5

5-1

1
1.1
(1) (mined)
, . 1 4
4 .
(2)

.
(3) (1999)

.

1.2
.
(1) :

.
(2) : , ,
.
(3) : ,
.
(4) :
, , .
(5) : , ,
, .
(6) : , ,
. TBM, .
(7) :

- 223 -

(+) .
(8) :
.
(9) :
, ,
(thrust fault) .
(10) (disk cutter) : TBM
.
(11) (rock bolt) :

.
(12) : .
(13) : .
(14) : .
(15) : .
(16) : TBM TBM
, TBM .
(17) :
.
(18) : , , .
(19) :

.
(20) (bench) :
(bench) .
(21) : .
(22) :
.
(23) (fiber reinforced shotcrete) :

- 224 -

5-1

.
(24) (segments) : ,
.
(25) (shotcrete) :
.
(26) (spring line) :
.
(27) (skip) :
.
(28) RMR(rock mass rating) : (Bieniawski)
, RQD, , ,
,
.
(29) RQD(rock quality designation) : 100mm

. NX .
(30) (talus) : .
(31) (shoulder) : .
(32) :
.
(33) (skin plate) : ,
.
(34) : .
(35) (erector) :
.
(36) :
.
(37) : , ,
.
(38) (invert) :

- 225 -

.
(39) : ,
, .
(40) : 1,0005,000m . 5,000m
.
(41) :
.
(42) :

.
(43) :
, , , , .
(44) : ,
.
(45) (geophysical exploration) :
, ,
, , , , , .
(46) : .
(47) :
, .
(48) : , , ,
(pattern) .
(49) :
, , .
(50) :
.
(51) :
.
(52) :
.

- 226 -

5-1

(53) (crown) : .
(54) :
(+)
.
(55) : .
(56) : .
(57) (wall) : .
(58) : .
(59) : .
(60) (cutter bit) :
. ,
, ,
.
(61) (cutter shop) : TBM ,
, .
(62) (cutter slit) :
.
(63) (cutter head) : TBM
, .
(64) (cage) :
.
(65) K :
.
(66) Q- : (Barton) RQD,
, , , ,
.
(67) :
.
(68) (tail void) :
. ,

- 227 -

.
(69) (tail skin plate) : (skin plate)
.
(70) (tail seal) :

.
(71) (tail clearance) :
.
(72) : , .
(73) : .
(74) TCR(Total Core Recovery) :
.
(75) : .
(76) : , ,
.
(77) :
.
(78) (pillar) : .
(79) : .
(80) : .
(81) : 3 4 , ,
.
(82) : .

- 228 -

5-2

2
2.1
(1) , , ,
.
(2) ,
,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) 1,000m , 1,000m5,000m
, 5,000m .

2.2
(1) .

,
, (talus) ,
,
.

.

,
.
2
,

- 229 -

.
, ,


.

, , , ,

.
, (L=1km )
, .

(2) .
,

.


,
.

.

,
.
(3) .

,
, , ,

- 230 -

5-2

.
.

,
, .
,

, , .


.
,
,
.

.


, .

(4) .

.

.
, , , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, , , ,

- 231 -

, ,
, ,
.
(5) .



.

, .

, .

(6)
.

(7) .




.
, , , ,

, .



.

- 232 -

5-2

(8) .


.
, , , ,
.
,
.

.

(9) TBM , , ,
.

- 233 -

3
3.1
(1) , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) , ,


.
.
(4)
, , .
(5) , ,
.
(6)
.
(7)
.

3.2
(1)

. ,

.
(2)
.
RMR Q-

- 234 -

5-3

. , Q-

.
(3)
, ,
.
(4)

.

3.3
(1) .









,


(2)
. .
(3)
.
(4)
.

- 235 -

(5) .
(6)
< 3.3.1> .

3.3.1

,

((core), )

( )

()

( )

- 236 -

5-4

4
4.1
(1)
. ,

.

(2) , , ,
2 3
. 2 3
.

(3) .

.
,

3 , 2 ,
. ,
.
. ,

.
.

,

.

- 237 -

4.2
(1) , ,
, , (creep pressure), ,
, , , ,
, .

(2) .
(initial
stress), , , , ,
, , .
.

.

.
, ,
.
, , ,

.


.

.
.

4.3
(1)

- 238 -

5-4

, (simulation)
.

(2)
, ,
.

(3) .
, , ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
(4)

.
(5)
.
(6) ,
.
.
(7)

,
.

- 239 -

5
5.1
(1)

.

.
, .
, , ,

, .


.

(2)

, , , ,
.
< 5.1.1> < 5.1.1> RMR Q-

.

- 240 -

5-5

1)

5.1.1 RMR ()

RMR :
3m
81100

RMR :
6180

1.01.5m

20m 3m, 2.5m

4160

10m 1.52.0m

RMR :
2140

4m,

.
11.5m.

10m

45m,
11.5m

0.5

1.5m.

RMR :

1.53.0m.
3

56m,
RMR : <20 . 11.5m

50mm

50100mm,

30mm

100150mm,

100mm

150200mm,

150mm

50mm

1.5m

(lagging)

0.75m

1) : 25MPa 10m

- 241 -

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

, (40100mm)
(5090mm)

6)
7)
8)
9)

(90120mm)
(120150mm)
> 150mm, ,

5.1.1 Q- ()

Q (De) .
De =

B ( , )
ESR ( Excavation Support Ratio : )

, (ESR)
< 5.1.2> .
5.1.2 (ESR)

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

(ESR)

,
, ,
, ,

- 242 -

25
1.62.0
1.21.3
0.91.1
0.50.8

5-5

5.2
(1) .
,
.

.

.
.
.
.
.
(2) .
.
KS D 3503 SS 400
.
(3) .
,
, H, U, (lattice
girder) .
, ,
, . , ,
,
.
(4) .
,
. ,
.

- 243 -

() .
.
, , .

.
(5) .

.

1.5m 2.0m .


.
, ,

.

5.3
(1) , ,
.

, ,
.

3 .
.

.

- 244 -

5-5

, , .
(2) .
.
.
.

.
(rebound ratio) .
.
(3) .

.
.
.
.
1
0.1mm
15mm .

1 10MPa , 28 21MPa
.

() (fiber) .

.
.
.
.
.

- 245 -

.
. 5% , ,
, .
(4) , ,
50mm .

5.4
(1) .
.
, ,
.
. :

. :


. :
2 3
3 ()
.
. :
.
. :

.
.

.
, ,
.

- 246 -

5-5

.


80% .
(2) .

,
(FRP) ,
(KS) .
SD
35 . KS E
3132 < 5.4.1> .
5.4.1

(MPa)

(MPa)

(%)
( 2 )

SD 35

350 - 450

500

18

SD 40

400 - 520

570

16

,
.
6mm 9mm
.
(3) .
, , 5.4.2
, , .

,
.
()

- 247 -

.

.
1
, 2mm
.
(4) .
.
, , ,
, .
5.4.2

- - .


.

.

.



.

- - - , , ,
, .

, ,
, .

.
.
- -
.

2
.


.





.
.
.

- 248 -

5-5

. ,
.

2 1

.
1
D25
.

5.5
(1) .

.
.
(2) .
KS D 7017 5mm,
100mm100mm 150mm150mm .


.
100mm,
200mm .

- 249 -

6
6.1
(1) ,

.
(2) ,
,
, .
(3) ,
.









(4)
.
(5) .

6.2
(1)

- 250 -

5-6

. ,

.
(2) , ,
. ,
28 2124MPa
.
(3) ,
28 27MPa .
(4)
.

6.3
(1)
, ,

.
(2)

.
(3) , , ,
, , .
(4) 35m2
300mm ,
.
(5)


.
.

- 251 -

6.4
(1) .
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4)
.
(5) ,
.

6.5
(1)

.
(2) ,
,
.

, ,

6.6
(1)
.
(2) 150mm , 28 18MPa
.

- 252 -

5-7

7
7.1
(1) , , ,
.
,
.
, , , ,
(, ),
.

(2) , ,
.

(3) (shovel), (braker) TBM

.

.
, , , ,
.
TBM 13 TBM, 14 TBM
.

(4)
.

- 253 -

.


, .
.
. 1
.
. , , ,
.
.
.
.


.
,
< 7.1.1>
. ,
.
7.1.1

(,
)

, , ,

,

(kine)

0.3

1.0

2.0

- 254 -

3.0

5.0

5-7

. , , ,

.

(5)

, , , , ,

.

(6)
.
, , ,
, , ,
.
8
.

(7)

7.2
(1) < 7.2.1> ,
, ,
.
,
.

,
.

- 255 -

.


.
7.2.1

: 3D

: 1D3D

: 1D

: 3

D :

7.3
(1) , , ,
, , ,
.
, , , ,

.
, ,

.

.

.

- 256 -

5-7

, ,
.
(2)
.

(3) ,
, , , ,
,
.
,

.
20m ,
, 50m
2 10m .

,
.
< 7.3.1> ,
.

7.3.1

- 257 -

.


.
.

.

(4)
,
, , ,
,
,
.
500m ,
,

.

.
, ,
, 1 35

.
, ,
, ,

.

- 258 -

5-7

(5) , , , ,
, , ,
,
.

(6) ,
, ,


.

- 259 -

8
8.1
(1) .
(2)
.
:
:

:

(3)

.

8.2
(1) , , , ,
, .

(2) .

.
( 400KPa )
.



.

- 260 -

5-8

(3) .


.
,
.
400KPa
.

8.3
(1)
,
.
(2)


.
(3)

.
(4)
,
.
(5) 100mm
.
(6) , ,

- 261 -

THP 200mm .
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9)
.

8.4
(1) , ,
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) , ,
.
(5)
.
(6) ,
.

8.5
(1)
< 8.5.1> . 2
3 ,

- 262 -

5-8

8.5.1

1)

( /m 2 /day)
10m

100m

0.02

0.01

0.1

0.05

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.2

1.0

0.5

,


,

2
3

1) (STUVA)

- 263 -

9.1
(1)
12 1.5
. , ,

.
(2) , , ,

.
(3) .


, ,

9.2
(1)
.
,

.
()

.

- 264 -

5-9

,

.



, ,
.
(2)

, , .
(3) , ,
, , ,
.
(4)
,
.
(5) ,
.
(6) ,

, ,
.
(7)
.
(8)
.
(9) 3
,

- 265 -

.
(10)

.

9.3
(1)
, ,
, , , .
(2) , , ,
,
,
.
(3)
.
(4)
.

.

, ,
,
.
(5) , ,
.
(6)

.
(7)
,

- 266 -

5-9

. ,
.
(8) ,
.

- 267 -

10
10.1
(1) , , , ,


.






, , ,

(2)
.

(3)
, , , ,
.

10.2
(1)
.
(2)
. ,
.
(3) , ,

- 268 -

5-10

, .
(4)
,
.

10.3 ,
(1)
.
(2) ,
.
(3) (pillar)
.
(4)
.
(5)
3 .

- 269 -

11
11.1
(1)
.
(2) .
(3)
.
(4)
, .
,
.
(5)
, ,
.
(6) , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , .
(7) , ,
.
(8) ,
,
.
(9) , , ,
.
.
(10)
, , .
(11) , , ,
.

- 270 -

5-11

(12)
, ,
.
(13)
.

11.2
(1) .
, ,
, ,
.
,
.

20m/s
.
(cage), (skip)
, , , ,
.

, , ,
, , .
(2) .
, ,
, , , , ,
, .
.
, , , ,
.

- 271 -

(3) .

,
, , , ,
.

.
.
, , 5
.
.
(4) .

(concrete

block), (segment), (liner plate) .

, , , , , , ,
.

.
, ,
.

.
2030m

.
.

, 200400mm

- 272 -

5-11

.
,
.

(5) .
,
, , , ,
.
, , , ,
.
, , , , ,
, .
,
.
, , ,
.
(6) .
,
,
.

,
.

11.3
(1) .
, , , , , ,
, .

- 273 -

, , ,
.
, ,
.
, , , ,
.

.
(2) .
, , , ,
.
, , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
.
.
, , , ,
.
(3) .
,
.
, ,

.

.

(4) .
, , , ,

- 274 -

5-11

.

.
, , ,
, .


.
, ,
.
(5) .
, ,
, , .
, , ,
, , , .
, , , ,
, .
, , , ,
, ,
, , .
(6)
.

- 275 -

12
12.1
(1)
.

(2) .

(3) 500 < 12.1.1>

.
12.1.1

, ,

0.11

, , , ,

0.07

, , , , ,
, ,
, ,

<>
(, ) : , , , , , , , , ,
,
(, ) : , , , , , ,
(, ) : , , , , , , , ,
, , , ,
(, ) : , , , , , , , ,
, ,

- 276 -

5-12

12.2
(1)
,
.

(2) .

(3) .

(4) .

(5) , .

,
.
, ,
.
.

.

(6) .


.

,
.

.

- 277 -

.

.

12.3
(1)
.
.

(2) , ,
, ,
.

- 278 -

5-13 TBM

13 TBM
13.1 TBM
(1) TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine)
.
(2) TBM
, .
(3) TBM < 13.1.1>

(open TBM) .
(4) TBM open TBM .

13.2
13.2.1 TBM
(1) TBM ,
, , .
(2) TBM TBM , ,
.
(3) TBM TBM
.
(4) TBM TBM , , ,
,
.
TBM( 4.5m ), R = 250m ( : 50100m
)
TBM( 4.5m ), R = 350m ( : 50100m
)

- 279 -

<>

<>

<>

(boom-type)

(roadheader)
(digger)

Open TBM
TBE(Tunnel Boring
Enlarging machine)

(open-face)
TBM

(gripper) TBM
(segmental)
TBM
(double) TBM
( )

(closed-face)
TBM

TBM
(compressed-air)
TBM
(slurry) TBM
(Earth Pressure
Balance)/
TBM
TBM
()AFTES WG 17 ()

13.1.1

- 280 -

5-13 TBM

(5)
.
(6) TBM
.
(7) TBM , , .
(8) TBM 3
, TBM .
(9)
.
(10) 20 TBM
,
.
13.2.2 TBM
(1) TBM
.
(2) TBM , ,
, , , ,
, , .
(3) TBM TBM , TBM ,
, , ,
.
(4) , ,
,
.
(5) , TBM
.

13.2.3 TBM
(1) TBM

- 281 -

TBM
.
(2) TBM < 13.2.1> ,
.
(3) , , ,
, , , ,
.
(4) TBM
, .
(5)
,
(head jacket) TBM TBM
.
(6) open TBM
TBM

13.2.1 TBM

- 282 -

5-13 TBM

13.2.4
(1) TBM , TBM
, , ,
.
(2) , , , (cutter shop), ,
,
.
(3) .

13.2.5
(1) , , ,
.
(2)
.
(3) 4.5m 3km
.

13.2.6
(1) , , , , , ,

, .
(2) , , .
(3)
.

13.2.7
(1) TBM ,
TBM , , ,
.
(2) TBM

- 283 -

.
(3) TBM TBM

.

13.2.8 ,
(1) TBM

.
(2) 7
, , ,
.
(3) TBM

.
(4) 2 .

13.3
(1) TBM TBM ,
, TBM , , TBM
.
(2) TBM , , ,
, ,
, .
TBM
.
(3) , , ,
TBM .
(4) TBM 1

- 284 -

5-13 TBM

TBM
(swelling test) .
(5) 1
.

13.4 TBM
13.4.1
(1) TBM , , ,

.
(2)
.
(3) .

TBM
TBM

13.4.2 TBM
(1) TBM < 13.4.1> (botton cutter)

- 285 -

(disk cutter)
, .
3080MPa ,
100MPa .

, , .

13.4.1

(2) TBM < 13.4.2> ,

TBM
(TBE; Tunnel Boring Enlarging machine) ,
, ,
.
6m
.
8m TBM

.
(3) ,
TBM , ,
.

- 286 -

5-13 TBM

13.4.2

TBM

13.4.3 TBM
(1) TBM TBM
, TBM TBM ,
TBM .
TBM .
(B)

= TBM +

(L) = TBM +
(2) .
, , , , , ,
.

23
, .

13.4.4
(1) TBM
, .

- 287 -

(2) TBM
TBM 300mm .
(3) TBM ,
TBM
.
(4) TBM
.

13.4.5
(1) TBM
, 5 .
(2) TBM , TBM
,
.
(3) TBM .
(4) TBM
.
(5) TBM
,
.
(6) , , , , ,
.

13.4.6
(1) .
, ,
.
,
, , , ,
, .

- 288 -

5-13 TBM

,
, .
,
.

(2) .
TBM
.
,
,
.
.

, , .

(3) .
TBM
.
TBM TBM 100200m
.

8001,000m
.

(4) .

.
TBM ,
.

- 289 -

TBM
.
TBM
,

.
, TBM ,
.
.
TBM 400500m
.

(5) .
TBM

, .
,
.

(6) .

.
815
.

- 290 -

5-14 TBM

14 TBM
14.1 TBM
(1) TBM
.
(2) TBM TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) ,
TBM (shield)
TBM .
(3) TBM 13 13.1.1 ,
,
,
,
.

.
(4) TBM
.
TBM TBM
TBM , TBM
, TBM TBM,
TBM, TBM, TBM,
TBM .
TBM
TBM .
(5) TBM
< 14.1.1> , , , 3,
(skin plate)

- 291 -

TBM TBM
.
(spoke) ,
,

.
(cutter slit)
() ( ) ,
, .
< 14.1.2> ,
, .

14.1.1 TBM

14.1.2

- 292 -

5-14 TBM

14.2
14.2.1 TBM
(1) TBM , , ,
, , ,
.
(2) TBM , ,
TBM , , TBM .
(3) ,
TBM , .
(4) 2 , TBM

.
(5) TBM , ,
,

,

(underpinning) .
(6) TBM ,
.
(7) 3 ,
. 20
, TBM ,
.
(8) TBM 1.5 ,
, , , .
14.2.2 TBM
(1) TBM
.
(2) , ,
, , , , ,

- 293 -

, .
(3) , ,
,
100200mm , ,
TBM , , ,
.
(4)
.
(5) TBM
, .
(6) , TBM,
, .
14.2.3 TBM
(1) TBM TBM , ,
, , , ,
,

.
(2) TBM
.
(3)
,
.
14.2.4
(1) TBM , ,
, , ,
.
(2) , TBM
, ,

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5-14 TBM

.
(3) TBM TBM
, TBM
.
(4)

,
.
(5) TBM .
(6) TBM
, .
(7) TBM , , ,
, ,
, TBM
.
(8) TBM ,
.

14.2.5
(1) TBM
, , .
(2) ,
, , ,
.
(3) TBM , , ,
, , ,
, .
(4) 2 13
TBM 13.4.6 .

- 295 -

14.3
(1) TBM ,
,
, , ,
.
(2) , ,

. ,

.
(3) TBM ,

TBM
.
(4) 1
.

14.4 TBM
14.4.1
(1) 2
.
(2) , , ,
, , , , ,
, ()
.
(3) .

.

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5-14 TBM

.
.
(4) , , (+
) ,
, , .
(5) (KS)

.
(6) .
, , , .

, , ,
.
, , .
.
.
1

50 ,
, .

, .
.

, .
14.4.2 TBM
(1) TBM .
TBM

, , , , ,

- 297 -

.
TBM TBM
.
TBM , ,
, TBM
TBM TBM
.
(2) TBM .
TBM , ,

.
TBM (skin plate) , ,
(tail clearance) .
2040mm ,
, , (tail seal) .
TBM , , TBM ,
, , K- .
TBM ,
. ,
.
,
, , TBM
. , ,
TBM
.

.
,
.
, .

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5-14 TBM

(cutter bit) , ,
.
TBM ,
.

(3) .
TBM TBM .
TBM , ,
,
, , .
TBM
.
TBM
, , TBM .
TBM .

(4) .
(erector) TBM , , ,
.
, ,
.

(5) , , .
TBM
, .

.
,
.
.

- 299 -

, ,
.
, ,

.
(6) .
, TBM ,
TBM .
TBM TBM ,
.
, ,
.
TBM
.

14.4.3
(1)
.
, , ,
, ,
, , TBM,
.
(bleeding)
, ,

, ,
.

(2) .

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5-14 TBM

TBM
, , 1
TBM
.

100200KPa .
TBM , ,
, .

14.4.4
(1)
, .
(2) , , ,
.
(3) , , ,
, , , ,
.
(4) , , ,
.
14.4.5
(1) (2 ) (1 )
, , , ,

.
(2) ,
150mm .
(3)

.

- 301 -

15

15.1
(1)

.
(2)
, , , , ,

.
(3)

, , ,

.

15.2
(1)
.
(2)
.
(3)
.
(4) 15km
.

15.3
15.3.1
(1)
.
(2) 1m 100m

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5-15

.
(3)
.

15.3.2
(1)
.
(2) , ,
.
(3) .

15.3.3
(1)
700mm .

1.2m .
(2)
.
.
,
.
.
.
.

(3)

, .
,
.

- 303 -

.
.


.
(4)

.
.

15.3.4
(1) .
(2) .

15.3.5
(1) , ,

.
(2)
.
(3)


.
(4)


.

- 304 -

5-15

15.4
(1) ,


.
(2)
.

15.5
(1) .
(2)
.

- 305 -

16
16.1
(1) .
,
, ,
.

.
3m3// .
1kg
.


.



.

16.2
(1) .
,
.

,
70(Lux) .
10
(Lux) .

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5-16

16.3
(1) .
, , ,
.

,
.
, .
,
2
.

- 307 -