Trng i hc bch khoa h ni

Khoa in T Vin Thng

----- -----





BO CO BI TP LN
MN K THUT VI X L

ti: THIT K MCH QUANG BO

Gio vin hng dn: Phm Ngc Nam
Sinh vin thc hin: Ng Hong Anh
Dng Trung Huyn
Nguyn Xun Tin
ng Hu Tng (TN)
Nguyn Trung Thu
Lp: T9 K47



11/2005


Li ni u
Song hnh vi s pht trin ca ngnh khoa hc my tnh trong
hn 60 nm qua, cng ngh in t c nhng bc tin vt bc vi
kh nng tch hp ngy cng cao ca vi mch t gip tng tc tc
x l, nng cao tin cy v gim gi thnh sn phm. T nhng ng
dng ban u ch yu trong lnh vc qun s v my tnh ca cc b vi
x l, ngy nay, s ra i ca cc h vi iu khin vi vic tch hp cc
khi chc nng trn mt IC, cc vi x l chuyn dng, cng vi th mnh
vn c ca cc b vi x l a nng gip cho vic ng dng k thut vi
x l vo trong cc h thng phi my tnh tr nn n gin hn, m rng
i tng ng dng cc thnh qu ca ngnh cng nghip in t hin i
ny. Ta c th thy ng dng ca chng trong cc h thng my tnh ln,
cc h thng vin thng cho n cc sn phm quen thuc nh my git,
iu ha, n giao thng,...
Trong khun kh bi tp ln ny, vi mc ch tm hiu ng dng
thc t ca k thut vi x l, nhm chng em la chn ti thit k
mch quang bo ng dng k thut vi x l.











MC LC
Li ni u

I. Tng quan 4
II. S khi 5
III. S nguyn l 5
IV. Cc IC v linh kin s dng trong mch 5
1. AT89C51 5
2. Thanh ghi dch 74HC595 21
3. ULN2803 23
4. LED ma trn 8x8 24
V. Nguyn l v tc dng linh kin 25
VI. Chng trnh 26
VII. Nhn xt, kt lun, hng m rng ti 29
Ti liu tham kho 31











4
I. Tng quan
Gii thiu sn phm:
Mch quang bo nhm thc hin l mch c chc nng hin th ni
dung trn ma trn im. Ni dung ny c th dch chuyn t phi sang
tri. Ni dung cn hin th c np trc vo trong b nh ca vi iu
khin trong qu trnh np chng trnh cho vi iu khin. Mi khi cn
thay i ni dung hin th cn np li chng trnh cho vi iu khin.
La chn cc linh kin:
thc hin mt sn phm nh trn quy m nh ta c th s
dng cc h vi iu khin khc nhau nh AVR, PIC, 8051 hay vi x l a
nng nh 8086. Tuy nhin, tit kim chi ph cng nh xt trn kh
nng mua cc chip trn trn th trng, ti liu nghin cu v chng, b
Kit pht trin, nhm em la chn AT89C51 lm vi iu khin cho
mch quang bo ny. Ngoi ra, cc linh kin khc hon ton d kim trn
th trng hin nay.














5

II. S khi



III. S nguyn l (km theo): file mach quang bao.pdf
IV. Cc IC v cc linh kin s dng trong mch:
1. AT89C51
- Tng thch vi cc sn phm thuc h vi iu khin MCS-51
- C 4 Kbyte b nh flash, kh nng ghi/xa 1000 ln

Khi vi iu khin
AT89C51

Khi hin th
Led ma trn 8x32
iu khin v
khuch i cng
sut hng

Khuch i cng
sut ct
(ULN2803)

Khi ngun
220VAC 5VDC

iu khin hin th
(74HC595)
6
- Lm vic vi tn s 0Hz 24MHz
- Kha b nh chng trnh 3 mc
- 128 x 8 bit RAM ni
- 32 ng xut/nhp lp trnh c
- 2 b nh thi/m 16 bit
- 6 ngun ngt
- Knh ni tip lp trnh c
- Ch tiu th t nng lng
a/ Cc chn ca IC 89C51

- Vcc: ni vi in p ngun
- GND: ni t
- Port 0: cng xut/nhp 8 bit. Khi lm cng xut, mi chn c th ghp
ni vi 8 u vo TTL. Khi cc chn mc 1, cc chn ny c th c
dng lm u vo tr khng cao. Ngoi ra, khi truy cp ti chng trnh
v d liu bn ngoi, port 0 c th c s dng lm bus a ch thp/ d
7
liu a hp. Port ny c th dng nhn chng trnh np vo Flash
hoc kim tra
- Port 1: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u
vo TTL. Cc chn ny c th lm u vo khi tt c c thit lp
mc 1. Port 1 nhn cc byte a ch thp trong qu trnh ghi chng trnh
v kim tra.
- Port 2: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u
vo TTL. Cc chn ny c th lm u vo khi tt c c thit lp
mc 1. Port 2 truyn byte a ch cao ca bus a ch vi cc thit k c
b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc cc thit k c nhiu hn 256 byte b
nh d liu ngoi. Port 2 cng nhn cc bit a ch cao v mt vi tn hiu
iu khin trong qu trnh np chng trnh v kim tra.
- Port 3: cng xut/nhp 8 bit, cc b m ra c th ghp ni vi 4 u
vo TTL. Khi tt c cc chn mc 1, Port 3 thc hin nhn d liu.
Ngoi ta, Port cn phc v mt s chc nng c bit ca AT89C51 nh:
Bit Tn a ch bit Chc nng
P3.0 RXD B0H Chn nhn d liu ca port ni tip
P3.1 RXT B1H Chn pht d liu ca port ni tip
P3.2 INT0 B2H Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
P3.3 INT1 B3H Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
P3.4 T0 B4H Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 0
P3.5 T1 B5H Ng vo ca b nh thi/m 1
P3.6 WR B6H iu khin ghi b nh ngoi
P3.7 RD B7H iu khin c b nh ngoi
Port 3 cng nhn mt s tn hiu iu khin trong qu trnh np chng
trnh v kim tra
- RST: u vo reset. Khi chn ny mc cao trong 2 chu k my khi
osccilator ang hot ng th IC s c reset
8
- ALE/PROG: chn cho php cht a chia ra xung cht byte a
ch thp trong qu trnh truy cp b nh ngoi. Chn ny cng ng vi
tr u vo xung chng trnh PROG trong qu trnh np chng trnh.
iu kin bnh thng, tn hiu pht ra t chn ny c tn s bng 1/6 tn
s ca mch dao ng trong chip v c th c s dng lm xung clock
- PSEN: chn cho php b nh chng trnh. Khi AT89C51 thc thi cc
lnh t b nh chng trnh ngoi, chn ny c tch cc 2 ln trong
mi chu k my
-EA/Vpp: chn ny phi ni t IC c th tm m t cc nh chng
trnh ngoi bt u t a ch 0000H n FFFFH (64Kbyte). IC tm v
thc thi cc lnh ca chng trnh trong b nh ni, chn ny cn ni vi
Vcc. Chn ny cng nhn in p cho php ghi chng trnh 12V trong
qu trnh np chng trnh.
- XTAL1: u vo ca b khuch i dao ng o
- XTAL2: u ra ca b khuch i dao ng o
b/ T chc b nh
B nh bn trong chip bao gm ROM, RAM va EPROM. RAM trn
chip bao gm vng RAM a chc nng, vng RAM vi tng bit c
nh a ch, cc dy thanh ghi (bank) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
C 2 c tnh ng lu :
+ Cc thanh ghi v cc port I/O c nh a ch theo kiu
nh x b nh v c truy xut nh mt v tr nh trong b nh.
+ Vng track thng tr trong RAM trn chip thay v trong
RAM ngoi nh i vi cc b vi x l.
Chi tit b nh d liu trn chip:




9













On- chip External
Memory Memory

Tm tt khng gian nh ca chip
* Vng RAM a mc ch: C 80 byte, a ch t 30H n 7FH
Bt c v tr no trong vng RAM ta u c th truy xut t do bng cch
s dng nh a ch trc tip hoc gin tip.
V d:
+ Kiu nh a ch trc tip:
MOV A, 5FH ;c ni dung ti a ch 5FH ca RAM
;vo thanh cha A.
+ Kiu nh a ch gin tip: (Qua cc thanh ghi R0,R1)
MOV R0, #5FH ; Di chuyn gi tr5FH vo thanh ghi R0
MOV A, @R0 ; Di chuyn d liu tr ti R0 vo thanh cha A

* Vng RAM nh a ch


Code
Memory

Enable
via PSEN



Data Memory

Enable via
RD and WR

FF

0000
FFFF FFFF
0000
10
Chip 89C51 cha 210 v tr nh a ch trong c 128 byte cha
trong cc byte a ch 20H n 2FH (16 byte x 8 = 128 bits), phn cn
li cha trong cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
Cng dng: + Truy xut cc bit ring r thng qua cc phn mm.
+ Cc port c th nh a ch tng bit, lm n gin
vic giao tip bng phn mm vi cc thit b xut nhp n bit.
V d: + Set bit trc tip:
SETB 67H; lnh lm nhim v set bit 67H bng 1
+ Hoc ta c th s dng lnh sau set bt 67H l bit ln
nht ca byte 2CH:
MOV A,2CH ; c c byte
ORL A,#10000000B ;Tc dung set bit
MOV 2CH,A ; Ghi tr li c byte



General purfose RAM
7F 7E 7D 7C 7B 7A 79 78
77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70
6F 6E 6D 6C 6B 6A 69 68
67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60
5F 5E 5D 5C 5B 5A 59 58
57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50
4F 4E 4D 4C 4B 4A 49 48
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40
3F 3E 3D 3C 3B 3A 39 38
37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30
2F 2E 2D 2C 2B 2A 29 28
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1F 1E 1D 1C 1B 1A 19 18
FF




30
2F











17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
11
0F 0E 0D 0C 0B 0A 09 08
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
BANK 3
BANK 2
BANK 1





20
1F





00
Default registor bank for R0-R7

* Cc dy thanh ghi:
C a ch t 00H n 1FH, 32 v tr thp nht ca b nh ni cha cc
dy thanh ghi. Cc lnh ca 89C51 h tr 8 thanh ghi t R0 n R7 (mc
nh thuc bank 0 sau khi reset h thng)


F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0
B


E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0
ACC


D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
PSW


- - - BC BB BA B9 B8
IP


B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
P3


AF - - AC AB AA A9 A8
IE
FF
F0

E0

D0

B8

B0

A8

A0


12
























B nh d liu trn chip


* Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR)
Khng phi tt c 128 a ch t 80H n FFH u c nh ngha
m ch c 21 a ch c nh ngha.
Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit bao gm:
+ T trng thi chng trnh PSW: c a ch l D0H
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
P2

Not bit addressable

SBUF
9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98
SCON


97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90
P1

Not bit addressable
Not bit addressable
Not bit addressable
Not bit addressable
A0


99
98

90


8D
8C
8B
8A
89
Not bit addressable

TH1
TH0

TL1
TL0
TMOD
8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88
TCON
Not bit addressable

Not bit addressable
Not bit addressable
Not bit addressable
PCON

DPH
DPL
SP
88
87


83
82
81
80
87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80
PO
13
Bit K hiu a ch M t
PSW.7 CY D7H C Nh
PSW.6 AC D6H C nh ph
PSW.5 F0 D5H C 0
PSW.4 RS1 D4H Chn dy thanh ghi 1
PSW.3 RS0 D3H Chnh dy thanh ghi 0
00 = bank 0: a ch t 00F n 07H
01 = bank 1: a ch t 08F n 0FH
10 = bank 2: a ch t 00F n 07H
11 = bank 3: a ch t 00F n 07H
PSW.2 OV D2H C trn
PSW.1 - D1H D tr
PSW.0 P D0H C kim tra chn l
+ Thanh ghi B: C a ch F0H c dng chung vi thanh cha A
trong cc php ton nhn v chia.
+ Con tr Stack (SP) : l thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H, n cha a
ch ca d liu hin ang nh ca stack.
+ Con tr d liu DPTR:
- Dng truy xut b nh chng trnh ngoi hoc b nh d
liu ngoi.
- DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit c a ch 82H (byte thp ) v 83H
(byte cao).
V d:
MOV A, #55H ;Np hng d liu 55H v thanh cha A
MOV DPTR, %1000 ;Np hng a ch 16 bit 1000H cho
; con tr DPTR
MOV @DPTR, A ; Chuyn d liu t A vao RAM ngoi
; ti a ch DPTR tr ti.
+ Cc thanh ghi port:
- Port 0 : a ch 80H
14
- Port 1 : a ch 90H
- Port 2 : a ch A0H
- Port 3 : a ch B0H
+ Cc thanh ghi nh thi:
8951 c 2 b nh thi/m dng nh khong thi gian hoc
m cc s kin.
- B nh thi 0: a ch 8AH (TL0 ) va 8CH (TH0)
- B nh thi 1: a ch 8bH (TL1 ) va 8DH (TH1)
Hot ng ca b nh thi c thit lpbi thanh ghi ch
nh thi TMOD a ch 89H v thanh ghi ieu khin b nh thi
TCON a ch 88H (ch c TCON c nh a ch tng bit)
+ Cc thanh ghi ca port ni tip: Chip 8951 c 1 port ni tip
truyn thng vi cc thit b nh cc thit b u cui hoc modem...
+ Cc thanh ghi ngt: c mt cu trc ngt vi 2 mc u tin v 5
nguyn nhn ngt. Cc ngt b v hiu ho sau khi Reset h thng v
c php bng cch vo thanh ghi IE a ch A8H.
Mc u tin ngt c thit lp bi thanh ghi IP a ch B8H.
+ Thanh ghi iu khin ngun: PCON c a ch 87H.
c/ Tm tt tp lnh
Thng qua vic kho st cc kiu nh a ch v cc v d trn cc tnh
hung lp trnh in hnh chng ta tip cn tp lnh ca h MCS-51.
Cc kiu nh a ch.
C 8 kiu nh a ch :
+ Thanh ghi.:
VD: MOV PSW,#00011000B
+ Trc tip :
VD: MOV P1, A
+ Gin tip:
VD: MOV A,@R0
+ Tc thi:
15
VD: MOV A, #54
+ Tng i:
VD: SJMP THREE :Nhy n nhn THREE
+ Tuyt i:
VD: AJMP THREE
+ Di:

+ Ch s.
VD: JMP @A+DPTR


Cc loi lnh:
C 5 nhm lnh:
+ Nhm lnh s hc.
ADD A , ngun: Cng ton hng ngun vo A
ADD A, #data : Cng d liu data vi A
ADDC A, ngun: Cng ngun vi A v c nh.
ADDC A, #data : Cng d liu data vi A v c nh.
SUBB A, ngun: Tr A vi ngun
SUBB A, #data : Tr A vi data
INC A : Tngni dung thanh ghi A ln 1
DEC A : Gim ni dung thanh ghi A ln 1
INC DPTR : Tng DPTR
MUL AB : Nhn ni dung thanh ghi A v B
DIV AB : Chia A cho B
DA A : Hiu chnh thp phn thanh ghi A
+ Nhm lnh Logic.
ANL A, ngun AND
ANL A, #data
ANL direct, A
16
ANL direct , #data
ORL A, ngun OR
ORL A, #data
ORL direct, A
ORL direct , #data
XRL A, ngun OR
XRL A, #data
XRL direct, A
XRL direct , #data
CLR A Xo A
CPL A Ly b A
RL A Quay tri A
RLC A K c c nh
RR A Quay phi A
RRC A K c c nh
SWAP A Hon i 2 na 4 bit



+ Nhm lnh di chuyn d liu
MOV A, ngun Di chuyn ton hng ngung n ch
MOV A, #data
MOV dest , A
MOV dest , source
MOV dest, #data
MOV DPTR, #data16
MOVC A, @A+DPTR Di chuyn t b nh chng trnh
MOVC A, #A+PC
MOVX A, @Ri
MOVX A, @DPTR
17
MOVX @Ri, A
MOVX @DPTR, A
PUSH direct Ct vo Stack
POP direct Ly ra t Stack
XCH A, source Trao i cc byte
XCHD A, @Ri Trao i cc digit thp
+ Nhm lnh x l bit.
CLR C xo bit
CLR bit
SETB C
SETB bit
CPL C
CPL bit
ANL C, bit AND
ANL C , /bit AND NOT bit vi C
ORL C, bit
ORL C, /bit
MOV C, bit
MOV bit, C
JC rel Nhy n Rel nu C=1
JNC rel Nhy n Rel nu C=0
JB bit, rel Nhy nu bit bng 1
JNB bit, rel Nhy nu bit =0
JBC bit , rel Nhy nu bit =1 ri xo bit



+Nhm lnh r nhnh.
ACALL addr11 Gi chng trnh con
LCALL addr16
18
RET Quay v t chng trnh con
RETI Quay v t chng trnh ngt
AJMP addr11 Nhy
LJMP addr16
SJMP rel
JMP @ A+DPTR
JZ rel Nhy nu A=0
JNZ rel Nhy nu A <>0
CJNE A,direct, rel So snh v nhy
CJNE #data, rel
CJNE Rn,#data, rel
CJNE @ Ri,# data, rel
DJNZ Rn, rel Gim v nhy nu khc 0
DJNZ direct, rel
NOP Khng lm g

d/ Hot ng nh thi
L mt chui cc Flip-Flop ni tip nhau v nhn tn hiu t
ngun xung nhp. B nh thi c lp trnh sao cho s trn trong mt
khong thi gian nht nh v set c trn ca b nh thi = 1.
Cc b nh thi s dng :
- nh thi trong mt khong thi gian.
- m s kin.
- To tc baud cho cc port ni tip.
Cc b nh thi c truy xut bng cch s dng 6 thanh ghi
chc nng c bit.
SFR ca b
nh thi
Mc ch a ch a ch ca Bit
19
TCON iu khin 88H C
TMOD Chon ch 89H Khng
TL0 Byte thp ca b nh thi 0 8AH Khng
TL1 Byte thp ca b nh thi 1 8BH Khng
TH0 Byte cao ca b nh thi 0 8CH Khng
TH1 Byte cao ca b nh thi 1 8DH Khng

e/ Hot ng ngt
- L s xy ra mt s kin, mt iu kin lm cho chng trnh hin
hnh tm dng trong khi iu kin c phc v bi mt chng trnh
khc. Ngt ng vai tr quan trng trong vic thit k, thc hin ng dng
cc b vi iu khin.
- T chc ngt ca 8951:
+ C 5 nguyn nhn to ra ngt: 2 ngt do bn ngoi, 2 ngt do b
nh thi, mt ngt do port ni tip.
+ Khi xy ra 2 hay nhiu ngt ng thi hoc mt ngt trong khi
ang thc hin mt ngt khc th ta s c 2 s x l cc ngt: S
chui vng v s 2 mc u tin.
Cc cch thc cho php ngt v khng cho php ngt:
Mt s nguyn nhn ngt c cho php v khng c cho php.

Bit K
hiu
a ch
bit
M t
(0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php)
IE.7 EA AFH Cho php/ khng cho php ton cc
IE.6 - AEH Khng s dng
IE.5 ET2 ADH Cho php ngt do b nh thi 2
IE.4 ES ACH Cho php ngt do port ni tip
IE.3 ET1 ABH Cho php ngt do b nh thi 1
IE.2 EX1 AH Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1)
20
IE.1 ET0 A9H Cho php ngt do b nh thi 0
IE.0 EX0 A8H Cho php ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 )

u tin ngt:
Cc u tin ngt c lp trnh ring r c mt trong 2 mc u tin
thng qua cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit c nh a ch bit.
Bit K
hiu
a ch
bit
M t
(0= Khng cho php; 1= Cho php)
IP.7 - - Khng s dng
IP.6 - - Khng s dng
IP.5 PT2 BDH u tin ngt do b nh thi 2
IP.4 PS BCH u tin ngt do port ni tip
IP.3 PT1 BBH u tin ngt do b nh thi 1
IP.2 PX1 BAH u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 1)
IP.1 PT0 B9H u tin ngt do b nh thi 0
IP.0 PX0 B8H u tin ngt t bn ngoi (Ngt ngoi 0 )
X l ngt:
Cc thao tc xy ra sau khi ngt:
- Hon tt vic thc thi lnh hin hnh.
- B m chng trnh PC c hon tt.
- Trng thi ca ngt hin hnh c lu gi li.
- Cc ngt c chn li mc ngt.
- B m chng trnh PC c np a ch vct ca trnh phc
v ngt ISR
- ISR c thc thi.
Cc c ngt:
Ngt C Thanh ghi SFR v v tr bt
Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 0) IE0 TCON.1
Do bn ngoi (ngt ngoi 1) IE1 TCON.3
21
Do b nh thi 1 TF1 TCON.7
Do b nh thi 0 TF0 TCON.5
Do port ni tip TI SCON.1
Do port ni tip RI SCON.0

2. Thanh ghi dch 74HC595
74HC595 l mt thanh ghi dch 8 bit u vo ni tip, c cc u
ra song song v ni tip, ng ra c b m 3 trng thi.
S chn ca 74HC595 nh sau:

S chn 74HC595
22

S logic ca 74HC595

+ QA,QB,QC,QD,QE,QF,QG,QH: l cc ng ra song song ca
74HC595
+ Chn 14 (A): u vo ni tip
+ Chn 9 (SQ
H
) : u ra ni tip
+ Chn 13 (Output Enable): Tch cc mc thp, khi chn ny
mc thp th tn hiu t b cht c a ra u ra. Khi n mc cao
th cc u ra song song trng thi tr khng cao. u ra ni tip
khng b nh hng bi chn ny.
+ Chn 12 (Latch clock): Qu trnh chuyn t mc thp sang mc
cao Latch clock s cht d liu c dch trong thanh ghi dich vo
b cht
+ Chn 11 (Shift Clock) : u vo xung nhp, mt qu trnh
chuyn t mc thp n mc cao chn ny s dch d liu trong
thanh ghi dch mt nhp
23
+ Chn 10 (Reset) : reset khng ng b, tch cc mc thp. Mc
thp chn ny s reset thanh ghi dch nhng khng reset b cht li
ra.
3. ULN2803
+ Gm 8 cp transistor mc kiu darlington, c E chung


S chn ca ULN2803


S mc darlington vo ra ca ULN2803
24

+ Chn 1 -> chn 8 (In 1 -> In 8): 8 u vo
+ Chn 11-> chn 16 : 8 u ra .
+ Chn 9 : t chung ca cc cc E ca Darlington
+ Chn 10 : Cc C chung


4. Led ma trn 8x8
Loi led 2 mu, 24 chn, chung Anode theo hng









25
V. Nguyn l v tc dng linh kin:
y l loi led Anode chung hng nn mt led sng th d liu
hng phi mc cao v xut ra ct phi mc thp. Vi iu khin
iu khin thanh ghi dch la chn ct sng
Ti mi thi im ch c mt ct c sng, nhng ta li dng tnh
cht lu nh trn vng mc c th hin th c ng thi c 32 ct.
Tn s qut lc ny phi m bo >=24 hnh/s
led sng p v n nh th dng qua led khong I
tb
=10mA
Mt ct c 8 led, ngha l ti a mt thi im c 8 led sng
Vy dng cn thit cho mt ct led l
I
ct
=I
tb
x 8 x H s an ton
=10x8x2
=160mA
ct ta dng ULN2803 ht dng, m kh nng ht dng ca
ULN2803 ln ti 500mA nn hon ton ph hp trong trng hp ny
V nguyn l ti mt thi im ch c mt ct c php sng,
nhng do ta qut nhanh nn s cm thy tt c cc ct u sng, thi gian
sng 1 ct ch l 1/32 chu k qut. m bo mt ngi nhn thy cc
led sng khng b nhp nhy th dng cung cp cho mt led cn gp 32
ln dng trung bnh chia u khong thi gian n khng c chiu
sng
Dng cn thit cung cp cho cc hng l:
I
hng
= 10x32x2
= 640 mA
Vi A1015 loi GR c h s khuch i l 200-400. Qua o thc t
h s khuch i ca cc Transistor l khong 250.
Khi hot ng dng cung cp cho ma trn n nh Tran hot
ng trng thi bo ho
I
cbh
=I
hng
= 640mA
26
* I
b
>= I
cbh
I
b
>= 640/250 =2.56 mA
U
b
/R
b
>=2.56
R
b
<= (5-0.7)/2.56 =1.68 K
Chn tr 1K
VI. Lu thut ton v chng trnh
S dng kiu tra bng d liu, thc hin qut theo ct
M ngun: file BYG.ASM km theo
Lu thut ton:
27


Khi to h thng
Hin th

Tr = x ms
Sai


Dch con tr d liu
ng
S ln dich
= s ct
Sai

ng
Con tr d liu
v u

Chng trnh chnh
28




Chng trnh con
Hin th

Chn ct
Cp ngun v d
liu
Tr
Tt led chng
nhiu
Ct = S ct

Thot
Sai

ng
29
VII. Nhn xt, kt lun v hng m rng ti
Nhu cu trang b bng in t ca hng, ta nh, sn bay, nh ga,
cng ty chng khon hin nay rt ln. c nhng doanh nghip chuyn
sn xut nhng sn phm nh th ny nh Ph Thnh, tuy nhin cc sn
phm mi ch c ng dng cc ca hng, siu th vi yu cu cht
lng cha cao v t tnh nng. T thnh cng bc u trong d n ny,
chng em c iu kin tm hiu v cch thc hot ng ca bng in
t, quan trng hn l bit ng dng kin thc vi x l hc vo trong
thc t. y l c s quan trng nhm c th tip tc pht trin ti
ln cao hn.
Mt s hn ch ca mch:
- Phng php hin th trong mch quang bo ny l qut theo ct,
do khi kch thc bng tng ln v s ct thi gian qut hin th y
mt khung hnh s tng, n mt gi tr no s lm mt hiu ng
lu nh trn vng mc v ta s nhn thy s gin on trong qu trnh
hin th. Ngoi ra, khi s hng tng ln th cn thm tng y Transistor
iu khin hng lm tng kch thc ca mch. Nu s dng phng
php qut theo hng th mi khi qut mt hng ta s xut d liu iu
khin cc ct v la chn hng bng cch s dng mt IC gii m. Trong
bi ny c th s dng 74LS138. Tuy nhin khi s dng qut hng th ti
mt thi im s LED cn hin th ti a bng s ct ca bng hin th,
do yu cu cng dng in ln cp cho tt c cc LED sng
bnh thng. R rng vi mi phng php th u c u v nhc im
ring.
- Ni dung hin th c np vo trong ROM nn nu ni dung
hin th m ln th i hi tng kch thc b nh ROM bng cch ghp
ni thm ROM. K c nh vy th b nh ghp ni ch c php ti a
64Kbyte (vi IC AT89C51). Do vy y vn l mt phng n cha ti
u. khc phc iu ny, cc k hiu hn th cn c m ha v lu
30
trong b nh. Mi khi mt k hiu no c gi ti hin th th chng
trnh s t ng truy cp ti nh cha m iu khin cc LED tng
ng vi k hiu . Phng n ny i hi lp trnh phc tp hn v c
ghp ni vi my tnh trong cc ng dng cao cp. Tuy nhin vi mc
ch tm hiu ng dng ca k thut vi x l v yu cu bi ton n gin
cng nh thi gian gii hn, nhm chng em mi hon thnh sn phm
mc hin nay.
Trong qu trnh thc hin d n ny, chng em hc tp c
thm nhiu kin thc thc t, trao i thm gia cc thnh vin, lm quen
vi tc phong lm vic theo nhm v cch thc x l cc kh khn khi
gp phi. K thut vi x l l mt mn hc hay nhng kh, y cng l
ln u tin nhm thc hin mt d n nh th ny, do bn cnh vic
t hc th s hng dn v cc kinh nghim ca thy gip chng
em rt nhiu. Chng em cm n thy Phm Ngc Nam rt nhiu v
nhng ch bo tn tnh trong thi gian qua v mong s tip tc c thy
gip trong qu trnh n thi cho k thi sp ti!













31

TI LIU THAM KHO
1. http://home.wanadoo.nl/electro1/avr/dotmatrix.htm
2. Tng Vn On, Hong c Hi H Vi iu khin 8051, NXB Lao
ng X hi
3. Barry B. Brey - The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088,
80186/80188. 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, and Pentium Pro
Processor Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing, Fourth
Edition, Prentice Hall International, inc
4. Nguyn Tng Cng Lp trnh cho h vi iu khin 8051, NXB
Khoa hc K thut
5. Ng Din Tp - Lp trnh ghp ni my tnh trong Windows, NXB
Khoa hc K thut
6. Hunh c Thng - Cm nang thc hnh vi mch tuyn tnh,
TTL/LS, CMOS, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 1994
7. Phm Minh H, K thut mch in t, NXB KHKT, 1998
8. Robert Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky - Electronic Device and Circuit
Theory Sixth Edition, Prentice - Hall International, Inc
9. Victor P. Nelson, H. Troy Nagle, Bill D. Carroll, J. David Irwin -
Digital Logic Circuit Analysis and Design, Prentice - Hall
International, Inc