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Published by Discs Direct











1













Grammar basics 33
alse Friends 58
64
Check bookmarks on the left for more detailed contents info.


Learn Spanish E-book
Published and distributed by Discs Direct.
easons.
All rights reserved. Copyright 2004 Discs Direct.

Contents
Language note 3
Alphabet 4
Pronunciation Guide 5
Stress & Accent Marks 10

Basic Phrases 11

Greetings 15

Numbers 16

Vocabulary 18

F

Spanish - English Dictionary

English - Spanish Dictionary 80

Food Glossary 96




You can print the book for academic r


2




spaol - Language note


alicia Portuguese.
here are around 40 million Spanish speakers within Spain and many more in other
ountries (see below).
uding the Balearic and Canary Islands and the
lilla. There are Spanish-speaking communities
f the official languages of the European Union
tions.
lphabet and the acute accent on vowels to indicate stressed
clusive to Spanish and represent a single letter and not a
the only language to use the opening question and exclamation

of Spanish Speakers:

ion

enezuela - 23.3 million
SA - 20.7 million
eru - 20.4 million
hile - 13.6 million
ominican Republic - 8.2 million
E
Spanish is the third most popular language of the world.
It belongs to the Ibero-Romance family of languages and is most closely related to Catalan,
n and G
T
c
Spanish is the official language in Spain, incl
Northern African enclaves of Ceuta and Me
the UK, France and Germany. It is one o in
and of the United Na


panish uses the Latin a S
syllables. and are ex
odification of n. It's also m
marks



Country - Number

exico - 91 million M

olombia - 41.9 mill C

rgentina - 35.6 million A

pain - 39.9 million S

V

U

P

C

Ecuador - 11.8 million

D




3



The Alphabet
The Spanish alphabet consists of 2
a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll,


Below you can see the capital letter
with that letter.

A: a azul (adj) - blue
B: be bandera (nf) - flag
C: ce cerdo (nm) - pig,
CH: che chico (nm) - boy
D: de dedo (nm) - finger
E: e escarabajo (nm) -
F: efe fruta (nf) - fruit
G: ge gatito (nm) - kitten
H: hache hombre (nm) - m
I: i insecto (nm) - insect
J: jota joya (nf) - jewel
K: ka kilmetro (nm) - kilom
L: ele lago (nm) -lake
LL: elle llover (v) rain
M: eme mar (nf, nm) sea
N: ene noche (nf) - night
: ee ame (nm) - yam
O: o ocano (nm) - oc
: pe pap (nm) - dad
9 letters:
m, n, , o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
s along with name of each letter and one word starting


hog
beetle
an
etre

ean
: cu quiz - maybe
ere reina (nf) - queen
: ese silla (nf) - chair
: te tiburn (nm) - shark
: u uva (nf) - grape
: ve vaca (nf) - cow
: doble u wok (nm) - wok
: equis xilfono (nm) - xylophone



P
Q
R:
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y: i griega y (conj) - and
Z: zeta zorro (nm) - fox
4











Vowels


All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each:
a . . . sounds like . . . ah as in "father"
The Spanish "a" is a short sharp sound like "hat" in English
Examples: pato - apio - loca
e
The Spanish "e" is like the ehh in "bet" in English
Examples: elegir - xito - sed
The Spanish "i" is like the "ee" in "seen", but a bit shorter
Examples: sin - mircoles - idiota

o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go"
The Spanish "o" can have two sounds. When it is at the end of a word it is like the
difference is very subtle
Examples: pato - apio - loca

oo as in "to"
The Spanish "u" is like the "oo" in "food"
Note: It is silent after "q" and in "gue" and "gui"
sis eg: antigedad. The "" is quite rare.
Pronounciation Guide


i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee"
"o" in note e.g. "pato"
When it is before a consonant it is shorter, like "pot" or "cot" e.g. "boda". This
u . . . sounds like . . .
The exceptions are marked with a diaere
5
Examples: luna - puro - mudo

Diphtongs:

ai ay
The Spanish "ai" is like the "i" in "side"
Examples: aislar - paisaje - vaina - haya
anish "ei" and "ey" sound like the "ay" in say
he Spanish "eu" has no English equivalent and is difficult to define.
and "u" together. It is not very common.
ples: deuda - neutral - reumatismo
ote that the word "y" meaning "and" sounds like the Spanish "i"
erno - yeso - tierno - miedo
u
"win"
a vowel it normally has the "w" sound
amples: fuente - huevo - agua - fui - fuimos - cuota
au
The Spanish "au" is like the "ou" in "sound"
Examples: causa - pausa - audio - audiencia
ei ey
The Sp
Examples: rey - peine - seis
eu
T
It is just the sounds of "e"
Exam
oi oy
The Spanish "oi" and "oy" are like the "oy" in boy
Examples: soy - doy - boicot - sois - coyote

Semi-consonants:
ie y
The Spanish "y" and "ie" have the "y" sound in "yes" .
N
Examples: hielo - y
The Spanish "u +vowel" sounds like the "w" in
Note that when "u" is followed by
Ex
6


Consonants

Most consonants are the same as in English,
except: c g h j ll r rr v z
b
The Spanish "b" is almost exactly the same as an English "b"
(Note: Both "b" and "v" have the "b" sound in Spanish)
Examples: bomba - enviar - voy - Crdoba
c (hard c)
The Spanish "c" has the English "k" sound except when it comes before "e" and "i"
Examples: academia - con - Ecuador - cola
c (soft c)
Before "e" and "i" it has a "th" sound as in "thin"
(Note: c is an "s" sound in Latin America, or a "th" sound in Spain)
Examples: sociedad - recibir - receta
ch
The Spanish "ch" is the same as the "ch" in church
Examples: bochorno - champn - champin - champ
d
The Spanish "d" is very similar to the English
"d" when it comes at the end of a word it can have a "th" like sound eg. Madrid, verdad
Examples: del - definir - ciudad - domingo
f
The Spanish "f" is the same as the English "f"
Examples: frer - difcil - afeitar - foro
g (hard g)
The Spanish "g" is like the English "g" unless it comes before "i" and "e".
Examples: Galicia - golpe - guante - iglesia
g (soft g)
7
The Spanish "g" is like the Spanish "j" when it comes before "i" and "e".
d are: gemelo - geranio - gimnasio - gitano
und similar to the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"
je
mmon in Spanish
he "y" in yes
o- Mallorca
m
The Spanish "m" is the same as the English "m"
amples: mama - tomar - malo - mixta - mano
glish "n"
amples: nadar - nadie - no - uno - nada
It makes the soft "h" sound, like the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"
Some other words which have this soun
h
The Spanish "h" is always silent
Examples: honor - Alhambra - rehacer
j
The Spanish "j" is a strong guttural (throaty) so
Examples: jota - jabn - lenguaje - e
k
The Spanish "k" is the same as the English "k". It is very unco
Examples: kilo - kilovatio - kiosco - kiwi
l
The Spanish "l" is the same as the English "l"
Examples: lobo - lmpara - ladrn
ll
The Spanish "ll" makes a drawn-out sound like t
Examples: taller - valle - llamar - llover - llen


Ex
n
The Spanish "n" is the same as the En
Ex



The Spanish "" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English
Examples: bao - caa - rin - teir
p
8
The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English
Spanish "q" is pronounced like the English "k" in "kick"
(Please note that the u after q is silent unlike in English, so qu makes a "k" sound not "kw")
r
The Spanish "r" is a similar to the English "r" but it is stronger (is rolled)
Examples: rabo - radio - mar
rr
The Spanish "rr" does not exist in English. It is a very strong "r" with a trill (it's rolled
.
uerra - parra - barrio
, g, l, m, n
to
an have a "zzz" sound when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n
sde - asno
t
e Spanish "t" is very similar to the "t" in English.
The Spanish "x" is similar to the English pronunciation and it has a "ks" sound.
Examples: extra - sexto- exacto - xito
z
Examples: pato - apio - lpiz
q
The
Examples: queso - qu - querer - quince
emphatically).
Many English speakers find this sound very difficult to pronounce
Examples: puerro - berro - carro - g
s
The Spanish "s" has two sounds.
It is pronounced the same as "s" sound in "sit" except when it comes before b, d
Examples: saber - sobre - cosas - asun
It c
Examples: mismo - de

Th
In Spanish the tongue is placed closer to the teeth and there is less aspiration.
Examples: trigo - tomar- todo - patata
v
makes the "b" sound

x



9
The Spanish "z" has the "th" sound in the English thin.
Examples: zona - cazar - zorro - luz
Please note: Z . . . is an "Z" sound in Latin America, or a "TH" sound in Spain



Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed.
re simple.


t
If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the
wel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, comn, lpiz, mdico, ingls, and
jal all have the stress on the indicated syllable.
above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words
t retain their original spelling and pronunciation. Also personal
usually are written without accents.
e accent marks over capital letters, although


apital letters
In Spanish, days, months, languages and nationalities do not use a capital letter. Only names
f people and places do.



Stress and Accent Marks
Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation.
Fortunately, in Spanish the rules for stress (also known as accent) a
In fact, there are only three basic rules that cover nearly every word:
1. If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example,
toro, computadora, joven and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Mos
words fit this category.
2. Words than end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel,
hablar, madador and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable.
3.
vo
o
The only exceptions to the
adopted from English, tha
names and place names of foreign origin
Note that some publications and signs do not us
it is normally best to use them when possible.

C

o


10

Phrases (Spanish English)

Hola - Hi
Me llamo... - My name is...
Encantado, -a - Nice to meet you
S - Yes
No - No
Hablo un poco - I speak a little
en espaol - in Spanish
en ingls - in English
Adis - Goodbye
Gracias - Thank you
por favor - please
el hotel - the hotel
Tiene...? - Have you got...?
una habitacin - a room
doble - double
individual - single
el bao - the bathroom
Para cuntos das? - For how many days?
Tengo una reserva - I have a reservation
Su nombre? - Your name?
Su pasaporte? - Your passport?
Qu va a tomar? - What would you like?
un bocadillo - a filled roll
una tortilla espaola - a Spanish omelette
unas patatas fritas - chips
de primero - as first course
de segundo - as second course
Basic
11
el men - the menu
wine
- a glass of water

round here?
market
- a chemist's
e?
ow much does it cost?
?
?

the left
t
n billete para... - a ticket to...
e ida - one way
oy principiante. - Im a beginner.
engo un nivel...medio/avanzado. - I'm intermediate/advanced.
Para beber? - And to drink?
una cerveza - a beer
un vino tinto - a glass of red
un vaso de agua
la cuenta - the bill
Hay... por aqu? - Is there... a
un supermercado - a super
una farmacia
abierto - open
cerrado - closed
Tiene...? - Have you got...?
Qu talla? - What siz
grande - big
pequeo - small
Cunto cuesta? - H
Algo ms? - Anything else
Perdn - Excuse me
Dnde est? - Where is
todo recto - straight ahead
enfrente - opposite
a la izquierda - on
a la derecha - on the righ
Est cerca - It's nearby
Est lejos - It's far away
u
d
de ida y vuelta - return
S
T
12


Common phrases (English Spanish)
r?; Me ayuda por favor?
English? - Hablas ingls?
el ingls?
uenas tardes
Feliz cumpleaos!
me por favor.
o se dice...?
Cunto es?
aos tienes?
Me llamo...
n.
hambre.
dido.
.
o me gusta.
ablo espaol.
do. - No comprendo.
le. Mucho gusto.
r
you. - Encantado de conocerle.
e. - Aydeme, por favor.
vor?
acias.




Can you help me? - Me puede ayuda
Do you speak
Do you understand English? - Entiende
Good afternoon - B
Good-bye. - Adis.
Good evening - Buenas noches
Good morning - Buenos dias
Good night - Buenas noches
Happy birthday! -
Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo!
Hello - hola!
Help me please. - Ayde
How? - Cmo?
How are you? - Cmo ests?
How do you say...? - Cm
How much does it cost? -
How old are you? - Cuntos
I am... - Estoy...
I am called...(My name is...) -
I am from... - Soy de...
I am fine. - Estoy bie
I am happy. - Estoy alegre.
I am hungry. - Tengo
I am lost. - Estoy per
I am sad. - Estoy triste
I am sick. - Estoy enfermo.
I don't know. - No lo s.
I don't like it. - N
I don't speak Spanish. - No h
I don't understand.
No entien
I have... - Tengo...
I like it. - Me gusta.
I love you. - Te amo.
I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico.
I would like... - Me gustaria...
maybe - quiz
My name is... - Me llamo...
Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocer
no - no
please - por favo
Pleased to meet
Please help m
Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por fa
See you later. - Hasta luego.
Thank you. - Gr
what - qu
13
What is your name? - Cmo te llamas?
s? ??
hen - cundo
here - dnde
hich - cul
here are you from? - De dnde eres?
here is the bathroom? - Donde esta el bao? ??
ho - quin ??
ou're welcome. - De nada.

o se llama tu madre?
u padre?
cribe tu nombre?
s tienes?
t hermanos o hermanas?
ne usted mascotas en casa?
personas hay en tu familia?
nmero de telfono?
e ayer?
de hoy?
What time is it? - Que hora e
w
w
w
W
W
w
why - por qu
yes - si
Y



Conversation practice

Who's there? - Quin es?
What is your name? - Cmo te llamas?
What is your mother's name? - Cm
What is your father's name? - Cmo se llama t
How do you spell your name? - Cmo se es
How are you? - Cmo est?
Where are you from? - De dnde viene?
Where do you live? - Dnde vives?
Where were you born? - Dnde naci usted?
How old are you? - Cuntos ao
Do you have brothers or sisters? - Tienes
Do you have any pets (animals) at home? - Tie
How many people are in your family? - Cuntas
What is your telephone number? - Cul es su
What time is it? - Qu hora es?
What day is it today? - Qu da es hoy?
What day was yesterday? - Qu da fu
What day is tomorrow? - Qu da es maana?
What is the date? - Cul es la fecha
14
When do you eat lunch? - A qu hora comes t el almuerzo?
tiempo hace?
o es?
lor favorito?

s preguntas?
? or Comprende?
? - Me lo repite, por favor?
ls?
hy not? - Por qu no?
De quin es eso?
hat would you like? - Qu desea?
lease? - Puede usted ayudarme, por favor?
with location.
you
.)
(can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell).
What's the weather like? - Qu
How many are there? - Cunto hay?
How much is that? - Cunto cuesta eso? or Cunt
What color is this? - Qu color es?
What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu co
What is this? - Qu es esto?
Do you have any questions? - Tiene alguna
Do you understand? - Entiende
Can you repeat that, please
Do you speak English? - Hablas ing
Where is it? - Dnde est?
Where are you going? - Adnde va usted?
Why is that? - Y eso por qu?
W
Whose is that? -
W
Can you help me p
Where is the bathroom? - Dnde esta el bao?



Greetings

Hola - Hello, hi
Hola, al, jal, bueno, al, diga - Hello (on the telephone). - varies
Adis - Goodbye (An informal alternative in some areas is chau from Italian).
Cmo ests? Cmo est? - How are you?
Muy bien, gracias - Very well, thank
Buenos das - Good day, good morning (sometimes a shortened form, buen da, is used
Buenas tardes - Good afternoon (also used in the early evening)
Buenas noches - Good night
15
Cmo te va? Cmo le va? Qu tal? Qu hay? - How's it going? What's happening?
co).
e llama usted? - What's your name?
e llamo - My name is ...
ncantado. - It's a pleasure to meet you.
nvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas Welcome
would be used with a man,
ll females, and bienvenidos with
ers
two kinds of numbers: cardinal and ordinal.
numbers are the numbers used for counting:

/a
no/a
Qu pasa? - What's happening?
Qu hubo? Qu onda? - How is it going? What's happening? (common in Mexi
Cmo te llamas? Cmo s
M
Mucho gusto. E
ienvenido, bie B
(Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenido
ienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of a b
males or a mixed group).

Numb


There ar

e
Cardinal


0 cero
1 uno/a
2 dos
3 tres
4 cuatro
5 cinco
6 seis
7 siete
8 ocho
9 nueve

1
1
0 diez
1 once
12 doce
13 trece
1
1
4 catorce
5 quince
16 diecisis
17 diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19 diecinueve

20 veinte
21 veintiuno
22 veintids

30 treinta
31 treinta y u
16

40 cuarenta
ntos/as
tos/as
00 seiscientos/as
00 novecientos/as
.000 dos mil
no in compound numbers loses the -o before masculine nouns, whether singular or plural:
einta y un das (thirty-one days).
ates (months and years) are cardinal numbers in Spanish, except for the first of the month:
l 9 (nueve) de marzo de 1995 (mil novecientos noventa y cinco) (the ninth of October,
995); BUT Hoy es el primero de octubre (Today is October first).
English usage of commas and periods in numbers: 1.250
kilmetros =1,250 kilometers; 1,25 litros =1.25 liters.

bers


egundo/a - second
rcer(o)/a - third
sexto/a - sixth
sptimo/a - seventh
ctavo/a - eighth
oveno/a - ninth
50 cincuenta
60 sesenta
70 setenta
80 ochenta
90 noventa

100 cien(to)
101 ciento uno

200 doscie
300 trescientos/as
400 cuatrocien
500 quinientos/as
6
700 setecientos/as
800 ochocientos/as
9

1.000 mil
1.500 mil quinientos
2
1.000.000 un milln

U
tr

D
E
1

Note that Spanish reverses the





Ordinal Num
primer(o)/a - first
s
te
cuarto/a - fourth
quinto/a - fifth
o
n
dcimo/a - tenth


17
After ten, cardinal numbers are generally used to indicate the ordinals: Alfonso Trece
lfonso the Thirteenth); el siglo veinte (the twentieth century).


ocabulary (grouped by topics)
week
uesday - martes
Wednesday miercoles

Saturday - sabado
of the year

ay - mayo
une - junio
eptember - septiembre
e
mbre
re

Formas
nte
(A

V





Days of the

Sunday - domingo
Monday - lunes
T
Thursday - jueves
Friday - viernes


Months


J anuary - enero
February febrero
March - marzo
April - abril
M
J
J uly - julio
August - agosto
S
October - octubr
November - novie
December - diciemb


Shapes - Las

arch - el arco
block - el cubo
circle - el crculo
cone - el cono
crescent - crecie
cube - el cubo
cylinder - el cilindro
diamond - rombo
ellipse - la elipse
18
hemisphere - el hemisferio

o
nos
ngulo
culo
hapes - las formas
phere - esfera
o
ar - la estrella
ide

s
arecida
a (female), bello (male)
so

female), lindo (male)

o
na

able
nto
hexagon - el hexgono
octagon - el octgono
orb - el orbe
oval - el valo
pentagon - el pentgon
polygons - polgo
pyramid - la pirmide .
point - el punto
rectangle - el rect
semicircle - semicir
s
s
spiral - el espiral
quare - el cuadrad s
st
trapezoid - trapezo
triangle - el tringulo
cua wedge - la
zigzag - el zigzag


Adjective

afraid - asustado
alike - parecido/p
all - todo
angry - enojado
asleep - dormido
beautiful - bell
big - grande
black - negro
blue - azul
bright - lumino
brown - marrn
clean - limpio
closed - cerrado
cute - linda (
dirty - sucio
early - temprano
empty - vaco/vaca
every - cada
fast - rpido
fat - gordo/gorda
frightened - asustad
full - lleno/lle
gray - gris
green - verde
happy - contenta/contento
healthy - salud
hot - caliente
hungry - hambrie
large - grande
last - ltimo/ltima
late - tarde
19
left - izquierda
loud - fuerte
little - pequeita/pequeito
chos more - ms
echo, angosto
o

o
allada
roso
o
/pequeo
enfermo
in - delgado
gly - feo
nhappy - infeliz
n - a revs
leta
anco
er miedo

dir

lar
r
jercicio
ar
juegos malabares

lost - perdido
less - menos
mad - enojado
many - mu
narrow - estr
open - abierto
orange - anaranjad
outdoors - al aire libre
over - sobre
pink - rosa, rosado
purple - morad
quiet - callado/c
red - rojo
sad - triste
scared - asustado, teme
slow - lenta/lent
small - pequea
sick - enferma/
short - baja/bajo
tall - alta/alto
th
u
u
upside dow
violet - vio
hite - bl w
wide - ancho
yellow - amarillo
young - joven



Verbs

to be afraid - ten
break - romper
burn - quemarse
clap - aplau
cry - llorar
dance - bai
draw - dibuja
drink - beber, tomar
eat - comer
erase - borrar
exercise - e
to fish - pesc
fly - volar
give - dar
hear - or
jog - trotar
juggle - hacer
jump - saltar
20
kneel - arrodillarse
oteras
r
- enviar par correo
r
r

r
a

ntar, echar
cosquillas
nderstand - comprender
alk - caminar, andar
ave - saludar a alguien con la mano
eep - llorar
iggle - contonear, menear
n deseo
rite - escribir
ns
obre
round - alrededor de
ehind - detrs de
etween - entre
- en
front of - delante de
inside - dentro
knit - tejer
laugh - rer
leak - tener g
learn - aprender
to love - ama
(to send by) mail
paint - pintar
play - juga
pull - tirar
push - empuja
rake - rastrillar
read - leer
receive - recibir
run - correr
scare - susto
scream - grita
see - ver
sew - coser
sing - cantar
sit - sentarse
sleep - dormir
smile - la sonrisa
speak - hablar
staple - sujetar con grap
stop - parar
talk - hablar
teach - ensear
thank - agradecer, dar las gracias
think - pensar
throw - tirar, ave
tickle - hacer
u
w
w
w
w
(make a) wish - pedir u
ork - trabajar w
w
yell - gritar





Prepositio

above - arriba de, s
a
b
b
in
in
21
on top of - enc
ver - sobre
ima de

imales
a
e
uario


arabajo
falo
o
sa

lo
mpanc
listada

a

rilo
osaurio
o
under - debajo de





Animals

alligator - el caimn
animals - los an
ant - la hormig
antelope - el antlop
antler - el asta
ape - el mono
aquarium - el ac
barn - el establo
bat - el murcilago
beak - el pico
bear - el oso
beaver - el castor
bee - la abeja
beetle - el esc
bird - el pjaro
blackbird - el mirlo
bluebird - azulejo
buffalo - el b
bug - bicho
bunny - el conejit
butterfly - la maripo
bull - el toro
cage - la jaula
camel - el camello
canary - el canario
cat - el gato
caterpillar - la oruga
chick - el pollito
chicken - el pol
chimpanzee - el chi
chipmunk - la ardilla
cicada - la cigarra
claw - la zarpa, la garra
cobweb - la telara
cocoon - el capullo
coral - coralino
cow - la vaca
coyote - el coyote
crab - el cangrejo
crane - la grulla
crocodile - el cocod
crow - el cuervo
deer - el venado
dinosaur - el din
dog - el perro
22
doghouse - perrera


la liblula
ila
rra
/la finca
ma
do
ra
e pescar
nco
la
o
altamontes
ota, la rata del trigo

tamo

al de miel

colibr
ar
sa

dolphin - el delfn
donkey - el burro
dove - la paloma
dragon - el dragn
dragonfly -
duck - el pato
duckling - el patito
eagle - el gu
earthworm - lombriz de tie
eel - la anguila
egg - el huevo
elephant - el elefante
elk - alce
farm - la granja
feather - la plu
fin - la aleta
fish - el pez, el pesca
fish bowl - la pece
to fish - pescar
fishing rod - caa d
flamingo - el flame
fly - la mosca
fox - el zorro
frog - la rana
gazelle - la gace
giraffe - la jirafa
goat - la cabra
goose - el gans
gorilla - el gorila
grasshopper - el s
hamster - la marm
hedgehog - el erizo
hen - la gallina
hippopotamus - el hipop
hive - la colmena
hog - el cerdo
honeycomb - el pan
horn - el cuerno
hornet - avispn
horse - el caballo
horseshoe - la herradura
hummingbird - el
hyena - la hiena
hoof - el casco
insect - el insecto
jaguar - el jagu
jay - el arrendajo
jellyfish - la medu
kangaroo - el canguro
kitten - el gatito
koala - el koala
ladybug - la mariquita
lamb - el cordero
lion - el len
lizard - la lagartija
23
llama - la llama
lobster - la langosta
amut
ena
o
nstruo
lce
squito, el zancudo
ariposa nocturna
clero
rangutn
za
pagayo
l
no
o

ichn


rinoceronte
a
o
jo
ta
o de mar
rnero

eto


rpiente
a
macaw - el guacamayo
mammal - el mamfero
mammoth - el m
marsupial - el marsupial
mermaid - la sir
monkey - el mon
monster - el mo
moose - el a
mosquito - el mo
moth - la polilla/la m
mouse el ratn
muskrat el ratn almiz
mutt - el bobo
nandu - and
nest - el nido
net - la red
newt - el tritn
octopus - el pulpo
orangutan - el o
ostrich - el avestruz
otter - la nutria
owl - el bho, la lechu
parrot - el loro, el pa
peacock - el pavo rea
penguin - el pingi
pet - el animal domstic
pig - el cerdo
pigeon la paloma/p
pupa - la crislida
puppy - el cachorro
quail - la codorniz
quetzal - el quetzal
rabbit - el conejo
raccoon - el mapache
rat - la rata
reindeer - el reno
rhinoceros - el
roach - la cucarach
roadrunner - el correcamin
robin - el petirro
rooster - el gallo
scorpion - el alacrn
sea gull - la gavio
seahorse - caballit
seal - la foca
shark - el tiburn
sheep - la oveja, ca
shell - concha
shrimp - el camaron
skeleton - el esquel
skull - el crneo
snail - el caracol
snake - la culebra/la se
spider - la ara
24
squid - el calamar
onja
lla
a
walrus
e araa
whale - la ballena
wolf - el lobo
woodpecker - el pjaro carpintero
worm - el gusano
yak - yac
zebra - la cebra






Family - Familia
padres

ons, sons and daughters, or children - los hijos
rother - hermano
ister - hermana
brothers, or brothers and sisters - los hermanos
godfather - padrino
ife - esposa
sponge - la esp
squirrel - la ardi
stable - el establo
stingray - raya
swan - el cisne
tadpole - el renacuajo
tail - la cola
tern - golondrina
tiger - el tigre
toad - el sapo
toucan - el toucan
trunk - la trompa
turtle - la tortug
unicorn - el unicornio
vulture - el buitre
walrus - el
wasp - la avispa
weasel - comadreja
web - telaraa, tela d
zoo - el parque zoolgico
oologist - zologo z

father - pap
mother - mam
father - el padre
mother - la madre
fathers or parents - los
son - hijo
daughter - hija
s
b
s
godmother - madrina
husband - esposo
w



25
Relationships



Estoy enamorado/estoy enamorada - I am in love
t
etheart
ard to you

angry?
s? - Do you love me?
am jealous
damente - I adore you passionately
e quiero con toda mi alma - I love you with all my soul
uireme o me muero! - Love me or I shall die!
res mi hroe/herona - You are my hero/heroine
ffection
fectionately
on amor - With love
esos - Kisses

rado
edo
pado
cuidadoso
dente, cauteloso, cauto;
al;
ador
l

o, chiflado
Tengo novio - I have a boyfriend, sweethear
Tengo novia - I have a girlfriend, swe
Te mando una carta - I send a c
Le mando una carta - I send a card to her/him
Querido J uan - Dear J ohn
Querida Mara - Dear Mary
Por qu no me escribes? - Why don't you write to me?
Te echo de menos - I miss you
Me echas de menos? - Do you miss me?
Ests enfadada? - Are you
Te quiero. Te amo - I love you
Me quieres? Me ama
Estoy celoso - I
Te adoro apasiona
T
Q
E
Con cario - With a
ariosamente - Af C
C
B
Abrazos - Hugs



Personality



ambitious - ambicioso
annoying - pesado
argumentative, quarrelsome - discutidor
bad-tempered - malhumo
big-headed - credo, engr
bitchy - de mala leche, venenoso;
brave - valiente
cantankerous - cascarrabias
carefree - despreocu
careless - descuidado, poco
cautious - pru
charming - encantador
cheerful - alegre, jovi
conceited, full of oneself - presumido
conservative - conserv
conventional - convenciona
cowardly - cobarde
crazy, nuts - loc
26
cruel - cruel
dull, boring - soso, aburrido
oqueta
le, simptico, agradable


) malo, travieso (nios)
cerrada, intolerante
titud abierta, sin prejuicios
la que se puede confiar
seguro de s mismo: tener confianza en s mismo
nte;
shy, introverted - tmido, vergonzoso - introvertido
strict - estricto, severo, riguroso
tubborn - terco, testarudo, tozudo
ympathetic (understanding) - comprensivo
lkative - conversador, hablador
ustworthy - digno de confianza
o
trao





- orange


flirtatious - c
friendly - amigab
generous - generoso
hard-working - trabajador
honest - honesto
kind - amable
laid-back - tranquilo, relajado
lazy - perezoso, vago
loyal - fiel
mean - tacao
modest - modesto
moody - de humor cambiante
naive - ingenuo, inocentn
naughty - (children
narrow-minded - de mentalidad
open-minded - de ac
pious - piadoso
polite - corts, educado
proud - orgulloso
reliable - fiable, confiable: es una persona en
self-confident: to be self-confident
selfish - egosta
sensible - sensato, prude
sensitive - sensible
s
s
ta
tr
two-faced, false - fals
eird - raro, ex w



Colours

amarillo - yellow
anaranjado
azul - blue
blanco - white
dorado - golden
gris - gray
marrn - brown
27
negro - black
prpura - purple
rojo - red
rosado - pink
verde - green
beige, beis - beige
- chocolate-colored
rald
ustard-colored
aja - straw-colored
rquesa - turquoise

What is your favorite colour? - Cul es tu color favorito?
anges depending on the number and gender of what's being described:
rillo. (I have one yellow car.) Tiene dos coches amarillos. (He has two
ellow cars.) Tienes una flor amarilla. (You have a yellow flower.) Tenemos diez flores
have ten yellow flowers.)
Body parts
cereza - cherry-colored
chocolate
esmerelda - eme
grana - dark red
humo - smoky
lila - lilac
malva - mauve
mostaza - m
naranja - orange
oro - gold
p
rosa - pink
tu
violeta violet

What color is it? - Que color es este?

Note that the form ch
Tengo un coche ama
y
amarillas. (We



arm - el brazo
28
back - la espalda
backbone - la columna vertebral
eso
l pecho
s nalgas
a
la oreja
o
a

knee - la rodilla

o
bro
omen) - el vientre
gan) - el estmago

brain - el cerebro, el s
breast, chest - e
buttocks - la
calf - la pantorrill
ear - el odo,
elbow - el cod
eye - el ojo
finger - el dedo
foot - el pie
hair - el pelo
hand - la mano
head - la cabez
heart - el corazn
hip - la cadera
intestine - el intestino
leg - la pierna
liver - el hgado
mouth - la boca
muscle - el msculo
neck - el cuell
nose - la nariz
penis - el pene
shoulder - el hom
skin - la piel
stomach (abd
stomach (internal or
thigh - el muslo
throat - la garganta
29
toe - el dedo
tongue - la lengua


/abotargada
angelical
egordete
mofletudo
- una cara rechoncha, regordete, gordinflona
a un rostro curtido
cial
cha de nacimiento
s
eria
onriente
a alegre
-faced - lampio
nger/heat) - ponerse colorado/rojo
onrojarse/ruborizarse
tooth - el diente, la muela
vagina - la vagina
Physical appearance
He has blue eyes =tiene los ojos azules
He is bald =Es calvo
face - la cara/el rostro
facial features - rasgos
she has a thin face - tiene la/una cara delgada
an oval face - una cara ovalada
round face - una cara redonda
clean-shaven - bien afeitado
inchada/abotagada bloated face - una cara h
cherubic face - una cara
a cara r chubby face - un
chubby-cheeked -
chubby/podgy face
he had a weather-beaten face - ten
fting, un estiramiento fa face lift - un li
she has freckles - tiene pecas, es pecosa
spots/pimples - granos
blackheads - espinillas
moles - lunares
warts - verrugas
wrinkles - arugas
rosy cheeks - mejillas sonrosadas
acne - acne
birthmark - un antojo/una man
double chin - una papada
ndida hollow cheeks - las mejillas hu
dimple - un hoyuelo
smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampio
deadpan face - una cara de pquer/de palo
doleful face - una cara compungida
iste sad face - una cara tr
serious face - una cara s
cara s smiling face - una
happy face - una car
smooth-cheeked/smooth
e (with a go red in the fac
go red/to blush (with embarassment) - s
o he looks worried parece preocupad
frightened asustado
surprised sorprendido
smile una sonrisa
smirk una sonrisita
frown el ceo fruncido
nose =la nariz
30
bulbous nose - una nariz protuberante
h
b
ooked nose - una nariz aguilea
ig nose - una nariz grande
rned-up/snub nose - una nariz respingona
pointed nose - una nariz puntiaguda
flat nose/a pug nose - una nariz chata
lopsided nose - una nariz ladeada/torcida
am) - una napia
s/to snort - resoplar/bufar
er in Spanish use "hace" and "hay"instead of English "to be"
tu
a
a
a
a hooter/conk (f
flare your nostril



Weather

When talking about the weath

It is sunny - Hace sol
It is hot - Hace calor
It is very windy - Hace / Hay mucho viento



Talking about weather

whats the weather like? - "qu tiempo hace?" or "cmo est el tiempo?"
tomorrow will be dry - maana har tiempo seco
lds out - esperemos que no nos falle el tiempo
looks like it's going to rain - parece que va a llover
e bad weather is still with us - seguimos con mal tiempo
with a bit of rain - al jardn le vendra bien que lloviera un poco
re on holiday - esperamos tener buen tiempo
es
of the weather - no me gusta cmo se est poniendo el tiempo
thunderclap - un trueno
n cielo/da despejado
acero
theres been a change in the weather - ha cambiado el tiempo
lets hope the weather ho
the weather spoiled our plans - el tiempo nos estrope los planes
it
th
the garden could do
you get better weather on the south coast - en la costa sur hace mejor tiempo;
po weather permitting - si hace buen tiem
d weather while we were hoping for goo
ion durante las vacac
I dont like the look

breeze - una brisa
clap of thunder, a
clear sky/day - u
clear up - despejar
climate - el clima
cloud - una nube
cloudburst - un chaparrn
cloudburst - un chaparrn, un agu
cold front - un frente fro
damp - hmedo
31
degree - grado
depression - una depresin atmosfrica, una borrasca
bin
(nm) - llovizna / lloviznar
- un relmpago
o
ientos de fuerza nueve
daval
inds - los vientos de tormenta
racha
, las piedras de granizo
ay un rayo
calor
stabilidad
t nublado
do

o
lloviendo
e aguanieve
est nevado
toso
e fresquito hoy
de nieve
e bajas/altas presiones
s aislados
ubasco
ieve f.
e aguanieve
dew - el roco , el sereno
downpour - un chaparrn, un tur
drizzle / to drizzle
flash of lightning
flashes of lightning - un relampague
flood - una inundacin
flood (v) - inundar
fog -la niebla
force nine gale - v
forked lightning - una culebrina
frost - escarcha
frost (v) - helar
frosty night - una noche de helada
gale - un viento fuerte, una ven
gale-force w
gust of wind - una
hail (v) - granizar
hailstones - los granizos
hailstorm - una granizada
haziness - la nebulosidad, lo neblinoso
he was struck by lightning - le c
heat wave - una ola de
hot - clido
humid - hmedo
humidity - la humedad
hurricane - un huracn
instability/changeability - ine
its cloudy - hace nubes or es
its drizzling - est lloviznan
its foggy - hay niebla
its frosty - est helado
its hot - hace calor
its misty - hay neblina
its muggy / clammy / close - est abochornad
its raining - est
its sleeting - ca
its snowing -
its sunny - hace sol
its windy - hace viento, est ven
It's chilly today - hac
light covering of snow - una fina capa
low/high-pressure - d
mist - la neblina
rain (v) - llover
rain -la lluvia
scattered showers - chubasco
sea breeze - una brisa marina
sea mist - la bruma
shower - un chaparrn, un ch
sleet - aguan
sleet showers - chubascos d
snow - la nieve
snow (v) - nevar
snowball - una bola de nieve
32
storm - una tormenta, un temporal
tormentoso
rayo
a
y - abochornarse
rain cats and dogs - llover a cntaros
ride out the storm - capear el temporal
cia
tiempo revuelto
ather - el tiempo
ather forecast - la previsin del tiempo para maana

spanish there are three different kinds of regular verbs, these can be characterized by the
ge by the word to: to be, to have, to learn, to
s of english verbs. The following table lists the
ples for each.
lamar comer abrir
abro
abres
come abre
os comemos abrimos
rs
ren
o voy hago estoy
vas haces ests
stormy day - un da
streak of lightning - un
sun - el sol
sunny day - un da soleado
sunny spell - un claro
sunstroke - insolacin
temperature - la temperatur
thaw - un deshielo
thaw (v) - deshelar
thunder - los truenos
thundercloud - un nubarrn
to become mugg
to
to
turbulence - la turbulen
unsettled weather - un
we
we
weather vane - una veleta
wind - el viento


Grammar

Regular Verbs


In
ending of the infinitive.

-ar -er -ir

An infinative is represented in the english langua
speak, and to buy. These are all infinitive form
conjugation for these Regular Verbs, with exam

l
yo llamo como
tu llamas comes
el/ella llama
nosotros llamam
vosotros llamis comis ab
ellos/ellas llaman comen ab


Irregular Verbs

Present Tense

ir hacer estar
y
tu
33
el / ella va
osotros va
hace est
mos hacemos estamos
sotros vais hacis estis
ote: For more info about verbs look under: Tenses
rticles
he definite article (artculo definido) agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies
tas
El amor es una fuerza irresistible (Love is an irresistible force)
) with nouns used in a general sense: Prefiero los caballos (I prefer horses)
eor Garca est aqu (Mr. Garcia is here) but
uenos das, seor Garca (Hello, Mr. Garcia)
ote: Do not confuse the neuter article lo with the masculine singular direct object pronoun
nd una for the
minine singular. It agrees with the noun it modifies: un mdico bueno (a good doctor); una
ngua bella (a beautiful language). The plural forms unos and unas mean some or a few:
engo unos libros buenos (I have some good books); Dnos unas naranjas, por favor (Give
s some oranges, please).
nine nouns beginning with a stressed a sound use the masculine definite article
he nouns in Spanish can have either of 2 genders (gnero): masculine (masculino) or
ender
n
vo
ellos / ellas van hacen estn

N


A

T
and has four forms:

Masculine el (singular) los (plural)
Feminine la (singular) las (plural)

Examples: el ro (the river); los refrescos (the refreshments); la guitarra (the guitar); las fal
(the mistakes).

Definite articles are often used in Spanish where English would omit them, for example:

1) with abstract nouns:
2
3) with parts of the body and articles of clothing: Tengo el brazo roto (I have a broken arm)
4) with titles, except in direct address: El s
B

Neuter article (artculo neutro) lo can be used before an adjective (or a past participle used
adjectivally) to make it function as a noun: lo humano (that which is human); lo dicho (that
which has been said).

N
lo: Lo vi en la calle (I saw it in the street).

The indefinite article (artculo indefinido): un for the masculine singular a
fe
le
T
u

ote:For femi N
in the singular e.g.: El alma es un fin, no un medio (The soul is an end, not a means); but
erse inmortales (Souls long to become immortal). Las almas quieren hac




Gender

T
feminine (femenino).


The gender of many nouns can be determined by their meaning or their ending. The g
34
of other nouns must be learned individually. The best way to memorize the gender of words
to memorize the article when learning a new word.
chica (the girl) feminine
l hombre (the man) masculine
but watch out for
xceptions:
and masculine nouns ending in -ma (of Greek
erivation): el idioma (the language); el poema (the poem); el clima (the climate).
l polica mat a tiros al ladrn (The policeman gunned down the thief); La actriz se vea
obre y sin amigos (The actress found herself poor and friendless).
unista (a
ommunist); un pianista ( pianist).
ouns ending in -ad, -ud, -in are feminine: la ciudad (the city); la juventud (youth); la
lla compr una casa bonita (She bought a pretty house).
lural nouns of mixed gender take the masculine: Los nios estn enfermos (The children
gender of every noun is important not only for the noun itself, but for the
elling and pronunciation of the words it influences in a sentence: adjectives, articles,
he plural of nouns and adjectives is regularly formed by adding -s to words ending in a
ending in a consonant: Tiene los ojos negros (He has dark eyes);
e cuna (I prefer lullabies).
e light); Desde
of the city).

here are only two contractions (contracciones) in Spanish: al and del.
is


la
e

In general masculine nouns end in -o and feminine nouns end in -a;
e

el da (the day), la mano (the hand),
d


E
p

Nouns ending in -ista are masculine, unless referring to a woman: un com
c

N
direccin (the address).


In Spanish, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles are gender-related.

E

P
are ill).

nowing the K
sp
participles, and pronouns. They agree in the gender and in the number with the noun.



Plurals

T
vowel and -es to words
Prefiero las canciones d

Words ending with z change to c in the plural: Encienda la luz (Turn on th
m here we can see the lights aqu podemos ver las luces de la ciudad (Fro



ontractions C


T
Al =a (to, for, at by) +el (masculine article)
35

Vamos al mercado (Let's go to the store); Al entrar en la clase, la profesora comenz a
ablar (Upon entering the classroom, the professor began to speak).
ith) +el (masculine article): Qu piensas del nuevo profesor? (What
new teacher?).
lo doy a
n adjective (adjetivo) agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.
s).
g
acho francs (a French boy); una muchacha francesa (a French girl); un baile
e and feminine:
n hombre joven (a young man), una mujer joven (a young woman); unos bailes populares
opular songs).
vioso (a
eral sense:
alms to a poor man); but El pobre
ombre est con un pie en la fosa (The poor guy has one foot in the grave).
s verdes hojas (the green leaves);
) point out, limit or quantify: este hombre (this man); su marido (her husband);
(less hot); dos lecciones (two lessons).

any adverbs (adverbios) are formed from adjectives, by adding the suffix -mente to the
minine singular form: Ella es muy rica (She is very rich); Est ricamente vestida (She is
chly dressed).
In a series of adverbs, only the last one takes the -mente suffix, while the other adverbs
h

Del =de (of, from, w
o you think of the d

Note: The preposition a and de does not contract with the personal pronoun l: Se
l (I give it to him).



Adjectives


A
Like nouns, adjectives generally end in -o for the masculine (plural -os) and -a for the
feminine (plural -as): un libro bueno (a good book); muchos estudiantes (many students);
una costumbre francesa (a French custom); otras habitaciones (other room

Some adjectives whose masculine singular ends in a consonant form the feminine by addin
-a: un much
encantador (a charming dance); una cancin encantadora (a charming song).

Other adjectives ending in a consonant have the same form for both masculin
u
(some popular dances), unas canciones populares (some p

In Spanish adjectives are used usually after the nouns t(unlike English): un da llu
rainy day).
When used before the noun, such adjectives change meaning, acquiring a less lit
Hay que dar limosna a un hombre pobre (One must give
h

Adjectives precede the nouns they modify whenever they:

1) express an essential or characteristic quality: la dulce miel (the sweet honey;
la
2
menos caliente


Adjectives can be used as nouns, in which case they take a definite article: Los
ricos tambin tienen sus problemas (Rich people have their problems, too). Adjectives are
d adverbially: Vive feliz en la ciudad (He lives happily in the city). occasionally use


Adverbs


M
fe
ri

36
have the form of femin
learly, quickly and co
ine adjectives: Escribe clara, rpida y correctamente (She writes
rrectly).
s (more) or menos (less): Esta leccin es ms fcil (This lesson is easier); Lo puedo
ily).
the easiest one).
ive
ative of a noun is expressed by mejor (best) and peor (worst) preceded by the
ppropriate definite article: la mejor respuesta (the best answer).
he absolute sperlative (superlativo absoluto) of an adjective indicates a high degree of
ome quality, rather than a comparison.
suffix -simo/a to the adjective or adverb: Es una mujer riqusima
lthy woman); Esta riqusimamente vestida (She is very richly
er and estar both mean to be. Ser is used to express what something is, while estar
xpresses where or how it is: Nosotros ramos buenos amigos (We were good friends);
(Michael is in the office); Pablo est enfermo (Paul is sick).
Te sientes bien? (Do you feel okay?).
he polite form of the second person pronoun is usted (plural ustedes for both masculine
nd feminine). It derives from the phrase Vuestra Merced (Your Grace), and is therefore
bbreviated either Vd. or Ud. (plural Vds. or Uds.). Although it indicates the second person
is conjugated with third person verb forms (English "he/she/it"). This
c





Comparison


The comparative (comparativo) of an adjective or adverb is formed by preceding it with
m
hacer ms fcilmente (I can do it more eas

The superlative (superlativo) of an adjective is formed by adding the definite article to
the comparative form: Esta leccin es la ms fcil (This lesson is

The superlative of an adverb is expressed by adding the neuter article lo to the comparat

form: lo ms fcilmente (the most easily).

The superl
a

T
s
It is formed by adding the
She is an extremely wea (
dressed).




Ser and Estar

S
e
Miguel est en la oficina

Estar is also used with the present participle to form the progressive tenses, present and
past. Examples: J uan est estudiando (J ohn is studying); Ellos estaban bailando el tango
(They were dancing the Tango).


T and Usted

T (the plural vosotros/as is used exclusively in Spain) is the second person pronoun
(English "you"). It is used for the familiar form of address when speaking to family members,
close friends, children and pet animals:

T
a
a
mode of address, usted
37
lends a respectful sense of distance to the conversation: Sigue Ud. estudiando el espaol?
o you continue studying Spanish?).
iciones) are the connecting words that show the relationships between
e. Nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, gerunds or noun clauses can be the
sitions:
s in Spanish include the following:
acia toward
obre over
as after
amos a Madrid. We are going to Madrid.
iene con su hermano. - She's coming with her brother.
uiero gasolina sin plomo. - I want unleaded gasoline.
s, phrases and clauses together.
sed conjunction in Spanish is y (and).
da y con su pluma
sword and his pen)
onjunctions:
or
i nor
ero but
(D




Prepositions



Prepositions (prepos
s in nc word the sente
complement of the prepo

ple pr on Sim epositi

a to, at
con with
contra against
de of, from
e ce desd from, sin
durante during
en in, on
ntre between e
h
hasta until
para for, in order to
por for, by
in without s
s
tr


V
V
Q



Conjunctions



onjunctions (conjunciones) join word C

The most commonly u
spa con su e
(with his


Other commonly used c

o
n
p
38



Interjections



An interjection (interjeccin) is a word or expression. Interjections are rarely used in formal or
n print interjection is usually followed by exclamation mark or a coma:
h each interjection uses in front and ! at the end of the word:
y! -oh!, ouch! por Dios! -for goodness sakes!
o compro suteres en el Rastro.
os nios en la escuela reciclan las latas. (noun phrase)
ool recycle the cans.)
y los muchachos de Pamplona corren rapidamente. (noun clauses)
e boys of Pamplona run fast.)
f the verb of action and direct or
direct object:
lefante is a direct object of the present tense verb ve.
Adjectives
djectives (adjetivos posesivos) are:
business writing. I
Note that in Spanis


a



Sentences



A sentence consists of the subject (the topic of the sentence) and the predicate (what is said
about the subject).

Y
(I buy sweaters in the Rastro.)

Yo (I) is the subject of the sentence and compro suteres (buy sweaters) is the predicate.

The most common forms of subject are nouns and pronouns Noun phrase and noun clause
may be the subject of a sentence:

L
(The children in the sch
Los toros de Pamplona
(The bulls of Pamplone and th

The most common form of predicate is one consisting o
in


La nia ve el elefante.
(The girl sees the elephant.)

E




Possessive


The possessive a


39
mi or mo/a - my
tu or tuyo/a - your
su or suyo/a -his, her, its
u or suyo/a - their
ll these forms add -s to form the plural. They agree in gender and number with the noun:
is libros (my books); nuestras cosas (our things).
n, a definite article is regularly
sed instead of a possessive adjective: Tiene algo en la mano (He has something in his
and); Pngase Ud. los zapatos (Put on your shoes).
bres posesivos) are formed by adding the appropriate
e possessive adjective:
l mo, la ma, los mos, las mas (mine)
l tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas (yours)
tra, etc. (yours)
l suyo, la suya, etc. (theirs)
ossessive pronouns, like possessive adjectives, agree with the thing possessed rather than
asa y la nuestra (their
ste esta estos estas (this)
ros
something near the speaker; ese refers to something at a distance from the
nuestro/a - our
vuestro/a - your
s

Possessive adjectives have a short form when they precede the noun and a longer form
when they follow it: mis amigos (my friends); una amiga ma (a female friend of mine).

A
m


Note: When referring to clothing, parts of the body, and so o
u
h



The possessive pronouns (pronom
definite article to the long form of th


e
e
el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (his, hers its)
el nuestro, la nuestra, etc. (ours)
el vuestro, la vues

e


P
with the possessor: tus cartas y las mas (your letters and mine); su c
ouse and ours). h


Demonstrative Adjectives


The DEMONSTRATIVE ADJ ECTIVES (adjetivos demostrativos) are:


Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Singular Singular Plural Plural
e
ese esa esos esas (that)
aquel aquella aquellos aquellas (that)


Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify: estos lib
(these books); esa bicicleta (that bicycle); aquellos edificios (those buildings).

Este refers to
40
speaker but in the vicinity of the person spoken to; aquel refers to something at a distance
on't like this table; I want that one
ver there).
trative pronouns esto, eso and aquello do not have written accents since
demonstrative adjectives with which they might be confused. They
lways refer to a general idea, a situation, or an indefinite thing, and never have a specific
ns
ronouns (pronombres personales) have different forms depending on whether
ey are the subject (sujeto), direct object (objeto directo) or indirect object (
ind ecto).
UBJ ECT:
n:
o - I
n (familiar)
- you
you (plural)
rson (polite)

ou (plural)
llas they
ote: Subject pronouns (with the exception of Ud.) are regularly omitted, since they can be
educed from the conjugated verb forms: Traigo los refrescos (I'm bringing the soft drinks);
ienes razn (You're right). When the subject pronouns are used, it is in order to emphasize
r clarify: Yo quiero hacer eso (I want to do that myself); Ella cantaba mientras l tocaba la
hile he played the guitar).
from both the speaker and the listener.

The demonstrative pronouns (pronombres demostrativos) are formed by adding a written
accent to the demonstrative adjectives. They agree in gender and number with the nouns
the represent: No prefiero esta mesa; quiero aqulla (I d
o

The neuter demons
here are no neuter t
a
noun antecedent: Qu es esto? (What's this?); La casa es muy pequea, y l no quiere
eso (The house is very little, and he doesn't want that).


Pronou


The personal p
th
objeto ir

S


First perso

Y
nosotros/as - we

Second perso

t
vosotros/as

Second pe

usted - you
Udstedes y

Third Person

l - he, it
ellos - they
ella -she
e

N
d
T
o
guitarra (She sang w



41



DIRECT OBJ ECT:
econd person (familiar)
(you) os (you)
rson (polite)
, la (you) los, las (you)
Person
los (them)
(her, it) las (them)
ote: in parts of Spain, le is often used instead of lo for the direct object pronoun meaning
irst person:
e (me) nos (us)
econd person (familiar)
(you) os (you)
econd person (polite)
s and present participles, and must be attached to affirmative commands: Lo escribo
n espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Quiero escribirlo en espaol or Lo quiero escribir en
spaol (I want to write it in Spanish); Estoy escribindolo en espaol or Lo estoy
scribiendo en espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Escrbalo Ud. en ingls (Write it in
indirect object is given first. The indirect
hony) to se before lo, la, los and las:


First person:

me (me) nos (us)




S

te

Second pe

le

Third

lo (him, it)
la


N
him.

INDIRECT OBJ ECT:


F

m

S

te

S

le (you) les (you)

Third Person

le (him, her, it) les (them)

Object pronouns (direct and indirect) usually precede the verb, but can be attached to
infinitive
e
e
e
English). When a verb has two object pronouns, the
object pronouns le and les change (for reasons of eup
42
Deseo drselo a ellos (I want to give it to them); Se lo quiero enviar a ella (I want to send it
her).
eflexive Pronouns and Verbs
ronombres reflexivos) are:
(myself) nos (ourselves)
n (familiar)
(yourself) os (yourselves)
te)
English, but usually
ey cannot be translated in isolation from the verb: Me lavo (I wash myself); Me acuesto
eflexive pronouns normally precede the conjugated verb, but are attached to the infinitive,
mands: Quiero lavarme (I want to wash up); Estoy
e Uds. (Wash yourselves).
e used in a reciprocal sense, meaning each other: Nos
escriben todos los das (They write each other every day).
repositional Pronouns
s are:
(me) nosotros/as (us)
to



R


The reflexive pronouns (p


First person:

me


Second perso

te


Second person (poli

se (yourself) se (yourselves)


Third Person

se (him, her, itself) se (themselves)

Reflexive pronouns are always used with reflexive verbs (verbs expressing an action whose
subject is also its object, i.e. where the doer acts upon himself). Sometimes the literal
meaning of the reflexive pronouns (myself, etc.) can be translated into
th
muy tarde (I go to bed very late); Me quejo del trabajo (I complain about the work); Me
acuerdo de eso (I remember that); Ya me voy (I'm going away now).

R
the present participle, and affirmative com
vndome (I am washing myself); Lvens la

The reflexive pronouns can also b
mamos (we love each other); Se a


P


The prepositional pronoun


First person:

m
43


Second person (familiar)
(you) vosotros/as (you)
son (polite)
d. (you) Uds.(you)
it) ellos (them)
Reflexive


l
he neuter pronoun ello is used instead of lo after a preposition, when reference is being
ade to a general idea that has already been expressed: Tendrs buen xito; no hay
inguna duda de ello (You'll be successful; there's no doubt about it).
and s combine with the preposition con (with) to become
onmigo, contigo and consigo: Quieres ir conmigo? (Do you want to come with me?); Lo
elative pronouns (pronombres relativos) introduce a subordinate clause and replace
ject
mmon relative pronoun is que: El hombre que est hablando es un amigo mo
The man who is talking is a friend of mine); La leccin que estudias es muy fcil (The
a
reigner).

t


Second per

U


Third Person

l (him,



s (him/her/it/yourself, themselves/yourselves)

Neuter

ello
Prepositional pronouns are the object of the preposition that they follow: Es demasiado difci
para m (It's too difficult for me); No podemos hacerlo sin ella (We can't do it without her).

T
m
n

he prepositional pronouns m, t T
c
trae consigo (He's bringing it with him).



Relative Pronouns


R
something mentioned earlier in the sentence. They can function as either subject or ob
pronouns without any change in form.

The most co
(
lesson that you're studying is quite simple).

After a preposition, que is used as the relative pronoun for things, quien or quienes for
persons: La habitacin en que vivo es muy cmoda (The room in which I live is very cosy);
La mujer de quien hablabas es extranjera (The woman about whom you were speaking is
fo

The compound relative pronouns el/la que (plural los/las que) or el/la cual (pl. los/las cuales)
44
are used interchangeably after prepositions of more than one syllable, or to avoid confusion
nd ambiguity: Estos son mis libros, entre los que hay un diccionario de bolsillo (These are
n,
dice lo que piensa (He always says what he thinks); Me habl de sus problemas, lo
ual no me gust (He spoke to me about his troubles, which didn't please me).
n cuyo/a (plural cuyos/as) usually functions as an adjective meaning
It can refer to both persons and things, and always agrees in gender and
umber with the thing possessed rather than with the possessor: Te acuerdas de la nia
e distinguished by their written accents.
r
soul?); Cules son tus libros favoritos?
hich are your favorite books?). Used in that way, qu and cul are interrogative pronouns.
hen an interrogative adjective is required, qu is used for both senses (what? and which?):
Qu das vas al hipdromo? (Which days do you go to the racetrack?).
ote: Interrogatives are also used in indirect questions, where a question is referred to
ithout being directly asked: No s quin es (I don't know who she is). The direct question
as Quin es esa mujer? (Who is that woman?).
y words (exclamaciones) also have written accents. The most common one is
u...! used in front of an adjective, adverb or noun: Qu casa! (What a house!); Qu
elicioso! (How delicious!); Qu fcilmente lo haces t! (How easily you do it!). In literary
a
my books, among which there is a pocket dictionary); Ayer fu al cine con la madre de J ua
la cual es francesa (Yesterday I went to the cinema with J ohn's mother, who is French).

The neuter forms lo que and lo cual are used when the antecedent is a general idea:
Siempre
c

The relative pronou
hose or of which. w
n
cuyos padres la abandonaron? (Do you remember the little girl whose parents abandoned
her?).


Questions


Interrogatives (interrogativos) ask a question, and ar
The most common interrogatives are:


Quin? (Who?) Cuntos? (How many?)
Qu? (What) Dnde? (Where?)
Cul? (Which?) Por qu? (Why?)
Cmo? (How?) Para qu? (Why?)
Cunto?(How much?) Cundo? (When?)


Qu asks for a definition or description (what?), while cul (plural cules) asks for a choice o
distinction (which?): Qu es el alma? (What is the
(W
W

N
w
w








Exclamations



Exclamator
Q
d
45
usage, Cun...! may replace Qu...!: Cun fcilmente lo haces t!
e follows a noun in this construction, it is preceded by ms (most) or tan
o): Qu casa ms bonita! (What a pretty house!); Qu nios tan alegres! (What happy

ada (nothing) jams (never)
verb is negated by placing no in front of it: No s (I don't know). When there is an object
ronoun in front of the verb, no is placed before the object pronoun: No lo veo (I don't see it).
e standard in Spanish: No veo a nadie en la calle (I don't see anybody in
o ni papel ni pluma (I don't have either paper or pen). Negatives are
lso used in comparisons: Ella escribe mejor que nadie (She writes better than anybody);

hen the direct object of a verb is a person or a domestic animal, it is preceded by the
no English equivalent: Veo a mi amigo (I
st look for the dog); No invito a nadie (I'm
ot inviting anyone).
a friend).
gati
panish verbs belong to one of three conjugations (conjugaciones) which can be
istinguished by the endings of the infinitive forms.
lar (to talk)
econd Conjugation -er: comer (to eat)
hird Conjugation -ir: vivir (to live)

hen an adjectiv W
(s
children!).



Negation


The most common negatives (negativos) are:



no (no, not) nunca (never)
n
nadie (nobody) tampoco (neither)
ninguno/a (not any) ni...ni (neither...nor)


A
p

Double negatives ar
he street); No teng t
a
Ahora lo necesito ms que nunca (Now I need it more than ever).



ersonal A P


W
personal a (la preposicin personal a) which has
ee my friend); Hay que buscar al perro (We mu s
n

The personal a is not used, however, with the verb tener: Tengo un amigo (I have


Verb Conju ons: Tenses


S
d


First Conjugation -ar: hab
S
T


46


The form of a verb depends on:


1) its conjugation group
2) its tense (time reference) and mood (intent)
and number of its subject
ple tenses (tiempos simples):
. Present - presente:
ablo (I talk)
. Future - futuro:
ablars (you will talk)
. Imperfect - pretrito imperfecto:
ablaba (she used to talk)
. Preterite - pretrito indefinido:
(tiempos compuestos):
. Present perfect - prterito perfecto:
o:
. Plusperfect or past perfect - pretrito pluscuamperfecto:
anterior - pretrito anterior:
ube comido (I had eaten)
) in Spanish:
. Indicative - indicativo:
3) the person

Spanish has four sim


1

h

2

h

3

h

4

hablaron (they talked)



There are also four compound tenses


1

hemos comido (we have eaten)

2. Future perfect - futuro perfect

habris comido (you all will have eaten)


3

haban comido (they had eaten)

4.Preterite perfect or past

h


There are four moods (modos

1
To express a fact:

47
Est en el banco (It's in the bank)

2. Subjanctive - subjuntivo:
To express a wish, an emotional attitude, or a doubt:
iento que no venga Ud. (I'm sorry you're not coming)
t that you'll come)
. Conditional - potencial or condicional:
f would:
uan no lo hara as (J ohn wouldn't do it that way)
enga Ud. (Come!)
ons: Person and Number
(persona) and number (nmero) with its subject (the doer of the
erstood without being expressed by a noun or pronoun.
. Singular:
o) veo a J uan (I see J ohn)
. Plural :
ork)
Tienen Uds. dinero? (Do you all have money?)
mer (They want to eat)
speaker, second person is the one spoken to,
and third person is the one spoken about.

1. First person
a teacher)


Quiero que Ud. venga (I want you to come)
S
Dudo que venga Ud. (I doub

3
expressing the idea o

J

4. Imperative - imperativo:
xpressing a direct command: e

V



Verb Conjugati



A finite verb agrees in person
action), even when the subject is und

There are two numbers:

1

(Y
(T) debes hacerlo (You must do it)
Ud. tiene razn (You're right)
(Ella) quiere a su gato (She loves her cat)


2

(Nosotros) vemos el cielo (We see the sky)
(Vosotros) debis trabajar (You all should w

(Ellos) quieren co



There are three persons: First person is the

(Yo) soy maestro (I'm

(Nosotros) somos alumnos (We are pupils)
48



. Second person
(T) eres guapo (You are good-looking) - singular
Ud. es muy amable (You are very kind) singular, polite form
Uds. son muy amables (You all are very kind) plural, polite form
OTE: The usted/ustedes (polite you) form of address is second person but uses third
pectful distance on the part of the speaker.

3. Third person
is hard-working)



(prese is formed by removing the infinitive ending (
dding the verb stem. There is a different set of
ersonal endings for each of the three conjugations:
irst conjugation (habl-ar)
abl-o (I talk) habl-amos (we talk)
lk)

-er)

eat)
)
iv-es (you live) viv-s (you live)
iv-e (she lives) viv-en (they live)

2


(Vosotros) sois feos (You all are ugly) - plural




N
person verb forms, which lends an air of res




Ella) es trabajadora (She (

(Ellos) son perezosos (They are lazy)

Present Tense


The present tense nte) of regular verbs
-ar, -er or -ir) and a personal endings to
p

F

h
habl-as (you ta habl-is (you talk)
habl-a (she talks) habl-an (they talk)



Second conjugation (com

com-o (I eat) com-emos (we eat)
com-es (you eat) com-is (you all
com-e (she eats) com-en (they eat


Third conjugation (viv-ir)

viv-o (I live) viv-imos (we live)
v
v
49
The present tense is commonly used in conversation to refer to actions which will take place
Vengo ms tarde (I'll come later). It is sometimes used in literature
nding a sense of immediacy to historical narrative: Corts admira la
ondad y liberalidad del gran Montezuma (Cortez admired the goodness and generosity of

se (futuro) s is formed by adding personal endings to the
he endings ar three conjugations.
ablar-emos (we will talk)
ablar-is (you all will talk)
ablar-n (they will talk)
re time, the future tense can express uncertainty or probability in
e present: Sern las cinco
It must be about five o'clock).
is formed by removing the infinitive
ere is one set of
d by the second (
amos (w were talking)
you all were talking)
ey were talking)
HIRD CONJ UGATION (viv-ir)
iv-a (I used to live) viv-amos (we used to live)
-ais (you all used to live)
-an (they used to live)
he imperfect tense is used to describe a situation in the past, or an action which was
in the immediate future:
o replace the preterite, le t
b
the great Montezuma). This is called the vivid present.



Future Tense


The future ten of regular verb
infinitive. T e the same for all


hablar- (I will talk) comer, vivir, etc.
hablar-s (you will talk)
hablar- (she will talk
h
h
h

n addition to expressing futu I
th
(



Imperfect Tense



The imperfect tense (pretrito imperfecto) of regular verbs
ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. Th
endings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of endings share
-ER) and third (-IR) conjugations.


FIRST CONJ UGATION (habl-ar)
habl-aba (I was talking) habl-b e
habl-abas (you were talking) habl-abais (
habl-aba (she was talking) habl-aban (th
SECOND CONJ UGATION (com-er)
com-a (I was eating) com-amos (we were eating)
com-as (you were eating) com-ais (you all were eating)
com-a (she was eating) com-an (they were eating)
T
v
viv-as (you used to live) viv
viv-a (she used to live) viv
T
ongoing or repeated: Eran las once (it was eleven o'clock); Queramos comer bien (We
wanted to eat well); Todos los das lleg bamos tarde (We used to arrive late every day).


50
Preterite Tense


The Preterite tense (pretrito indefinido) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive
to the verb stem. As with the
st (-AR) conjugation and a second set of
) conjugations.
)
lked)
J UGATION (viv-ir)
iv- (I lived) viv-imos (we lived)
omenz a llover (It began to rain); J uan cen conmigo ayer (J ohn ate supper with me
esterday).
he preterite is also used to indicate an event which took place while another action (in the
perfect tense) was ongoing: Dorma cuando llegu (He was sleeping when I arrived).
he COMPOUND TENSES (tiempos compuestos) are formed with the AUXILIARY VERB (
e PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) of the main verb. The
ses is invariable in form.
ito perfecto) uses the present tense of the auxiliary verb
a comido (she has eaten)
) uses the future tense of the auxiliary verb haber:
she will have eaten)
ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings
fir imperfect tense, there is one set of endings for the
and ird (-IR endings shared by the second (-ER) th


FIRST CONJ UGATION (habl-ar)
mos (we alked habl- (I talked) habl-a t
talked) habl-aste (you habl-asteis (you all ta
habl- (she talked) habl-aron (they talked)
SECOND CONJ UGATION (com-er)
com- (I ate) com-imos (we ate)
com-iste (you ate) com-isteis (you all ate)
com-i (she ate) com-ieron (they ate)
HIRD CON T
v
viv-iste (you lived) viv-isteis (you all lived)
viv-i (she lived) viv-ieron (they lived)
he preterite tense narrates an action with a definite beginnning or ending in the past: T
C
y


T
im



Perfect Tenses


T
verbo auxiliar) haber and th
past participle in compound ten

The PRESENT PERFECT (pretr
haber:


he comido (I have eaten)
as comido (you have eaten) h
h
hemos comido (we have eaten)
habis comido (you all have eaten)
han comido (they have eaten)

The FUTURE PERFECT (futuro perfecto


habr comido (I will have eaten )
habrs comido (you will have eaten)
habr comido (
51
habremos comido (we will have eaten)
abris comido (you all will have eaten)
e eaten)
RFECT (pretrito pluscuamperfecto) uses the imperfect
aba comido (I had eaten)
ido (she had eaten)
abamos comido (we had eaten)
eaten)
AST ANTERIOR (pretrito anterior) uses the preterite tense
ube comido (I had eaten)
aten)
ubieron comido (they had eaten)
rite or pluperfect is used. The
reterite perfect is only found after conjunctions of time, such as cuando (when), despus
he PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto) is composed of the infinitive of haber and
e past participle of the verb: haber comido (to have eaten).
erundio compuesto) is composed of the present participle of
aber and the past participle of the verb: habiendo comido (having eaten).
tendr tiempo (I would do it today, but I won't have time);
o habra hecho ayer, pero no tena tiempo (I would have done it yesterday, but I didn't have
cuando desayun ayer? (I wonder what time was it
hen I ate breakfast yesterday?).
onal is formed y adding a single set of personal endings to the
f all three con dings are identical to those of the imperfect tense
third conju only difference is that those are added to the stem,
h
habrn comido (they will hav

The PLUPERFECT or PAST PE
tense of haber:


h
habas comido (you had eaten)
haba com
h
habais comido (you all had
haban comido (they had eaten)

The PRETERITE PERFECT or P
of haber:

h
hubiste comido (you had eaten)
hubo comido (she had eaten)
hubimos comido (we had eaten)
hubisteis comido (you all had e
h

NOTE: This is strictly a literary tense; in conversation, the prete
p
que (after), apenas (scarcely) or luego que (as soon as): Despus que hube comido, sal
(After I had eaten, I went out).

T
th

he PERFECT PARTICIPLE (g T
h



Conditional Mood



The CONDITIONAL MOOD (modo potencial) expresses the idea of would (contingent
possibility): Lo hara hoy, pero no
L
time); Elena dijo que vendra (Elena said that she would come).

It can also be used to express wonderment or doubt in the past, just as the future tense can
be used in the present: Qu hora sera
w

The conditi (like the future) b
infinitives o jugations. (The en
of second and gation verbs; the
rather than to the entire infinitive form.)
52

hablar-a (I would talk) comera, vivira, etc.
hablar-as (you would talk)
hablar-a (she would talk)
ablar-amos (we would talk)


) is a compound tense using the
xiliar t participle of the main verb:
(we would have eaten)
abrais comido (you would have eaten)
abran comido (they would have eaten)
eated as though it were a tense rather than a mood; strictly
l is a mood which has two tenses: a simple tense used
hen referring to present possibilities, and a compound tense used when referring to
duced by
).
PERSONAL EXPRESSIONS like es necesario (it is necessary): Tenga Ud. (Here, have
is); No hables (Don't talk!); Comamos (Let's eat); Es una lstima que no quiera venir (It's
).
BJ UN rmed by adding one set of personal endings to
an dings to verbs of the -ER and -IR conjugations:
ESENT SUBJ UNCTIVE
lks)
RESENT SUBJ UNCTIVE
t)
iv-as (you live) viv-is (you live)
he IMPERFECT SUBJ UNCTIVE is formed by adding a set of endings terminating in either -
h
hablar-ais (you all would talk)
hablar-an (they would talk)
The CONDITIONAL PERFECT (potencial perfecto
conditional of the au y verb haber and the pas


habra comido (I would have eaten)
habras comido (you would have eaten)
habra comido (she would have eaten)
habramos comido
h
h
NOTE: The conditional is often tr
peaking, however, the conditiona s
w
possibilities in the past.


Subjunctive Mood


The SUBJ UNCTIVE MOOD (modo subjuntivo) is used in independent clauses intro
que (that) when the main clause expresses a wish, a strong emotional attitude, or an
uncertainty: Te ruego que escribas en espaol (I beg you to write in Spanish); Tenan
miedo de que ella no volviera (They were afraid that she might not come back); Dudo que
sea la verdad (I doubt that it's the truth

The subjunctive is also used for FORMAL COMMANDS, for the negative (only) of
INFORMAL COMMANDS, for HORTATORY COMMANDS (English Let's...!) and after
IM
th
a pity that he doesn't want to come

The PRESENT SU CTIVE is regularly fo
the stem of -AR verbs d a second set of en


FIRST CONJ UGATION (habl-ar) PR
habl-e (I talk) habl-emos (we talk)
habl-es (you talk) habl-is (you talk)
habl-e (she ta habl-en (they talk)
SECOND CONJ UGATION (com-er) P
com-a (I eat) com-amos (we ea
com-as (you eat) com-is (you eat)
com-a (she eat) com-an (they eat)
THIRD CONJ UGATION (viv-ir) PRESENT SUBJ UNCTIVE
viv-a (I live) viv-amos (we live)
v
viv-a (she lives) viv-an (they live)
T
53
RA or -SE (with no difference in usage or meaning) to the verb stem, with one set of endings
ings for second (-ER) and third (-IR)
abl-aras OR habl-ases (you talked)
abl-ara OR habl-ase (she talked)
emos (we talked)
ked)
d)
e
om-ieras OR com-ieses (you ate)
om-iera OR com-iese (she ate)
os (we ate)
(you all ate)
(they ate)

iv-iera OR viv-iese (she lived)
iv-iramos OR vivisemos (we lived)
(you all lived)
ey lived)
SUBJ UN und tense formed by the present subjunctive of
t partic rb.
aya comido (she has eaten)
ayamos comido (we have eaten)
aten)
nd tense formed by the imperfect
particip rb.
ubiera/hubiese comido (I had eaten)
ubieras/hubieses comido (you had eaten)
ido (she had have eaten)
os comido (we had eaten)
ubierais/hubieseis comido (you had eaten)
for first conjugation (-AR) verbs and another set of end
conjugation verbs: Esperaba que l llegara/llegase tarde (I was expecting him to arrive late).

FIRST CONJ UGATION (habl-ar) IMPERFECT SUBJ UNCTIVE

habl-ara OR habl-ase (I talked)
h
h
habl-ramos OR habl-s
habl-arais OR habl-aseis (you all tal
habl-aran OR habl-asen (they talke
SECOND CONJ UGATION (com-er) IMPERFECT SUBJ UNCTIVE


com-iera OR com-ies (I ate)
c
c
com-iramos OR com-isem
com-ierais OR com-ieseis
com-ieran OR com-iesen
THIRD CONJ UGATION (viv-ir) IMPERFECT SUBJ UNCTIVE


viv-iera OR viv-iese (I lived)
viv-ieras OR viv-ieses (you lived)
v
v
viv-ierais OR viv-ieseis
viv-ieran OR viv-iesen (th
The PERFECT CTIVE is a compo
haber and the pas iple of the main ve


haya comido (I have eaten)
hayas comido (you have eaten)
h
h
hayis comido (you all have e
hayan comido (they have eaten)
The PLUPERFECT SUBJ UNCTIVE is a compou
subjunctive of haber and the past le of the main ve


h
h
hubiera/hubiese com
ubiramos/hubisem h
h
hubieran/hubiesen comido (they had eaten)


Commands


54
Familiar COMMANDS (mandatos), when positive, are expressed by means of the imper
mood. The second person singular (t) forms are id
ative
entical to the third person singular of the
resent tense: El nio duerme (The child is sleeping); Duerme t! (Go to sleep!). The
the
EGATIVE familiar commands, both singular and plural, are expressed by the present
go to bed).
ation
tes
espaol (Write in Spanish). Hortatory commands
an be expressed either with the subjunctive or with the phrase vamos a and an infinitive:
urmamos (Let's go to sleep); Vamos a dormir (Let's go to sleep).
cede negative and
Ud. (Don't bring it to
e); Que lo traiga J uan (Let J ohn bring it).
tions
t is specified, the passive voice is expressed by:

impersonal you and they. This construction
often difficult-- if not impossible-- to distinguish from the passive reflexive (textbooks differ
their classification of common phrases like Se habla espaol (Spanish is spoken / One
rb must be in the singular,
hould be easily translated as
ne or you: Cmo se va al teatro? (How does one get to the theater?); Cmo se dice eso
s
p
second person plural (vosotros) forms are based on the infinitive, with a -d substituted for
final -r: Dormid vosotros! (Go to sleep, all of you!).

N
subjunctive: No duermas t! (Don't go to sleep!).

The present subjunctive is used for FORMAL COMMANDS, both positive and negative:
Duerma Ud. (Please go to sleep). It is also used for indirect commands (introduced by the
conjunction que): Est cansado; que se acueste (He's tired; let him

For impersonal commands given in a general sense (directions on a bottle or an examin
paper, for instance) the impersonal pronoun se is attached to the subjunctive: Agtese an
de usar (Shake before using); Escrbase en
c
D

Object pronouns are attached to affirmative commands, but they pre
direct commands: Trigamelo Ud. (Bring it to me); No me lo traiga in
m



assive and Impersonal Construc P



In the PASSIVE VOICE (voz pasiva), the subject is acted upon by an outside agent. When
the agen

SUBJ ECT +ser +past participle +por +AGENT


for example: Esta carta fue escrita por un amigo mo (This letter was written by a friend of
mine).

Since the past participle acts as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the
subject. If the passive subject is a thing and the agent is not mentioned, then a PASSIVE
REFLEXIVE (
pasiva reflexiva) construction is used, with the reflexive pronoun se preceding the verb and
the passive subject following it: Aqu se venden cigarrillos (Cigarettes are sold here).

Se is also used to form IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS, with se used as an indefinite
subject pronoun similar to the English one or the
is
in
speaks Spanish). There are two main criteria to be met: the ve
ince se is singular when used as a subject pronoun, and se s s
o
en espaol? (How do you say that in Spanish?).


articiples and Progressive Tense P
55


The PRESENT PA PLE (gerundio) is fo RTICI rmed by adding the suffix -ando to the stem of
nju AR) ve the stem of second (-ER) and third (-IR)
njugation verbs (or -yendo if the stem ends in a vowel).
ent participle is used with the verb estar to form the PROGRESSIVE TENSES (
empos progresivos), which express an ongoing action: Estoy estudiando espaol (I am
wspaper). The
ame construction is used with seguir and continuar: Sigue llorando (She keeps on crying);
g
etter).
er used for estar, venir and ir.
E formed by adding the suffix -ado to the stem of -
bs he stem verbs (or -do if the stem ends in a vowel).
cib-ir (to receive) recibido (received)
n
mos cerrado la tienda (We have closed the store); Habr perdido las
ves (He will have lost the keys); Habas recibido una carta (You had received a letter);
ntraron despus de que hubo cado (They entered after she had fallen down).
ivally, however, past participles agree in gender and number with the
: La tienda est cerrada (The store is closed); Las llaves estn perdidas
The keys are lost).
he INFINITIVE (infinitivo) is a verb form that is not limited by person or number; to be is an
COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE completes the meaning of a preceding conjugated verb:
fter a preposition, the infinitive form of a verb must always be used: Prefiero leer antes de

first co gation (- rbs and -iendo to
co


habl-ar (to talk) hablando (talking)
com-er (to eat) comiendo (eating)
viv-ir (to live) viviendo (living)

le-er (to read) leyendo (reading)
The pres
ti
studying Spanish); Estabas leyendo el peridico (You were reading the ne
s
Continuan estudiando (They continue studying). The present participle is also used with the
verb ir to express an action which is gradual or incremental: Va mejorando (It is gettin
b

NOTE: The progressive construction is nev

The PAST PARTICIPL (participio pasivo) is
AR ver , -ido to t of -ER and -IR


cerr-ar (to close) cerrado (closed)
perd-er (to lose) perdido (lost)
re
ca-er (to fall) cado (fallen)
When used with the auxiliary verb haber to form compound tenses, the past participle has a
invariable ending: He
lla
E

When used adject
ouns they modify n
(



Infinitives


T
English infinitive. Spanish/English dictionaries always identify a verb by its infinitive.

A
No puedo hablar de eso (I can't talk about that); Quiero comer en un restaurante (I want to
eat in a restaurant); Ella piensa vivir con ellos (She intends to live with them).

A
dormir (I prefer to read before going to sleep).

A common temporal expression consists of the contraction al (literally, "at the", but translate
56
"upon") together with an infinitive: Al despertar, me di cuenta de lo que haba hecho (Upon
wakening, I realized what I had done).
hey
OTE: Confusion arises for English-speaking students from the fact that verbal nouns in
radable), while the second one would use a present participle (Estoy
antando).
his confusion is compounded by the fact that English verbal nouns are called gerunds and
rundios. It is advisable, perhaps, to avoid using the
noun and present participle are unmistakable in
eir meaning.

ese
e major groups:
ROUP 1
r -ER that el from E to IE or from O to UE in the indicative
ju the present tense, except in the plurals of the first and second
hink)
UNCTIVE
think)
iensas pienses (you think)
semos (we think)

NCTIVE
elva (I return)
you all return)
uelven vuelvan (they return)
ROUP 2
erbs in -IR with the same changes as above, and an additional change of E to I or O to U in
a

Infinitives can be used as VERBAL NOUNS (nombres verbales). When used that way, t
are considered to be masculine singular, and may be preceded by the definite article el: El
escribir bien es un arte (Writing well is an art); Trabajar es lo que importa (Working is what
matters).

N
English have the same form as present participles. In the sentence "Singing is fun", for
example, the word "singing" is a verbal noun; but it is a present participle in the sentence "I
am singing" (present progressive tense). In Spanish, the first example would use an infinitive
(El cantar es ag
c

T
Spanish present participles are called ge
erms gerund and gerundio altogether; verbal t
th



tem-Changing Verbs S



Many verbs in Spanish change the spelling of their stems in certain conjugated forms. Th
verbs can be divided into thre


G
Verbs in -AR o change the stem vow
and sub nctive moods of
persons ("we" and "you all").

Pensar (to t

INDICATIVE SUBJ
pienso piense (I
p
piensa piense (she thinks)
pensamos pen
pensis pensis (you all think)
piensan piensen (they think)
Volver (to return)

INDICATIVE SUBJ U
vuelvo vu
vuelves vuelvas (you return)
vuelve vuelva (she returns)
volvemos volvamos (we return)
volvis volvis (
v
G
V
57
the third person of the preterite tense, in the first and second person plural forms of the
resent subjunctive, and in the entire imperfect subjunctive conjugation as well as the
resent Indicative: siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sents, sienten
tiste,
ntan

cative duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dorms, duermen
reterite: dorm, dormiste, durmi, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron
mas, duerma durmamos, durmis, duerman
perfect Subjunctive: durmiera, durmieras, durmiera, durmiramos
an
resent Participle: durmiendo
ROUP 3
resent Indicative: pido, pides, pide, pedimos, peds, piden
reterite: ped, pediste, pidi, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron
pidas, pida, pidamos, pidis, pidan
ra, pidieras, pidiera, pidiramos, pidierais, pidieran
uture tense Ir A
expressed by using the construction ir a followed by an infinitive.
his construction can also be used with reference to the past, by conjugating ir in the
lse friends
easy to
nings. It is one of the pitfalls for people learning Spanish.
ute(ly)
ll, by
.
p
present participle.



Sentir, (to feel)

P
Preterite: sent, sen sinti, sentimos, sentisteis, sintieron
Present Subjunctive: sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintis, sie
Imperfect Subjunctive: sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sintiramos, sintierais, sintieran
Present Participle: sintiendo
Dormir, (to sleep)

Present Indi
P
Present Subjunctive: duerma, duer
Im
durmierais, durmier
P
G

Verbs in -IR which only change E to I.

Pedir (to request)


P
P
Present Subjunctive: pida,
mperfect Subjunctive: pidie I
Present Participle: pidiendo



F

he future tense can be T
T
imperfect tense: Voy a cantar (I am going to sing); Iban a bailar (They were about to dance).


Fa

Because some of the words are almost identical in the two languages, its
confuse their mea

Absoluto & Absol
Absoluto - absolute, utter, complete. When preceded by en, it means not at a
no means, no way.
Absolute- absoluto. Absolutely - absolutamente, completamente, totalmente
58
Actual & Actual
Actual - current or present: El presidente actual vive en Madrid
president lives in Madrid. Actualmente - currently, at present, now.
Actual - verdadero or efectivo. Actually - realmente, en realidad, en efe
- The current
cto.
mething, like a theory, paint, or sanctions.
ply for a job - solicitar or presentar; to apply oneself to - dirigirse a
uno; to apply in the sense of be applicable - ser aplicable or interesar.
Asistir & Assist
.
Assist - ayudar.
Atender & Attend
ain - to pay attention to, to heed, care for.
Attend - asistir.

n in UK.
Billion (amer) - mil millones. (Brit) billn.
Bizarro & Bizarre
Bizarro - valient, gallant, brave; generous.

Blanco & Blank
blanca - a blank sheet of paper.
Blank (adj) en blanco, liso, sin adorno.
Campo & Camp
rm.
Camp refers to un campamento.
Carpeta & Carpet
e, or table cloth.
Carpet - una alfombra, una moqueta.

, or agreement.
, una avenencia, unas concesiones recprocas, el
trmino medio, la solucin intermedia; (v) - comprometer or transigir.
Aplicar & Apply
Aplicar - to apply so
Apply - aplicar ap
Asistir - to attend
Atender - to attend in Latin America, in Sp
Billn & Billion
Billn - a trillion in US, billio
Bizarre - extrao or raro
Blanco white, blank: una pgina
Campo means country(side), field, or fa
Carpeta - folder, file, portfolio, briefcas
Complexin & Complexion
Complexin - constitution, make-up, temperament, physical build.
Complexion - la tez, el cutiz, la piel.
Compromiso & Compromise
Compromiso - obligation, commitment, promise
Compromise (n) - una transaccin
59
Constipacin & Constipation
catarrh.
orrespond
.
ar en correspondencia con.
Decepcin/Decepcionar & Deception/Deceive
pointment. Decepcionar - to disappoint.
Deception - un engao, un fraude. To deceive - engaar, defraudar.


nto, la delicia. To delight - encantar, deleitar.
ishap, accident, setback, bad luck.
inia.
stitute
itado, en la miseria.
cord.
baile.
repugnancia , aversin.
Educado & Educated
Constipacin, constipado - a cold or
Constipation - el estreimiento.
Contestar & Contest
Contestar means to answer or reply.
Contest as a verb means impugnar, atacar, disputar, or contender.
Corresponder & C
Corresponder -to correspond, tally, fit in, match, or belong
Correspond (by mail) - escribirse, est
Chocar & Choke
Chocar - shock or startle, clink (glasses), shake (hands).
Choke - sofocarse or atragantarse.
Decepcin - disap
Delito & Delight
Delito - a crime, offence, misdeed.
Delight - el placer, el deleite, el enca
Desgracia & Disgrace
Desgracia - misfortune, m
Disgrace - la deshonra, ignom
Despertar & Desperate
Despertar to wake up
Desperate - desesperado.
Destituido & De
Destituido - devoid of or lacking.
Destitute - indigente, desamparado, neces
Disco & Disco
Disco - disco, disk, discus, traffic-light, or (audio) re
Disco - disco, discoteca, or sala de
Disgusto & Disgust
Disgusto - annoyance, displeasure, grief, trouble.
Disgust -
60
Educado - well-mannered, polite, cultivated, from the verb educar - to raise, brin
up, rear.
Educated form of the verb to educate: formar or instr
g
uir.
d
mbarazada =a pregnant woman, an
Embarrassed - avergonzado, molesto, or incmodo.
Emocionante & Emotional
citing, thrilling, moving.
Emotional - afectivo, emocional, emotivo, sentimental.
xito & Exit
xito - success: a gran xito - very successful.


Fabric - el tejido or la tela.
Ftbol & Football
).
Football - le ftbol americano.

e
Futile - intil, vano, or infructuoso.
Insulto & Insult
stomachache.
Insult - insulto.
Introducir & Introduce
Introduce (a person) - presentar
Largo & Large
r abundant.
Large - grande or importante.

Library - una biblioteca.
Minorista & Minority
Embarazada & Embarrasse
Embarazada (adj) pregnant, noun: una e
expectant mother.
Emocionante - ex
Exit - una salida.
Fbrica & Fabric
Fbrica - factory, plant, or mill.
Ftbol - soccer (in American English
Ftil & Futile
Ftil - trivial, whil
Insulto (Mexico) - indigestion or a
Introducir - introduce a topic.
Largo - long, generous, o
Librera & Library
Librera - bookstore.
61
Minorista (Caribbean and Sout
Minority - la minora or, as an a
h American) - retail or retail seller.
djective, minoritario.
her.
mente.
ber
or noun.
ero.
nce & Once
Once - una vez.
rvative
dor.
retend
be rich.
ut more commonly means odd or strange.
or to fulfill.
prender, reconocer.
gistrar, inscribir, or grabar.
Relativo & Relative
Relativo has the same meaning as an adjective, but as a noun it is used only in
miliar.
volver
Molestar & Molest
Molestar - to annoy or bot
Molest - acosar sexual
Nombre & Num
Nombre - name
Number - un nm
O
Once - eleven

Preservativo vs Prese
Preservativo - a condom.
Preservative - un conserva
Pretender & P
Pretender - claim: Ella pretende ser rica - She claims to
Pretend - fingir or simular.
Raro & Rare
Raro - rare, b
Rare - poco comn or excepcional.
Real & Real
Real - royal.
Real - verdadero, autntico, legtimo.
Realizar & Realize
Realizar - to realize, make real, to attain,
Realize realizar, darse cuenta de, com
Recordar & Record
Recordar - remember, recall, or remind.
Record - re
linguistics.
Relative as a noun - pariente or fa
Revolver & Re
62
Revolver is a ver
Revolver is a noun: un revlver
b: to move around, turn over, revolve, or disturb.
ry

l sueldo.
sible
o, or prudente.

over.
sereno.

d.
mantener.
cess
unfo.
Tuna & Tuna
Tuna - prickly pear, a student music group, the life of a rogue, and, in Central
Vaso & Vase
aso - a glass or tumbler.

Ropa & Rope
Ropa - clothing.
Rope - una cuerda or una soga.
Salario & Sala
Salario - hourly wages, while
Salary - fixed earnings per month or year: e
Sano & Sane
Sano - healthy, fit, or intact.
Sane - cuerdo, sensato, or de juicio sano.
Sensible & Sen
Sensible - sensitive or regrettable.
Sensible - juicioso, sensat
Sobre - Sober
Sobre - envelope or a preposition: on, above,
Sober - sobrio or
Sopa & Soap
Sopa - soup or, informally, a hangover, while
Soap - jabn.
Soportar & Support
Soportar - to bear, carry, support, hold up, or withstan
Support - apoyar, sostener, or
Suceso & Suc
Suceso - an event, incident, happening, or outcome.
Success - un xito or tri
America, drunkenness.
Tuna - el atn.
V
Vase - un florero or jarrn.

63
How to write Spanish characters
n Spanish
lock" enabled.
ress and hold the ALT key. While holding down the ALT key, enter the 3-digit
or the extended ASCII character you want to generate (in this case 164) then
T key. You should be able to do this in almost any programme.
Spanish characters with their alt numbers.
161 166
162 167
163 164
144 165

Note: It is never obligatory to use accents with capital letters.

How to write the Spanish characters and accents eg, on a no
eyboard? k
If you didn't buy your computer in a Spanish speaking country then your keyboard won't be
set up for Spanish. .


To write a character with alt keys you must have your "num
you want to write an first we have to know the ASCII code which is alt 164. If

To write an p
f decimal code
release the AL

Here is a list of

160 168
130 173
64

Spanish - English
Dictionary

Abbreviations used in this dictionary:
n - noun, adj - adjective, adv - adverb, v -
verb, f - feminine, m - masculine, pron -
pronoun, prep preposition, pl - plural



Abreviaturas - Abbreviations

a.C. ante de Christo - B.C (before Christ)
a. J.C. antes de J esucristo - B.C. (before
Christ),
a.m. antes del medioda - a.m.(before noon)
apdo. apartado postal P.O. Box
Av. avenida Ave. (avenue)
Avda. avenida Ave. (avenue)

c.c. centmetro cbico - c.c. (cubic
centimeters)
Ca compaia - Co. (company)
cm centmetro - cm. (centimetre)
c/u cada uno - per each, apiece,

D. don - Sir
Da. doa - Madam
d.C. despus de Cristo - A.D. (anno domini)
d.J.C. despus de J esucristo - A.D. (anno
domini),
Dr. doctor - Dr.(m)
Dra. doctora - Dr. (f)

E este (punto cardinal) - E (east)
EE. UU. Estados Unidos - U.S. (United
States)
esq. esquina - corner
etc. etctera - etc. (an so on)

FF. AA. fuerzas armadas - armed forces
f.c., F.C. ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad)

Gob. gobierno - Gov. (government)
Gral. general - Gen. (general)

h. hora - hour

Ing. ingeniero - engineer

kg kilogramos - kg (kilograms)
km kilmetros - km (kilometers)
km/h kilmetros por hora - kilometers per
hour

l litro - liter
Lic. licenciado - attorney

m metros - m (meters)
mm mlimetros - mm (millimeters)
m.n. moneda nacional - national currancy
(sometimes used to distinguish the national
currency from others)

N norte - N (north)
no., nm. nmero - no (number)

O oeste - W (west)
OEA Organizacin de Estados Americanos -
OAS (Organization of American States)
ONU Organizacin de Naciones Unidas -
UN (United Nations)
OTAN Organizacin del Tratado del Norte
NATO (North American Treaty Organization)

pg. pgina - page
P.D. postdata - P.S.
p.ej. por ejemplo - e.g. (for example)
p.m. post meridien - p.m. (after noon)
Prof profesor, profesora - Professor (m)
Profa profesora - Professor (f)
pta. peseta - peseta (monetary unit of
Spain)

q.e.p.d. que en paz descanse - R.I.P. (rest
in peace)

S sur - S (south)
S.A. Sociedad Annima - Inc.(incorporation)
S.L. Sociedad Limitada - Ltd. (limited
partnership)
Sr. seor - Mr. (Mister)
Sra. seora - Mrs.(Mistress)
Srta. seorita - Miss
s.s.s. su seguro servidor - literally: your
faithful servant (used as salutation in letters)
Kind regards

tel. telfono telephone
Ud.,Vd. usted - you (singular)
Uds.,Vds. ustedes - you (plural)

v. vase - go see
vol. volumen - vol (volume)

W.C. water closet - toilet, bathroom

65
A

a (prep) - to
abajo (adv) - down
abeja (nf) - bee
abierto (adj) - open
abrelatas (nm) - can opener
abrigo (nm) - coat
abril (nm) - April
abuela (nf) - grandmother
abuelo (nm) - grandfather
acebo (nm) - holly
aceite (nm) - oil
aceituna (nf) - olive
acera (nf) - sidewalk
acuario (nm) - aquarium
adicin (nf) - addition
adis (int) - goodbye
adulto (nm, adj) - adult, grown-up
aeronave (nf) - airship
aeronave cohete (nm) - rocket
frica (nf) - Africa
agrico (n) - toadstool
agosto (nm) - August
agradecer (v) - thank
agua (nm) - water
aguacate (nm) - avocado
guila (nm) - eagle
aguja (nf) - needle
al aire libre - outdoors
ala (nm) - wing
alacrn (nm) - scorpion
alcachofa (nf) - artichoke
alcancia (nf) - piggy bank
alce (nm) - elk
aldea (nf) - village
aleta (nf) - fin
alern (nm) - aileron
alfabeto (nm) - alphabet
alfombra (nf) - carpet, rug
alga marina (nf) - kelp
algas (nf pl) - seaweed
algodn (nm) de azcar - cotton candy
alicates (nm pl) - pliers
almacn (nm) - store
almohada (nf) - pillow
almuerzo (nm) - lunch
alrededor de (adv) - around
alta/alto (adj) - tall
amanecer (nm) - sunrise
amarillo (adj) - yellow
mbar (nm) - amber
ambulancia (nf) - ambulance
Amrica (nm) del Norte - North America
Amrica (nm) del Sur - South America
amigo (nm) - friend
amigo (nm) por correspondencia - pen pal
amigos (nm pl) - friends
amor (nm) - love
anaranjado (adj) - orange
anatoma (nf) - anatomy
ancho (adj) - wide
ancla (nm) - anchor
andar (v) - walk
ngel (nm) - angel
angosto (adj) - narrow
anguila (nf) - eel
ngulo (nm) - angle
anillo (nm) - ring
animal (nm) - animal
animal (nm) domstico - pet
animales (nm pl) - animals
ao (nm) - year
anochecer (nm) - evening
Antrtico (nm) - Antarctica
antifaz (nm) - mask
antlope (nm) - antelope
apio (nm) - celery
aplaudir (v) - clap
aprender (v) - learn
araa (nf) - spider
rbol (nm) - tree
arce (nm) - maple
archipilago (nm) - archipelago
arcilla (nf) - clay
arco (nm) - arch
arco (nm) - bow
arco (nm) iris - rainbow
arder (v) - burn
ardilla (nf) - squirrel
ardilla ( nf) listada - chipmunk
arena (nf) - sand
arena (nf) movediza - quicksand
arete (nm) - earring
aritmtica (nf) - arithmetic
arquero (nm) - archer
armario (nm) - cupboard
arpa (nm) - harp
arrendajo (n) - jay
arriba (adv) - up
arriba de (prep) - above
arrodillarse (v) - kneel
arte (nm) - art
artista (nm, f) - artist
ascensor (nm) - elevator
Asia (nf) - Asia
aspiradora (nf) - vacuum cleaner
asta (nf) - spear, horn, antler
asteroide (nm) - asteroid
astronauta (nm, f) - astronaut
astronoma (nf) - astronomy
66
asustado (adj) - frightened, scared
atardecer (nm) - sunset
atad (nm) - coffin
atleta (nm, f) - athlete
tomo (nm) - atom
aurora (nf) - aurora
Australia (nm) - Australia
autobs (nm) - bus
automvil (nm) - automobile
avenida (nf) - avenue
aventar (v) - throw
avestruz (nm) - ostrich
avin (nm) - aeroplane, plane
avin (nm) de reaccin - jet
avispa (nf) - wasp
Aydeme, por favor. - Please help me.
azada (nf), azadn (nm) - hoe
azucena (nf) - lily
azul (adj) - blue
azulejo (nm) - tile, bluebird


B



backgammon (nm) - backgammon
baha (nf) - bay
baera (nf) - bathtub
bailar (v) - dance
bailarina (nf), bailarn (nm) - ballerina,
dancer
baja/bajo (adj) - short
bajar (v) - lower, download
balanza (nf) - scale
balancn (n) - seesaw
balde (nm) - bucket, pail
ballena (nf) - whale
banco (nm) - bench
bandera (nf) - flag
banjo (nm) - banjo
baraja (nf) - cards
barbilla (nf) - chin
barca (nf) - (small) boat
barco (nm) - ship
barco (nm) de vela - sailboat
barquillo (nm) de helado - ice cream cone
barril (nm) - barrel
bastn (nm) - cane
basurero (nm) - rubbish bin, garbage can
bate (nm) - baseball bat
batidor (nm) de mano - whisk
bal (nm) - trunk
beb (nm) - baby
beber (v) - drink
bella (adj f), bello (adj m) - beautiful
bellota (nf) - acorn
berenjena (nf) - eggplant
biblioteca (nf) - library
bicho (nm) - insect, bug, small creature
bicicleta (nf) - bicycle
billete (nm) - bill
billn (nm) - billion (Brit.), trillion (Amer.)
birrete (nm) - mortar board
bistec (nm) - steak
bizcocho (nm) - cake
blanco (adj) - white
blanco (nm) - target
blusa (nf) - blouse
bobo (nm) - mutt
boca (nf) - mouth
boca (nf) de aqua, boca (nf) de incendio -
fire hydrant
bocadillo (nm) - sandwich
bolgrafo (nm) - pen
bollo (nm) - roll, bun
bolsa (nf) - bag
bolsillo (nm) - pocket
bolso (nm) - purse
bomba (nf) de incendios - fire engine
bombero (nm), bombera (nf) - fire fighter
bombilla (nf) - bulb, lightbulb
bosque (nm) - forest
bosque (nm) tropical - rain forest
bota (nf) - boot
bote (nm) - boat
botella (nf) - bottle
botn (nm) - button
botija (nf), botijo (nm) - jug
brazo (nm) - arm
brea (nf) - tar
brculi (nm) - broccoli
brocha (nf) - paintbrush
broma (nf) - joke
bruja (nf) - witch
brjula (nf) - compass
buenos dias - good morning
buenas noches - good night, good evening
buenas tardes - good afternoon
bfalo (nm) - buffalo
bufanda (nf) - scarf
bho (nm) - owl
buitre (nm) - vulture
burbuja (nf) - bubble
burro (nm) - donkey
buzn (nm) - mailbox



67
C



caballete (nm) - easel
caballito (nm) - pony
caballito (nm) de mar - seahorse
caballo (nm) - horse
cabeza (nf) - head
cabra (nf) - goat
cachorro (nm) - puppy
cacto (nm) - cactus
cada (adj invar.) - each, every
cadera (nf) - hip
caf (nm) - coffee
caimn (nm) - alligator
caja (nf) - box
caja (nf) de las herramientas - toolbox
caja (nf) de sorpresa - jack-in-the-box
calabacin (nm) -zucchini
calabaza (nf) - pumpkin
calamar (nm) - squid
calcetin (nm) - sock
calendario (nm) - calendar
calidoscopio (nm) - kaleidoscope
caliente (adj) - hot
callado/callada (adj) - quiet
calle (nf) - street
callejn (nm), calleja (nf) - alley
cama (nf) - bed
cmara fotogrfica (nf) - camera
camaron (nm) - shrimp
camello (nm) - camel
caminar - walk
camino (nm) - road
camin (nm) - truck
camin (nm) cisterna - tanker
camin (nm) de basura - garbage truck
camin (nm) de volteo - dump truck
camisa (nf) - shirt
camisa (nf) de dormir/ camisn (nm) -
nightgown, nightshirt
campamento (nm) - camp
campana (nf) - bell
caa (nf) de pescar - fishing rod
canario (nm) - canary
canasta (nf) - basket
canasta (nf) para ropa - laundry basket
candado (nm) - padlock
cangrejo (nm) - crab
canguro (nm) - kangaroo
canoa (nf) - canoe
cantar (v) - sing
cantimplora (nf) - water bottle
capullo (nm) - cocoon
capullo (nm) - bud
cara (nf) - face
caracol (nm) - snail
carmbano (nm) - icicle
caramelo (nm) - candy, sweet
caravana (nf) - (veh.) camper
carne (nf) - meat
carreta (nf) - cart
carrete (nm) - spool
carretilla (nf) - wheelbarrow
carretn (nm) - wagon
carro (nm) - car
carta (nf) - letter
cartera (nf) - briefcase, wallet
casa (nf) - house
Casa (nf) Blanca - White House
cascada (nf) - waterfall
casco (nm) - hoof, helmet, hull
casero (nm) - village, hamlet
casita (nf) de muecas - dollhouse
castillo (nm) - castle
castor (nm) - beaver
catorce (adj, nm) - fourteen
cebolla (nf) - onion
cebra (nf) - zebra
ceja (nf) - eyebrow
clula (nf) - cell
centavo (nm) - cent, penny
cepillo (nm) - brush
cepillo (nm) del pelo, cepillo (nm) de
cabeza - hairbrush
cepillo (nm) de dientes - toothbrush
cerca (nf) - fence
cerdo (nm) - pig, hog
cerebro (nm) - brain
cereza (nf) - cherry
cero (nm) - zero
cerrado (adj) - closed
cerradura (nf) - lock
csped (nm) - lawn, grass
cesta (nf) - basket
cheque (nm) - check
cicln (nm)- cyclone
cielo (nm) - sky
cien (adj) - hundred
ciencia (nf) - science
cierre (nm) - zipper
cigarra (nf) - cicada
cilindro (nm) - cylinder
cinco (adj) - five
cinco centavos - five cents, nickel
cincuenta (adj) - fifty
cinta (nf) - ribbon
cinta (nf) adhesiva - adhesive tape
cinta (nf) mtrica - tape measure
cintura (nf) - waist
68
circo (nm) - circus
crculo (nm) - circle
ciruela (nf) - plum
cisne (nm) - swan
ctara (nf) - zither
clarinete (nm) - clarinet
clavel (nm) - carnation
clavo (nm) - nail
coche (nm) de bomberos - fire engine
cocina (nf) - kitchen
cocodrilo (nm) - crocodile
codo (nm) - elbow
codorniz (nm) - quail
cola (nf) - tail
colibr (nm) - hummingbird
coliflor (nf) - cauliflower
colina (nf) - hill
collar (nm) - necklace
colmena (nf) - hive
color (nm) - colour
comadreja (nf) - weasel
comer (v) - eat
cometa (nf) - kite
cometa (nm) - comet
comida (nf) - meal, food
Cmo? - How?
Cmo ests? - How are you?
Cmo se dice...? - How do you say...?
Cmo te llamas? - What is your name?
comprender (v) - understand
computadora (nf) - computer
concha (nf) - shell
conejito (nm) - bunny
conejo (nm) - rabbit
congelador (nm) - freezer
cono (nm) - cone
constelacin (nf) - constellation
contenta/contento (adj) - happy
contonear (v) - wiggle
contrabajo (nm) - double bass
contrafagote (nm) - bassoon
contrariar (v) - oppose
contrario (adj, nm) - opposite, contrary
control (nm) remoto - remote control
copo (nm) de nieve - snowflake
coral (nm) - coral
corazn (nm) - heart
corbata (nf) - necktie, tie
cordel (nm) - string
cordero (nm) - lamb
corno (nm) de caza - French horn
corno (nm) ingls - English horn
corona (nf) - crown
correcamino (nm) - roadrunner
correo (nm) -mail
correr (v) - run
cortadora (nf) de csped - lawn mower
cortina (nf) - curtain, drape
cosecha (nf) - crop
coser (v) - sew
cosquillas (nf pl) - ticklishness, hacer
cosquillas - tickle
coyote (nm) - coyote
crneo (nm) - skull
crema (nf) - cream
crema (nf) dental - toothpaste
creencia (nf) - belief
creencier (v) - believe, (pensar) think
creyn (nm) - crayon
crislida (nf) - pupa
cristal (nm) - crystal
cruce (nm) para peatones, cruce (nm)
peatonal - crosswalk
cuaderno (nm) - notebook
cuadrado (nm) - square
cuadro (nm) - picture
cul (pron) - which
cundo (adv, conj) - when
Cundo es? - What time is it?
cunto (adv, pron) - how much, how many
Cunto? - How much?
Cunto es? - How much is it?
cuarenta (adj) - forty
cuarto (nm) - room
cuarto (nm) de bao - bathroom
cuarzo (nm) - quartz
cuatrillizo (nm) - quadruplet
cuatro (adj,nm) - four
cubeta (nf) - bucket, pail
cubo (nm) - block, cube
cubo (nm) de basura - rubbish bin, trash can
cucaracha (nf) - cockroach
cucharita (nf) - spoon
cucharn (nf) - ladle
cuchillo (nm) - knife
cuello (nm) - neck
cuento (nm) - story, tale
cuerda (nf) - cord, rope, string; instrumentos
de cuerda - string instruments
cuerda (nf) para brincar - jump rope
cuerno (nm) - horn
cuerpo (nm) - body
cuervo (nm) - crow
cueva (nf) - cave
culebra (nf) - snake
cumpleaos (nm) - birthday
cua (nf) - wedge



CH
69

chaleco (nm) - vest
champin (nm) - mushroom
champ (nm) - shampoo
chancla (nf) - flip-flop, thong
chaqueta (nf) - jacket
charca (nf) - pond
chica (nf) - girl
chico (nm) - boy
chimenea (nf) - chimney
chimpanc (nm) - chimpanzee
chinche (nm) - thumbtack
chocolate (nm) - chocolate
chorizo (nm) - sausage, salami
choza (nf) - hut
chupete (nm) - dummy (Brit.), pacifier
(Amer.)



D



dado (nm) - dice
dama (nf) - lady; damas (nf pl) - draught
(Brit.), checkers (Amer.)
dar (v) - give
dardo (nm) - dart
de (prep) -of, from; De dnde eres? - Where
are you from?
debajo (adv) - underneath, debajo de - under
dedo (nm) - finger
dedo (nm) del pie - toe
delantal (nm) - apron
delante (adv) - in front, delante de - in front
of
delfn (nm) - dolphin
delgado (adj) - thin
delta (nf) - delta
De nada. - You're welcome.
dentro (adv) - inside
deporte (nm) - sport
derecha (adv) - right, a la derecha - on the
right
desayuno (nm) - breakfast
deseo (nm) - wish, desire
desierto (nm) - desert
desnudo (adj) - naked
destornillador (nm) - screwdriver
detrs de (adv) - behind
da (nm) - day
diamante (nm) - diamond
diana (nf) - dartboard, bull's eye
dibujar (v) - draw
dibujo (nm) - drawing
diciembre (nm) - December
diecinueve (adj, nm) - nineteen
dieciocho (adj, nm) - eighteen
diecisis (adj, nm) - sixteen
diecisiete (adj, nm) - seventeen
diente (nm) - tooth
dieta (nf) - diet
diez (adj, nm) - ten
dinero (nm) - money
dinosaurio (nm) - dinosaur
direccin (nf) - address
dirigible (nm) - dirigible, blimp
dividir (v) - divide
divisin (nf) - division
doble (adj, nm) - double
doce (adj, nm) - twelve
docena (nf) - dozen
doctor (nm) - doctor
dlar (nm) - dollar
domingo (nm) - Sunday
domin (nm) - dominoes (game)
dnde (adv) - where
Donde esta el bao? - Where is the
bathroom?
dormido (adj) - asleep
dormir (v) - sleep
dormitar (v) - doze
dormitorio (nm) - bedroom
dos (adj, nm) - two
dragn (nm) - dragon
durazno (nm) - peach



E


echar (v) - throw
edificio (nm) - building
ecuador (nm) - equator
edredn (nm) - quilt
ejercer (v) - exercise, practise
ejercicio (nm) - exercise, hacer ejercicio -
exercise
electricidad (nf) - electricity
elefante (nm) - elephant
elipse (nf) - ellipse
embudo (nm) - funnel
emparedado (nm) - sandwich
empujar (v) - push, press
empujatierra (n) - bulldozer
en (prep) - in
encaje (nm) - lace
encantado (adj) - enchanted, bewitched
70
Encantado de conocerle. - Pleased to meet
you.
encima de (adv) - on top of
energa (nf) - energy
enero (nm) - J anuary
enferma/enfermo (adj) - sick
enfermero (nm), enfermera (nf) - nurse
engrapadora (nf) - stapler
enigma (nm) - enigma, riddle
enojado (adj) - angry, mad
ensalada (nf) - salad
ensear (v) - teach
entender (v) - understand
Entiende el ingls? - Do you understand
English?
entrada (nf) - entrance
entre (prep) - between
equipo (nm) - team
erizo (nm) - hedgehog
escabel (nm) - footstool, stool
escalera (nf) - ladder
escarabajo (nm) - beetle
escayola (nf) - cast
escoba (nf) - broom
escribir (v) - write
escritorio (nm) - desk
escuela (nf) - school
esfera (nf) - sphere
esmeralda (nf) - emerald
espada (nf) - sword
esptula (nf) - spatula
espejo (nm) - mirror
espina (nf) dorsal - spine
espiral (nm) - spiral
esponja (nf) - sponge
esposa (nf) - wife
esqueleto (nm) - skeleton
establo (nm) - stable, barn
estacin (nf) - station, season (of the year)
estacin (nf) de servicio - service station
estado (nm) - state
Estados Unidos (nm pl) - United States
estante (nm) - shelf
estantera (nf) para libros - bookcase
estar (v) - be, stay
este (adj, nm) - east
Estoy.... - I am..
Estoy alegre. - I am happy.
Estoy bien. - I am fine.
Estoy enfermo. - I am sick.
Estoy perdido. - I am lost.
Estoy triste. - I am sad.
estrecho (adj) - narrow
estrecho (nm) - strait
estrella (nf) - star
etiqueta (nf) - tag, label
Europa (nf) - Europe
examen (nm) - exam, quiz


F



fbrica (nf) - factory
falda (nf) - skirt
familia (nf) - family
fantasma (nm) - ghost
faro (nm) - lighthouse
febrero (nm) - February
feliz (adj) - happy, lucky
Feliz Ao Nuevo! - Happy New Year!
feliz cumpleaos - happy birthday
fmur (nm) - femur
feo (adj) - ugly
fideos (nm pl) - noodles
fiesta (nf) - party
finca (nf) - farm
flamenco (nm) - flamingo
flautin (nm) - piccolo
flauta (nf) - flute
flecha (nf) - arrow
flor (nf) - flower
foca (nf) - seal
fogata (nf) - campfire
follaje (nm) - foliage
forma (nf) - shape
formn (nm) - chisel
fsil (nm) - fossil
frambuesa (nf) - raspberry
franela (nf) - flannel,
fregadero (nm) - sink
frente (nf) - forehead
fresa (nf) - strawberry
fro (adj) - cold
fruta (nf) - fruit
fuego (nm) -fire
fuego (nm) fatuo - jack-o'-lantern
fuegos (nm pl) artificiales - fireworks
fuerte (adj) - loud
fuselaje (nm) - fuselage
ftbol (nm) - football, soccer


G


gabn (nm) - overcoat
gacela (nf) - gazelle
gafa (nf) - hook
71
gafas (nf pl) glasses, gafas (nf pl) de sol -
sunglasses
galaxia (nf) - galaxy
galera (nf) - gallery
galera (nf) de arte - art gallery
galleta (nf) - cookie
gallina (nf) - hen
gallo (nm) - rooster
gancho (nm) - hook
ganso (nm) - goose
garra (nf) - claw
gatito (nm) - kitten
gato (nm) - cat
gaviota (nf) - sea gull
gema (nf) - gem
gemelo (nm) - twin,
gemelos (nm pl) - binoculars, Gemelos (nm
pl) - Gemini
geografia (nf) - geography
girasol (nm) - sunflower
globo (nm) - globe, balloon
golf (nm) - golf, bola (nf) de golf - golfball,
palos (nm pl) de golf - golfclubs
golfo (nm) - gulf
golondrina (nf) - swallow
golpar (v) - beat, hit, punch, knock
golpe (nm) - blow, punch, stroke
goma (nf) - rubber
goma (nf) de borrar - eraser
gong (nm) - gong
gordo/gorda (adj) - fat
gorila (nm) - gorilla
gorro (nm) - cap
gotera (nf) - leak
gotero (nm) - eyedropper, dropper
gracia (nf) - grace, favour
gracias (nf pl) - thank you
grande (adj) - big, large
granja (nf) - farm
grifo (nm) - faucet
gris (adj) - gray
gritar (v) - scream, yell
gra (nf) - tow truck
grulla (nf) - crane
guacamayo (nf) - macaw
guante (nm) - glove
guante (nm) de cocina - oven mitt
guisante (nm) - pea
guitarra (nf) - guitar
guitarra (nf) elctrica - electric guitar
gusano (nm) - worm


H


habla (nf) - speech, language; al habla (on
the phone) - speaking
hablar (v) - speak, talk
Hablas ingls? - Do you speak English?
hacha (nm) - ax
hacinar (v) - stack
hada (nf) - fairy, cuento (nm) de hadas -
fairy tale
halo (nm) - halo
halterofilia (nf) - weightlifting
hamaca (nf) - hammock
hambriento (adj) - hungry
hamburguesa (nf) - hamburger
harina (nf) - flour
hasta (prep) - till, until
Hasta luego. - See you later.
helecho (nm) - fern
helado (nm) - ice cream
helicptero (nm) - helicopter
hemisferio (nm) - hemisphere
hemisferio (nm) norte - Northern
hemisphere
hemisferio (nm) sur - Southern Hemisphere
hermana (nf) - sister
hermanos (nm) - brother
herradura (nf) - horseshoe
herramienta (nf) - tool
hexgono (nm) - hexagon
hiedra (nf) - ivy
hielo (nm) - ice
hiena (nf) - hyena
hierba (nf) - grass
hija (nf) - daughter
hijo (nm) - son
hilo (nm) - yarn, thread
hipoptamo (nm) - hippopotamus
historia (nf) - story
hogar (nm) - home
hoguera (nf) - bonfire
hoja (nf) - leaf
hola (int) - hello
hombre (nm) - man
hombro (nm) - shoulder
hongo (nm) - mushroom
hora (nf) - hour
hormiga (nf) - ant
horno (nm) - oven, stove
horno (nm) microondas - microwave oven
hoy (adv) - today
hoyo (nm) - hole
huella (nf) -footprint, (de animal, vehiculo)
track,
huella (nf) del pie - footprint
huella (nf) digital - fingerprint
hueso (nm) - bone
72
hueso (nm) de la suerte - wishbone
huevo (nm) - egg
huevo (nm) frito - fried egg
huracn (nm) - hurricane


I



idea (nf) - idea
iglesia (nf) - church
igl (nf) - igloo
igual (adj) - equal
ilusin (nf) - illusion
imn (nm) - magnet
imperdible (nm) - safety pin
impermeable (nm) - raincoat
infeliz (adj) - unhappy
inodoro (nm) - toilet
insecto (nm) - insect
instrumento (nm) - instrument, tool
instrumentos (nm pl) de cuerda - string
instruments
interseccin (nf) - intersection
invernadero (nm) - greenhouse
invierno (nm) - winter
iris (nm) - (anat.) iris, (arco iris) rainbow
isla (nf) - island
istmo (nm) - isthmus
izquierda (nf) - left, a la izquierda - on the
left, to the left
izquierdo (adj) - left



J


jabn (nm) - soap
jaguar (nm) - jaguar
jalea (nf) - jelly
jamn (nm) - ham
Japn (nm) - J apan
jardn (nm) - garden
jarra (nf) - jug, pitcher
jarrn (nm) - vase, urn
jaula (nf) - cage
jirafa (nf) - giraffe
jitomate (nm) - (Mex.) tomato
joven (adj) - young
joya (nf) - jewel
joyas (nf pl) - jewelry
joyero (nm) - jeweller, (estuche) jewellery
box
juanete (nm) - bunion
jubilado (adj) - retired
jubilarse (v) - retire
jubileo (nm) - jubilee
judo (nm) - judo
juego (nm) - game, hacer juegos
malabares - juggle
jueves (nm) - Thursday
juez (nm) - judge
jugador (nm) - player, gambler
jugar (v) - to play, gamble, bet
juglar (nm) - minstrel
jugo (nm) - juice
jugo (nm) de naranja - orange juice
jugoso (adj) - juicy, (fig.) substantial
juguete (nm) - toy
juguetear (v) - to play
juicio (nm) - judgement, opinion
julio (nm) - J uly
jungla (nf) - jungle
junio (nm) - J une
junta (nf) - meeting, board, comittee, (pol.)
junta
juntar (v) - join, collect
junto (adj) - joined, junto a - next to
Jpiter (nm) - J upiter
justicia (nf) - justice



K


kapoc (nm) - kapok
karate (nm) - karate
kazoo (nm) - kazoo
kilo (nm) - kilo
kilogramo (nm) - kilogram
kilometraje (nm) - distance in kms, mileage
kilmetro (nm) - kilometre
kilovatio (nm) - kilowatt
kiosco (nm) - kiosk
koala (nm) - koala



L



laberinto (nm) - maze
labio (nm) - lip
73
lagartija (nf) -(small) lizard
lagarto (nm) - lizard
lago (nm) -lake
laguna (nf) - pond, small lake
lmpara (nf) - lamp
lana (nf) - yarn
langosta (nf) - lobster
lpiz (nm) - pencil
lata (nf) - can
lava (nf) -lava
lavabo (nm) - sink, washbasin
lavado (nm) - washing, lavado de cerebro -
brainwashing
lavar (v) - to wash
lazo (nm) -bow, lasso
leche (nf) - milk
lechuza (nf) - owl
limn (nm) - lemon
lechuga (nf) - lettuce
leer (v) - read
lea (nf) - firewood
lengua (nf) - tongue
leo (nm) - log
lenta/lento (adj) - slow
lente (nf) - lens, lentes de contacto - contact
lenses
lentes (nf pl) - glasses
len (nm) - lion
letra (nf) - letter
leyenda (nf) - legend
leyendas (nf pl) folclricas - folk tales
lezna (nf) - awl
liblula (nf) - dragonfly
libro (nm) - book
libro (nm) de visitas - guest book
lima (nf) - lime, file
limonada (nf) - lemonade
limpio (adj) - clean
linda, lindo (adj) - cute
linterna (nf) - flashlight
lirio (nm) - iris (flower)
lirio (nm) de los valles - lily of the valley
liso (adj) - smooth, flat
lista (nf) - list
llanta (nf) - tire
lobo (nm) - wolf
locomotora (nm) - engine
lombriz (nf) - worm
lombriz (nf) de tierra - earthworm
loro (nm) - parrot
luces (nf pl) - intelligence
luminoso (adj) - bright
luna (nf) - moon
lunes (nm) - Monday
lupa (nf) - magnifying glass
luz (nf) - light, (electricidad) electricity


LL



llama (nf) - flame, (animal) llama
llave (nf) - key, spanner, switch
llave (nf) de boca - wrench
llenar (v) - fill (up)
lleno/llena (adj) - full
llevadero (adj) - tolerable
llevar (v) - carry, bring, lead
llorar (v) - cry
lloroso (adj) - tearful
llover (v) rain
llovizna (nf) - drizzle
lluvia (nf) - rain, (fig) shower
lluvioso (adj) - rainy



M


macarrn (nm) - macaroon
macarrnes (nm pl) - macaroni
madera (nf) - wood, (natureza) nature
madero (nm) - log, timber
madre (nf) - mother
maestro (nm), maestra (nf) - teacher
magia (nf) - magic
maz (nm) - maize, corn
maleta (nf) - (suit)case, (auto) boot, trunk
(Amer.)
maletera (nf) - boot, trunk (Amer.)
maletn (nm) - briefcase
mam (nf) -mummy, mom
mamar (v) - suck
mamfero (nm) - mammal
mampara (nf) - screen
mamut (nm) - mammoth
manada (nf) - herd, pack
manecilla (nf) - needle, (de reloj) hand
manecilla (nf) de la hora - hour hand
manejable (adj) - manageable
manejar (v) - handle, manage
manguera (nf) - hose(pipe)
manillar (nm) - handlebar(s)
mano (nf) - hand
mantequilla (nf) - butter
manual (adj, nm) - manual
manualidades (nf pl) - crafts
manzana (nf) - apple
74
maana (nf) - morning
mapa (nm) - map
mapache (nm) - raccoon
mar (nf, nm) sea
maraca (nf) - maraca
margarita (nf) - daisy
marido (nm) - husband
marina (nf) - coast, seascape
mariposa (nf) - butterfly
mariposa (nf) nocturna - moth
mariquita (nf) - ladybug
mrmol (nm) - marble
marmota (nf) - hamster
marrn (adj) - brown
marsupial (nm) - marsupial
Marte (nm) - Mars
martes (nm) - Tuesday
martillo (nm) - hammer
marzo (nm) - March
ms (adv, adj) - more
masa (nf) - dough
matemticas (nf pl) - mathematics, maths
mayo (nm) - May
medalla (nf) - medal
medianoche (nf) - midnight
medioda (nm) - noon
medusa (nf) -jellyfish
Me gusta. - I like it.
Me gustaria... - I would like...
mejilla (nf) - cheek
Me llamo... - My name is...
meln (nm) - melon
melocotn (nm) - peach
menear (v) - wiggle
menos (adv, adj) - less
Me puede ayudar? - Can you help me?
Me ayuda por favor? - Can you help me?
mercado (nm) - market
Mercurio (nm) - Mercury
mermelada (nf) - jam
mes (nm) - month
mesa (nf) - table
meteoro (nm) - meteor
microscopio (nm) - microscope
miedo (nm) - fear, tener miedo - to be afraid
miel (nf) - honey
mircoles (nm) - Wednesday
mil (adj, nm) - thousand
milln (adj, nm) - million
mil millones (adj, nm) - billion
mineral (nm) - mineral
minivn (nf) - minivan
minuto (nm) - minute
minutero (nm) - minute hand
mirlo (nm) - blackbird
mitad (nf) - half
mitn (nm) - mitten
mochila (nf) - backpack
molino (nm) de viento - windmill
momia (nf) - mummy
moneda (nf) - coin
moneda de 25 centavos - quarter
monedero (nm) - purse
mono (nm) - ape, monkey
monstruo (nm) - monster
montaa (nf) - mountain
morado (adj) - purple
morsa (nf) - walrus
mosca (nf) - fly
mosquito (nm) - mosquito
motocicleta (nf) - motorcycle
motor (nm) - motor
muchacha (nf) - girl
muchacho (nm) - boy
Mucho gusto. - Nice to meet you.
mucho (adv, adj) - much, many, a lot
mueble (adj) - movable
mueble (nm) - piece of furniture, muebles
(nm pl) - furniture
mugre (nm) - dirt
mujer (nf) - woman
multiplicacin (nf) - multiplication
multiplicar (v) - multiply
mundo (nm) - world
mueca (nf) - doll
murcilago (nm) - bat
museo (nm) - museum
msica (nf) - music
msico (nm) - musician


N



naipes (nm pl) - cards
naranja (nf) -orange
narciso (nm) -daffodil
nariz (nf) - nose
Necesito un mdico. - I need a doctor.
negro (adj) - black
nen (nm) - neon
Neptuno (nm) - Neptune
nevera (nf) - refrigerator
nido (nm) - nest
nieve (nf) - snow
nia (nf) - girl, (female) child
nio (nm) - boy, (male) child
nio pequeo (nm) - toddler
nios (n pl) - children, kids
nivel (nm) - level
75
no (int) - no
noche (nf) - night
noche (nf) pasada - last night
No comprendo. - I don't understand.
No entiendo. - I don't understand
No hablo espaol. - I don't speak Spanish.
No lo s. - I don't know.
nombre (nm) - name
No me gusta. - I don't like it.
nomeolvides (n pl) - forget-me-nots
nopal (nm) - cactus
nordeste (n, adv) - northeast
noroeste (n, adv) - northwest
norte (n, adv) - north
nostros (pron) - we
nota (nf) - note
noventa (n, adj) - ninety
noviembre (nm) - November
nube (nf) - cloud
nudo (nm) - knot
nueve (n, adj) - nine
nuez (nf) - nut
nmero (nm) - number
nutria (nf) - otter




ame (nm) - yam
and (nm) - nandu



O



oboe (nm) - oboe
ocano (nm) - ocean
Ocano Antrtico (nm) - Southern Ocean
Ocano Artico (nm) - Arctic Ocean
Ocano Atlntico (nm) - Atlantic Ocean
Ocano Indico (nm) - Indian Ocean
Ocano Pacifico (nm) - Pacific Ocean
ochenta (n, adj) - eighty
ocho (n, adj) - eight
octgono (nm) - octagon
octubre (nm) - October
ocupacin (nf) - job, occupation
oeste (n, adv) - west
or (v) - hear
ojo (nm) - eye
okay (int) - ok
ola (nf) - wave
oler (v) - smell
olla (nf) - pot
Olmpico (n pl) - Olympics
once (n adj) - eleven
oreja (nf) - ear
orejeras (nf pl) - earmuffs
oso (nm) - bear
orangutn (nm) - orangutan
orbe (nm) - orb
rbita (nf) - orbit
orqudea (nf) - orchid
oruga (nf) - caterpillar
oso de peluche (nm) - teddy bear
otoo (nm) - autumn
valo (nm) - oval
oveja (nf) - sheep



P



padre (nm) - father
pjaro (nm) - bird
pjaro carpintero (nm) - woodpecker
pala (nf) - shovel
palabras (nf) - word
palacio (nm) - palace
palanca (n) - lever
paleta (nf) - palette
paleta (nf) - lollipop
palma (nf) - palm tree
paloma (nf) - dove
paloma (nf) - pigeon
pan (nm) - bread
panadero (nm), panadera (nf) - baker
pan de jengibre (nm) - gingerbread
panal de miel (nm) - honeycomb
pandero (nm) - tambourine
panecillo (nm) - bun, roll
panquecito (nm) - muffin, cupcake
pantalones (nm pl) - pants
pantalones de trabajo (nm pl) - overalls
pantalones vaqueros (nm pl) - jeans
pap (nm) - dad
papa (nf) - potato
papagayo (nm) - parrot
papel (nm) - paper
papel de lija (nm) - sandpaper
papelera (nf) - wastebasket
paquete (nm) - package
paraguas (nm) - umbrella
paralelo (adj) - parallel
parar (v) - stop
76
parecido/parecida (adj) - alike
pared (nf) - wall
parientes (n) - kin
prpado (nm) - eyelid
parque zoolgico (nm) - zoo
pasta dentfrica (nf) - toothpaste
pastel (nm) - cake, pie
patin de cuchilla, patin de hielo (nm) - ice
skate
patinos de ruedas (nm pl) - roller skates
patio (nm) - yard
patito (nm) - duckling
pato (nm) - duck
pavo real (nm) - peacock
payaso (nm) - clown
pecera (nf) - fish bowl
peine (nm) - comb
peligro (nm) - danger
pelo (nm) - hair
pelota (nf) - ball
pelota de bisbol (nf) - baseball
peluca (nf) - wig
pennsula (nf) - peninsula
pensar (v) - think
pentgono (nm) - pentagon
pepino (nm) - cucumber
pequeita/pequeito (adj) - little
percuson (nf) - percussion instruments
pescado (nm) - fish
pescar (v) - to fish
pequea/pequeo (adj) - small
pera (nf) - pear
percha (nf) - hanger
peridico (nm) - newspaper
perrera (nf) - doghouse
perro (nm) - dog
perro caliente (nm) - hot dog
persona (nf) - person
pestaa (nf) - eyelash
petirrojo (nm) - robin
pez (nm) - fish
piano (nm) - piano
pichn (nm) - pigeon
pico (nm) - beak
piedra (nf) - rock, stone
piedrecita (nf) - pebble
pierna (nf) - leg
pies (nm pl) - feet
pijamas (nm pl) - pajamas
pila de heno (nf) - haystack
pimienta (nm) - pepper
pincel (nm) - paintbrush
pingino (nm) - penguin
pintar (v) - to paint
pirmide (nf) - pyramid
pirata (nf) - pirate
pitcher (nm) - pitcher
pizza (nf) - pizza
placa (nf) - license plate
plancha (nf) - iron
planeta (nm) - planet
planetario (nm) - planetarium
planta (nf) - plant
pltano (nm) - plantain, banana
platillos (nm pl) - cymbals
plato (nm) - plate, dish
playa (nf) - beach
pluma (nf) - pen, feather
Plutn (nm) - Pluto
Podria repetir, por favor? - Please repeat
that.
polica (nf) - police officer
polgono (nm) - polygons
polilla (nf) - moth
pollito (nm) - chick
pollo (nm) - chicken
Polo Norte (nm) - North Pole
Polo Sur (nm) - South Pole
por favor - please
por qu - why
postre (nm) - dessert
prado (nm) - meadow
presidente (nm) - president
primavera (nf) - spring
primero/primera (adj) - first
princesa (nf) - princess
prncipe (nm) - prince
probar (v) - taste
prueba (nf) - test
pueblo (nm) - town
puente (nm) - bridge
puerta (nf) - gate, door
pulgar (nm) - thumb
pulpo (nm) - octopus
pulsera (nf) - bracelet .
punto (nm) - point
punto (nm) - dot
pupila (nf) - pupil


Q


quasar (nm) - quasar
qu - what
Qu color es este? - What colour is it?
Qu hora es? - What time is it?
quelpo (nm) - kelp
queso (nm) - cheese
quetzal (nm) - quetzal
quin - who
77
quilla (nf) - keel
quince (n, adj) - fifteen
quintillizo (nm) - quintuplet
quiz - maybe



R


radio (nf) - radio
radar (nm) - radar
radiografa (nf) - x-ray
rallador (nm) - grater
ramo (nm) - bouquet
rana (nf) - frog
rpido (adj) - fast
raqueta (nf) - racket
rascacielos (nm) - skyscraper
rascamoo (nm), zinia (nf) - zinnia
rastrillar (v) - to rake
rastrillo (nm) - rake
rata (nf) - rat
rata del trigo (nf) - hamster
ratn (nm) - mouse, computer mouse
ratn almizclero (nm) - muskrat
raya (nf) - stingray
receta de cocina (nf) - recipe
recibir (v) - receive
recipiente (nm) - container
recipiente de basura (nf) - garbage can
rectngulo (nm) - rectangle
red (nf) - net
refrigerador (nm) - refrigerator
regadera (nf) - watering can
regaliz (nm) - licorice
regalo (nm) - gift, present
regla (nf) - ruler
rehilandera (nf) - pinwheel
reina (nf) - queen
rer (v) - laugh
relmpago (nm) - lightning
reloj (nm) - clock, watch
reloj de cuclillo (nm) - cuckoo clock
remo (nm) - oar, paddle
renacuajo (nm) - tadpole
reno (nm) - reindeer
repollo (nm) - cabbage
restar (v) - subtract
resta (nf) - subtraction
revs - upside down
revista (nf) - magazine
rey (nm) - king
ro (nm) - river
rinoceronte (nm) - rhinoceros
robot (nm) - robot
roca (nf) - rock
rodilla (nf) - knee
rodillo de cocina (nm) - rolling pin
rojo (adj) - red
rollo de papel (nm) - scroll
rombo (nm) - diamond
rompecabezas (nm) - puzzle, jigsaw puzzle
romper (v) - break
rondana (nf) - washer
ropa (nf) - clothes
ropa sucia (nf) - laundry
ropa interior (nf) - underwear
rosa, rosado (adj) - pink
rosa (nf) - rose
rosquilla (nf) - doughnut
rub (nm) - ruby
rueda (nf) - wheel



S



sbado (nm) - Saturday
saco (nm), bolsa (nf) - sack
saco de dormir (nm) - sleeping bag
sal (nf) - salt
sala (nf) - living room
salchichn (nm) - salami
salida (nf) - exit
saltamontes (nm) - grasshopper
saltar (v) - jump
sandalia (nf) - sandal
saludable (adj) - healthy
sanda (nf) - watermelon
sapo (nm) - toad
sartn (nf) - pan, frying pan
satlite (nm) - satellite
Saturno (nm) - Saturn
saxofn (nm) - saxophone
segundo (adj) - second
segundo (nm) - second
segundero (nm) - second hand
seis (n, adj) - six
sello postal (nm), estampilla (nf), timbre
postal (nm) - stamp
selva (nf) - jungle
semforo (nm) - traffic light
semicirculo (nm) - semicircle
seal de alto (nf) - stop sign
seora (nf) - lady, Mrs
sentarse (v) - sit
septiembre (nm) - September
78
serpiente (nf) - snake
serrucho (nm) - saw
servilleta (nf) - napkin
sesenta (n, adj) - sixty
setenta (n, adj) - seventy
si - yes
siesta (nf) - nap, siesta
siete (n, adj) - seven
signo de admiracin (nm) - exclamation
point
signo de interrogacin (nm) - questions
mark
silbato (nm) - whistle
silla (nf) - chair
silla de ruedas (nf) - wheelchair
silln (nm) - armchair
sirena (nf) - mermaid
sobre (prep) - over
sobre (nm) - envelope
sof (nm) - sofa, couch
soga (nf) - rope
sol (nm) - sun
soldado (nm) - soldier
sombrero (nm) - hat
sombrilla (nf) - umbrella
sonrisa (nf) - smile
sopa (nf) - soup
Soy de... - I am from...
spray (nm) - spray can
sucette (nf) - lollipop
sucio (adj) - dirty
sudeste (adv, n) - southeast
sudoeste (adv, n) - southwest
suelo (nm) - soil
sumar (v) - add
sur (adv, n) - south



T



tablilla (nf) - license plate
taladro (nm) - drill
tallo (nm) - stem
taln (nm) - heel
talonario de cheques (nm) - checkbook
tambor (nm) - drum
tapa (nf) - lid
tarde (adv) - late
tarjeta (nf) - card
tarjeta de crdito (nf) - credit card
tarjeta del Da de San Valentn (nf) -
valentine card
tarro (nm) - jar
taxi (nm) - taxi, cab
taza (nf) - cup
taza grande (nf) - mug
taza medidora (nf) - measuring cup
tazn (nm) - bowl
I love you. - Te amo.
t (nm) - tea
tebeo (nm) - comics
techo (nm) - roof
teclado (nm) - keyboard
t helado (nm) - iced tea
tejer (v) - knit
tele (nf) - television, TV
telfono (nm) - telephone
teleraa, tela de araa (nf) - cobweb, web
telescopio (nm) - telescope
televisin (nf) - television
temeroso (adj) - scared
tmpano de hielo (nm) - iceberg
temprano (adj, adv) - early
tenedor (nm) - fork
tengo - I have
Tengo hambre. - I am hungry.
tenis (nm) - tennis
termmetro (nm) - thermometer
tetera (nf) - kettle, teapot
tetrabrik (nm) - carton
ta (nf) - aunt
tiburn (nm) - shark
tiempo (nm) - time
tienda de campaa (nf) - tent
tiempo (nm) - weather
tierra (nf) - land, earth
tigre (nm) - tiger
tijeras (nf pl) - scissors
timbre (nm) - stamp
timbal (nm) - kettledrum
tina (nf) - vat
tinta (nf) - ink
tira cmica (nf) - cartoon
tirar (v) - pull
tirar (v) - throw
ttere (nm) - puppet
toalla (nf) - towel
tobillo (nm) - ankle
tobogn (nm) - slide
tocador (nm) - dresser
tocar (v) - touch
todo - all
tomar (v) - drink
tomate (nm) - tomato
tormenta (nf) - storm
tornado (nm) - tornado
tornillo (nm) - screw
toro (nm) - bull
79
toronja (nf) - grapefruit
torta de cumpleaos (nf) - birthday cake
tortilla de huevos (nf) - omelet
tortuga (nf) - turtle
tostador (nf) - toaster
trabalenguas (nm) - tongue twister
toucan (nm) - toucan
trabajar (v) - to work
tractor (nm) - tractor
traje (nm) - costume
traje de bao (nm) - bathing suit, swimsuit
traje espacial (nm) - spacesuit
transbordador espacial (nm) - space shuttle
trapeador (nm) - mop
trapezoide (nm) - trapezoid
trece (n, adj) - thirteen
treinta (n, adj) - thirty
tren (nm) - train
tren de aterrizaje (nm) - landing gear
tres (n, adj) - three
tringulo (nm) - triangle
trincas (nf pl) - triplets
triste (adj) - sad
tritn (nm) - newt
trmbon de varas (nm) - trombone
trompa (nf) - trunk
trompeta (nf) - trumpet, horn
tronco (nm) - trunk
tronco de rbol (nm) - log
trotar (v) - jog
tuba (nf) - tuba
tubo (nm) - tube
tuerca (nf) - nut
tulipn (nm) - tulip



U



ltimo/ltima (adj) - last
ua (nf) - fingernail
ua (nf) - nail
unicornio (nm) - unicorn
uniforme (nm) - uniform
uno (n, adj) - one
Urano (nm) - Uranus
utensilios (n pl) - utensils
uva (nf) - grape



V


vaca (nf) - cow
vaco/vaca (adj) - empty
valle (nm) - valley
vaso (nm) - glass
vecindad (nf) - neighborhood
vehculo (nm) - vehicle
veinte (n, adj) - twenty
vela (nf) - candle
vela (nf) - sail
venado (nm) - deer
ventana (nf) - window
ventilador (nm) - fan
Venus (nm) - Venus
ver (v) - see
verano (nm) - summer
verde (adj) - green
verdura (nf) - vegetables
vrtebra (nf) - vertebra
vestido (nm) - dress
video (nm) - videotape
viento-madera (nm) - woodwind
viento-metal (nm) - brass instruments
viernes (nm) - Friday
viola (nf) - viola
violeta (adj) - violet
violn (nm) - violin
violoncelo (nm) - cello
vocal (nf) - vowel
volar (v) - fly
volcn (nm) - volcano
vrtice (nm) - vortex


W



wedge (nm) - wedge
wok (nm) - wok


X


xilfono (nm) - xylophone



Y
80


y (conj) - and
yac (nm) - yak
yarda (nf) - yardstick
yate (nm) - yacht
yogur (nm) - yogurt
yema de huevo (nf) - yolk
yo (pron) - I
yo-y (nm) - yo-yo
yunta (nf) - yoke



Z



zanahoria (nf) - carrot
zancudo (nm) - mosquito
zapatilla (nf) - slipper
zapato (nm) - shoe
zarpa (nf) - claw
zarzamora (nf) - blackberry
zepeln (nm) - zeppelin
zigzag (nm) - zigzag
zona (nf) - zone
zoolgico (nm) - zoo
zologo (nm) - zoologist
zorro (nm) - fox



English - Spanish
Dictionary


A

above (adv, prep) - arriba de
acorn (n) - la bellota
actor (n) - el actor
actress (n) - la actriz
add (v) - sumar, aadir
addition (n) - la adicin
address (n) - las seas (pl), la direccin
adults (n) - los adultos (pl)
advertisement, ad (n) - el anuncio
aeroplane (n) - el avin
afraid (adj) ~to be afraid - tener miedo
Africa (n) - frica
afternoon (n) - la tarde
against (prep) - contra
age (n) - la edad
agency (n) - la agencia
aileron (n) - el alern
airport (n) - el aeropuerto
airmail (n) - por avin
aisle (n) - el pasillo
alarm clock (n) - el despertador
alike (adj) - parecido, parecida
all (adj, pron) - todo
alley (n) - el callejn, la calleja
alligator (n) - el caimn
alone (adj) - solo, sola
alphabet (n) - el alfabeto
amber (n) - el mbar
ambulance (n) - la ambulancia
among (prep) - entre
anatomy (n) - la anatoma
anchor (n) - el ancla
and (conj) - y
angel (n) - el ngel
angle (n) - el ngulo
angry (n) - enojado
animal (n) - el animal
animals (n) - los animales (pl)
ankle (n) - el tobillo
ant (n) - la hormiga
Antarctica (n) - Antrtico
antelope (n) - el antlope
antler (n) - el asta
ape (n) - el mono
apple (n) - la manzana
apricot (n) - el albaricoque
April (n) - abril
apron (n) - el delantal
aquarium (n) - el acuario
arch (n) - el arco
archer (n) - el arquero
archipelago (n) - el archipilago
architect (n) - el arquitecto, la arquitecta
Arctic Ocean (n) - el Ocano Artico
area code (n) - el prefijo
arithmetic (n) - la aritmtica
arm (n) - el brazo
armchair (n) - el silln
around (prep) - alrededor de
arrow (n) - la flecha
art (n) - el arte
art gallery (n) - la galeria de arte
artichoke (n) - la alcachofa
artist (n) - el/la artista
Asia (n) - Asia (f)
ask (v) - preguntar
81
ask the way - preguntar el camino
asleep (adj) - dormido
asteroid (n) - el asteroide
astronaut (n) - el/la astronauta
astronomy (n) - la astronoma
Atlantic Ocean (n) - Ocano Atlntico (m)
athlete (n) - el/la atleta
atom (n) - el tomo
August (n) - agosto (m)
aunt (n) - la ta
aurora (n) - la aurora
Australia (n) - Australia (f)
Austria (n) - Austria (f)
automobile (n) - el automvil
autumn (n) - el otoo
avenue (n) - la avenida
avocado (n) - el aguacate
awl (n) - la lezna
ax (n) - el hacha


B

baby (n) - el beb
backgammon (n) - el backgammon
backpack (n) - la mochila
bag (n) - la bolsa
baker (n) - el panadero (m), la panadera (f)
ball (n) - la pelota
ballerina (n) - la bailarina
balloon (n) - el globo
banana (n) - el pltano
banjo (n) - el banjo
barn (n) - el establo
barrel (n) - el barril
baseball (n) - la pelota de bisbol
baseball bat (n) - el bate
basket (n) - la cesta, la canasta
bassoon (n) - el contrafagote
bat (n) - el murcilago
bathing suit (n) - el traje de bao
bathroom (n) - el cuarto de bao
bathtub (n) - la baera
bay (n) - la baha
beach (n) - la playa
beak (n) - el pico
bear (n) - el oso
beautiful (adj) - bella (f), bello (m)
beaver (n) - el castor
bed (n) - la cama
bee (n) - la abeja
beetle (n) - el escarabajo
behind (prep) - detrs de
bell (n) - la campana
bench (n) - el banco
between (prep) - entre
bicycle (n) - la bicicleta
big (adj) - grande
bill (n) - el billete
billion (n) - mil millones
bird (n) - el pjaro
birthday (n) - el cumpleaos
birthday cake (n) - la torta de cumpleaos
black (adj) - negro
blackberry (n) - la zarzamora
blackbird (n) - el mirlo
blimp (n) - el dirigible
block (n) - el cubo
blouse (n) - la blusa
blue (adj) - azul
bluebird (n) - azulejo
boat (n) - el bote
body (n) - el cuerpo
bone (n) - el hueso
bonfire (n) - la hoguera
book (n) - el libro
bookcase (n) - la estantera para libros
boom (v) - retumbar, (fig) prosperar
boot (n) - la bota
borrow (v) - pedir prestado
bother (v) - molestar, (worry) preocupar
bottle (n) - la botella
bottom (n) el fondo, (of hill) el pie, (buttocks)
el trasero
bouquet (n) - el ramo
bow (n) - (knot) el lazo
bow (n) - (weapon, mus.) el arco
bowels (n) - los intestinos (pl), (fig) las
entraas
bowl (n) - el tazn
box (n) - la caja
boy (n) - el chico, el muchacho, (young) el
nio
bra (n) - el sostn, el sujetador
bracelet (n) - la pulsera
brake (v) - frenar
brake (n) - el freno
brain (n) - el cerebro
brand (n) la marca
brass instruments (n) - el viento-metal
breach (n) - la violacin
bread (n) - el pan
breadcrumbs (n) - las migajas (pl)
break (v) - romper, quebrantar
breakdown (n) - (tech) la falla, (med) el
colapso
breakfast (n) - el desayuno
bride (n) la novia
bridegroom (n) - el novio
bridge (n) - el puente
brief (adj) - breve
82
briefcase (n) - la cartera, el maletn
brigade (n) - la brigada
bright (adj) - luminoso
brilliance (n) - la brillantez, el brillo
brilliant (adj) - brilliante
broccoli (n) - el brcul, el brculi
brochure (n) - el folleto
broom (n) - la escoba
broth (n) - el caldo
brother (n) - el hermano
brow (n) - la frente
brown (adj) - marrn
brush (v) - cepillar
brush (n) - el cepillo, (large) la escoba
bubble (n) - la burbuja
bubble (v) - burbujear
bubbly (adj) - burbujeante
bucket (n) - el cubo, la cubeta
buckle (n) - la hebilla
bud (n) - el brote, el capullo
budget (n) - el presupuesto
buffalo (n) - el bfalo
buffoon (n) - el payaso, el bufn
bug (n) - el bicho, (germ) el microbio
bugle (n) - la corneta
build (v) - construir
building (n) - el edificio
bulb (n) - el bulbo, (elec) la bombilla
Bulgaria (n) - Bulgaria (nf)
bull (n) - el toro
bulldog (n) - el bulldog
bulldozer (n) - la oruga, el aplanadora
bullet (n) - la bala
bun (n) - el bollo, el panecillo
bunch (n) - el manojo, (of people) el grupo
bunk (n) - la litera
bunny (n) - el conejito
burglar (n) - el ladrn
burn (v) - quemar, arder
bury (v) - enterrar
bus (n) - el autobs
busy (adj) - ocupado, (street) concurrido
but (conj) - pero
butter (n) - la mantequilla
buttercup (n) - el rannculo
butterfly (n) - la mariposa
buttock (n) - la nalga
button (n) - el botn


C

cab (n) - el taxi
cabbage (n) - el repollo
cactus (n) - el cacto, el nopal
cage (n) - la jaula
cake (n) - el bizcocho, el pastel
calendar (n) - el calendario
camel (n) - el camello
camera (n) - la cmara fotogrfica
camp (n) - el campamento
campfire (n) - la fogata
camper (n) - el/la campista, (veh.) la
caravana
can (n) - la lata
canary (n) - canario
candle (n) - la vela
candy (n) - los caramelos, los dulces (pl)
cane (n) - el bastn
canoe (n) - la canoa
can opener (n) - el abrelatas
Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?,
Me ayuda por favor?
cap (n) - el gorro
car (n) - el carro
card (n) - la tarjeta
cards (n) - la baraja, los naipes (pl)
carnation (n) - el clavel
carpet (n) - la alfombra
carrot (n) - la zanahoria
cart (n) - la carreta
carton (n) - el tetrabrik
cartoon (n) - la tira cmica
cast (n) - la escayola
castle (n) - el castillo
cat (n) - el gato
caterpillar (n) - la oruga
cauliflower (n) - la coliflor
cave (n) - la cueva
celery (n) - el apio
cell (n) - clula
cello (n) - el violoncelo
cent (n) - un centavo
chair (n) - la silla
change purse (n) - el monedero
check (n) - el cheque
checkbook (n) - el talonario de cheques
checkers (n) - las damas (pl)
cheek (n) - la mejilla
cheese (n) - el queso
cherry (n) - la cereza
chick (n) - el pollito
chicken (n) - el pollo
child (n) - la nia (f), el nio (m)
children (n) - los nios (pl)
chimney (n) - la chimenea
chimpanzee (n) - el chimpanc
chin (n) - la barbilla
chipmunk (n) - la ardilla listada
chisel (n) - el formn
chocolate (n) - el chocolate
83
church (n) - la iglesia
cicada (n) - la cigarra
circle (n) - el crculo
circus (n) - el circo
clap (n) - aplaudir
clarinet (n) - el clarinete
claw (n) - la zarpa, la garra
clay (n) - la arcilla
clean (adj) - limpio
clock (n) - el reloj
closed (adj) - cerrado
clothes (n) - la ropa
cloud (n) - la nube
clown (n) - el payaso
coat (n) - el abrigo
cobweb (n) - la telaraa
cocoon (n) - el capullo
coffee (n) - el caf
coffin (n) - el atad
coin (n) - la moneda
cold (adj) - fro
colour (n) - el color
comb (n) - el peine
comet (n) - el cometa
comics (n) - el tebeo
compass (n) - la brjula
computer (n) - la computadora
cone (n) - el cono
constellation (n) - la constelacin
container (n) - el recipiente
cookie (n) - la galleta
coral (n) - el coral
corn (n) - el maz
costume (n) - el traje
cotton candy (n) - el algodn de azcar
couch (n) - el sof
cow (n) - la vaca
coyote (n) - el coyote
crab (n) - el cangrejo
crafts (n) - las manualidades (pl)
crane (n) - la gra, (bird) la grulla
crayon (n) - el creyn
cream (n) - la crema
credit card (n) - la tarjeta de crdito
crescent (n) - el creciente
crocodile (n) - el cocodrilo
crop (n) - la cosecha
crosswalk (n) - el cruce para peatones, el
cruce peatonal
crow (n) - el cuervo
crown (n) - la corona
cry (v) - llorar
crystal (n) - el cristal
cube - el cubo
cuckoo (n) - el cuco, el cuclillo
cuckoo clock (n) - el reloj de cuclillo
cucumber (n) - el pepino
cup (n) - la taza, (prize) la copa
cupboard (n) - el armario, la alacena
cupcake (n) -los panquecitos (pl)
curtains (n) - las cortinas (pl)
cute (adj) - linda (f), lindo (m)
cyclone (n) - el cicln
cylinder (n) - el cilindro
cymbals (n) - los platillos (pl)




D


dad (n) - el pap
daffodil (n) - el narciso
daisy (n) - la margarita
dance (v) - bailar
dancer (n) - la bailarina (f), el bailarn (m)
danger (n) - peligro
dartboard (n) - la diana
darts (n pl) - los dardos
daughter (n) - la hija
day (n) - el da
December (n) - diciembre
deer (n) - el venado
desert (n) - el desierto
desk (n) - el escritorio
dessert (n) - el postre
diamond (n) - el diamante
diamond (n) - rombo
dice (n pl) - los dados
diet (n) - dieta
dinner (n) - comida
dinosaur (n) - el dinosaurio
dirt (n)mugre
dirty (adj) - sucio
dish (n) - el plato
divide (v) - dividir
division (n) - la divisin
doctor (n) - el doctor
dog (n) - el perro
doghouse (n) - la perrera
doll (n) - la mueca
dollar (n) - el dlar
dollhouse (n) - la casita de muecas
dolphin (n) - el delfn
dominoes (n) - el domin
donkey (n) - el burro
door (n) - la puerta
dot (n) - el punto
double (adj) - doble
double bass (n) - el contrabajo
84
dough (n) - la masa
doughnut (n) - la rosquilla
dove (n) - la paloma
down (adv) - abajo
Do you speak English? - Hablas ingls?
Do you understand English? - Entiende el
ingls?
dozen (n) - la docena
dragon (n) - el dragn
dragonfly (n) - la liblula
drapes (n) - las cortinas
draw (v) - dibujar
drawing (n) - el dibujo
dress (n) - el vestido
dresser (n) - el tocador
drill (n) - el taladro
drink (v) - beber, tomar
dropper (n) - el gotero
drum (n) - el tambor
duck (n) - el pato
duckling (n) - el patito
dump truck (n) - el camin de volteo



E

each (adj) - cada
eagle (n) - el guila
ear (n) - la oreja
early (adj) - temprano
earmuffs (n pl) - las orejeras
earring (n) - el arete
earth (n) - la Tierra
earth (n) - tierra
earthworm (n) - lombriz de tierra
easel (n) - el caballete
east (n, adv) - este
eat (v) - comer
eel (n) - la anguila
egg (n) - el huevo
eggplant (n) - la berenjena
eight (n, adj) - ocho
eighteen (n, adj) - dieciocho
eighty (n, adj) - ochenta
elbow (n) - el codo
electric guitar (n) - la guitarra elctrica
electricity (n) - la electricidad
elephant (n) - el elefante
elevator (n) - el ascensor
eleven (n, adj) - once
elk (n) - alce
ellipse (n) - la elipse
emerald (n) - la esmeralda
empty (adj) - vaco/vaca
energy (n) - la energa
engine (n) - el motor
engine (n) - el locomotora
English horn (n) - el corno ingls
entrance (n) - la entrada
envelope (n) - el sobre
equal (adj) - igual
equator (n) - el equador
eraser (n) - la goma de borrar
Europe (n) - Europa
evening (n) - el anochecer
every (adj) - cada
exam (n) - el examen
exclamation point (n) - signo de admiracin
exercise (v) - hacer ejercicio
exit (n) - la salida
eye (n) - el ojo
eyebrow (n) - la ceja
eyedropper (n) - el gotero
eyeglasses (n pl) - los lentes
eyelash (n) - la pestaa
eyelid (n) - el prpado




F


face (n) - la cara
factory (n) - la fbrica
fall (autumn) (n) - el otoo
family (n) - la familia
fan (n) - el ventilador
farm (n) - la granja/la finca
fast (adj) - rpido
fat (adj) - gordo/gorda
father (n) - el padre
faucet (n) - el grifo
feather (n) - la pluma
February (n) - febrero
feet (n) - los pies (pl)
femur (n) - el fmur
fence (n) - la cerca
fern (n) - el helecho
fiddle (n) - violn
fifteen (n, adj) - quince
fifty (n, adj) - cincuenta
file (n) - la lima
fin (n) - la aleta
finger (n) - el dedo
fingernail (n) - la ua
fire (n) - el fuego
fire engine (n) - el coche de bomberos, la
85
bomba de incendios
fire fighter (n) - el bombero (m), la bombera
(f)
fire hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de
incendio
fireplace (n) - la chimenea
firewood (n) - la lea
fireworks (n) - los fuegos artificiales (pl)
first (adj) - primero/primera
fish (n) - el pez, el pescado
fish bowl (n) - la pecera
fish (v) - pescar
fishing rod (n) - caa de pescar
five (n, adj) - cinco
flag (n) - la bandera
flame (n) - la llama
flamingo (n) - el flamenco
flashlight (n) - la linterna
flip-flop (n) - la chancla
flour (n) - la harina
flower (n) - la flor
flowers (n) - flores (pl)
flute (n) - la flauta
fly (v) - volar
fly (n) - la mosca
foliage (n) - el follaje
folk tales (n) - leyendas folclricas (pl)
food (n) - la comida
football (n) - el ftbol
footprint (n) - la huella del pie
footstool (n) - el escabel
forehead (n) - la frente
forest (n) - el bosque
forget-me-nots (n) - nomeolvides (pl)
fork (n) - el tenedor
forty (n, adj) - cuarenta
fossil (n) - fsil
four (n, adj) - cuatro
fourteen (n, adj) - catorce
fox (n) - el zorro
freezer (n) - el congelador
French horn (n) - el corno de caza
Friday (n) - viernes
fried egg (n) - el huevo frito
friend (n) - el amigo
frightened (adj) - asustado
frog (n) - la rana
fruit (n) - la fruta
frying pan (n) - la sartn
full (adj) - lleno/llena
funnel (n) - el embudo
furniture (n) - los muebles (pl)
fuselage (n) - el fuselaje


G


galaxy (n) - la galaxia
game (n) - el juego
garbage can (n) - la recipiente de basura/el
basurero
garbage truck (n) - el camin de basura
garden (n) - el jardn
gate (n) - la puerta
gazelle (n) - la gacela
gem (n) - la gema
geography (n) - geografia
ghost (n) - el fantasma
gift (n) - el regalo
gingerbread (n) - el pan de jengibre
giraffe (n) - la jirafa
girl (n) - la chica, la muchacha, la nia
give (v) - dar
glass (n) - el vaso
glasses (n pl) - los lentes
globe (n) - el globo
glove (n) - el guante
goat (n) - la cabra
golf (n) - el golf
golf ball (n) - la bola de golf
golf clubs (n) - los palos de golf
gong (n) - el gong
good afternoon - buenas tardes
good-bye - adis
good evening - buenas noches
good morning - buenos dias
good night - buenas noches
goose (n) - el ganso
gorilla (n) - el gorila
grandfather (n) - el abuelo
grandmother (n) - la abuela
grapefruit (n) - la toronja
grapes (n pl) - las uvas
grass (n) - la hierba/el csped
grasshopper (n) - el saltamontes
grater (n) - el rallador
gray (adj) - gris
green (adj) - verde
greenhouse (n) - el invernadero
guest book (n) - libro de visitas
guitar (n) - la guitarra
gulf (n) - el golfo


H



86
hair (n) - el pelo
hairbrush (n) - el cepillo del pelo,el cepillo de
cabeza
half (n) - la mitad
Halloween - el da de Halloween
ham (n) - el jamn
hamburger (n) - la hamburguesa
hammer (n) - el martillo
hammock (n) - la hamaca
hamster (n) - la marmota, la rata del trigo
hands (n) - las manos
hanger (n) - la percha
happy (adj) - contenta/contento
happy birthday - feliz cumpleaos
Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo!
harp (n) - el arpa
hat (n) - el sombrero
haystack (n) - pila de heno
head (n) - la cabeza
healthy (adj) - saludable
hear (v) - or
heart (n) - el corazn
hedgehog (n) - el erizo
heel (n) - el taln
helicopter (n) - el helicptero
Hello - hola!
helmet (n) - el casco
Help me please. - Aydeme por favor.
hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
hen (n) - la gallina
hexagon (n) - el hexgono
hill (n) - la colina
hippopotamus (n) - el hipoptamo
hips (n) - las caderas
hive (n) - la colmena
hoe (n) - la azada, el azadn
hog (n) - el cerdo
hole (n) - el hoyo
holly (n) - el acebo
home (n) - el hogar
honey (n) - la miel
honeycomb (n) - el panal de miel
hoof (n) - el casco
hook (n) - el gancho
horn (n) - el cuerno
horn (n) - la trompeta
hornet (n) - avispn
horse (n) - el caballo
horseshoe (n) - la herradura
hose (n) - la manguera
hot (adj) - caliente
hot dog (n) - el perro caliente
hour (n) - la hora
hour hand (n) - la manecilla de la hora
house (n) - la casa
How? - Cmo?
How are you? - Cmo ests?
How do you say...? - Cmo se dice...?
How much does it cost? - Cunto es?
hull (n) - el casco
hummingbird (n) - el colibr
hundred (n, adj) - cien
hungry (adj) - hambriento
hurricane (n) - el huracn
husband (n) - el marido
hut (n) - la choza
hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de
incendio
hyena (n) - la hiena




I


I (pron) - yo
I am... - Estoy...
I am called... - (My name is...) Me llamo...
I am from... - Soy de...
I am fine. - Estoy bien.
I am happy. - Estoy alegre.
I am hungry. - Tengo hambre.
I am lost. - Estoy perdido.
I am sad. - Estoy triste.
I am sick. (n) - Estoy enfermo.
ice (n) - el hielo
iceberg (n) - tmpano de hielo
ice cream (n) - el helado
ice cream cone (n) - el barquillo de helado
iced tea (n) - el t helado
ice skate (n) - el patin de cuchilla, el patin de
hielo
icicle (n) - el carmbano
idea (n) - la idea
I don't know. - No lo s.
I don't like it. - No me gusta.
I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo espaol.
I don't understand. - No entiendo. No
comprendo.
igloo (n) - el igl
I have - tengo
I like it. - Me gusta.
illusion (n) - la ilusin
I love you. - Te amo.
in (prep) - en
Indian Ocean (n) - el Ocano Indico
I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico.
in front of (prep) - delante de
ink (n) - la tinta
insect (n) - el insecto
87
inside (adv, prep) - dentro
intersection (n) - la interseccin
iris (n) - el iris
iris (n) - el lirio
iron (n) - la plancha
island (n) - la isla
isthmus (n) - el istmo
ivy (n) - la hiedra
I would like... - Me gustaria...



J


jacket (n) - la chaqueta
jack-in-the-box (n) - el payaso sorpresa
jack-o'-lantern (n) - calabaza iluminada,
fuego fatuo
jaguar (n) - el jaguar
jam (n) - la mermelada
January (n) - enero
Japan (n) - J apn
jar (n) - el tarro
jay (n) - el arrendajo
jeans (n) - los pantalones vaqueros
jelly (n) - la jalea
jellyfish (n) - la medusa
jet (n) - el avin de reaccin
jewel (n) - la joya
jewelry (n) - las joyas
jigsaw puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas
job (n) - la ocupacin
jog (v) - trotar
jokes (n pl) - bromas
jug (n) - la jarra
juggle (v) - hacer juegos malabares
juice (n) - el jugo
July (n) - julio
jump (v) - saltar
jump rope (n) - la cuerda para brincar
June (n) - junio
jungle (n) - la selva/la jungla
Jupiter (n) - J piter



K



kaleidoscope (n) - calidoscopio
kangaroo (n) - el canguro
kapok (n) - el kapoc, el rbol de kapoc
karate (n) - el karate
kazoo (n) - el kazoo
keel (n) - la quilla
kelp (n) - el quelpo, el alga marina
kettle (n) - la tetera
kettledrum (n) - el timbal
key (n) - la llave
keyboard (n) - el teclado
kids (n) - los nios
kilogram (n) - el kilogramo
kin (n) - parientes
king (n) - el rey
kitchen (n) - la cocina
kite (n) - la cometa
kitten (n) - el gatito
knee (n) - la rodilla
kneel (v) - arrodillarse
knife (n) -el cuchillo
knit (v) - tejer
knot (n) - el nudo
koala (n) - el koala



L


label (n) - la etiqueta
labour (n) - el trabajo
lace (n) - el encaje
lad (n) - el muchacho
ladder (n) -la escalera
ladle (n) - la cucharn
lady (n) - la seora, (young ~) la seorita
ladybug (n) - la mariquita
lagoon (n) - la laguna
lake (n) - el lago
lamb (n) - el cordero
lame (adj) - cojo
lamp (n) - la lmpara
lance (n) - la lanza
land (n) - la tierra
landing gear (n) - el tren de aterrizaje
lap (n) - el regazo
large (adj) - grande
lash (v) - azotar
lasso (n) - el lazo
last (adj) - ltimo, ltima
last night - la noche pasada
latch (n) - el picaporte
late (adj, adv) - tarde
latine (n) - la letrina
laugh (v) - rer
launch (v) - lanzar
laundry (n) - la ropa sucia
88
laundry basket (n) - la canasta para ropa
lava (n) - la lava
lavish (v) - prodigar
law (n) - la ley
lawn (n) - el csped
lawn mower (n) - la cortadora de csped
lay (v) - poner
leaf (n) - la hoja
league (n) - la liga
leak (n) - la gotera
leap (v) - saltar
learn (v) - aprender
leather (n) - la piel, el cuero
leave (v) - dejar, (depart from) marcharse de
left (adj) - izquierda
left-overs (n) - los restos (pl)
leg (n) - la pierna
legend (n) - la leyenda
lemon (n) - el limn
lemonade (n) - la limonada
leopard (n) - el leopardo
less (adv, prep) - menos
lesson (n) - la clase
let (v) - dejar, (lease) alquilar
letter (n) - la carta, (of the alphabet) la letra
letterbox (n) - el buzn
letters (n) - las letras (pl)
lettuce (n) - la lechuga
level (n) - el nivel
lever (n) - la palanca
liar (n) - el mentiroso
library (n) - la biblioteca
licence (n) - la licencia, (driving ~) el carn
de conducir
license plate (n) - la placa, la tablilla
lick (v) - lamer
licorice (n) - el regaliz
lid (n) - la tapa
lie (v) - echarse
lie (v) - (telling lies) mentir
lie (n) - la mentira
life (n) - la vida
light (n) - la luz
lightbulb (n) - la bombilla
lighten (v) - (give light to) iluminar, aclarar
lighter (n) - el mechero
lighthouse (n) - el faro
lighting (n) - el alumbrado
lightning (n) - el relmpago
like (v) - gustarle
lily (n) - la azucena
limb (n) - el miembro
lime (n) - la lima
line (n) - la lnea
lion (n) - el len
lip (n) - el labio
list (n) - la lista
little (aj) - pequeita, pequeito
live (v) - vivir
living room (n) - la sala
lizard (n) - la lagartija
llama (n) - la llama
load (n) - la carga
load (v) - cargar
lobster (n) - la langosta
local (adj) - local
lock (n) - la cerradura
lock (v) - cerrar con llave
loft (n) - el desvn
log (n) - el leo, tronco de rbol
logo (n) - el logotipo
lollipop (n) - la paleta
long (adj) - largo
loo (n) - (fam) les servicios (pl)
look (v) - mirar, (seem) parecer, (search)
buscar
loud (adj) - fuerte
lounge (n) - el saln
love (n) - el amor
lunatic (n) - el loco
lunch (n) - el almuerzo
lynx (n) - el lince


M



macaroni (n) - macarrones
macaw (n) - el guacamayo
mad (adj) - enojado
magazine (n) - la revista
magic (n) - el magia
magnet (n) - el imn
magnifying glass (n) - lupa
mail (n) - el correo
mailbox (n) - el buzn
mammal (n) - el mamfero
mammoth (n) - el mamut
man (n) - el hombre
many - muchos
map (n) - el mapa
maple (n) - el arce
maracas (n) - las maracas
marble (n) - mrmol
market (n) - el mercado
March (n) - marzo
marsupial (n) - el marsupial
Mars (n) - Marte
mask (n) - el antifaz
89
mathematics (n) - matemtica
May (n) - mayo
maybe - quiz
maze (n) - el laberinto
me (pron) - yo
meadow (n) - el prado
meal (n) - la comida
measuring cup (n) - la taza medidora
meat (n) - la carne
medal (n) - la medalla
melon (n) - el meln
Mercury (n) - Mercurio
mermaid (n) - la sirena
meteor (n) - el meteoro
microscope (n) - el microscopio
microwave oven (n) - el horno microondas
midnight (n) - medianoche
milk (n) - la leche
million (n, adj) - milln
mineral (n) - el mineral
minivan (n) - la minivn
minute (n) - el minuto
minute hand (n) - el minutero
mirror (n) - el espejo
mitten (n) - el mitn
mom (n) - mam
Monday (n) - lunes
money (n) - el dinero
monkey (n) - el mono
monster (n) - el monstruo
month (n) - el mes
moon (n) - la luna
moose (n) - el alce
mop (n) - el trapeador
more - ms
morning (n) - la maana
mortar board (n) - el birrete
mosquito (n) - el mosquito, el zancudo
moth (n) - la polilla, la mariposa nocturna
mother (n) - la madre
motorcycle (n) - la motocicleta
mountain (n) - la montaa
mouse (n) - el ratn
mouse (n) - el ratn
mouth (n) - la boca
muffin (n) - el panquecito
mug (n) - la taza grande
multiplication (n) - la multiplicacin
multiply (v) - multiplicar
mummy (n) - la momia
museum (n) - el museo
mushroom (n) - el hongo, el champin
el champin (n) - mushroom
muskrat (n) - el ratn almizclero
music (n) - la msica
musician (n) - el msico
mutt (n) - el bobo
My name is... - Me llamo...




N


nail (finger, toe)(n) - la ua
nail (n) - el clavo
naked (adj) - desnudo
name (n) - el nombre
nandu (n) - el and
nanny (n) - la niera
nap (n) - el sueecito, (after lunch) la siesta
nap (v) - echarse un sueo
napkin (n) - la servilleta
narcotic (n, adj) - narctico
narrow (adj) - estrecho, angosto
nasal (adj) - nasal
nation (n) - la nacin
national (adj) - nacional
native (adj) - nativo
neck (n) - el cuello
necklace (n) - el collar
necktie (n) - la corbata
need (v) - necesitar, exigir
needle (n) - la aguja
neighbour (n) - el vecino
neighbourhood (n) - la vecindad
neither (adv, pron) - ni, ninguno
neon (n) - nen
nephew (n) - el sobrino
Neptune (n) - Neptuno
nerve (n) - el nervio
nervous (adj) - nervioso
nest (n) - el nido
net (n) - la red
neutral (adj) - neutral, neutro
never (adv) - nunca, jams
never again - nunca ms
new (adj) - nuevo
news (n) - las noticias (pl), (on TV) el
telediario
newspaper (n) - el peridico
newt (n) - el tritn
New Year (n) - el ao nuevo
New Zealand (n) - Nueva Zelanda
nice (adj) - agradable, amable, bonito
Nice to meet you. - Encantado de
conocerle.Mucho gusto.
nickel (n) - cinco centavos
night (n) - la noche
nightgown (n) - el camisa de dormir, el
90
camisn
nine (n) - nueve
nineteen (n) - diecinueve
ninety (n) - noventa
no (adv) - no
noodles (n) - los fideos
noon (n) - mediodia
north (n) - norte
North America (n) - el Amrica del Norte
northeast (n) - nordeste
northern hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
norte
North Pole (n) - el Polo Norte
northwest (n) - noroeste
nose (n) - la nariz
note (n) - la nota
notebook (n) - el cuaderno
notes (n) - notas (pl)
November (n) - noviembre
numbers (n) - los nmeros (pl)
nurse (n) - el enfermero (m), la enfermera (f)
nut (n) - la nuez
nut (technical) (n) - la tuerca



O



oar (n) - el remo
oboe (n) - el oboe
ocean (n) - el ocano
occupation (n) - la ocupacin
octagon (n) - el octgono
October (n) - octubre
octopus (n) - el pulpo
oil (n) - el aceite
ok (int) - okay
olive (n) - la aceituna
Olympics (n) - Olmpico
omelet (n) - la tortilla de huevos
on top of (prep) - encima de
one (n, adj) - uno
one half (n) - la mitad
onion (n) - la cebolla
open (adj) - abierto
opposites (n) - los contrarios (pl)
orange (adj) - anaranjado
orange (n) - la naranja
orange juice (n) - el jugo de naranja
orangutan (n) - el orangutn
orb (n) - el orbe
orbit (n) - la rbita
orchid (n) - la orqudea
ostrich (n) - el avestruz
otter (n) - la nutria
outdoors (adv) - al aire libre
oval (n) - el valo
oven (n) - el horno
oven mitt (n) - el guante de cocina
over (prep, adv) - sobre
overalls (n) - los pantalones de trabajo (pl)
overcoat (n) - el abrigo, el gabn
owl (n) - el bho, la lechuza



P


Pacific Ocean (n) - el Ocano Pacifico
pacifier (n) - el chupete
package (n) - el paquete
paddle (n) - el remo
padlock (n) - el candado
pail (n) - el balde, la cubeta
paint (v) - pintar
paintbrush (n) - la brocha, el pincel
pajamas (n) - los pijamas
palace (n) - el palacio
palette (n) - la paleta
palm tree (n) - la palma
pan (n) - la sartn
pants (n) - los pantalones
paper (n) - el papel
parallel (n) - paralelo
parrot (n) - el loro, el papagayo
party (n) - la fiesta
peach (n) - el durazno, el melocotn
peacock (n) - el pavo real
pear (n) - la pera
peas (n) - los guisantes
pebble (n) - la piedrecita
pen (n) - la pluma/el bolgrafo
pencil (n) - el lpiz
penguin (n) - el pingino
peninsula (n) - la pennsula
penny (n) - un centavo
pen pal (n) - amigo por correspondencia
pentagon (n) - el pentgono
people (n) - la personas
pepper (n) - le pimienta
percussion instruments (n) - la percuson
pet (n) - el animal domstico
piano (n) - el piano
piccolo (n) - el flautin
picture (n) - el cuadro
pie (n) - el pastel
pig (n) - el cerdo
91
piggy bank (n) - la alcancia
pigeon (n) - la paloma, pichn
pillow (n) - la almohada
pin (n) - el alfiler
pink (adj) - rosa, rosado
pinwheel (n) - la rehilandera
pirate (n) - el pirata
pitcher (n) - la jarra, pichel
pitcher (n) - el pitcher
pizza (n) - la pizza
plane (n) - el avin
planet (n) - el planeta
planetarium (n) - el planetario
plant (n) - la planta
plantain (n) - el pltano
plate (n) - el plato
play (v) - jugar
please - por favor
Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de
conocerle.
Please help me. - Aydeme, por favor.
Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por
favor?
pliers (n) - los alicates
plum (n) - ciruela
Pluto (n) - Plutn
pocket (n) - el bolsillo .
point (n) - el punto
police officer (n) - la polica
polygons (n) - polgonos
pond (n) - la laguna, la charca
pot (n) - la olla
potato (n) - la papa
present (n) - el regalo
president (n) - el presidente
prince (n) - el prncipe
princess (n) - la princesa
pull (v) - tirar
pumpkin (n) - la calabaza
pupa (n) - la crislida
pupil (n) - la pupila
puppet (n) - el ttere
puppy (n) - el cachorro
purple (adj) - morado
purse (n) - el bolso
push (v) - empujar
puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas
pyramid (n) - la pirmide



Q



quadruplet (n) - el cuatrillizo
quail (n) - la codorniz
quarter (n) - la moneda de 25 centavos
quartz (n) - el cuarzo
quasar (n) - el quasar
queen (n) - la reina
question mark (n) - el signo de interrogacin
quetzal (n) - el quetzal
quicksand (n) - la arena movediza
quiet (adj) - callado/callada
quilt (n) - el edredn
quintuplet (n) - el quintillizo
quiz (n) - el examen



R



rabbit (n) - el conejo
raccoon (n) - el mapache
racket (n) - la raqueta
radar (n) - el radar
radio (n) - la radio
rain (n) - la lluvia
rainbow (n) - el arco iris
raincoat (n) - el impermeable
rain forest (n) - el bosque tropical
rake (n) - el rastrillo
rake (v) - rastrillar
raspberry (n) - la frambuesa
rat (n) - la rata
read (v) - leer
receive (v) - recibir
recipe (n) - receta de cocina
rectangle (n) - el rectngulo
red (adj) - rojo
refrigerator (n) - el refrigerador/la nevera
reindeer (n) - el reno
remote control (n) - el control remoto
rhinoceros (n) - el rinoceronte
ribbon (n) - la cinta
riddle (n) - enigma
right - derecha
ring (n) - el anillo
river (n) - el ro
roach (n) - la cucaracha
road (n) - el camino
roadrunner (n) - el correcamino
robin (n) - el petirrojo
robot (n) - el robot
rock (n) - la piedra/la roca
rocket (n) - aeronave cohete
92
roll (n) - el panecillo/bollo
roller skates (n) - los patinos de ruedas
rolling pin (n) - el rodillo de amasar
roof (n) - el techo
room (n) - el cuarto
rooster (n) - el gallo
rope (n) - la soga/la cuerda
rose (n) - la rosa
ruby (n) - rub
rug (n) - la alfombra
ruler (n) - la regla
run (v) - correr



S



sack (n) - el saco / la bolsa
sad (adj) - triste
safari (n) - el safari
safety pin (n) - el imperdible
sail (n) - la vela
sailboat (n) - el barco de vela
saint (n) - el santo
salad (n) - la ensalada
salami (n) - el salchichn
sale (n) - la venta
saliva (n) - la saliva
salt (n) - la sal
same (adj) - igual, mismo
sand (n) - la arena
sandals (n) - las sandalias
sandcastle (n) - el castillo de arena
sandpaper (n) - el papel de lija
sandwich (n) - el bocadillo
satellite (n) - el satlite
Saturday (n) - sbado
Saturn (n) - Saturno
sauce (n) - la salsa
sauna (n) - la sauna
sausage (n) - el chorizo
save (v) - salvar, ahorrar, evitar
saw (n) - el serrucho, sierra
saxophone (n) - el saxfono
say (v) - decir
scale (n) - la balanza
scar (n) - la cicatriz
scarce (adj) - escaso
scare (v) - asustar
scared (adj) - asustado, temeroso
scarf (n) - la bufanda
school (n) - la escuela
science (n) - la ciencia
scissors (n) - las tijeras (pl)
scorpion (n) - el alacrn
scream (v) - gritar
screw (n) - el tornillo
screwdriver (n) - el destornillador
scroll (n) - rollo de papel
sea (n) - el mar
sea gull (n) - la gaviota
seahorse (n) - caballito de mar
seal (n) - la foca
seashore (n) - la orilla del mar
seasons (n) - las estaciones (pl)
second (adj) - segundo
second (n) - el segundo
second hand (n) - el segundero
see (v) - ver
seesaw (n) - el balancn
See you later. - Hasta luego.
semicircle (n) - semicirculo
September (n) - septiembre
seven - siete
seventeen - diecisiete
seventy - setenta
sew (v) - coser
shampoo (n) - el champ
shapes (n) - las formas (pl)
shark (n) - el tiburn
sheep (n) - la oveja, el carnero
shelf (n) - el estante
shell (n) - la concha
ship (n) - el barco
shirt (n) - la camisa
shoe (n) - el zapato
short (n) - baja / bajo
shoulder (n) - el hombro
shovel (n) - la pala
shrimp (n) - el camaron
sick (adj) - enferma / enfermo
sidewalk (n) - la acera
sing (v) - cantar
sink (bathroom) (n) - el lavabo
sink (kitchen) (n) - el fregadero
sister (n) - la hermana
sit (n) - sentarse
six (n, adj) - seis
sixteen (n, adj) - diecisis
sixty (n, adj) - sesenta
skeleton (n) - el esqueleto
skirt (n) - la falda
skull (n) - el crneo
sky (n) - el cielo
skyscraper (n) - el rascacielos
sleep (v) - dormir
sleeping bag (n) - el saco de dormir
slide (n) - el tobogn
slide (v) - deslizar
93
slipper (n) - la zapatilla
slow (adj) - lenta / lento
small (adj) - pequea / pequeo
smell (v) - oler
smell (n) - el olor
smile (n) - la sonrisa
snail (n) - el caracol
snake (n) - la culebra / la serpiente
snow (n) - la nieve
snowflake (n) - el copo de nieve
snowman (n)- el mueco de nieve
soap (n) - el jabn
soccer ball (n)- el ftbol
sock (n) - el calcetin
sofa (n) - el sof
soil (n) - el suelo
soldier (n) - el soldado
son (n) - el hijo
soul (n) - la alma
sound (n) - el sonido, el ruido
sound (v) - sonar
soup (n) - la sopa
sour (adj) - agrio
source (n) - la fuente
south (n) - el sur
south (adv) - hacia el sur
South America - el Amrica del Sur
southeast (n) - el sudeste
Southern Hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
sur
Southern Ocean (n) - el Ocano Antrtico
South Pole (n) - el Polo Sur
southwest (n) - el sudeste
soya bean (n) - la soja
spa (n) - el balneario
space (n) - el espacio
space shuttle (n) - el transbordador
espacial
spacesuit (n) - el traje espacial
spade (n) - la pala
spaghetti (n) - espaguetis (pl)
Spain (n) - Espaa
Spanish (n, adj) - espaol
spanner (n) - la llave
spatula (n) - la esptula
speak (v) - hablar
spear (n) - la lanza
special (adj) - especial
speed (n) - la velocidad
spell (magic) (n) - el hechizo
spell (v) - escribir
sphere (n) - la esfera
spine (n) - la espina dorsal
spider (n) - la araa
spiral (n) - el espiral
sponge (n) - la esponja
spool (n) - el carrete
spoon (n) - la cucharita
sports (n) - los deportes (pl)
spray can (n) - el spray
spring (n) - la primavera
square (n) - el cuadrado
squid (n) - el calamar
squirrel (n) - la ardilla
stable (n) - el establo
stamp (n) - el timbre postal, el sello postal,
la estampilla
stapler (n) - la engrapadora
star (n) - la estrella
steak (n) - el bistec
stem (n) - el tallo
stingray (n) - raya
stone (n) - la piedra
stool (n) - el escabel
stop (v) - parar
stop sign (n) - la seal de alto
store (n) - la tienda, el almacn
storm (n) - la tormenta
story (n) - la historia
stove (n) - el horno
strait (n) - el estrecho
strawberry (n) - la fresa
street (n) - la calle
string (n) - el cordel
string instruments (n) - instrumentos de
cuerda (pl)
subtract (v) - restar
subtraction (n) - la resta
suitcase (n) - la maleta
summer (n) - el verano
sun (n) - el sol
Sunday (n) - domingo
sunflower (n) - el girasol
sunglasses (n) - las gafas de sol (pl)
sunrise (n) - el amanecer
sunset (n) - el atardecer
swan (n) - el cisne
swimsuit (n) - el traje de bao
sword (n) - la espada



T


table (n) - la mesa
tadpole (n) - el renacuajo
tag (n) - la etiqueta
tail (n) - la cola
tale (n) - cuento
talk (v) - hablar
94
tall (adj) - alta, alto
tambourine (n) - el pandero
tanker (n) - camin cisterna
tape (n) - la cinta
tape measure (n) - la cinta mtrica
tar (n) - la brea
target (n) - el blanco
taste (v) - probar
taxi (n) - el taxi
tea (n) - el t
teach (v) - ensear
teacher (n) - el maestro, la maestra
team (n) - el equipo
teapot (n) - tetera
teddy bear (n) - oso de peluche
tee (n) - el tee
telephone (n) - el telfono
telescope (n) - el telescopio
television (n) - la tele, la televisin
ten (n, adj) - diez
tennis (n) - el tenis
tennis racket (n) - la raqueta
tent (n) - la tienda de campaa
tern (n) - golondrina
test (n) - la prueba
thank (v) - agradecer, dar las gracias
thank you - gracias
thermometer (n) - el termmetro
thin (adj) - delgado
think (v) - pensar
thirteen (n, adj) - trece
thirty (n, adj) - treinta
thousand (n, adj) - mil
thread (n) - el hilo
three (n, adj) - tres
throw (v) - tirar, aventar, echar
thumb (n) - el pulgar
thumbtack (n) - la chinche
Thursday (n) - jueves
tickle (v) - hacer cosquillas
tie (n) - la corbata
tiger (n) - el tigre
time (n) - el tiempo
tire (n) - la llanta
toad (n) - el sapo
toadstool (n) - agrico
toaster (n) - la tostador
today (adv) - hoy
toddler (n) - el nio pequeo
toes (n) - los dedos de los pies
toilet (n) - el inodoro
tomato (n) - el tomate, el jitomate
tongue (n) - la lengua
tongue twister (n) - trabalenguas
toolbox (n) - la caja de las herramientas
tools (n) - las herramientas
tooth (n) - el diente
toothbrush (n) - el cepillo de dientes
toothpaste (n) - la pasta dentfrica, la crema
dental
tornado (n) - el tornado
toucan (n) - el toucan
touch (v) - tocar
towel (n) - la toalla
town (n) - el pueblo
tow truck (n) - la gra
toys (n) - los juguetes
tractor (n) - el tractor
traffic light (n) - el semforo
train (n) - el tren
trapezoid (n) - trapezoide
trash can (n) - el cubo de basura, el
basurero
tree (n) - el rbol
triangle (n) - el tringulo
trillion (n) - billn
triplets (n) - las trillizos
trombone (n) - el trmbon de varas
truck (n) - el camin
trumpet (n) - la trompeta
trunk (n) - la trompa
trunk (n) - el bal
trunk (n) - la maletera
trunk (n) - el tronco
tuba (n) - la tuba
tube (n) - el tubo
Tuesday (n) - martes
tulip (n) - el tulipn
turtle (n) - la tortuga
TV (n) - la tele, la televisin
twelve (n, adj) - doce
twenty (n, adj) - veinte
twins (n) - los gemelos
two (n, adj) - dos


U




ugly (adj) - feo
umbrella (n) - la sombrilla/el paraguas
uncle (n) - el to
under (prep) - debajo de
undershirt (n) - la franela
understand (v) - comprender
underwear (n) - la ropa interior
unhappy (adj) - infeliz
unicorn (n) - el unicornio
uniform (n) - el uniforme
95
United States (n) - Estados Unidos
up (adv) - arriba
upside down - a revs
Uranus (n) - Urano
urn (n) - el jarrn
us (pron) - nos
utensils (n) - los utensilios



V


vacuum cleaner (n) - la aspiradora
valentine card (n) - tarjeta del Da de San
Valentn
valley (n) - el valle
van (n) - la minivn
vase (n) - el jarrn, el florero
vat (n) - la tina
vegetables (n) - la verdura
vehicle (n) - el vehculo
Venus (n) - Venus
vertebra (n) - la vrtebra
vest (n) - el chaleco
videotape (n) - la videocinta
village (n) - el pueblo, la aldea
vine (n) - la via
viola (n) - la viola
violet (adj) - violeta
violin (n) - el violn
volcano (n) - el volcn
vortex (n) - el vrtice
vote (v) - voto
vowel (n) - la vocal
vulture (n) - el buitre



W


wagon (n) - el carretn
waist (n) - la cintura
walk (v) - caminar, andar
wall (n) - la pared
wallet (n) - la cartera
walnut (n) - nuez
walrus (n) - la morsa
washer (n) - la rondana
wasp (n) - la avispa
wastebasket (n) - la papelera
watch (n) - el reloj
water (n) - el agua
water bottle (n) - la cantimplora
waterfall (n) - la cascada
watering can (n) - la regadera
watermelon (n) - la sanda
wave (n) - la ola
wave (v) - saludar a alguien con la mano
we (pron) - nostros
weasel (n) - comadreja
weather (n) - el tiempo
web (n) - telaraa, tela de araa
wedge (n) - la cua
wedge (n) - el wedge
Wednesday (n) - mircoles
weep (v) - llorar
west (n, adv) - oeste
whale (n) - la ballena
what - qu
What color is it? - Qu color es este?
What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu
color favorito?
What is your name? - Cmo te llamas?
What hour is it? - Qu hora es?
What time is it? - Cundo es?
wheel (n) - la rueda
wheelbarrow (n) - la carretilla
wheelchair (n) - la silla de ruedas
when - cundo
where - dnde
Where are you from? - De dnde eres?
Where is the bathroom? - Donde esta el
bao? ??
which - cul
whisk (n) - el batidor de mano
whistle (n) - el silbato
white (adj) - blanco
White House (n) - la Casa Blanca
who - quin
why - por qu
wide (adj) - ancho
wife (n) - la esposa
wig (n) - la peluca
wiggle (v) - contonear, menear
windmill (n) - el molino de viento
window (n) - la ventana
wing (n) - el ala
winter (n) - el invierno
wish (n) - el deseo
wishbone (n) - el hueso de la suerte, la
espoleta
witch (n) - bruja
wok (n) - el wok
wolf (n) - el lobo
woman (n) - la mujer
wood (n) - la madera
woodpecker (n) - el pjaro carpintero
woodwinds (n pl) - el viento-madera
96
word (n) - la palabra
world (n) - el mundo
work (v) - trabajar
worm (n) - el gusano
wrench (n) - la llave de boca
write (v) - escribir


X


x-ray (n) - radiografa
xylophone (n) - el xilfono



Y



yacht (n) - el yate
yak (n) - el yac
yam (n) - el ame
yard (n) - el patio
yardstick (n) - la yarda
yarn (n) - la lana/el hilo
year (n) - el ao
yell (v) - gritar
yellow (adj) - amarillo
yes - si
yogurt (n) - el yogur
yoke (n) - la yunta
yolk (n) - la yema de huevo
young (adj) - joven
You're welcome. - De nada.



Z

zebra (n) - la cebra
zeppelin (n) - el zepeln
zero (adj, n) - cero (nm)
zigzag (adj) - el zigzag
zinnia (n) - rascamoo, la zinia
zipper (n) - el cierre
zither (n) - la ctara
zone (n) - la zona
zoo (n) - el parque zoolgico
zoologist (n) - el zologo
zucchini (n) - el calabacin



Food Glossary
Spanish English

A

aceite - oil
aceite de oliva - olive oil
aceituna - olive
adj nutritivo - nourishing
agridulce - sweet and sour
agrio - sour
agrio/cido - bitter
agua de coco - coconut milk
aguacate palta (S.Am) - avocado
ajo - garlic
albahaca - basil
albahaca - sweet basil
albardilla - batter
albndiga - meatball
alcachofa - artichoke
alcaparras - capers
alioli - garlic mayonnaise
almejas - clams
almendras - almonds
almbar - syrup
alubias - pulses
alubias negras - black beans
alubias rojas - kidney beans
anchoa - anchovy
aadir - add
apagar - turn off
apio - celery
aplanar - roll out
aplastar/aplanar - flatten
arndano (rojo y agrio) -cranberry
arenque - herring
arenque ahumado - kipper
arroz -rice
asado/asar -roast
aspic, galantina -aspic
atar -tie
atn -tuna
azafrn - saffron
azucar -sugar
azcar blanca de granulado muy fino -caster
sugar
azcar glace -icing sugar


B

bacon - beicn
bacalao -cod
97
bacalao salado -salt cod
barbacoa / parrillada -barbeque
barra -loaf
batir -whisk
batido (de leche) - milkshake-
bechamel -bechamel sauce
beicn -bacon
bellota -acorn
berenjena -aubergine
berenjena -eggplant
berro -watercress
besugo -sea bream
bistec -steak
bocadillo-sandwich (with Spanish bread)
boquernes - fresh anchovies in vinegar (a
popular tapa)
boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Mx) -
sweet potato
borde -edge
borraja -borage
brcoli, brcol-broccoli
brotes de soja -bean sprouts (soyabean)
budn, pudn, pudding; (postre) -pudding



C

calabacn -courgette
calabacn,calabacita, zapallito-zucchini
calabaza -marrow
calabaza (peru) zapallo-pumpkin
calamar -squid
caldo-broth
caldo -stock
calentar -heat
calentar -warm
canela - cinnamon
canelones -canneloni
cangrejo S.Amer (m) jaiba -crab
capa -layer
caraco - snail
caramelo duro hecho con azcar y
mantequilla -butterscotch
carne -flesh
carne -meat
carne de salchicha-sausage meat
carne picada -mince
cscara -rind
cscaras -shells
castao -chestnut
cazo -pan
cazo -saucepan
cazn -dogfish
cebolla -onion
cebolleta -shallot
cebolleta, cebolln, cebolla de verdeo,
chalote, chalota -scallion (young onion)
cepillar -brush
cerdo -pork
cerdo picado -mince pork
championes -mushrooms
chcharo (Mxican)-pea
chive (hierba) -chive (herb)
chocolate -chocolate
chorizo - Spanish chorizo sausage
chorrear un poco -trickle
chorrito -dash
cilantro, culantro-coriander
ciruela -plum
ciruela (seca)-prune
clara de huevo -egg white
clavo (de olor) -clove
cocer al horno -bake
cocinar -cook
cocinar a fuego lento-simmer
coco -coconut
cocoa (en polvo) -cocoa powder
codorniz -quail
cogollo -heart (of cabbage, lettuce)
col -cabbage
colar-strain
coles de Bruselas -brussel sprouts
coliflor -cauliflower
colorante alimenticio -food coloring
combinar -combine
comida-food
comida basura, porqueras -junk food
comilona -a nosh up
comino -cumin
comiso - packed lunch
completamente -thoroughly
condimento -seasoning
conejo -rabbit
congelado -frozen
congrio -conger eel
conservante-preservative
conservar-preserve
consistencia -consistency
coac-brandy
copos de avena -oats
copos de maz tostados-cornflakes
corazones de alcachofas -hearts of artichoke
cordero-lamb
cortado en cuatro -quartered
cortar -trim
cortar en cuadritos -diced
cortar en lonchas finas -thinly slice
cosa para pelar patatas -potato peeler
costillas -ribs
costillas -spare ribs
crema pastelero -confectioner's custard
98
crepe -pancake
crudo -raw
crujiente, crocante-crispy
cuajar -curdle
cuajo -rennet
cubrir -cover
cuchara (grande o de servir) -tablespoon
cuchara de medir-measuring spoon
cucharada -spoon
cucharita, cucharilla -teaspoon
cucharones -ladles
cuenco -bowls
cuscurro -crouton



D

dar la vuelta -turn
de grano grueso -coarse
de horno -ovenproof
dehuesado -boned
dejar en adobo, marinar -marinade, marinate
derretido-melted
derretir -melt
desayuno (n), v. desayunar-breakfast
descansar -rest
despensa -larder
dientes de ajo -cloves of garlic
dividir en dos -halve
doblar -fold
donut, rosquilla-doughnut
dorado -golden
dorar -v. brown
dulce -sweet
dulce de membrillo-quince cheese/jelly



E

empanada, empanadilla -pasty
en lata -tinned
en trozos -sliced
en trozos menudos -finely chopped
en vez de -instead of
encender-light
enchilada (Mexican tortilla with a meat or
cheese filling,
served with a tomato and chili sauce)
endibias -endives
endivia, (in coffee) achicoria -chicory
endulzante-sweetener
endulzar, azucarar -sweeten
eneldo - dill
enfriar -chill
engrasado -greased
engrasar -oil
entero -whole
escaldar-scald
escalfado -poached
escurrir -drain
espaguetis -spaghetti
esprrago -asparagus
espesar -thicken
espeso -stiff
espesura, grueso -thickness
espinacas -spinach
espuma -foam
espumadera -slotted spoon
estofado-casserole
estofado -stew
estofado de liebre -jugged hare
exprimir -squeeze



F

fcula -potato starch
filetes -fillets
formas -shapes
frer -fry
fresa -strawberry
frigorfico -fridge
frijol -lima bean
frijoles refritos -refried beans
frotar -rub
fruta-fruit
fuego fuerte -high heat




G

gancho de carnicero -meathook
galleta -cookie
galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) -
pretzel
gambas -prawns
garbanzos -chick peas
gazpacho - Cold tomato soup See recipe
gelatina -gelatine
gelatina -jelly
goloso -Sweet toothed
granos de pimienta-peppercorns
grasa -grease
gratinar -grill
grisn, coln-bread stick
99
grueso, espeso -thick
guarnicin -garnish
guayaba -guava
guisantes -peas



H

habas -broad beans
habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol-beans
habas con jamn - see recipe
habichuelas (Mx) ejote -green beans
hacer pur -mash
harina -flour
harina de maz -cornflour
helado -ice cream
hervir -boil
hierba - herb
hierba doncella - myrtle (AmE), periwinkle
(BrE)
hierbabuena - mint
hierbaluisa - lemon verbena
higado -liver
higo - fig
higo chumbo - prickly pear
hinojo -fennel
hoja -leaf
hoja del cuchillo -blade of a knife
hojaldre -puff pastry
hojas -leaves
horno -oven
hueco-dent
hueso/espina -bone
hueva -roe
huevera -eggcup
huevo-egg
huevo duro-hard boiled egg


I

ingredientes -ingredients

J

jabal -wild boar
jamn -ham
jamn York -cooked ham
jarra graduada-measuring jug
jerez -sherry
jugo/zumo -juice
jugoso -juicy
juliana -julienne



K

kilo - un kilo

L

lado -side
lata -can
lata -tin
laurel -bayleaf
lavar -wash
lean - meat magro, sin grasa
leche - milk
leche cuajada -junket
lechoso - milky (con mucha leche)
lechuga -lettuce
lechn (cochinillo) suckling pig
lentamente -gradually
lentejas -lentils
levadura (en polvo) -baking powder
liebre -hare
lima -lime
limn -lemon
limpiar con agua -rinse
limpiar con un pao -wipe
lista de la compra -shopping list


M

machacar-grind
maduro -ripe
magdalena -cupcake
magro - lean (meat)
mahonesa - mayonnaise
maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo (AmS), jojoto
(Ven)-sweetcorn
manteca, grasa de cerdo-lard
mantequilla -butter
manzana -apple
mariscos -seafood
mariscos-shellfish
masa -dough
masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y
harina que se sirve
tradicionalmente con el rosbif -Yorkshire
pudding
mayonesa-mayonnaise
mejillones -mussels
melaza -molasses
melocotn, durazno (AmL) -peach
meln (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) -
honeydew melon
100
membrillo-quince
menta -mint
merluza -hake
mezclar -mix
miel -honey
migas de pan/pan rallado-breadcrumbs
molido, pulverizado -ground
mollejas, lechecillas -sweetbreads
mollete - muffin
mora - blackberry
morcilla - black pudding
morcn - blood sausage
mortero -mortar
mostaza -mustard
muslo de pollo -drumstick (chicken)
mustard - mostaza


N
O

naranja -orange
nata -cream
nata agria -sour cream
nata montada -whipped cream
nectarina -nectarine
no engordante-non fattening
nueces (de california) -walnuts
nuez de mantequilla -knob of butter
nuez moscada -nutmeg





queso de Burgos soft white cheese
queso de bola Dutch cheese
queso de oveja sheep's cheese
queso gallego creamy cheese
queso cheese
quisquillas shrimps
onza (28,35 gramos) -ounce
organo -oregano
P

palitos de queso -cheese straws
pan-bread
pan zimo, pan sin levadura-unleavened
(bread)
pan de molde -sliced bread
pan duro -stale bread
pan integral -brown bread
panera (para guardar el pan) -breadbin
papel de cocina -kitchen tissue
pasa (de uva)-raisin
pasta -pasta
pastel -cake
patata frita -chip
patatas -potatoes
patatas a lo pobre - fried potatoes with green
peppers see recipe
patatas fritas -crisps
patatas fritas-french fries
pato -duck
pechuga de pollo -chicken breast
pedazo grande -wedge
pelado -peeled
pelado -skinned
pelar -peel
pepinillo -gherkins
pepino-cucumber
pepitas (trocitos) de pollo -chicken nuggets
perdiz -partridge
perejil -parsley
perro or perrito caliente, pancho-hot dog
pescado -fish
picante -spicy
picar -chop
piel/pelar -skin
pimentn -paprika
pimienta -pepper
pimienta cayena -cayenne pepper
pimiento rojo -red pepper
pimiento verde -green pepper
pia -pineapple
piones -pine kernels
pizca -pinch
pizza -pizza
pltano -banana
plato -dish
plato principal, segundo plato -main course
pochar -fry ... until soft
pollo -chicken
poner -arrange
poner trocitos encima -dot with
postre-dessert
productos alimenticios, comestibles -
foodstuffs
puerros -leeks
punto de ebullicin -boiling point
punto de fusin -melting point
puado -handful
pur -pure



Q

queso con membrillo cheese with quince jelly
queso del pais local cheese

101
R

Ribeiro Galician white wine
Rioja good wine from Logroo
ragout de ternera veal ragout
rape a la americana white fish with brandy
and herbs
rape a la cazuela stewed white fish
rape a la plancha grilled white fish
raviolis ravioli
raya skate
redondo al horno roast fillet of beef
remolacha beetroot
repollo cabbage
repostera de la casa cakes baked on the
premises
requeson cream cheese/cottage cheese
revuelto de ajos tiernos scrambled egg with
spring garlic
revuelto de angulas scrambled egg with
baby eels
revuelto de gambas scrambled egg with
prawns
revuelto de sesos scrambled egg with brains
revuelto de trigueros scrambled egg with
asparagus
revuelto mixto scrambled eggs with mixed
vegetables
riones al jerez kidneys with sherry
riones kidneys
rodaballo turbot
romero rosemary
ron rum
roscas sweet pastries
rbanos radish




S

sabor -taste
sacar con cuchara -spoon
sal -salt
salado-salted
salchicha -sausage
salchicha envuelta en hojaldre -sausage roll
salmn -salmon
salmonete -red mullet
salmpimentar -season with salt and pepper
salpicar -sprinkle
salsa -sauce
salsa de soja -soy sauce
salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche -
bread sauce
salsa para acompaar los diferentes
bocaditos que se
sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc -dip
salsa trtara -tartar sauce
saltear -saut
sandwichera -sandwich toaster
sardinas -sardines
sartn -frying pan
sazonar -season with salt
secar -dry
sellar-seal
semillas -seeds
sidra -cider
sofrer - to saut, fry lightly
sofrito - lightly fried
solomillo-sirloin steak
solomillo -tenderloin steak
suero (de la leche) -buttermilk
sumergir-dip


T

tabla de cortar el pan -breadboard
tallarines -noodles
tallo -stalk
tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat
or a sweet filling
wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)-tamal
tamizar -sieve
tapadera -lid
tarta de queso-cheesecake
taza para medir -measuring cup
ternera picada -minced beef
ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne
plida) -veal
ternera, carne de vaca, res-beef
tibio -tepid
tierno -tender
tiritas -strips
tocino-pork fat
tocino entreverado -streaky bacon
tofu, queso de soja -tofu
tomates -tomatoes
tomillo -thyme
torrija, torreja, tostada que se vende en
paquetes, biscote -french toast
tortilla de patatas - Spanish omelette
tortilla - (mexican) unleaved bread used to
put food in
tostado -toasted
transferir -transfer
triturar -liquidise
trucha -trout


102

U

untar -smear
untar con mantequilla-butter (v)


V

vaciar -empty
vapor -steamer
verter -pour
vinagre -vinegar
vodka -vodka
volver -return

W

whisky whisky


Y
yema de huevo -egg yolk
yemas -yolks


Z
zanahoria -carrot




Food Glossary
English Spanish



A

achieved - logrado
acorn - bellota
add - aadir
almonds -almendras
anchovy - anchoa
apple - manzana
arrange - poner
artichoke -alcachofa
asparagus - esprrago
aspic - aspic, galantina
aubergine - berenjena
avocado - aguacate palta (S.Am)


B

bacon - beicn
bake - cocer al horno
baking powder - levadura (en polvo)
banana - pltano
barbeque - barbacoa / parrillada
basil - albahaca
bass (sea bass) lubina; (stone bass) cherna
basting - rociando
batter - albardilla
bayleaf - laurel
beans - habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol
bean sprouts (soyabean) - brotes de soja
bechamel sauce - bechamel
beef - ternera, carne de vaca, res
beetroot - remolacha (Mx) betabel (Chi)
betarraga
bitter - agrio/cido
black beans - alubias negras
blackberry - mora
blanch - escaldar
boiling point - punto de ebullicin
bone - hueso/espina
bread stick - grisn, coln
broccoli - brcoli, brcol
blade of a knife - hoja del cuchillo
blancmange - crema de maizena
boil - hervir
boned - dehuesado
borage - borraja
bowl - cuenco
brandy - coac
bread - pan
breadbin - panera (para guardar el pan)
breadboard - tabla de cortar el pan
breadcrumbs - migas de pan/pan rallado
bread sauce - salsa hecha a base de miga de
pan y leche
breakfast - n. desayuno, v. desayunar
breast - (of chicken) pechuga
broad beans - habas
broth - caldo
brown - dorar
brown bread - pan integral
brush - v. cepillar n.cepillo
brussel sprouts - coles de Bruselas
butter - mantequilla
butter - untar con mantequilla
buttermilk - suero (de la leche)
butterscotch - caramelo duro hecho con
azcar
y mantequilla

103

C

cabbage - col
cake - pastel
can - lata
canneloni - canelones
capers - alcaparras
carrot - zanahoria
carve (meat) - cortar/ trinchar la carne
casserole - estofado
caster sugar - azcar blanca de granulado
muy fino
catering - (to do the) encargarse del servicio
de comida y bebida
cauliflower - coliflor
cayenne pepper - pimienta cayena
celery - apio
cheese - queso
cheesecake - tarta de queso
cheese straws - palitos de queso
chestnut - castao
chicken - pollo
chicken breast - pechuga de pollo
chicory - endivia, (in coffee) achicoria
chill - enfriar
chop - (cut up) picar
cinnamon - canela
cloves of garlic - dientes de ajo
coat - rebozar
cochinillo - suckling pig
coriander - cilantro, culantro
cornflakes - copos de maz tostados
cottage pie - pastel de carne cubierta con
pur de patatas
courgette - calabacn
cucumber - pepino
curdle - cuajar


chicken nuggets - pepitas (trocitos) de pollo
chick peas - garbanzos
chip - patata frita
chive (herb) - chive (hierba)
chocolate - chocolate
chop - chuleta, costilla
cider - sidra
clams - almejas
clove - clavo (de olor)
coarse - de grano grueso
cocoa powder - cocoa (en polvo)
coconut - coco
coconut milk - agua de coco
cod - bacalao
combine - combinar
confectioner's custard - crema pastelero
conger eel - congrio
consistency -consistencia
cook - cocinar
cooked ham - jamn York
cookie - galleta
cottage cheese - requesn
cornflour - harina de maz
cover - cubrir
crackling - (crisp pork rind) piel crujiente y
tostada del cerdo asado
crab - cangrejo - S.Amer (m) jaiba
cranberry - arndano (rojo y agrio)
crayfish - (mar) langosta (pequea), cigala
(Ro) cangrejo de ro
cream - nata
cream - (single cream) crema lquida, nata
lquida
cream - (double cream) nata para montar
cream - (whipped cream) nata montada
crisps - patatas fritas
crispy - crujiente, crocante
crouton - cuscurro
cupcake - magdalena
cumin - comino

D
dash - chorrito
dent - hueco
dessert - postre
diced - cortar en cuadritos
diet - (special food) rgimen, dieta
diet - to be/go on a diet -estar/ponerse a
rgimen
dietician, dietitian - dietista, experto en
diettica
digestive biscuit - galleta integral
dill - eneldo
dining hall - refectorio
dining room - comedor
dining-room table - mesa de comedor
dinnertime - hora de cenar,comer,almorzar
dip - sumergir
dip - salsa para acompaar los diferentes
bocaditos que se sirven
con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc
dish - plato
dogfish - cazn
dot with - poner trocitos encima
dough - masa
doughnut - donut, rosquilla
drain - escurrir
dress - (salad) aliar
dressed crab - cangrejo preparado
dressing - (noun) alio
drumstick (chicken) - muslo de pollo
104
dry - secar
duck - pato


E

edge - borde
egg - huevo
eggcup - huevera
eggnog - ponche de huevo, flip, rompn,
rompope
eggplant - berenjena
egg timer - reloj de arena (de tres minutos)
egg white - clara de huevo
egg yolk - yema de huevo
empty - vaciar
enchilada - enchilada
endives - endibias


F

fennel - hinojo
fillets - filetes
filling - relleno
finely - en trozos menudos
fish - pescado
flatten - aplastar/aplanar
flesh - carne
flour - harina
foam - espuma
food - comida
food coloring - colorante alimenticio
foodstuffs - productos alimenticios,
comestibles
fold - doblar
fold sth INTO sth - incorporar algo A algo
fork - (noun) tenedor
freeze - congelar
freezer - congelador
french fries - patatas fritas
french toast - torrija, torreja, biscote
fridge - frigorfico
frozen - congelado
fruit - fruta
fry - frer
fry ... until soft - pochar
frying pan - sartn


G

garlic - ajo
garnish - guarnicin
gelatine - gelatina
get rid of - quitar
gherkins - pepinillo
ginger - jengibre
glaze - n. glaseado v. glasear
golden - dorado
goose - ganso
gooseberry - grosella espinosa, uva espina
goosefish (angler fish) - rape
goulash - estofado al estilo hngaro
gourmet - gourmet, gastrnomo
gradually - lentamente
Granary bread / flour - con granos de trigo
malteado
granulated sugar - azcar granulada,
grape - uva
grapefruit - pomelo
grated - rallado
gravy - salsa (hecha con el jugo de la carne)
gravy boat - salsera
grease - grasa
greased - engrasado
grease - (with butter) enmantequillar, untar
con mantequilla
grease - (with oil) aceitar
greaseproof paper - papel encerado or
parafinado,
greaseproof paper - papel manteca (RPl),
papel mantequilla
gray mullet - lisa, mjol
greedy - (for food, drink) glotn, angurriento
greengage - ciruela claudia
greengrocer - verdulero
green pepper - pimiento verde
green beans - habichuelas (Mx) ejote
griddle - plancha
gridiron - parrilla
ground - molido, pulverizado
grill - gratinar
grill - asar a la parrilla or a las brasas
grind - machacar
gristle - cartlago
groundnut - cacahuete (Mx) cacahuate
gruel - gachas
guava - guayaba


H

haddock - abadejo
hake - merluza
halve - dividir en dos, partir por la mitad
ham - jamn
handful - puado
hang - (game) manir
hard-boiled egg - huevo duro
105
hare - liebre
heart (of cabbage, lettuce) - cogollo
hearts of artichoke - corazones de alcachofas
heat - calentar
herb -hierba
herb garden - herbario
herring - arenque
high heat - fuego fuerte
honey - miel
honeydew melon - meln (de pulpa verdosa
muy dulce)
hot dog - perro or perrito caliente, pancho


I

ice cream - helado
icing sugar - azcar glace
ingredients - ingredientes
instead of - en vez de


J

jam - mermelada
jam jar - tarro para mermelada
jelly - (as dessert) gelatina
jelly - (clear jam) jalea
jelly - (savory) gelatina, aspic
jugged hare - estofado de liebre
juice - jugo/zumo
juicy - jugoso
junket - leche cuajada
junk food - comida basura, porqueras
julienne - juliana



K

kidney beans - alubias rojas
kidney - rion
kipper - arenque
kitchen - cocina
kitchen foil - papel de aluminio
kitchen sink - fregadero
kitchenware - artculos de cocina
kitchen tissue - papel de cocina
kiwi - un kiwi
knife - cuchillo
knife grinder - afilador
knob of butter - nuez de mantequilla
knucklebone - (of pork) hueso de codillo
knucklebone - (of veal) hueso de caa
kumquat - naranjita china, kumquat, quinoto


L

ladles - cucharones
lamb - cordero
lard - manteca, grasa de cerdo
larder - despensa
layer - capa
layer - poner en capas
leaf - hoja
leaves - hojas
leeks - puerros
lemon - limn
lentils - lentejas
lettuce - lechuga
lid - tapadera
light - encender
lima bean - frijol
lime - lima
liquidise - triturar
liver - higado
loaf - barra


M

marrow - calabaza
main course - plato principal, segundo plato
marinade, marinate - dejar en adobo, marinar
mash - hacer pur
mature - (cheese, wine, whisky) aejo
mayonnaise - mayonesa
mead - hidromiel, aguamiel
measuring cup - taza para medir
measuring jug - jarra graduada
measuring spoon - cuchara de medir
meat - carne
medium-sized - de tamao mediano
meatball - albndiga
meathook - gancho de carnicero
melt - derretir
melted - derretido
melting point - punto de fusin
milk - la leche
milk shake - batido, (de leche)
milky - lechoso coffee / tea con mucha
leche
mince - carne picada
minced beef - ternera picada
mince pork - cerdo picado
mint - menta
mix - mezclar
mixer - (food mixer) - batidora
106
mixing bowl - bol, tazn
molasses - melazaf
monkfish - rape
mortar - mortero
muffin - (US) mollete (bollo dulce hecho con
huevos)
(UK) bollo de pan que suele servirse tostado
mulberry - mora (de morera)
mushrooms- championes
mussels - mejillones
mustard - mostaza


N

nectarine - nectarina
noodles - tallarines
non-fattening - no engordante
a nosh up - comilona
nourishing - adj nutritivo
nutmeg - nuez moscada



O

oats - copos de avena
offal - despojos, asaduras, achuras,
oil - aceite
oil - engrasar
omelette - (only eggs) =tortilla francesa
omelette - (with potatoes) =tortilla
onion - cebolla
olive - aceituna
olive oil - aceite de oliva
orange - naranja
oregano - organo
oven - horno
ovenproof - de horno
ounce - onza (28,35 gramos)
oxtail - rabo de buey
oyster - ostra, ostin



P

pan - cazo
pancake - crepe
paprika - pimentn
parsley - perejil
partridge - perdiz
pasta - pasta
pasty - empanada, empanadilla
pt, pate - pat
pea - guisante, chcharo (Mxican)
peach - melocotn, durazno (AmL)
peanut - cacahuete, man
peanut butter - mantequilla de cacahuete
pearl barley - cebada perlada
pecan - (nut) pacana, nuez (Mx)
peel - pelar
peeled - pelado
pepper - pimienta
peppercorns - granos de pimienta
pie - empanada, pastel, (hojaldre relleno de
carne, verduras o fruta)
pinch - pizca
pine kernels - piones
pizza - pizza
pineapple - pia
plum - ciruela
poached - escalfado
poppyseed - semilla de amapola
pork - cerdo
pork fat - tocino
potato peeler - cosa para pelar patatas
potato starch - fcula
potatoes - patatas
pour - verter
prawns - gambas
preservative - conservante
preserve - conservar
preserve (jam, jelly) confitura, mermelada
preserve (fruit in syrup) (BrE) conserva
pretzel - galleta salada (generalmente en
forma de 8)
prune - ciruela (seca)
pudding - budn, pudn, pudding; (postre)
puff pastry - hojaldre
pulses - alubias
pumpkin - calabaza (peru) zapallo
pure - pur


Q

quail - codorniz
quartered - cortado en cuatro
quince - membrillo
quince cheese/jelly - dulce de membrillo



R

rabbit - conejo
radish - rbano
raisin - pasa (de uva)
rare - (meat) poco hecho
107
raw - crudo
recipe - receta
recipe book - recetario
red pepper - pimiento rojo
red mullet - salmonete
reduce - reducir
refried beans - frijoles refritos
remove - quitar
rennet - cuajo
rennin - rennina
rest - descansar
return - volver
rhubarb - ruibarbo
ribs - costillas
rice - arroz
rind - cscara
rinse - limpiar con agua
ripe - maduro
roast - asado/asar
roast beef - rosbi
roe - hueva
roll - rollito
roll out - aplanar
rosemary - romero
rub - frotar



S

saffron - azafrn
sage - salvia
salmon - salmn
salt cod - bacalao salado
salt - sal
salted - salado
sandwich (with Spanish bread) - bocadillo
sandwich toaster - sandwichera
sardines - sardinas
sauce - salsa
saucepan - cazo
sausage - salchicha
sausage meat - carne de salchicha
sausage roll - salchicha envuelta en hojaldre
saut - saltear
scald - escaldar
scallion (young onion) - cebolleta, cebolln,
cebolla de verdeo,
chalote, chalota
scrambled egg - huevos revueltos
sea bream - besugo
seal - sellar
seafood - mariscos
seasoning - condimento
season with salt - sazonar
season with salt and pepper - salmpimentar
seeds - semillas
self-raising - harina con levadura (Esp),
leudante (RPl)
sieve - tamizar
shallot - cebolleta
shapes - formas
shellfish - mariscos
shells - cscaras
sherry - jerez
shopping list - lista de la compra
shoulder - (cut of meat) paletilla, paleta
shrimp - (large) langostino, camarn
shrimp - (medium) camarn, gamba,
langostino
shrimp - (small) camarn, quisquilla
side - lado
silver foil - papel de aluminio
sieve - tamiz, cedazo, cernidor
simmer - cocinar a fuego lento
sirloin steak - solomillo
skim - desnatar
skimmed milk - leche desnatada
skin - n. piel / v. pelar
skinned - pelado
sliced - en trozos
sliced bread - pan de molde
slotted spoon - espumadera
smear - untar
smoked - ahumado
snack - un tentempi, un refrigerio
snack - (to have a snack) comer algo ligero
snail - caracol
soak - remojar
soft drink - refresco (bebida no alcohlica)
sour - agrio
sour cream - nata agria
soy sauce - salsa de soja
spaghetti - espaguetis
spare ribs - costillas
spicy - picante
spinach - espinacas
spoon - cucharada
spoon - sacar con cuchara
sprig - ramita
sprinkle - salpicar
squeeze - exprimir
squid - calamar
stale bread - pan duro
stalk - tallo
steak - bistec
steamer - vapor
stew - estofado
stiff - espeso
stir-fry - frer
stock - caldo
108
strain - colar
strainer - colador
strawberry - fresa
streaky bacon - tocino entreverado
strips - tiritas
stuff - rellenar
stuffing - relleno
suckling pig - lechn (cochinillo)
sugar - azucar
sultana - pasa sultana
sweet - dulce
sweet and sour - agridulce
sweet basil - albahaca
sweetbreads -mollejas, lechecillas
sweetcorn - maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo
(AmS), jojoto (Ven)
sweeten - endulzar, azucarar
sweetener - endulzante
sweet potato - boniato , batata , camote
(Andes, Mx)
syrup - (sugar solution) almbar
This e-book is published and distributed by
Discs Direct. All rights reserved.
sweet-toothed - goloso


T

tablespoon - cuchara (grande o de servir)
tangerine - mandarina, tangerina
tamal - tamale (ground maize and sometimes
meat or a sweet
filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)
tartar sauce - salsa trtara
taste - sabor
teaspoon - cucharita, cucharilla
tender - tierno
tenderloin steak- solomillo
tepid - tibio
thick - grueso, espeso
thicken - espesar
thickness - espesura, grueso
thinly slice - cortar en lonchas finas
thoroughly - completamente
thyme - tomillo
tie - atar
tin - lata
tinned - en lata
toasted - tostado
tofu - tofu, queso de soja
tomatoes - tomates
topping - lo que se pone encima de una base
toss - (salad) mezlar (pancake) dar la vuelta
transfer - transferir
transparent -
trickle - chorrear un poco
trim - cortar
tripe - mondongo, callos, pancita, guatitas
trout - trucha
tuna - atn
turkey - pavo, guajalote(Mx)
turn - dar la vuelta
turn off - apagar
unleavened (bread)- pan zimo, pan sin
levadura


V

vanilla essence - esencia de vainilla
vinegar - vinagre
veal - ternera (de animal muy joven y de
carne plida)
venison - (carne de) venado
vodka - vodka

W

walnuts - nueces (de california)
warm - calentar
wash - lavar
watercress - berro
wedge - pedazo grande
whipped cream - nata montada
whisk - batir
whole - entero
wild boar - jabal
wipe - limpiar con un pao



Y

yolks - yemas
Yorkshire pudding - masa horneada a base
de leche, huevos y harina
que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif



Z

zest - cscara, peladura
zucchini - calabacn,calabacita, zapallito


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109