EXHIBITION STUDY GUIDE

Government Structures
Explain types of government and pros/cons of each: anarchy,
dictatorship, monarchy, theocracy, parliament, republic
Anarchy: Free
Pro: do what you want, there's full individual freedom / Con: People dont get punished for
their bad behavior so it will continue and there will be chaos. Break down of society.

Dictatorship: Force
Pro: If you want power you have a chance to get it and there is no arguments in the
government/ Con: you will most likely get killed if you have the power, very strict rules.

Monarchy: Family
Pro: you know you have power and dont have to worry about not getting it or being killed in
order to have it, history and tradition/ Con: no one else can have it because they are not in your
family unless you are married into the family

Theocracy: God
Pro: you can keep living up to your religion, not much arguing about religion. Con: it might not
be your religion so you might not like it, everyone must think alike.

Parliament: the parliament elects the president and work in the house of congress

Republic: President, branches (judicial=panel of judges, executive= president, vice president,
governor, enforce laws , legislative= makes the laws )
Pros: No power to one individual, efficient and structured / Con: voted into position but
sometimes there is no clear winner because they are so close in votes that they are not voted
by the people but by about 50 percent of the people, lots of arguing

Explain types of economic systems and pros/cons of each:
communism, socialism, capitalism
Communism: Pros: Everyone gets equal amount of power. Cons: The rich dont get an
advantage to having more power.
Socialism:
Capitalism: Everyone gets something but others have more depending on how they worked.
Describe what a Utopian community is
A utopian community is a perfect civilized community that everyone can have a good time in.


Tribal Skills
Problem solve
Working through problems by talking and compromising. examples like choosing our tribal
government. Shianne wanted dictatorship but we voted on having a democracy so that we all
have a say.
Work together as a tribe to solve problems
Hold
Assess strengths of tribe members
Colony meeting

PRINCIPLES OF HEAT TRANSFER
Resources Website: http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SCE304
1. What is heat transfer in your own words? Give at least two examples that you can
think of.
Heat Transfer is when heat transfers from a hot object to a cold object.
2. How does heat travel? Cold to warm? Warm to cold? Give me an example that will
help you remember this.
Heat travels from warm to cold. If you touch a hot object, you get burned. If you have an ice
cube and put it in warm water it melts.
3. What are three ways heat can be transferred in our environment?
Conduction, convection and radiation
4. How does conduction work? Give me an example of how you can remember what
conduction is.
Conduction is when heat is transferred from one object to another.
5. Give me some examples of heat conductors.
Wire, water, iron, gold, silver, copper, nickel
6. Give me some examples of good heat insulators
Newspaper, cardboard, bubble wrap, vacuum.
7. Come up with two examples of where you might want to use an insulator.
You might want to insulate the sides and bottoms of the solar cooker so that it helps keep the
warm air in.
8. Come up with two example of where you might want to use a conductor.
You would want to use a conductor on the absorber plate so it can capture the heat and transfer
it to anything touching the conductor.
9. Give a detailed description of how does convection heating works?
Convection heating is the up and down movements of liquids and gasses. Heat rises but when
it cools down it will go down and other gasses or liquids will rise causing a current in the air.
10. Give 2 examples from the website and one of your own of convection heating.
A hot air balloon and the higher you get in a room temperature building the hotter it gets, The
steam rises and drops because it gets cold.
11. What is radiation?
Radiation is when electromagnetic waves come in contact with an object and heats it up.
12. What happens when electromagnetic waves come in contact with an object?
When electromagnetic waves come in contact with another object, it heats up the object.
(radiation)
13. Can you think of other examples of radiation heat transfer?
When the sun shines over the solar cooker and touches the metal absorber plate.

PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR COOKER DESIGN
Heating Principles
Heat Gain

What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect is when light and heat comes in but doesnt come out.
How does the greenhouse effect relate to solar cooking?
The greenhouse effect relates to the solar cooker because you dont want the heat to escape
but you want to let the heat continue heating up the box.
What type of heat transfer is illustrated by the greenhouse effect?
The Greenhouse effect combines two heat transfers. Radiation and convection. Radiation
because the electromagnetic waves from the sun shine down and into the solar cooker.
convection because once inside the solar cooker, the heat rises and drops depending on how
warm and cold the air inside it is.
Why is it important to have a dark metal absorber in your solar cooker?
It is important to have a dark metal absorber in your solar cooker so that the heat doesnt reflect
off the bottom and out of the solar cooker.
Why might you want to have you absorber plate slightly off the bottom of your
cooker
You should have your plate slightly off the bottom because it helps to keep the heat in the
cooker and if you have it laying down on the ground, the heat will escape through the bottom of
the solar cooker.
How does glass orientation effect your solar cooker?
If the glass isnt pointing towards the sun, then no heat rays will enter the box and heat up the
air.
How can reflectors improve your cooker?
Reflectors improve the cooker because it captures the heat and reflects it into the cooker,
causing the temperature to rise.

Heat Loss

How does conduction play a role in good solar cooker design?
Conduction plays a role in a good solar cooker because conduction helps move the heat to the
cold object that was placed into the cooker.
How does radiation play a role in good solar cooker design?
Radiation plays a role in solar cookers because the elctromagnetic waves are in the cooker and
when it hits an object, it warms which helps cook food.
Why would you want to use foil on the sides of the cooker?
To bounce off heat from the sides of the solar cooker.
What happens to the radiate heat given off by pots or pans in the cooker?

How does convection play a role in good solar cooker design?
If there is less convection, then we have less heat loss and less cold air coming in.
What type of heat transfer explains the loss of heat through crack or holes in your
cooker?
Convention is the type of heat transfer that explains the loss of heat through cracks or holes in
our solar cooker.

Heat Storage

Why would you want to increase the thermal mass inside your solar cooker?
You would want to increase the thermal mass inside your cooker because otherwise there
might not be enough space for your food to cook.
What is the importance?
It is important because without enough space to the food, we wouldnt be eating.

Material Requirements
Structural Materials:

Considering the short amount of time you have to build your cooker, what is
structural material will you use to build the body of your cooker?
We used wood, cardboard, newspaper, foam, plexiglass, and bungee cords.
What is a possible issue with dense structural materials, how will you deal with
it?
Insulation
What can you use as insulators for your solar cooker and where will you use
them?
You can use newspaper, foil and cardboard are good insulators and you would use them on the
inside sides of the solar cooker to keep the heat in the cooker. Having no insualtors will let the
hot air out, which will not keep the cooker warm.
How can you minimize the loss of heat through conduction when installing your
insulation? (This question may need to be researched elsewhere.)

Moisture Resistance:

Why is moisture resistance an issue?
because we dont want to much water damaging our structure for our solar
cooker
How does moisture escape the cookers?
moisture escapes through small holes and cracks in the structure of the solar
cooker

Design Proportion and Operation

What considerations should be taken for the size of the box?

What is the importance of solar collection area to box volume ratio?
How can you determine the solar collection area to box volume ratio?

What is the role of reflectors?
Reflectors get energy heat into the cooker. When the suns energy hits the reflectors, if the
reflectors are faced correctly, the heat will bounce into the cooker, causing it to warm.

WATER CHEMISTRY
resource:
website:http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/mwater.html

Here is a webstite that has a picture of the different colors the cabbag juice will turn, it also has
a overview of the lab.
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/cabbage.htm

IN ADDITION TO THE QUESTIONS BELOW PLEASE REVIEW THE CABBAGE JUICE
PH LABS AND MAKE SURE YOU KNOW HOW TO TEST A WATER SAMPLE FOR PH
LEVELS.
What is an acid, give examples of three common acidic substances?
Acid is a chemical substance and 3 examples are vinegar, lemon juice and battery acid
What is a base, give examples of three common base substances?
A base is a higher ph level from 8 - 14, some examples are lye, ammonia and baking
soda.
How can you neutralize an acid?
Add more base.
How can you neutralize a base?
Add more acid.
What is the ph scale and how is it used?
The PH scale is a scale telling if a substance is more acidic or more basic.
Would a strong acid have a high or low ph level?
Low, the lowest is 0.
Would a strong base have a high or low ph level?
High, the highest is 14.
What is the ph level of distilled water?
The ph level is 7.