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CM NANG BO HIM TRONG KINH DOANH

(*) Hng dn s dng Cm nang:
- Lu th nht, Cm nang ny ch dnh cho nhng ngi mi t nhng vin
gch u tin cho mn Bo him trong kinh doanh.
L do l v tc gi Cm nang ny cng mi ch bt u hc t 2 3 ngy trc.
i vi nhng Master mn ny, c th Cm nang s khng c tc dng thm ch cn c
kh nng gy phn ng ph :v.
- Lu th 2, tt c kin thc trong Cm nang ny u c ht trong sch v ti
liu tham kho, nhng c mnh tm lc v h thng li , v vy, cng khng dm
chc l n thc s hiu qu vi tt c mi ngi. Thi th trong hon cnh nc si la
bng th ny, hi vng Cm nang c th gip cc bn cm thy hoang mang hn.
- Lu th 3, nhng phn kin thc c du (*) l phn kin thc quan trng v
yu cu phi nh.
(*) Ni dung Cm nang:
Mt cu hi m chc cc bn ang t ra khi bt u n tp l Chng ta nn bt
u t u trong 1 m kin thc hn n ny??? (no l cc iu kin bo him loi A, B,
C, FPA, WA, AR, TLO, FOD ri n cc quy tc ca hi WOE, P&I, bla bla).
Mt li khuyn l cc bn ng qu bn tm n lng kin thc lm g (v tt
nhin ai cng bit mn ny l 1 mn rt kh, nm chc kin thc l iu khng h n
gin). iu chng ta nn lm l xem xt, sp xp kin thc theo 1 h thng, khi nhc
n 1 vn bt k, chng ta bit n ang ni v phn no.

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Cng phi ni thm rng Bo him l mt mn hc kh th v v thit thc (nhng
c l do tm l st ngy thi nn c th cc bn cha n s th v ), nhng khi hc
mn ny nu khng cn thn th s rt d b tu ha nhp ma.
Quay tr v vi chuyn n thi :>, vi mn Bo him trong kinh doanh, chng ta
cn dnh 50% cho phn Bo him hng hi (v y l phn quan trng nht) v 50% cho
nhng phn cn li.
Trong phm vi cm nang ny, t s cp tt c nhng g chng ta c hc trn
lp, nhng s ch trng hn vo phn chng II Bo him hng hi.
Sau y l nhng kin thc cn bn m chng ta cn nm vng:

I. TNG QUAN V BO HIM
1. nh ngha v bn cht
Bo him ngha l nhn gip lc gp nguy him (ri ro). V vy, gia bo
him v ri ro c mi quan h cht ch vi nhau.
(*) Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra 1 cch bt ng, ngu nhin v
c kh nng gy ra tn tht v ngi, ti sn, trch nhim.
Tuy l hin tng xy ra 1 cch ngu nhin nhng chng ta hon ton c th c
nhng bin php i ph vi chng.
(*) 4 bin php chnh i ph vi ri ro:
Trnh ri ro. VD: s tai nn th nh.
y khng phi l bin php hay v s gy tm l lo s v nu c lo s mi th
chng ta s chng lm c vic g.
Ngn nga ri ro. VD: i m bo him gim nh thng tch khi gp tai nn.
y cng l bin php hay nhng li khng ngn nga c ht mi ri ro.

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T khc phc ri ro. VD: d tr tin phng lc ri ro th dng.
y cng khng phi bin php hiu qu v khng phi ai cng c tin d tr v
c th gy ng vn.
Chuyn nhng ri ro. y chnh l bin php i ph ri ro m chng ta s
hc: bo him.
y l bin php hiu qu nht i ph vi ri ro v khng gy ng vn,
phm vi b p rng, b p c cho nhng ri ro mang tnh thm ha.
(*) Bo him l 1 bin php i ph vi ri ro.
Vy tm li, chng ta cn nh g v bo him????
- Tng quan v bo him, chng ta cn hc thuc nh ngha v cc khi nim lin
quan ca n (trang 8 9 Sch GT).
- V bn cht ca Bo him, c 14 ch vng cn nh: phn chia ri ro, chia
nh tn tht, ly s ng b s t, th hin tnh tng tr ln nhau.
2. Cc nguyn tc v phn loi Bo him
2.1. Nguyn tc ca Bo him
(*) Cc bn cn hiu v nh 5 nguyn tc chnh:
Nguyn tc ch bo him ri ro ch khng bo him 1 s chc chn.
Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i:
2 bn phi thc s tin tng ln nhau, khng la di nhau. Nu 1 bn vi phm
hp ng th hp ng s khng c hiu lc.
Nguyn tc li ch bo him:
y l 1 trong nhng nguyn tc quan trng nht. cp v nguyn tc ny th
cc bn cn nh 2 iu kin sau:
- Mun k hp ng bo him th phi c li ch bo him ( li ch v quyn li
lin quan n i tng bo him).

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- Khi xy ra ri ro, mun c bi thng th phi c li ch bo him t i
tng bo him ti thi im (VD: 1 anh k hp ng bo him cho ngi nh
t thng 2, n thng 7 th bn li cho ngi khc. T8 nu xy ra ri ro vi ngi
nh th anh ta khng c quyn i bi thng v anh ta khng cn li ch bo
him t ngi nh).
(*) Trng hp c bit, khi mua hng theo iu kin CIF, t sau thi im hng
c xp ln tu ti cng i, quyn s hu hng ha c chuyn sang cho
ngi mua (ng ngha vi vic ngi mua c li ch bo him t l hng), v vy
nu ri ro xy ra th ngi mua c quyn i bi thng mc d anh ta khng
k hp ng bo him.
Nguyn tc bi thng: bi thng bng ng gi tr thc ca i tng bo
him ti thi im xy ra tn tht.
Nguyn tc th quyn:
Sau khi bi thng cho ngi c bo him, ngi bo him c quyn thay
mt ngi c bo him i bi thng t ngi th 3 c trch nhim.
2.2. Phn loi bo him
(*) 4 tiu ch phn loi:
Theo c ch bo him: Bo him X hi v Bo him Thng mi
Theo tnh cht bo him: BH Nhn th v Phi nhn th
Theo quy nh: BH bt buc v BH T nguyn
Theo i tng bo him: BH ti sn, BH con ngi v BH trch nhim
Kt lun:
Trn y l nhng kin thc tng quan v bo him. Chng ta cn hiu v nh
nhng ni dung chnh d dng hn cho vic nghin cu cc phn sau.


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II. BO HIM HNG HI
Lu : y l chng quan trng nht trong mn hc nn mt yu cu bt buc
l nm vng ton b kin thc cn bn.
V nhng vn lin quan n bo him hng hi rt phc tp nn chng ta nn
hc theo h thng gm 3 nghip v bo him:
BH hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin (2)
BH thn tu (3)
BH trch nhim dn s (4)
Ngoi ra cn nh nh ngha BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH (1).

(1) BHHH, cc loi ri ro v tn tht trong BHHH
(*) (1.1) nh ngha
BHHH l bo him nhng ri ro lin quan n hnh trnh ng bin (c th trn
b, trn sng hoc trn bin, min l c lin quan n hnh trnh), gy tn tht cho cc
i tng bo him chuyn ch trn bin.

(*) (1.2) Ri ro trong BHHH
Phn chia theo nghip v th ri ro BHHH bao gm 3 loi: Ri ro thng thng
c bo him, ri ro phi bo him ring v ri ro loi tr.
ng nhin l nu nh c ton b nhng ri ro ny l iu v cng ng qu
:-j, nhng vi nhng ai khng c kin nhn hc th cn nh nhng iu sau:


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1.2.1 Ri ro thng thng c bo him:
Ri ro thng thng c n hn 20 ri ro nhng chia thnh 4 ri ro chnh, cn
li l ri ro ph nn cc bn ch cn nm chc 4 ri ro chnh v c qua v ri ro ph
(n lc thy c bt k th cn c ci m ni). 4 ri ro chnh bao gm:
- MC CN: L hin tng y tu st y bin hoc chm chng ngi vt lm
tu khng th tip tc hnh trnh v phi c tr gip t bn ngoi.
Nu v tu ch chm y v sau li tip tc hnh trnh nh bnh thng th ko
c coi l mc cn (trng hp thy triu).
- M: L trng hp tu b chm hn xung nc v khng th tip tc hnh
trnh (ch , chm # m- trng hp tu chm nhng do ch hng nha nn sau li
ni ln th khng c coi l m)
- CHY, N: L trng hp xy ra phn ng ha hc c ta nhit v pht ra nh
sng. Nhng chy phi n mc lm hnh trnh tu b gin on th mi c coi l ri
ro c bo him (ch ch chy lm hng 1 ni hi nhng tu vn tip tc hnh trnh
c th khng c tnh l ri ro c bo him).
Bn bo him chp nhn bi thng ri ro chy, n do nguyn nhn khch quan
(st nh, s sut ca con ngi gy ra) d la to hay nh. ng thi, bn bo him vn
phi chu trch nhim bi thng trong trng hp chy do hon cnh chnh ng (c
t chy khi b bt, hoc tiu hy trnh dch bnh). Trng hp hng t bc chy
th s khng c bo him, tuy nhin hng b chy lan sang li c bn bo him bi
thng.
- M VA: l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc va chm vi vt th
chuyn ng hay c nh khc (tr nc). Trng hp m va vo bng vn thuc phm
vi bo him ca bn bo him. Tuy nhin c 1 iu lu l ti 1 s hp ng bo him
ch quy nh ri ro m va l vic m hoc va vo tu khc. Ri ro tu m va tu l vn

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kh phc tp. V d: tu m va vo m neo ca tu hay b phn khc ca tu th cng
c tnh l ri ro m va tu vi tu.
Ngoi 4 ri ro chnh cn nm vng trn, chng ta cn k thm v 1 s ri ro ph
cng kh quan trng trong phn ri ro thng thng c bo him:
- MT TCH: l vic khng nhn c bt c tin tc g ca tu trong khong thi
gian hp l ( Php, khong thi gian ny l 6 thng i vi hnh trnh thng thng
v 12 thng cho hnh trnh xa. VN, khong thi gian = 3 ln hnh trnh nhng phi
>=3 thng)
- Nm hng xung bin, trm cp, giao thiu hng, rch, v, cong vnh, hp hi,
cp bin, mc cu,

1.2.2. Ri ro phi c bo him ring (2):
- Chin tranh:
+ Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng khi ngha, phn lon hoc qun
chng ni dy khi xy ra nhng bin c ny hoc do bt k hnh ng th
ch no khc ca mt th lc tham chin hay chng li th lc .
+ Vic chim, bt gi, cm gi ti sn hoc kim ch (tr khi do cp bin
v trong trng hp ang p dng iu kin "A") v hu qu hay bt k
mu toan no pht sinh t nhng s vic ny.
+ Mn, thu li, bom hay nhng v kh chin tranh khc ang tri dt.
- nh cng:
+ Do nhng ngi nh cng hay cng nhn b cm xng gy ra hoc do
nhng ngi tham gia cc v gy ri trong lao ng, lm no lon hoc bo
ng gy ra.

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+ Pht sinh t nhng cuc nh cng, cm xng nhng v gy ri trong
lao ng, phn lon hoc bo ng.
+ Do bt k k khng b no hoc do bt k ngi no ang hnh ng v
mt l do chnh tr no gy ra.

1.2.3. Ri ro loi tr (9):
Bun lu
Ph bao vy
n t, ni t
Li ca ngi bo him
Mt gi, st gi
Ch tu mt kh nng ti chnh
Tu i chch hng
Hao ht t nhin
Tu khng kh nng i bin (khng trang b y cc vt phm v
trang thit b cn thit cho chuyn i)


(*) (1.3) Tn tht trong BHHH
1.3.1. Cn c vo mc tn tht
- Tn tht b phn: b h hng 1 phn (v s lng, trng lng,)
- Tn tht ton b (thc t - h hng, mt mt 100% gi tr hoc c tnh cha
h hng ton b, c th trnh khi nhng phi b ra chi ph ln hn c gi tr)


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1.3.2. Cn c theo tnh cht c lin quan
- Tn tht ring
- Tn tht chung
im khc nhau Tn tht chung Tn tht ring
- Tnh cht tn tht - Hi sinh - Ngu nhin
- Nguyn nhn - Hnh ng c - Thin tai, tai nn, bt ng
- Hu qu - V an ton chung cho cc
quyn li trn tu
- Tn tht quyn li bn no
bn chu

Tn tht chung bao gm hy sinh tn tht chung v chi ph tn tht chung.
KT LUN: Tm li, phn tng quan v BHHH chng ta cn nh:
BHHH l g?
Ri ro trong BHHH? hc k 4 ri ro chnh, c qua cc ri ro ph, ri
ro bo him ring, v ri ro loi tr).
Tn tht trong BHHH? tp trung vo phn tn tht chung v tn tht
ring.

Sau y chng ta s xt ti 3 nghip v bo him hng hi (y l 3 phn ct li)
(2) BH Hng ha xut nhp khu vn chuyn bng ng bin
- i tng bo him: Hng ha c quy nh trong hp ng
- Quyn li c BH:
+ Bn thn hng ha
+ Li c tnh (thng = 10% gi tr bo him)

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+ tr gi tng thm
+ Thu NK

(*) Gi tr bo him v s tin bo him
S tin bo him (A) l gii hn trch nhim m nh bo him phi tr khi
hng b tn tht v l s tin m ngi tham gia bo him mun bo him
Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca i tng bo him, l gi tr thc ca hng
ha em i bo him (V).
C th A = V nhng cng c khi khc nhau ty theo mun ca ngi
bo him. Lut php khng cho php A > V, v vy trong trng hp A>=V m
hng b tn tht th bn bo him s tr theo V ch khng tr theo A. Nu A < V
th s bi thng theo A.
Tm li l ch cn nh gia A v V lun chn ci nh hn
(*) Thi hn bo him
- Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc t khi i tng bo him ri kho, ni
cha hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi:
+ Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp
ng bo him
+ Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi
c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha
- Thi gian: Sau 60 ngy k t ngy ton b hng ha c d khi tu hoc ti
cng d cui cng, ty trng hp no xy ra trc


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(*) Cc iu kin bo him:
V cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin th chng
ta cn nh l c 3 loi : A, B, C theo ICC (ca ILU - nh) hoc theo QTC ( Vit
Nam)
Cc iu kin ny u c trong sch, nhng d nh hn, mnh s lp
bng tng hp so snh:
1, ICC (ca Vin ILU - Anh)
(*) im c bit l iu kin loi A ch quy nh nhng ri ro loi tr, v
a ra quy nh bo him mi ri ro khng thuc ri ro loi tr. Trong khi 2
iu kin B v C nu r c 2 phn ri ro c bo him v ri ro loi tr.
Ngoi ra, c 3 iu kin A, B, C u c quy nh v iu khon tn tht
chung v iu khon Tu m va cng c li.

Ri ro A B C
I. Mt mt, h hi hp l quy cho l:
- Chy n X X
- Mc cn, m, lt p X X
- D hng ti cng lnh nn X X
- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt
hoc trt bnh
X X
- Tu m va vi bt k vt th no bn ngoi
(tr nc)
X X
- ng t, ni la, st X -

II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi:

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- Hy sinh tn tht chung GA X X
- Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri X X
- Nc bin xm nhp X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d X -

IV. iu khon tn tht chung X X X

V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li X X X

VI. Quy nh ri ro loi tr X X X
- Loi tr chung:
+ Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH
+ Hao ht t nhin
+ Bao b ng gi khng thch hp
+ Ni t, n t
+ Chm tr hnh trnh
+ Bt lc ti chnh
+ V kh hoc v n ht nhn
- Loi tr tu khng kh nng i bin v
khng thch hp cho vic chuyn ch

- Loi tr chin tranh
- Loi tr nh cng
(*) iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mt
b phn ca hng ho b h hi c ch tm
do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no
gy ra
- X X


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2, QTC (1990)

Nhng quy nh ca QTC 1990 v c bn l ging vi ICC 1982, nhng
khc ch QTC 1990 c thm iu khon Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng
tin ch hng mt tch v c nhng quy nh khc v iu khon ri ro loi tr

Ri ro A B C
I. Mt mt, h hi hp l quy cho l:
- Chy n X X
- Mc cn, m, lt p X X
- D hng ti cng lnh nn X X
- Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt
hoc trt bnh
X X
- Tu m va tu hoc bt k vt th no bn
ngoi (tr nc)
X X
- ng t, ni la, st X -

II. Mt mt, h hi gy ra bi:
- Hy sinh tn tht chung GA X X
- Nm hng xung bin hoc nc cun tri X X
- Nc bin xm nhp X -

II. Mt nguyn kin khi xp d X -

III. Hng ha b mt do tu hoc phng tin
ch hng mt tch
X X

IV. iu khon tn tht chung X X X

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V. iu khon Tu m va cng c li X X X

IV. Quy nh ri ro loi tr X X X
- Loi tr chung:
+ Hnh vi xu, c ca ngi c BH
+ Hao ht t nhin
+ Bao b ng gi khng thch hp
+ Ni t, n t
+ Chm tr hnh trnh
+ Bt lc ti chnh
+ V kh hoc v n ht nhn
- Tu khng kh nng i bin v khng
thch hp cho vic chuyn ch

- Loi tr chin tranh
- Loi tr nh cng
(*) iu khon loi tr: Hng ho hay mt
b phn ca hng ho b h hi c ch tm
do hnh ng sai lm ca bt k ngi no
gy ra
- X X


KT LUN: V phn BH hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn ghi nh
1 s sau:
Gi tr v s tin bo him + Thi hn bo him
Cc iu kin A, B, C


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(3) BH Thn tu
- i tng bo him:
Bn thn con tu
Cc ph ( <=25% gi tr tu)
Ph tn iu hnh, li thng d (<=25 gi tr tu)
(*) Hp ng bo him thn tu:
Bo him thi hn (trong thi gian nht nh t 3 12 thng)
Bo him chuyn ( t a im ny n a im khc)
(*) Thi hn bo him: t 3 thng n 1 nm, thi gian bt u tnh t 24h ca
ngy k kt n 24h ngy kt thc hp ng theo gi a phng ca ch tu hoc
ca ni k kt hp ng hoc theo GMT nu khng quy nh.
(*) Tai nn m va v trch nhim ca ngi bo him:
Tt nhin l theo nguyn tc, khi con tu b hng do nhng ri ro, tai nn
bt ng th ngi bo him s phi bi thng thit hi vt cht cho ngi c
bo him. Nhng iu c bit cn nh trong bo him thn tu l trng hp 2
tu m va cng c li th ngi bo him thn tu phi chu 2 trch nhim bi
thng sau:
+ Bi thng vt cht cho tu c bo him
+Bi thng trch nhim m va (v ngi, ti sn) cho tu b tu
c bo him m va nhng khng qu s tin bo him
Tuy nhin, bo him thn tu khng phi chu trch nhim v:
- Tt c nhng g khng phi thn tu trn tu c bo him
- Cht ngi, m au

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- Trch nhim v nhim trong tai nn m va
- Chi ph di chuyn hay ph hy chng xc tu
- Chi ph nh du tu m
(*) Cc iu kin bo him thn tu:
Khc vi bo him hng ha phn trc, cc iu kin bo him thn tu khng
phn chia thnh cc iu kin A,B,C m c chia thnh cc iu kin sau:
- AR (All Risks) Mi ri ro
- TLO (Total Loss Only) Tn tht ton b
- FPA (Free on Particular Average Absolutely) Min tn tht ring
- FOD (Free Of Damage Absolutely) Min bi thng tn tht b phn
Sau y l bng so snh:
AR TLO FOD
I. Ri ro c bo him
- Tai ha ca bin X X -
- Chy, n X X -
- Trm cp t ngoi tu X X -
- Vt hng xung bin X X -
- Cp bin X X -
- Tai nn trong xp d, di chuyn hng X X -
- m va (cc phng tin vn chuyn
ni a, thit b cng, my bay)
X X X
- ng t, ni la phun, st nh X X X
- S sut ca thuyn trng, s quan,
ngi sa cha (khng phi ngi
X X X

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c bo him)
- N ni hi, gy trc, n t trong my
mc, v tu
X X X

II. Trch nhim
- Trch nhim m va X - X
- Chi ph bo tn, t tng, chi ph cu
nn
X - X
- Trch nhim nhim du X X -
- ng gp tn tht chung X - X
- Cam kt bo him chi ph hot ng X - -
- Hon li ph bo him do tu nm x
hay do hy hp ng
X - -

III. Ri ro loi tr X - -
( Trang 71 72 Sch GT)

iu kin bo him FPA rt ngn nn cc bn tham kho trang 74 Sch GT.

(4) Bo him Trch nhim dn s
Nh xt phn trn, trong trng hp 2 tu m va cng c li, ngi bo
him thn tu phi chu trch nhim bi thng ton b thit hi v tu cng thm
trch nhim m va ca tu c bo him . Vy cn li th ai s l ngi chu??
ng nhin l nu khng c s can thip ca bn bo him th ch tu s phi chu
khon . Tuy nhin, b p nhng khon tn tht nh vy, ch tu c th chn gii
php l tham gia hi bo him P & I chia s phn trch nhim dn s (do ri ro m va

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gy ra) cho cc ch tu khc. Vy khi hi P & I l g v khi tham gia, ch tu s nhn
c nhng g?
So vi cng ty bo him thng mi thng thng, hi P & I c nhng im khc
bit sau:
- Ngi bo him ng thi l ngi c bo him (v hi ny l do ch tu
thnh vin lp ra t bo him cho mnh)
- Ph ca hi khng xc nh theo 1 t l v mc ph c nh. m bo hot
ng ca hi, cc ch tu ng ph tm tnh hng nm, sau nu thiu th ng ph
ng sau, nu tha th chuyn sang nm sau hoc a vo qu d tr ca hi.
- Hi hot ng khng v mc ch thng mi m l phc v v gip cc
ch tu kinh doanh. Do y l 1 t chc cung cp bo him khng gii hn.
Khi xy ra tn tht gy ra bi nhng ri ro c quy nh, hi s ng ra chu
trch nhim bi thng cho ch tu gp nn. C th nh sau:
-V trch nhim m va (i vi tu k hp ng bo him thn tu):
Hi s bi thng trch nhim m va hoc s tin trch nhim vt qu
s tin bo him thn tu m bn bo him thn tu khng chu.
- i vi xc tu, trong trng hp c ch tu v ngi bo him thn tu t b
con tu th hi s bi thng cho ch tu v chi ph gii quyt xc tu (nh nh du, trc
vt xc tu,).
- Trch nhim v nhim du: Chi ph ty ra nhim, thit hi ti vng nc
nhim, tin pht nhim,
- Trch nhim v con ngi: chi ph khm cha, mai tng, tr cp hi hng,

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- Trch nhim v hng ha: Hi s bi thng cho ch tu thnh vin trch
nhim hoc chi ph ph tri m ch tu khng th i bi thng t bt c bn no khc,
(cc trch nhim pht sinh t vi phm ca ch tu).
- Tin pht ca ta n, chnh quyn, cng, hi quan
Trn y l nhng ri ro c bo him ph bin nht, cn ton b phm vi bo
him ca hi c lit k c th gm 24 ri ro c bo him trong Class 1 Hi bo
him trch nhim ch tu min Ty nc Anh trang 83 - 95 Sch GT. Cc bn c th
tham kho thm.
KT LUN CHNG II
Nh cp u chng, v bo him hng hi, ngoi nhng kin thc tng
quan, chng ta cn nh l c 3 nghip v chnh, mi nghip v li c c im ring.
Nhc n bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin, chng ta cn nh ngay l
n c 3 iu kin A, B, C cn nhc n bo him thn tu th cn nh n c 4 iu
kin: AR, TLO, FOD, FPA.

III. BO HIM HNG KHNG
Trc ht, chng ta cn ni qua v Bo him hng khng, y l bo him nhng
ri ro lin quan ti hnh trnh chuyn ch bng ng hng khng (c th bao gm
c ri ro trn b, min l n c lin quan n hnh trnh).
BHHK bao gm rt nhiu nghip v (trong sch gio trnh cp ti tn 9 nghip
v) nhng chng ta ch cn quan tm n 4 nghip v chnh (ng nhin nu cc bn
c thi gian nghin cu cc nghip v khc l iu rt rt tt).
Bo him thn my bay
Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch,
hnh l, hng ho v t trang ca hnh khch.

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Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba
Bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng khng
Cng ging nh chng trc, chng ta s tm hiu tng nghip v bo him
c th nm c kin thc 1 cch c h thng. Nhng d dng hc thuc hn
chng ta cn thng nht 1 lu sau:
(*) Cc iu kin trong bo him hng khng khng phc tp nh bo him hng
hi, nhng iu gy tr ngi ln nht l cc iu khon loi tr trong cc iu kin.
V nhng iu khon ny khng cn cch no khc ngoi cch hc thuc. to iu
kin hn trong qu trnh hc thuc, mnh xin nu ra 10 trng hp loi tr chung cho
c 3 nghip v bo him u m chng ta s xt (tc l ch cn hc thuc 1 ln v dng
c 3 ln, nhng tt nhin, mi nghip v li c thm 1 vi trng hp khc):
1, My bay c s dng khc mc ch ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him
(GCNBH)
2, My bay vt ra ngoi phm vi ghi trn GCNBH
3, My bay c iu khin bi ngi khng c tn trn GCNBH
4, My bay ct h cnh nhng ni khng ph hp tnh nng k thut
5, My bay c vn chuyn bi bt k phng tin no khc
6, S hnh khch i trn my bay vt qu s hnh khch ti a ghi trn GCNBH
7, Nhng trch nhim m ngi c BH chp nhn hoc t b khc vi v, phiu
hnh l, phiu hng ho, AWB hoc cc C quc t
8, S tin bi thng nhn c t cc hp ng khc
9, Tn tht trc tip hoc gin tip do hin tng phng x, nhim phng x
10, Chin tranh, nh cng

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Sau y l ni dung chi tit v 4 nghip v chnh trong bo him hng khng:
(1) Bo him thn my bay
Theo quy tc 1991 ca Vit Nam, c 2 iu kin bo him p dng cho bo him
thn my bay l iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro) v iu kin B (bo him tn tht
ton b). C 2 iu kin ny u gm 2 phn chnh l trch nhim ca ngi bo
himv loi tr bo him. Phn loi tr bo him th c 2 iu kin A v B u trnh
by ging nhau, do vy chng ta s xt chung.
- Theo iu kin A (bo him mi ri ro), ngi bo him s chu trch nhim
bi thng :
- Tn tht ton b hoc b phn xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng
gy ra, trong thi gian bo him.
- Chi ph cn thit v hp l m ngi c bo him phi chu do hnh vi
m bo an ton cho my bay, nhng ti a khng vt qu 10% gi tr bo him.
- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him .
- Theo iu kin B (Bo him tn tht ton b), ngi bo him s chu trch
nhim bi thng tn tht ton b (c th l thc t hoc c tnh) xy ra do tai
nn bt ng gy ra, trong thi gian bo him.
- Loi tr Bo him: 10 trng hp nu phn lu , cng thm:
1, Tai nn bt ng xy ra do hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy
v, hng hc bn trong my bay.
2, Tai nn bt ng xy ra do h hng gy ra bi nhng vt c tc dng ph
hy dn dn, lu di.


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(2) Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l,
hng ho v t trang ca hnh khch
Cc trng hp c Bo him:
- Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do:
+ Gy thng vong cho hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay hoc ln, xung
my bay.
+ Mt, h hng hnh l, hng ha trong qu trnh ngi c bo him vn chuyn
v bo qun (cn c theo phiu hnh l hoc vn n) hoc do chnh hnh khch bo
qun trong trng hp my bay b tn tht ton b.
- n ph dn s
- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him
Loi tr bo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm:
1, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh
doanh vi ngi c bo him khi h ang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c
bo him.
2, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn ca nhn vin t bay khi h ang lm nhim v
trn my bay.
Gii hn trch nhim ca hng hng khng theo cc ngun lut (tham kho thm):
Stt iu c Hnh khch
(1 ngi)
Hng ho +hnh l
k gi (1kg)
T trang, hnh l
xch tay (1 ngi)
1 C Vacxava 1929 125.000 Fr.V 250 Fr.V 5000 Fr.V

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2 NT Hague 1955 250.000 Fr.V
(~20.000 USD)
nt nt
3 C Guadalajara 1961 - - -
4 H Montreal 1966
(hnh trnh c im
thuc M)
75.000 USD(apds)
58.000 USD
20USD/1kg
9,07USD/1p
400USD
500USD (M)
5 C Guatemala 1971 1,5 triu Fv.V 250 Fv.V 15000 Fr.V
6 NT Montreal 1975
No1
8.300 SDR 17 SDR 332 SDR
NT Montreal 1975
No2
16.600 SDR nt 332 SDR
NT Montreal 1975
No3
100.000 SDR
4150 SDR/chm
nt 1.000 SDR
NT Montreal 1975
No4
- - -
7 C Montreal 1999 100.000 SDR
4150 SDR/chm
17SDR 1.000 SDR




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(3) Bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi ngi th ba:
Cc trng hp c Bo him:
- Nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him phi bi thng do:
+ Gy thng vong.
+ Lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ngi th 3 do my bay hoc vt th no ri
xung t my bay gy ra.
- n ph dn s
- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him
Loi tr bo him: 10 trng hp loi tr nu phn lu cng thm:
1, Tn tht v ngi v ti sn:
+ ca ngi c bo him hoc bn cng kinh doanh vi ngi c bo
him khi h ang thi hnh nhim v vi ngi c bo him
+ ca nhn vin t bay khi h ang lm nhim v trn my bay
+ ca hnh khch khi h ang trn my bay hoc ln, xung my bay
+ tn tht i vi ti sn thuc quyn qun l v s hu ca ngi c
bo him
2, Khiu ni pht sinh t:
+ Ting ng, s chn ng m thanh, n do kch sng t bin khi my
bay bay vt tc ting ng
+ nhim, nhim sng in t
+ Tr ngi trong vic s dng ti sn

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(4) Bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng
- 10 trng hp loi tr phn lu khng c s dng trong nghip v ny, v chng
ta phi nh cc trng hp sau:
+ Theo ICC 1982, ri ro c bo him i vi hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng
khng l cc ri ro khng nm trong cc ri ro loi tr sau y:
1, Tn tht do li ca ngi c bo him
2, D chy, hao ht thng thng ca i tng bo him
3, Tn tht do ni t hay bn cht ca i tng bo him
4, Tn tht pht sinh t s khng ph hp c bit t trc ca cc phng
tin vn chuyn i vi vic vn chuyn an ton ca i tng bo him
5, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do chm tr gy ra bi 1 ri ro c bo
him
6, Mt mt, h hi, chi ph pht sinh do tnh trng mt kh nng chi tr ca ngi
ch hay qun l my bay
7, Mt mt, h hi do s dng v kh ht nhn; chin tranh, ni chin; bom mn,
v kh chin tranh; khng b, mc ch chnh tr
(*) Thi hn bo him
- Khng gian: Bo him ny c hiu lc t khi i tng bo him ri kho, ni cha
hng hay ni lu gi bt u vn chuyn v kt thc khi:
+ Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, hay ni cha hng ghi trong hp
ng bo him
+ Giao n bt k 1 ni cha hng no trc khi n ni n, do ngi
c bo him la chn lu kho, phn phi, cung cp hng ha

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- Thi gian: 30 ngy sau khi d i tng bo him ra khi my bay ti ni d hng
KT LUN CHNG III
Tm li l chng ny cng khng c yu cu g hn ngoi hc thuc v hc
thuc. hc thuc. Mn Bo him suy cho cng cng ch n gin l 1 chui hc thuc :v.


(*) Lu cho chng IV v chng V
Nh ni phn u Cm nang, chng II l chng quan trng nht, nhng
cc chng khc chng ta cng cn nm c nhng kin thc cn bn trong sch.
Chng IV v chng V trong Cm nang ny c trnh by da trn sch Gio trnh,
nhng ch trnh by nhng phn m mnh cho l quan trng. Nhng ai cm thy mnh vn
cn b nh hc thm nhng phn cn li (v Gi tr bo him, S tin bo him)
th cc bn c th tham kho thm trong sch.

IV. BO HIM HA HON V CC RI RO C BIT
(*) Khi nim:
- y l nghip v bo him cho nhng thit hi chy, st, n v cc ri ro c bit
khc gy ra cho i tng bo him, trong chy, st, n l nhng ri ro c bn.
(*) i tng bo him:
- Bt ng sn
- Cc ng sn (ti sn c nhn, my mc, thit b,)
- Hng ha (c th l nguyn liu, bn thnh phm,)

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(*) Phm vi bo him:
- Cc ri ro c bn (Ri ro A) c bo him 1 cch t ng
+ Chy: Tt c nhng thit hi do chy u c bo him, loi tr:
N do nh hng ca chy
ng t hoc la ngm di t
Ti sn t ln men hoc ta nhit hay qu trnh x l bng nhit
+ St: ch thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng
+ N: ch c bo him trong cc trng hp:
N ni hi phc v sinh hot
Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sng hoc si m trong nh
- Cc ri ro c bit ch c bo him khi c yu cu v ph ng thm ph
+ Ri ro B: ri ro n, loi tr:
N ni hi, thng nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc v thit b
m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra
Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong dng c b
h hi hoc b ph hy do n cc cht liu
Sng p lc t my bay siu m
+ Ri ro C: My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hoc cc vt t trn
ri vo, loi tr sng p lc t my bay siu m
+ Ri ro E: nh cng, b xng, bo ng dn s, loi tr tch thu, trng dng
v thit hi do ngng cng vic
+ Ri ro G: ng t
+ Ri ro K: La ngm di t

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+ Ri ro L: Chy ni t, loi tr sng p lc t my bay siu m
+ Ri ro N: Ging t hay bo tp, l lt, loi tr:
- H hi do sng mui hay st l t
- Thit hi ca hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri
+ Ri ro P: V hay trn nc t cc b cha, thit b cha nc hay ng ng
dn, loi tr ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b
phng chy t ng
+ Ri ro Q: Xe c hay sc vt m vo (vi iu kin khng thuc quyn s hu
ca ngi c bo him hoc ngi lm thu ca h)
+ Ri ro L: Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng c lp t sn trong
nh, loi tr nh b trng hoc khng s dng, n, ng t, chy ngm hoc b
sc nng do ha hon
- Cc trng hp loi tr
1, Chin tranh, cch mng, khi ngha, khng b,
2, nh cng, b xng, bo ng dn s,tr khi c bo him theo ri ro E
3, Phng x, nhim phng x, phn ng ht nhn, nng lng, nguyn t
4, Tin bc, kim loi qu, cc giy t c gi tr hoc ti liu, s sch bn tho kinh
doanh, tr khi c xc nhn trn GCNBH
5, Hng ha nhn y thc hay k gi, tr khi c xc nhn trn GCNBH
6, Tn tht thit hi ca cht n
7, Tn tht v ngi, ng, thc vt sng
8, Thit hi gy ra cho ngi th 3

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9, Cc ti sn c BH theo n BH hng hi
10, Cc thit hi mang tnh cht hu qu, tr tin thu nh nu c xc nhn
trn GCNBH
11, Cc thit hi trong phm vi mc min thng

V. BO HIM XY DNG V LP T
(*) Khi nim:
- BHXD&L l loi hnh BH nhng thit hi pht sinh t mt ri ro bt ng hoc
t trch nhim i vi ngi th ba trong vic xy dng mt cng trnh c s dng n
b tng v xi mng.
B p v ti chnh cho ch u t hay ch thu.
(*) Ngi c bo him:
C rt nhiu ngi c BH (ch thu, kin trc s,) nn khi k hp ng
BH ch cn c mt ngi ng ra i din (ch u t hay ch thu) v ghi v cc nh
thu ph c lin quan.
(*) i tng bo him:
- Cc cng trnh ln v dn s, cc bt ng sn ln dng cho thng mi, cc
cng trnh cng cng hoc .
Trong , cc hng mc ch yu c BH gm:
Cng tc thi cng XD.
Cc trang thit b XD.
My mc dng trong qu trnh XD, tr loi phng tin lu hnh trn cng
l v thuc BH xe c gii.

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TS c sn v xung quanh khu vc cng trng thuc quyn s hu, trng
nom, chm sc ca ngi c BH.
Chi ph dn dp v sinh.
Trch nhim i vi ngi th ba (tr cng nhn, ngi lm thu cho ch
u t, hoc ch thu).
(*) Phm vi bo him:
- Nhng ri ro c bo him:
1, Cc thit hi m cng trnh phi chu.
2, Ha hon v nhng tn tht do tin hnh cc bin php cha chy.
3, Cc v n gy thit hi cc ng hi, ni hi, cng nh cc thit b khc.
4, Cc thit hi do nc gy nn (do l lt, r ng ng).
5, Cc thit hi do thin tai nh ging bo, t trt, ng t, ni la phun, sng
thn, ma gi, st nh
6, Trm cp
7, V my (my mc lin quan ti cng vic thi cng trong xy dng)
8, Cng trnh xy dng b sp (ri ro ny cn c BH thm bng hp ng trch
nhim sau xy dng, c bit l i vi thi cng cng trnh nc ngoi).
9, Thiu kinh nghim, s sut, hnh ng c hay c tnh nhm ln nhng khng
phi l ngi c BH hay i din ca h gy ra.
10, Ri ro trong vn chuyn vt liu xy dng hay my mc.
11, Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c BH i vi ngi th ba v cc thit hi
khng th trnh khi trong vic thi cng cng trnh.

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12, Hu qu ti chnh ca nhng thit hi c BH gy ra.
- Cc loi tr chung:
1, Tn tht xy ra do chin tranh hay cc hnh ng tng t
2, Tn tht xy ra do nh cng, bi cng, b xng hay ni lon, gin on hay
ngng cng vic theo lnh ca nh chc trch.
3, Tn tht xy ra do s ta nhit hay phng x (phn ng ht nhn, phng x ht
nhn, nhim phng x)
4, Tn tht xy ra do hnh ng c ca ngi c BH hay i din ca h.
5, Tn tht c tnh cht hu qu do chm tr nh tin pht do vi phm hp ng
hay mt thu nhp
- Cc loi tr ring:
1, Cc tn tht do hng hc, c kh hoc v in hay nhng trc trc ca my mc
xy dng (tr nhng thit hi c tnh cht tai nn c th xy ra s c BH bnh
thng).
2, Cc tn tht sinh ra t gim gi tr do hao mn, do b ph hoi dn dn, do s
gi ci, hoen r, xy ha.
3, Cc mt mt h hi ca ti liu bn v, biu mu, chng t thanh ton, tin,
4, Cc mt mt pht hin khi kim k.
5, Tn tht ca xe c gii lu hnh trn cng l, ca cc phng tin thy hay
my bay.
6, Cc mt mt, thit hi pht sinh t vic gin on thi cng, thm ch ch l nht
thi.

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7, Mc khu tr m ngi c BH phi t gnh chu trong mi trng hp c s
c thuc trch nhim ca BH.

(*) Thi hn bo him:
- Thi gian bt u thi cng cho n khi cng trnh XD c nghim thu.
+ Thi gian bt u thi cng c tnh t khi tin hnh khi cng xy dng (san
nn, o p) C th tnh c thi gian lu kho cc nguyn vt liu trc nhng
khng qu 3 thng.
+ Kt thc cng trnh khi cng trnh c bn giao v a vo s dng hoc hon
tt ln vn hnh u tin c ti nu c c phn vic lp t.
- i vi my mc, thit b xy dng: trch nhim ca ngi BH:
+ bt u khi tho d cc my mc thit b xung khu vc cng trng
+ kt thc khi di chuyn khi cng trng
Nu cng trnh hon thnh v a vo s dng tng b phn: trch nhim ca ngi
BH i vi tng b phn kt thc ngay sau khi n c bn giao a vo s dng.
Nu thi gian thi cng ngn hn thi gian tiu chun: Hiu lc ca hp ng BH s
kt thc ngay khi cng trnh c bn giao a vo s dng.
Nu ngi c BH thy phi ko di thi gian thi cng th phi kp thi thng bo
cho ngi BH bit v yu cu BH cho thi gian ko di.
Trong thi k bo dng, tip theo vic nghim thu tm thi hoc a vo s dng,
vic xy dng c hon thnh v cc BH cng loi khng cn cn thit na. Tuy nhin,
khi ngi c BH yu cu th thi hn BH c th m rng cho c thi gian bo hnh.


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Trn y l ton b nhng ni dung trong chng trnh hc ca mn Bo him
trong kinh doanh. Mnh c gng tm lc ht sc ngn gn v c h thng, nhng v
kin thc qu nhiu nn Cm nang ny vn di tn hn 30 trang. Hi vng nhng g mnh
vit trn s gip cc bn n thi tt hn. Chc cc bn may mn trong t thi sp ti!!