Alexandros Ioannou Outline Rules and Regulations Importance Enforcement Key Rules
Aerodynamics Different forms of drag Mach and Reynolds number Optimisation of the top profile Ground clearance Wheel fairings Future Work Rules and Regulations Introduction In all sports Rules and regulations are important especially in motor racing Importance Influence the design of the car due to restrictions Must comply in order to participate in practice or attempts
Enforcement Can be found online Created Excel with relevant rules under each role for easy access Booklet containing rules ready to hand Periodic checks Dimensions Height Track ratio max 1.25 Track width: at least 500 mm Wheelbase: at least 1000 mm.
Chassis Height Height Track width ratio: maximum 1.25 Required lowering of floor by 113mm Used uprights
Conclusion There will be tests at the event to verify the legality of the car Aerodynamic Design Introduction Aerodynamic drag accounts for around half of the total drag Area for most improvement Minimise drag and neutral lift Drag Two main sources: 1. Skin
2. Pressure
Theoretical estimation Velocity 6.9 m/s Mach number: 0.020- incompressible Reynolds number 1.26 million based on 2.70m length turbulent (3000~5000)
Initial Design For top section symmetrical aerofoil, tear drop shaped, delay transition For side, truncated half tear drop shape Initial estimation of drag coefficient 0.16 Optimisation of top section Used XFR5. Validation: Tested numerous NACA aerofoils. Results with 15% at 0 C L of experimental from Theory of Sections at same Reynolds number
Optimisation of top section Inputted chassis into software. Iterative process. Used spline to create best aerofoil that fit our chassis
Version Sectional C D 1 0.00714 2 0.00724 3 0.00811 Ground clearance For a length of 2.70m minimum ground clearance is 10.0cm. Final Design has 11.5cm Wheel fairings Decrease tyre drag by around 50% Same NACA 66-021 aerofoil for all fairings What changed was length
Wheel fairings Final wheel fairings length Future work Optimise top and side section using CFD and wind tunnel Optimise wheel fairing junctions. Minimise interference drag Investigate performance in side winds Wheel discs instead of spokes Optimise camber for zero lift
Summary Rules and Regulations Importance Enforcement Key Rules
Aerodynamics Different forms of drag Mach and Reynolds number Optimisation of the top profile Ground clearance Wheel fairings Future Work
References Joseph Katz (2006). Race Car Aerodynamics: Design for Speed. Cambridge: Bentley Publisher. P52. Buchheim, R., Deutenbach, K.-R., Luckoff, H.-J. (1981). Necessity and Premises for reducing the aerodynamic drag of future passenger cars.SAE paper 810 185, Detroit. R H Barnard (2009). Road Vehicle Aerodynamic Design: an Introduction. 3rd ed. Hertfordshire: MechAero Publishing. P35. Wolf-Heinrich Hucho (1987). Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles. London: Betterworth & Co. P129, 232. John D. Anderson, JR (2011). fundamentals of Aerodynamics. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill. P381.