Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………….V
List of Figures…………………………………………………………..VI
Glossary………………………………………………………………..VII
I. Executive Summary……………………………………………..........1
II.1.Historical Background………………………………………….....…4
II.2.What is Nanotechnology? ...................................................................5
II.3.Nanotechnology Definitions………………………………………....7
II.4.The Significance of Nanoscale .........................................…………..8
II.5.Reasons for the Difference in Material Properties by Applying
Nanoscale ……..…………………………………………………......9
II.6.Nanomaterials……………………………………………...........….10
II.6.1.Methods of Nanomaterials Construction…………....................10
II.6.2.Properties of Nanomaterials…………………………………...11
II.6.3.Nanomaterial Science…………………………………….........12
II.6.3.1.Materials can be produced that are nanoscale……...……..12
II.6.3.1.1.Nanoscale in One Dimension………..…...…………..12
II.6.3.1.1.1.Thin films…………………………….……….....12
II.6.3.2.2.Engineered surfaces………………………………..13
II.6.3.1.2.Nanoscale in Two Dimensions………………….....13
II.6.3.1.2.1.Carbon Nanotubes…………………………….....13
II.6.3.1.2.2. Inorganic Nanotubes……………………...….....14
II.6.3.1.2.3.Nanowires…………………………………….....14
II.6.3.1.2.4.Biopolymers……………………………………..15
I
II.6.3.1.3.Nanoscale in Three Dimensions……………………..16
II.6.3.1.3.1.Nanoparticles………………………………..…..16
II.6.3.1.3.1.1.About Nanoparticles………...…………..….16
II.6.3.1.3.1.2.Applications of Nanoparticles…………..….17
II. 6.3.1.3.2.Fullerenes………………………………………....17
II.6.3.1.3.3.Dendrimers…………………………………….......18
II.6.3.1.3.4.Quantum Dots…………………...………………...18
III.1.Nano Medicine……………………………………………………20
III.1.1.Medicine Today……………………………………...............20
III.1.2.Shortcomings of Today's Medicine………………………….20
III.1.3.Nanotechnology in Medicine…………………………….…..21
III.1.4.Applying Nanomedicine outside the body……………….…..21
III.1.5.Applying Nanomedicine inside the body………………….…22
III.1.5.1.In the Bloodstream……………………………………....22
III.1.5.2.Inside tissues…………………………………………….23
III.1.5.2.1.Eliminating Invaders…………………………..........23
III.1.5.2.2.Herding Cells and Rebuilding Tissues……………...23
III.1.5.2.3.Working on Cells…………………………………...24
III.1.5.2.4.Eliminating Viruses by Cell Surgery………….........24
III.1.5.2.5.Healing Body and Limb……………………….........24
III.1.5.2.6.Correcting Chemistry………………………….........25
III.1.5.2.7.New Organs and Limbs……………………………..26
III.1.5.2.8.First Aid……………………………………………..26
III.1.6.The Threat of New Developing Diseases…………………….27
III.1.7.Nanotechnology Facing the Threats………………………….28
III.1.8.Automated Engineering………………………………………28
II
III.1.9.Aging…………………………………………………….……29
III.1.10.Restoring Species………………………………….…….…..30
III.2.Cancer and Nanotechnology……………………….………………31
III.2.1.Nanodevices……………………………………………...........31
III.2.2.Nanotechnology and Diagnostics………………………..........31
III.2.3.Nanotechnology and Cancer Therapy………………………...33
III.2.4.Nanotechnology Platform…………………………………….37
III.2.5.National Nanotechnology Standardisation Laboratory for
Cancer Therapy……………………………………………….37
III.2.6.Conclusion……………………………………………………38
III.3.Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture………………………...39
III.3.1.Nanofood……………………………………………………..40
III.3.1.1.Nanotechnology and food processing…………………...44
III.3.1.1.1.Nanofood now no longer just a vision……………...44
III.3.1.2.2.Processing aids……………………………………...44
III.3.1.2.3.Nutritional additives………………………………...45
III.3.1.2.4.Modern food processing methods produce
Nanoparticles………………………………………..47
III.3.1.2.Nanotechnology used for food packaging and food contact
materials
III.3.1.2.1.Extending the shelf-life of packaged Foods……...…48
III.3.3.2.2.Edible Nano coatings……………………………….48
III.3.3.2.3.Chemical release Nano packaging………………….49
III.3.3.2.4.Nano-based antimicrobial packaging and food contact
materials…………………………………….............49
III.3.3.1.5.Nano-sensor and track and trace packaging………...50
III.3.2.Nanotechnology used in agriculture………………………….51
III.3.2.1.Nano agrochemicals are already in commercial use……..51
III
III.3.2.2.Nano-genetic manipulation of agricultural crops and
animals………………………………………………...…51
III.3.2.3.General Applications of Nanotechnology in Agriculture..52
III.3.2.4.Conclusion……………………………………………….53
III.4.Nanotechnology and water………………………………………..54
III.4.1.Difference between purification of water by nanotechnology
and conventional methods……...…...……………………….55
III.4.2.How nanoparticles purify water?.……...….………. ………..55
V. Final Word…………………………………………..……………...59
V.1.Market Potential……………………………………………………59
V.2.About Egypt………………………………………………………..60
VI. Refrences………………………………………………..………….61
IV
Acknowledgement
V
List of Figures
VI
Glossary
VII