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Principles of Surgery
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DOWNLOADSTANDARD VIEWFULL VIEW OF 573
1
mrcs viva
Ratings: (0)|Views: 120 |Likes: 0
Published by Amine Younis
good for mrcs
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First published in Great Britain in 2007 byHodder Arnold,an imprint of Hodder Ed
ucation and a member of the Hodder Headline Group,338 Euston Road,London NW1 3BH
http://www.hoddereducation.com
Distributed in the United States of America byOxford University Press Inc.,198 M
adison Avenue,New York,NY10016Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford Univers
ity Press 2007 Iain Au-Yong,Simon Howarth,Tjun Tang and Robert SayersAll rights r
eserved.Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law,this publication may
onlybe reproduced,stored or transmitted,in any form,or by any means with prior
permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of reprographic productio
n in accordance with the terms of licencesissued by the Copyright Licensing Agen
cy.In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by theCopyright licensing Agen
cy:Saffron House,610 Kirby Street,London ECIN 8TS. Whilst the advice and informat
ion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to pr
ess,neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility
or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.In particular,(but wit
hout limiting the generality of thepreceding disclaimer) every effort has been m
ade to check drug dosages;however it is still possiblethat errors have been miss
ed.Furthermore,dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effect
srecognized.For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug c
ompaniesprintedinstructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in
this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of CongressISBN-100
340 906464ISBN-13978 0 340 9064601 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Commissioning Editor:Sarah
BurrowsProject Editor:Francesca NaishProduction Controller:Joanna WalkerCover D
esign:Nichola SmithIndexer:Lawrence ErringtonTypeset in 10/13,Berling Roman by C
haron Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company),Chennai,Indiawww.charontec.comPrinted and bo
und in Malta by Gutenberg Press
What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title?Please visi
t our website:www.hoddereducation.com

To Amy,for her endless patience and support.
IAY
To my Grandfather who guided me so well and whom I will miss so much.
SPSH
To Mummy and Papa for their love and tireless support over the years.
TT
To Patty
RS

This page intentionally left blank

Contents
Foreword
xi
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgements
xv
Abbreviations
xvii
PART 1: INTRODUCTION1Examination technique and useful tips
3
2Diagrams and equations for the exam
7
PART 2: APPLIED SURGICAL ANATOMY3Abdominal aorta
13
4Anal canal
15
5Biliary tree and gallbladder
17
6Blood supply to the heart
20
7The diaphragm
22
8The femoral triangle
24
9Kidney
26
10Liver
28
11Median nerve
31
12Pancreas
34
13Phrenic and vagus nerves
36
14Portal vein and portosystemic anastomoses
39
15Radial nerve
41
16Salivary glands
43
17Stomach
46
18Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
49
19The transpyloric plane of Addison
51
20Triangles of the neck
53
21Ulnar nerve
55
22Ureter
58
PART 3: OPERATIVE SURGERY23Anorectal surgery 1: anal fissure and lateral sphinct
erotomy
63
24Anorectal surgery 2: fistula
in ano
and pilonidal sinus
67
25Anorectal surgery 3: injection sclerotherapy and haemorrhoidectomy
73
26Burr holes and lumbar puncture
78
27Carotid endarterectomy
81
28Carpal tunnel decompression
87

viii
29Circumcision
91
30Emergency splenectomy
94
31Femoral and brachial embolectomy
98
32Femoral hernia repair
102
33Inguinal hernia repair
106
34Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopy
112
35Long saphenous varicose vein surgery
117
36Mastectomy, axillary dissection and breast reconstruction
120
37Open appendicectomy
125
38Orthopaedic related approaches and procedures
130
39Perforated duodenal ulcer and exploratory laparotomy
135
40Renal transplantation
140
41Thyroidectomy
144
42Tracheostomy
148
PART 4: APPLIED SURGICAL PATHOLOGY43Pathology definitions: helpful AZ guide
155
44Abscess and pus
158
45Acute inflammation
161
46Aneurysms
165
47Asbestos
169
48Ascites
172
49Atherosclerosis
177
50Breast cancer
182
51Carcinogenesis
189
52Cell cycle
194
53Chronic inflammation
197
54Colorectal cancer
200
55Diverticula
210
56Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and Barretts oesophagus
214
57HIV and universal precautions in surgery
219
58Hyperparathyroidism
224
59Hyperplasia, hypertrophy and atrophy
227
60Malignant melanoma
232
61Portal hypertension
239
62Thyroid cancer
244
63Tumour markers
252
PART 5: PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY64Abdominal incisions
259
65Amputation
265
CONTENTS

ix
66Anastomosis and anastomotic leak
270
67Antibiotics in surgery
275
68Bowel preparation
280
69Clinical governance
283
70Day surgery
287
71Diathermy
291
72Drains in surgery
295
73DVT prophylaxis and coagulation in surgery
297
74The hip joint, neck of femur and sciatic nerve
303
75Local anaesthetics
308
76Operating theatre design and infection control
312
77Screening in surgery
316
78Skin grafting and flap reconstruction
320
79Statistics and clinical trials
326
80Stomas
330
81Surgical sutures and needles
334
82Tourniquets
339
83Wound healing, scarring and reconstruction
342
PART 6: APPLIED SURGICAL PHYSIOLOGY84Acidbase balance
349
85Action potential
353
86Altitude
356
87Blood pressure control
358
88Calcium homoeostasis
362
89Cardiac action potential
366
90Cerebrospinal fluid and the bloodbrain barrier
369
91Control of respiration
373
92Functions of the kidney I
376
93Functions of the kidney II: fluid and electrolyte balance in the kidney and t
he loop of Henle
377
94Functions of the kidney III: endocrine functions of the kidney
381
95Functions of the kidney IV: other functions
383
96Functions of the liver
384
97Functions of the stomach
388
98Neuromuscular junction
391
99Oxygen transport
394
100Pituitary
397
101Starling forces in the capillaries/oedema
401
102Starlings law of the heart and cardiovascular equations
403
103Swallowing and oesophageal physiology
408
CONTENTS
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