Bi 10: NIT

Cu hi bi hc
2.1. a. n cht nit tn ti trong t nhin di dng phn t c cng thc l g? ..................
M t loi lin kt, obitan tham gia lin kt trong phn t nit n cht.
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b. Da vo loi lin kt trong phn t nit, gii thch v sao nit vi m in (3,04) ln hn photpho
(2,19) tuy nhin iu kin nhit thng photpho hot ng ha hc mnh lit hn nit.
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c. Ly v d cc cht c nguyn t nit vi cc s oxi ha -3, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5:
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2.2. a. Nit th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi loi cht no? .................................................
Ly 4 phn ng minh ha cho tnh oxi ha ca nguyn t nit:
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b. c im chung v s bin i s oxi ha ca nit trong cc phn ng vit l:
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c. Nit th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi loi cht no?

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2.3. a. Trong t nhin nit tn ti u v dng tn ti ca n l g?

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b. Nu cch iu ch nit trong cng nghip v trong PTN.
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c. Phn tch u nhc im ca cch iu ch nit trong PTN v trong cng nghip theo cc tiu ch sau:
Phng php PTN

Phng php cng nghip

- Lng sn phm thu c.

- Mc tinh khit ca sn
phm.
- Gi thnh dng c v nguyn
liu.
e. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng iu ch kh nit trong PTN. Trong thc t ngi ta s dng
phng php thay th l g, v sao ngi ta s dng hn hp thay th ?
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BT luyn tp
BT trc nghim
Cu 1: Kh nit tng i tr nhit thng, l do
A. nit c bn knh nguyn t nh.
B. nguyn t nit c m in ln nht trong nhm nit.
C. trong phn t nit, mi nguyn t cn mt cp electron cha tham gia lin kt.
D. trong phn t nit c lin kt ba rt bn.
Cu 2: Nit c nhng c im v tnh cht nh sau:
(a) Nguyn t nit c 5 electron c lp ngoi cng nn ch c kh nng to hp cht cng ha tr trong
nit c s oxi ha +5 v -3.
(b) Khi nit tng i tr nhit thng.
(c) Nit l phi kim tng i hot ng nhit cao.
(d) Nit th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi kim loi mnh v hiro.
(e) Nit th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi nguyn t c m in ln hn.
Nhm no sau y ch gm cc cu ng?
A. a, d, e.

B. a, c, d.

C. a, b, c.

D. b, c, d, e.

Cu 3: Nit phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y to ra hp cht kh?

A. Li, Al, Mg;

C. Li, H2, Al;

B. H2, O2;

D. O2, Ca, Mg.

Cu 4: Mt oxit nit c cng thc NOx trong N chim 30,43% v khi lng. Oxit nit l:
A. NO

B. NO2

C. N2O2

D. N2O5

Cu 5: Th tch kh nit (ktc) thu c khi nhit phn 10 gam NH4NO2 l

A. 11,20 lt.

B. 5,60 lt.

C. 3,50 lt.

D. 2,80 lt.

C. Li.

D. F2.

Cu 6: iu kin thng, nit phn ng c vi:

A. Mg.

B. K.

Cu 7: Trong phn ng no sau y, nit th hin tnh kh?

A. N2 + 3H2 2NH3.

C. N2 + O2

B. N2 + 6Li 2Li3N.

D. N2 + 3Mg Mg3N2.

2NO.

Cu 8: Trong cng nghip, phn ln lng nit sn xut ra c dng

A. lm mi trng tr trong luyn kim, in t...
B. tng hp phn m.
C. sn xut axit nitric.
D. tng hp amoniac.
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BT t lun
Bi 1: C 4 l khng dn nhn ng ring bit tng kh sau: O2, N2, H2S v Cl2.
Hy phn bit mi l ng kh trn bng phng php ha hc v vit cc phng trnh ha hc (nu c).
Bi 2: Trn 200 ml dung dch natri nitrit 3M vi 200 ml dung dch amoniclorua 2M ri un nng cho n
khi phn ng thc hin xong. Xc nh th tch kh sinh ra (kc) v nng mol ca cc mui trong dung
dch sau phn ng.
Bi 3: Ngi ta thc hin th nghim sau: Nn hn hp gm 4 lt kh nit v 14 lt kh hiro trong bnh phn
ng nhit khong trn 4000C, c cht xc tc. Sau phn ng thu c 16,4 lt hn hp kh ( cng iu
kin nhit v p sut).
a) Tnh th tch kh amoniac thu c.
b) Xc nh hiu sut ca phn ng.
Bi 4: Cho hn hp ng th tch N2 v H2 c cho qua bt st nung nng th c 60% H2 tham gia phn
ng. Hy xc nh thnh phn % theo th tch cc kh trong hn hp to thnh.
Bi 5: Cn ly bao nhiu lt N2 v H2 (kc) iu ch c 51g NH3. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 25%.
Bi 6: Mt hn hp N2 v H2 c t khi i vi H2 l 4,9. Cho hn hp i qua cht xc tc nung nng, ngi
ta c mt hn hp mi c t khi i vi H2 = 6,125. Tnh hiu sut N2 chuyn thnh NH3.
Bi 7: Hn hp A gm N2 v H2 vi t l mol 1:3. To phn ng gia N2 v H2 cho ra NH3 vi hiu sut H%
thu c hn hp kh B. T khi ca A so vi B l 0,6. Tnh gi tr ca H.
Bi 8: Trong cng nghip, ngi ta sn xut amoniac bng cch cho Hiro tc dng vi Nit nhit 4005000C. Cn iu ch 33,6 lt amoniac phi dng bao nhiu lit Hiro v bao nhiu lit Nit?
Bit cc kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut v hiu sut phn ng l 25%.
Nu hiu sut tng ln 1,5 ln hoc gp i th cn bao nhiu lt kh H2 v bao nhiu lt N2 ?