Bi 9: iu ch v gii iu ch QAM

I) Phn chun b
a) QAM l g ?
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): iu ch bin vung gc. L s
kt hp gia iu ch bin v pha.












iu ch QAM s dng symbol 2 chiu (two-dimensional signaling)
A
k
iu iu ch in-phase cos(2f
c
t)
B
k
iu ch quadrature phase cos(2f
c
t + /2) = sin(2f
c
t)
Truyn tng tn hiu inphase & quadrature







A
k

X
cos(2
f
c
t)
B
k

X
sin(2f
c
t)
+
Y(t)
Transmitted
Signal
Y
i
(t) = A
k
cos(2f
c
t)
Digital Analog
FSK
PSK ASK
QA
M



Gii iu ch QAM:



b) S khi tng quan iu ch v gii iu ch:










Y
q
(t) =
B

sin(

sin(

(t)

sin(

Q
A


Gii iu
ch QAM

cos(

(t)

2



I
II) Phn thc hnh
1) iu ch:
a) V s khi mch ang o

S mch thc:

2) Gii thch tn hiu ti cc im o
Ti im 5:
Tn hiu ti im 5 l tn hiu iu ch QAM. Sau khi 2 ln iu ch AM (DSB),
vic iu ch 2 tn hiu ny s dng sng mang vung pha vi nhau nn kt qu
sau khi cng tng hp chng ta c tn hiu QAM (quadrature amplitude
modulation).
iu ch AM
1
: AM
1
= m
1
(t)
*
A
c
sin(
0
)
iu ch AM
2
: AM
2
= m
2
(t)
*
A
c
sin(
0

) = m
2
(t)
*
A
c
cos(
0
)
Tn hiu ti im 5 l kt qu ca php cng tng hp 2 tn hiu AM
1 v
AM
2

QAM = AM
1
+ AM
2
= m
1
(t)
*
sin(
0
) + m
2
(t)
*
cos(
0
)
Vi m
1
(t)=A cos(

) v m
2
(t) = A

sin(

)
Suy ra:
QAM = Acos(

)
*
A
c
sin(
0
) + Asin(

)
*
A
c
cos(
0
)
=

AA
c
[ sin(

0
)t + sin(

0
)t] +

AA
c
[ sin(

0
)t + sin(

0
)t]
=

AA
c
sin(

0
)t +

AA
c
sin(

0
)t +

AA
c
sin(

0
)t +

AA
c

sin(

0
)t
y ta thy xut hin 4 tn s gc khc nhau => khi chuyn sang min ph
s tng ng vi 4 ph tn hiu ( do mi tn hiu AM (DSB) c 2 ph):



2) Gii iu ch:
a) V s khi mch ang o

S mch thc:

2) Gii thch tn hiu ti cc im o
Tc dng ca b dch pha:
B dch pha iu chnh pha ca tn hiu sng mang khi gii iu ch. Mun
gii iu ch bt c tn hiu m
1
(t) hay m
2
(t) ta phi c s iu chnh gc pha
ny cho ph hp. C th mun bt c m
1
(t) ta phi iu chnh lnh pha
bng 0
o
:


Mun bt c m
2
(t) ta phi iu chnh lnh pha bng 90
o

:

Tn s ct ca b lc:
Khi mun bt c m
1
(t) ta iu chnh tn s ct ca b lc cao hn tn s ca
m
1
(t) mt cht. Trong bi ny th m
1
(t) khong 7-8 kHz nn ta iu chnh tn
s ct ca b lc khong 9-10 kHz
Tng t nh th khi mun bt m
2
(t) ta cng phi iu chnh tn s ct ca b
lc tng ng vi m
2
(t). y m
2
(t) l 2Khz nn ta iu chnh tn s ct ca b
lc khong 3-4kHz l c.
Ti im 8:
Tn hiu ti im 8 l tn hiu gii iu ch
Ty theo s iu chnh gc pha b dch pha la cng pha hay vung pha m ta
c tn hiu gii iu ch l m
1
(t) hay m
2
(t):
Trng hp 1: iu chnh bt tn hiu ti im 1 hay m
1
(t):
iu chnh gc pha b di pha l 0
o

(Hnh 2), khi sng mang gii iu ch
l : m
c
(t)= A
c
sin(
0
). Khi biu thc gii iu ch:
QAM
*
m
c
(t)= [Acos(

)
*
A
c
sin(
0
) + Asin(

)
*
A
c
cos(
0
)]
*
A
c
sin(
0
).
= Acos(

)
*

sin
2
(
0
) + Asin(

)
*

cos(
0
) sin(
0
).
= Acos(

)
*
[1- cos
2
(2
0
)] + Asin(

)
*
[0+ sin(2
0
)]
Asin(

)
*
[0+ sin(2
0
)]c xp x bng khng nn khi gii iu ch
QAM ch cn thnh phn: Acos(

)
*
[1- cos
2
(2
0
)]
iu chnh tn s ct ca b lc mc cao khong 9-10 kHz:


Trng hp 2:
iu chnh bt tn hiu ti im 2:
iu chnh gc pha b di pha l 90
o

(Hnh 3), khi sng mang gii iu ch
l : m
c
(t)= A
c
cos(
0
). Khi biu thc gii iu ch:
QAM
*
m
c
(t)= [Acos(

)
*
A
c
sin(
0
) + Asin(

)
*
A
c
cos(
0
)]
*
A
c
cos(
0
).
= Acos(

)
*

cos(
0
) sin(
0
)+ Asin(

)
*

cos
2
(
0
)
= Acos(

)
*
[0+ sin(2
0
)]+ Asin(

)
*
[1- cos
2
(2
0
)]
Asin(

)
*
[0+ sin(2
0
)]c xp x bng khng nn khi gii iu ch
QAM ch cn thnh phn: Asin(

)
*
[1- cos
2
(2
0
)]
iu chnh tn s ct ca b lc mc cao khong 3-4 kHz: