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Consolidation Test 023
Consolidation Test 023
ENGINEERING
DEPT.OF GEOTECHNICAL AND
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
REPORT
SUBJECT CODE
TEST CODE & TITLE
COURSE CODE
TESTING DATE
STUDENT NAME
GROUP
1.
2.
GROUP MEMBER NAMES
3.
4.
5.
EXAMINER COMMENT
ATTENDANCE/ DISCIPLINE
& INVOLVEMENT
/15%
DATA ANALYSIS
/20%
RESULT
/20%
DISCUSSION
/25%
CONCLUSION
/20%
TOTAL
/100%
RECEIVED STAMP
I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. I also admit not
to receive or give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge
that everything mentioned in the report is true.
_________________
Student Signature
Name
Matric No. :
Date
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVE
TO DETERMINE THE CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS OF LOW
PERMEABILITY
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, students are able to:
Conduct one dimensional consolidation test
Identify the factors causes soil consolidation
Determine the consolidation parameters (cv, mv, Cc and Pc)
1/8
5/12/07
5/12/07
3.0 THEORY
When a fully saturated soil is subjected to a compressive stress, its volume tends to decrease. The
decreasing of its volume is due to compression of the solid grains and escape of water from the voids.
In a free drainage soil such as saturated sand the escape of water can take place rapidly. But in clay,
due to low permeability, the movement of water occurs very much slowly and therefore, considerable
time may be required for excess water to be squeezed out to permeable boundaries.
Settlement is the direct result of the decrease in soil volume and consolidation is the rate of volume
decrease with time. The consolidation test is use to estimate the amount of settlement and time of
consolidation. From this test some consolidation parameters such as coefficient of consolidation (c v),
coefficient of volume compressibility (mv), compression index (Cc), preconsolidation pressure (Pc) can
be determined.
There are two methods for determining the coefficient of consolidation:
(i)
Casagrande or log (time) or 50% consolidation
(ii)
Taylor or time or 90% consolidation
The coefficient of consolidation can be determined by this equation,
cv
Tv H 2
t
(3.1)
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EDITION:
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REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
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5/12/07
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
3/8
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
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AMENDMENT
DATE:
5/12/07
Measure the internal diameter (D) and the height of the ring, using internal vernier
calipers.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Place the consolidation ring and specimen (cutting edge uppermost) centrally on the
porous disc.
Fit the ring retainer and cell body and then place the upper porous disc centrally on top
of the specimen.
Place the consolidation cell centrally in position on the platform of the machine base.
Lift the end of the beam to allow the loading yoke to be raised to the vertical position
and adjust the loading stem by screwing it downwards until the end engages closely in the
recess on the top of the loading cap
Attach the compression dial gauge to the arm on the support post.
Add weight (2.5 kg) carefully to the load hanger
Add water at room temperature to the cell and make sure that the specimen and upper
porous disc are completely submerged.
Wind down the beam support and at the same time start the clock.
Observe the compression gauge readings and the clock, and record the readings on a
consolidation test form at the selected time intervals.
Plot the readings of the compression against time to a logarithmic scale and against
square-root-time.
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EDITION:
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REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
5/12/07
5/12/07
Sample No.: A1 - 1
Cell No: 4
BEFORE TEST
Moisture content from trimming: 22.9
Weight of ring : 439.35
Weight of sample + ring: 260.43
Weight of sample : 178.92
Weight of dry sample: 145.35
Weight of initial moisture: 33.57
Initial moisture content: 23.1
(%)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(%)
(mm)
(mm2)
(mm)
(mm3)
(Mg/m 3)
(Mg/m3)
Gs
1 = 0.622
d
SETTLEMENT READINGS
Elapse time
hr
min
sec
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
2
4
8
15
30
1
2
4
8
24
Time
(min)
0
0.17
0.33
0.50
0.67
0.83
1
2
4
8
15
30
60
120
240
480
1440
time
0
0.41
0.57
0.71
0.82
0.91
1.00
1.41
2.00
2.83
3.87
5.48
Clock
time
Gauge
reading
8.00 am
0
21
23
25
29
35
41
49
58
66
75
86
95
107
115
124
126
8.01 am
8.02 am
8.04 am
8.08 am
8.15 am
8.30 am
9.00 am
10.00am
12.00 pm
4.00 pm
8.00 am
Cumulative
compression, H
(mm)
0
21 x 0.002 = 0.04
23 x 0.002 = 0.05
25 x 0.002 = 0.05
29 x 0.002 = 0.06
35 x 0.002 = 0.07
41 x 0.002 = 0.08
49 x 0.002 = 0.10
58 x 0.002 = 0.12
66 x 0.002 = 0.13
75 x 0.002 = 0.15
86 x 0.002 = 0.17
95 x 0.002 = 0.19
107 x 0.002 = 0.21
115 x 0.002 = 0.23
124 x 0.002 = 0.25
126 x 0.002 = 0.25
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EDITION:
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EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
5/8
5/12/07
5/12/07
7.0 RESULTS
CONSOLIDATION TEST CALCULATION SHEET
Date started:_________________
Soil Type: __________________
BEFORE TEST
Moisture content from trimming: _______(%)
Weight of ring : ___________________ (g)
Weight of sample + ring: ____________ (g)
Weight of sample : _______________ (g)
Weight of dry sample: _______________(g)
Weight of initial moisture: ____________(g)
Initial moisture content: ______________(%)
Initial void ratio,
Gs
1 = ____________
d
SETTLEMENT READINGS
hr
Elapse time
min
sec
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
2
4
8
15
30
1
2
4
8
24
Time
(min)
time
Clock
time
Gauge
reading
Cumulative
compression
, H (mm)
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EDITION:
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EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
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10.0 CONCLUSIONS
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
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REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
5/12/07
5/12/07
PAGE NO.:
EDITION:
REVIEW NO.:
EFFECTIVE
DATE:
AMENDMENT
DATE:
25
0.85
50
0.82
100
0.71
200
0.57
400
0.43
800
0.3
200
0.4
50
0.5
(i) Plot the graph of void ratio against effective stress on semi-log graph and determine the
compression index (Cc), Preconsolidation pressure (Pc) and coefficient of volume
compressibility (mv).
(ii) Define whether the soil is normally consolidated or over consolidated.
QUESTIONS 2
1. From the experimental data , determine the coefficient of consolidation, c v (m2/year) using
Taylor Method. Please comment your answer.
2. Clay samples collected from 10 metres deep in Parit Raja has a unit weight () of 20 kN/m3.
The following data were recorded during an oedometer test.
Effective Stress (kN/m2)
Void ratio (e)
50
0.95
100
0.92
200
0.81
400
0.67
800
0.53
1600
0.4
400
0.5
100
0.6
(i) Plot the graph of void ratio against effective stress on semi-log graph and determine the
compression index (Cc), Preconsolidation pressure (Pc) and coefficient of volume
compressibility (mv).
(ii) Define whether the soil is normally consolidated or over consolidated.