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a person who favored territorial growth
Manifest Destiny - belief that God
wanted the U.S. to own all of North America


Independence of Mexico (1821)
had a weak government and economy after
breaking with Spain; expansionists wanted
New Mexico, Texas, & California



God some moved to found Indian missions
(an establishment to carry on religious work);
Marcus & Narcissa Whitman - Oregon Country



Resources horses, furs, silver, mules, gold



Adventure



Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
bound the Indians to the territories away
from major westward trails; mostly ignored



Isolation Brigham Young led the Mormons
west to Utah in 1847 to escape the
hostilities the group had faced in Illinois



Overland Trails established by merchants
and Mountain Men, these were used by pioneers
to travel West; example: Oregon Trail began in
Missouri, crossed Rockies and ended at Pacific



New Farms many chose to travel West to
gain bigger and better farms in Oregon or
California than they had owned



http://education-
portal.com/academy/lesson/the-
mexican-american-war-treaty-of-
guadalupe-hidalgo-the-wilmot-
proviso.html#lesson

Using Texas Wins Independence
pgs. 304 answer questions #4-6.
Read Texas Wins Independence pgs. 305 - 307

Complete the following parts of your timeline:
1821 Stephen Austin begins leading settlers into
Texas (Describe the tensions)
1834 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna seizes power
in Mexico (What were his actions? How did
Americans respond?)
1836 (Mar.) The Alamo (What happened? How
did Americans react?)
1836 (Apr.) Sam Houston & Battle of San Jacinto
(What happened? Who won? What was Santa
Anna forced to do?)
Texas declared
independence from
Mexico
1836-1846
1
st
President: Sam Houston

Read Americans Debate Expansion pgs 307 - 308
Complete the following parts of your timeline:
1836(-1845) Debate rages in Congress
1844 Presidential Election

Read The Mexican-American War (stop at U.S.
Forces Sweep to Victory) page 308
Complete the following parts of your timeline:
1845 (Dec.) Congress votes to annex Texas
1846 (May) President Polk provokes the war?
United States won every major battle

Navy, led by explorer John C. Fremont
seized control of California

Winfield Scott captured Mexico City

American victory after only 1 years
Using the orange book on your
desk, turn to page 72-73.
Read and answer the questions at
the bottom of page 72.
On page 73- complete at least 3
boxes on your paper on the steps
that led to the Mexican-American
War.
U.S. Advantages:
larger nation
wealthier
more populous
industry arms & ammunition
larger & better navy and army
Skilled officers
Zachary Taylor, Winfield Scott, Robert E. Lee,
Ulysses S. Grant, and William T. Sherman

Feb. 1848
Terms:
Americans leave
Mexico City & pay $15
million
Mexico gave up New
Mexico & California
Rio Grade was set at
the southern boundary
of Texas
1853

U.S. bought
land from
Mexico in
southern
Arizona &
New Mexico
proposed in 1846 by David Wilmot

law that would ban slavery in any lands
won from Mexico

broke party unity & split Congress based on
sectional lines
supported by northern Democrats & Whigs
opposed by southern Democrats & Whigs

Proviso repeatedly failed in Congress
1848 gold found east of
Sacramento, CA

80,000 people (known as
forty-niners) moved to
CA by land trails or by
ship

California applied for
statehood in 1849 as a
free state - threatened to
break the free (15) /
slave (15) state balance

The Impending Crisis
Events Leading Toward Civil War
North & South
Read Slavery Divides the Nation (page 324-325)
As you read, create a chart in your notes describing
the differences between the North and South
(include economic differences & views on slavery).




What critical question did Americans face as the
nation expanded?
North South








Aftermath of Mexican War
Opinions of wars aftermath
Wilmot Proviso (Aug 1846) Northern view -
annex Texas as slave state but no extension of
slavery into any territory that may be gained from
Mexico

Southern View (Calhoun): slaves property;
property rights protected by 5
th
Amendment;
Southerners could move anywhere & take slaves
Other Positions on Slaverys Future
James K. Polk: extend Missouri Compromise line

popular sovereignty let people in territory
decide status of slavery (compromise)
Election of 1848
Zachary Taylor (Whig) popular sovereignty (but a
southern & a slave owner)

Lewis Cass (Democrat) popular sovereignty

Martin Van Buren (Free Soil) - N. Democrats, anti-
slavery Whigs) endorsed Wilmot Proviso
opposed extension of slavery
free soil, free speech, free labor, & free men

Impact of Free Soil Party
Won 10 % of the vote &
split Democrat & Whig
vote in some areas

So..Taylor won
election (war hero)

Significance: slavery
became a political issue
in a national election
Check Point
1. Why did Southerners oppose the Wilmot
Proviso?

2. What was the platform of the Free Soil Party
regarding the extension of slavery?

3. How did the presence of the Free Soil Party
impact the Presidential election results in 1848?
Gold Rush (1848)
Greatest mass migration in
Amer. History

California applied for
Statehood in 1849 wanted
admission as a free state

Taylors opinion: protect
slavery where exists, but
make CA & NM free states
Compromise of 1850
CA petition touched off great debate in Senate

Key players: Clay, Calhoun, Webster

Henry Clay John C. Calhoun
Daniel Webster
Think About It:
N & S Reactions
Look at the list of 5 items that made up the
Compromise of 1850

Write N next to items that would have pleased
the North

Write S next to items that would have pleased
the South
Compromise of 1850
1. California admitted as free state
2. Popular Sovereignty in NM and Utah
3. Texas given $ 10 million for loss of property to NM
4. Slave trade in D.C. ended (slavery remains)
5. Congress would pass a tougher fugitive slave law
Check Point
1. What developments led to the necessity of
compromise in 1850?

2. Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?

3. Which parts of the Compromise pleased the
South? Which parts pleased the North?
Uncle Toms Cabin
1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Story: Uncle Tom (main
character) is sold to cruel
owner Simon Legree

300,000 copies sold in first
year

Significance: first time many
thought of slaves as people
Reactions to Uncle Toms Cabin
- In North:
spread compassion for enslaved people
convinced Northerners slavery would ruin nation; won
many over to anti-slavery cause

- In South
enraged Southerners
wrote numerous novels in reply w/ their own versions
of slavery; felt threatened & became defensive

Check Point
1. Who wrote Uncle Toms Cabin?

2. Who is the evil slave owner in the book?

3. How did Southerners react to the book?