+P6W &Lr.levLncellLdr'n+P47G or
47: d#m>*reeLlevelL%R'n+P6W &Lr.levLcptL)o'n+P49Rd#m>&in@*actor'6>n+P6> FreeL*actor'n+P6W
&oadL*actor54:'n+P.
!ain nei3)0ourin3 parameters *rom !5G66 to ]766 :
R.levLmin'n+ P 4R6 to 47: d#mW !sLt.pwrma.P?? d#m W -oLmar3in'6>n+P 458RW
-oLmar3inLlev'6>n+P 458RW-oLmar3inLAual'6>n+P458RW"riority'6>n+P 6W&Lr.levLncellLdr'n+P4O8 to
475d#m>*reeLlevelL%R'n+P6W &in@*actor'6>n+P6> FreeL*actor'n+P6W &oadL*actor'n+P6
.pected 0e)aviour on t)e !5G66:
/ $n call set4up> S%CC-5G66 4STC- 5G66/ "articular case o* F%R> see a0ove/
/ In case o* ur3ency -$> t)e !S is redirected pre*era0ly on t)e 0est !766 cell over R.levmin'n+ and
under criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev or Aual P 458R+/ $t)erwise> in second priority t)e !5G66 over
R.levmin'n+ and -omar3inlevP . d# or AualP6d# since !5G66 and ]766 )ave t)e same priority and in
last c)oice t)e ]766 over R.levmin'n+ and under criterion o* -oLmar3in'lev or Aual P 458R+/
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?5
/ A "#GT on t)e 5G66 ! cell occurs 'cause 58+ on t)e 0est 5G66! cell a0ove 47G or 47: d#m and
"#GT S: d#
T)e e.it *rom t)e !5G66 cell on t)e 0order o* its covera3e to t)e !766 and )appens mostly in alarm o*
distance '8/R @m+ in order to control t)e ran3e o* t)e cell> ot)erwise in alarm o* si3nal stren3t) or in
Auality/
ANNE# 2: TIPICA% GSM 4SS PARAMETERS AND TRES-O%DS
Radio Para.tr
Su!!1irRs
Ran9
)sua1 Ad.isi81
Ran9
Rco..ndd
d2au1t =a1u/ran9 Co..nts
R#%E&$ACCESS$MIN 4555V49R d#m 4567V4R7 d#m UR#L%NS P
%epend on t)e
3eo3rap)ical
conditions in t)e
overlappin3 area
o* 8 &ACs/
456G d#m
T)e ot)ers P
456: d#m
CE%%$RESE%ECT$-QST 6 V 59 d# 8 V G d# 9 d#
8 d# steps 8 d# steps
MS$T#P?R$MA#$CC- 5?V9? d#m 5?V?7 d#m ?? d#m
MS$T#P?R$MA# 5?V?7 d#m 5?V?7 d#m ?? d#m
Recommendation
to 3eneraliBe t)e
8( covera3e
4S$T#P?R$MA# 5V9? d#m 6 V 4?6 d# 6 d#
6 d# represent
t)e ma.imum
power
T)e ma.imum
power depends
on t)e R con*i3/
A$%E&$-O 5V?5 SACC- 9V56 SACC- UR#L%NS P 9
!ICR$ P 9
T)e ot)ers P G
A$()A%$-O 5V?5 SACC- 9V56 SACC- UR#L%NS P 9
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?8
!ICR$ P 9
T)e ot)ers P G
A$P4GT$-O 5V?5 SACC- 9V86 SACC- UR#L%NS P G
!ICR$ P O
T)e ot)ers P 58
A$RANGE$-O 5V?5 SACC- 9V56 SACC- UR#L%NS P 9
!ICR$ P 9
T)e ot)ers P G
%$R#%E&$)%$- 4556V49R d#m RURL&NA%: RURL&NA%:
478V4GO d#m 4G7 d#m
RURLU: RURLU:
4568V47O d#m
!ICR$ P 477 d#m
4565V47: d#m !ICR$ P
T)e ot)er R"T: 47G d#m
4568V47O d#m T)e ot)er R"T:
477 d#m
%$R#%E&$D%$- 4556V49R d#m RURLU: RURLU:
4568V47O d#m
!ICR$ P 477 d#m
477V47? d#m !ICR$ P
T)e ot)er R"T: 47O d#m
4566V479 d#m T)e ot)er R"T:
47R d#m
)$TIME$AD& 5V?: 1m 8V?: 1m ?: 1m
-O$MARGIN 489V89 d# 456V56 d# : d#
CA)SE MARGIN P2/" 4?OV?O d# 456V56 d# !ICR$ P 6 d#
T)e ot)er P 4R d#
CA)SE MARGIN P3/, 4?OV?O d# 456V56 d# !ICR$ P 6 d#
T)e ot)er P 4: d#
CA)SE MARGIN PF 4?OV?O d# 456V56 d# !ICR$ P 6 d#
T)e ot)er P 4: d#
ANNE# 3: Ericsson TEMS In2or.ation Para.trs %ist I.!1.ntation:
Microsoft Excel
Worksheet
ANNE# ": MS Po7r C1asss:
766!-B #and C&ASS 9: TKL"(RL!S: 8(/??d#m
766!-B #and C&ASS :: TKL"(RL!S: 6/G(/87d#m
5G66!-B #and C&ASS 5: TKL"(RL!S: 5(/?6d#m
5G66!-B #and C&ASS 8: TKL"(RL!S: 8(/89d#m
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
??
5766!-B #and C&ASS 5: TKL"(RL!S: 5(/?6d#m
5766!-B #and C&ASS 8: TKL"(RL!S: 8(/89d#m
AnnG ,: A88r=iations
A!R Ac@nowled3ed !ode
A"! Advanced "ower !ana3ement
ARFCN A0solute Radio FreAuency C)annel Num0er
#CC #ase Station Colour Code
#CC- #roadcast Control C)annel
#R #it rror Rate
#&" #loc@ rror "ro0a0ility
#&R #loc@ rror Rate
#SIC #ase Station Identity Code
#SN #loc@ SeAuence Num0er
C/A Carrier4to4AdDacent 'Ratio+
C/I Carrier4to4Inter*erence 'Ratio+
C#C- Cell #roadcast C)annel
C%!A Code %ivision !ultiple Access
CI Cell Identity
C! Connection !ana3ement
C"IC- Common "ilot C)annel
CRC Cyclic Redundancy C)ec@
CS Codin3 Sc)eme
CS% Circuit4Switc)ed %ata
C( Continuous (ave
%G"S %i**erential G"S
%& %ownlin@
%R %ead Rec@onin3
%SC %ownlin@ Si3nallin3 Counter
%TK %iscontinuous Transmission
FR n)anced Full Rate
IR" **ective Isotropic Radiated "ower
FACC- Fast Associated Control C)annel
FR Frame rasure Rate
FR Full Rate
G!! G"RS !o0ility !ana3ement
G"RS General "ac@et Radio Service
G"S Glo0al "ositionin3 System
GRR G"RS Radio Resource
GS! Glo0al System *or !o0ile Communication
-$ -andover
-SCS% -i3)4Speed Circuit4Switc)ed %ata
I In*ormation lement
I!I International !o0ile Auipment Identity
1"I 1ey "er*ormance Indicator
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?9
&AC &ocation Area Code
&&C &o3ical &in@ Control
!CC !o0ile Country Code
!! !o0ility !ana3ement
!NC !o0ile Networ@ Code
!S !o0ile Station
NCC Networ@ Colour Code
N!$ Networ@ !ode o* $peration
"#CC- "ac@et #roadcast Control C)annel
"CCC- "ac@et Common Control C)annel
"C- "a3in3 C)annel
"CU "ac@et Control Unit
"% "rotocol %iscriminator
"%C- "ac@et %ata C)annel
"%" "ac@et %ata "rotocol
"I "er*ormance Indicator
RAC Routin3 Area Code
RAS Remote Access Service
R&C Radio &in@ Control
R&" Radio &in@ "rotocol
RNC Radio Networ@ Controller
RR Radio Resource '!ana3ement+
SACC- Slow Associated Control C)annel
SA"I Service Access "oint Identi*ier
S%CC- Standalone %edicated Control C)annel
SI% Silence %escriptor
S!T" Simple !ail Trans*er "rotocol
S"S Standard "ositionin3 Service
SQI Speec) Quality Inde.
SS Si3nal Stren3t)
TA Timin3 Advance
TC- Tra**ic C)annel
T%!A Time %ivision !ultiple Access
T&&I Temporary &o3ical Identi*ier
TS Timeslot
TSC Trainin3 SeAuence Code
GSM %o9ica1 C:ann1s:
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?:
4ursts Structur:
Re*erence 2ersion
5/6
"a3e
?O
Ma!!in9 o2 1o9ica1 c:ann1s on t: !:;sica1 C:ann1:
S1cti= 4i81io9ra!:;:
TSI GS! TS ?66 Standards 577G48666
ricsson T!S 9 Investi3ation %ocumentation M T!S A# RICSS$N 866?
Alcatel G? volium #TS $ptimiBation %ocumentation 5777
ricsson Trainin3 M GS! System Survey

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