1. ..

:
A. (sufficient condition):
1. :
p q p q
p q
p q p qq
p p q p q
p q p
q
2. :~~
~~
3.

4. :p q ( p qp q)
5. p q (if p then q)
(1.)
p only if q ( q pp q)
(2.)
q if p (q p)
(3.)
q provided p (q p p q)
(4.)
q on the condition that p(q p
)
(5.)
p is a sufficient condition for q (p q
)
(6.)
q is a necessary condition for p (q p
)
(7.)
p only on the condition that q(p q
)

(1) If intel raises prices,then so does Compaq.(IC)

(2) Compaq raises prices if intel does.(IC)
(3) Intel raises prices only if Compaq does.(IC)
(4) Delta lowers fares provided that United does.(UD)
(5) Delta lowers fares on condition that United does.
(UD)
6.p q
(coverse statement) : qp
(1.)
(inverse statement) : ~p~q
(2.)
(
(3.)
1

contrapositive statement): ~q~p

7.p q = ~q ~p = ~p v q
<> P: 2+2=4 (T)
Q: (T)
2+2=4=
2+24=2+24
B. :(necessary condition)
1.:
p q p
q p q
p q p q
p q p q
p q q p
2.: ~~
3.: (
)
4.:q p
q only if p (q p
p q)
5. q p=~p~q
= pq~q~p~q
C.()(sufficient and necessary
condition):
1.
p q p
q p q
p q p qp q
p q p q
q p p q

2. : ~~(
~~)
3. :
4. :pq (pq ) (qp)
(1.)
If and only if p then q
(2.)

p iff q (iffif and only if )

(3.)
p if and only if q = if p then q,and
if q then p
2

(4.)

p if q , and p only if q(p if qif q

then p qp
p only if qif p then q pq)
<> p () q
p q
p just in case q
p just in the event that q
p just when q
D
1 p q
p q .
(pq)
2. q p
(pq) q p
3. p q
pq q p

1. pqif p then q pq~p(q~q)

p q p
q q
2.pq (p only if q) q(p~p) (~q~p)
( q p
q p

EX1:
a. G F
b. ~F
3

EX2:

a.~T
F
T
F
T

T
T
F
F

T
F
T
T

F
T
T
T

~W
F
F
T
T

T
F
T
F

F
T
F
T
b.~W
F
F
T
T

F
F
F
T

~T
F
T
F
T

:
a b
b a

:
a b
b a

.(logically equivalent):

A.

B.

EX:
P Q
~P Q
T
T
T
F
T
F
T
T
T
T
T
T
C.

...:
A. :

B.

C.

:
1.
2.

3. ;

4. :

~p4~

(1)
(P Q)
P
Q
(2)
PQ
P

(3)

P Q
~P Q

(4)

PQ
P
Q

~P
~Q

(5)

~~P
P

(6)

~(P Q)
~P

~Q

(7)

~( P Q)
~P
~Q

(8)

~( P Q)
P
~Q

(9)

~( P Q)
P Q
~Q ~P