Timpurile Verbelor

TIMPURILE VERBELOR
Modul INDICATIV................................................................................................................................................ 3
1) Present tense simple ................................................................................................................................ 3
2) Present tense continuos ......................................................................................................................... 4
3) Present perfect (simple) ......................................................................................................................... 5
4) Present perfect continuos ..................................................................................................................... 6
5) Past tense (simple) ................................................................................................................................... 7
6) Past tense continuous ............................................................................................................................. 8
7) Past perfect simple ................................................................................................................................... 9
8) Past perfect continuous ........................................................................................................................ 10
9) Future Simple ............................................................................................................................................. 11
10) Future Continuous ................................................................................................................................. 11
11) Future Perfect Simple .......................................................................................................................... 12
12) Future Perfect Continuous ................................................................................................................ 12
Modul CONDITIONAL....................................................................................................................................... 13
13) Future in the Past Simple = Conditional Present Simple ....................................................13
14) Future in the Past Continuous = Conditional Present C ......................................................13
15) Conditional Past Simple .................................................................................................................... 14
16) Conditional Past Continuous ............................................................................................................ 14
Modul SUBCONJUNCTIV................................................................................................................................ 15
16. Sunconjunctiv vechi ............................................................................................................................. 15
17. Subconjunctiv prezent ......................................................................................................................... 15
18. Subconjunctiv perfect .......................................................................................................................... 15
19. Subconjunctiv analitic sau perifrasic .......................................................................................... 15
a)
shall / should......................................................................................................................................... 15
b)
may / might............................................................................................................................................ 16
c)
Would....................................................................................................................................................... 16
d)
Could....................................................................................................................................................... 16
NOTA: had better / best / rather...................................................................................................................... 16
FORMA VB+ING................................................................................................................................................. 17
1)
Participiul.............................................................................................................................................. 17
- The Present Participle - activ........................................................................................................................ 17
- The Present Participle - pasiv....................................................................................................................... 17
- The Past Participle -activ........................................................................................................................... 17
- The Past Participle - pasiv............................................................................................................................. 17
2)
Substantiv verbal................................................................................................................................ 17
3)
Gerundiv................................................................................................................................................. 17
Adjectiv verbal............................................................................................................................................... 17
Forma vb+ed................................................................................................................................................... 17
VERBELE MODALE........................................................................................................................................... 18
1) CAN COULD............................................................................................................................................ 18
To able to......................................................................................................................................................... 18
2) Must............................................................................................................................................................. 18
To have to........................................................................................................................................................ 18
3) May Might................................................................................................................................................ 19
To be allowed to, to be permitted to................................................................................................................. 19
To be possible to............................................................................................................................................. 19
4) SHALL SHOULD..................................................................................................................................... 19
5) WILL WOULD.......................................................................................................................................... 19
6) OUGHT TO.................................................................................................................................................. 19
7) Need - Needed.......................................................................................................................................... 19
8) Dare Dared.............................................................................................................................................. 20
9) To be going to........................................................................................................................................... 20
To be to............................................................................................................................................................ 20
To be on the point of + vb-ing.......................................................................................................................... 20
ORDINEA CUVINTELOR IN PROPOZITIE................................................................................................... 20
ZILELE SAPTAMANII:...................................................................................................................................... 21
Ora exacta: ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Modul INDICATIV
1) Present tense simple - forma :
I, you, we, they - vb.forma1
He, she, it
- vb.forma1+s/es
Se traduce:
A
I
N
Timpul prezent = Este acea actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii

Ex: Eu aud
vb regulate
I, you, we, they
come
He, she, it
comes
.
Do
I, you, we, they
come
Does he, she, it
come
.
I, you, we, they dont
smoke
He, she, it
doesnt
smoke
vb neregulate
stop
stops
DIATEZA PASIVA
is come / stopped
- adevaruri general valabile sau legi ale naturii

Ex. pamantul se invarte = the earth it turns around the sun
- instructiuni de folosire a aparatelor, masinilor, echipamentelor, instructiuni de orientare
- programe de lucru oficiale ale institutiilor, avioane, dead-line-uri pt proiecte, comentarii sportive, reclame
- exprima actiuni permanente sau stari generale
Ex. She works in a bank
Ex. Eu merg = I walk
- Intocmirea rapoartelor (rapoarte care pe parcursul lunii/anului nu raman definitive)
- exprima actiuni/stari viitoare
Ex.
Maine este duminica = Tommorow is Sunday
Putem manca cand vei veni = we can eat when you arrive
- exprima actiuni sau obiceiuri care se repeta in general.
fol. adv.: always, usually, often, seldom (rareori, rar), never, as a rule (mai intotdeauna), whenever (ori de
cate ori), one ussualy (de obicei), once in a while (din cand in cand)
Ex: intodeauna se tine de cuvant, = he always keeps his word
adesea se duc la mare = they often go to the seaside
Eu beau cafea, fumez = I drink coffee, smoke
- comentarii / recenzii sortive / povestiri dramatice
Ex. Smythe serves the ball and Lanyon misses it ..
NOTA:
dupa when, until, while, as nu se foloseste will si nici Present Perfect. Se foloseste Present Simple.
Ex: Putem manca cand vii = we can eat when you arrive.
NOTA: In general se folosec adverbele:
Every day/week/month/year, usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, often, in the
morning/evening/afternoon, at night, on Monday,
2) Present tense continuos - forma:

Se traduce:
to be + vb.forma1+ing
Timpul prezent = Este acea actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii Ex: Eu aud
vb regulate
I
am
coming
You
are
coming
He, she, it
is
coming
We
are
coming
They
are
coming
I
Am
I
coming
Are
you
coming
.
N
I
Am not
coming
You
Are not
coming
A
vb neregulate
stopping
DIATEZA PASIVA
is being solved
- Exprima actiuni/stari repetate frecvent care enerveaza / deranjeaza:

Ex. She is always annoying me = Ea ma critica intotdeauna
- repetarea unei actiuni in mod constant - fol. adv. : always, constantly, continually
Ex: ei insista mereu asupra acestui lucru = they are constantly insisting on this
- Exprima actiuni/stari temporare dar definite ca timp
fol. vb.: at the moment, now, in present, all the time, this week/ holiday/winter.
Ex. Ea nu vine la birou pt moment, aceasta vara, etc = she is not coming in the office for the moment / this
Summer;
In vacanta locuieste la hotel = In holiday she is living in hotel.
Ea isi petrece saptamana cu mama ei = She is spending the week with her mother
- Intocmirea rapoatelor la sfarsitul lunii (rapoarte care raman definitive)
- intrebari despre planurile de viitor: Ex. Ce faci diseara = What are you doing tonight
- programe fixate in viitorul apropiat
Ex. Eu ma duc la teatru in aceasta seara = I am going to theatre this evening
- exprima actiuni/stari care vor avea loc intr-un viitor apropiat
Ex. Ei vin diseara = they are coming tonight
- actiuni care se petrec in momentul sau in jurul momentului vorbirii
Ex. Soarele rasare acum = The sun is shining now
El studiaza pentru examene = He is studying for exams
El locuieste la tara = he is living in the country
NOTA: - pentru verbele care exprima procese mintale sentimente, stari sufletesti NU SE FOLOSESTE
Present Continuous, decat daca se doreste sa se exagereze ceva in acel moment.
Ex:
I am wishing to go to ; I am wanting to say..
- La acest timp verbele have, be si see isi schimba sensul:
Ex.
I am having a shower=fac un dus; Are you having problem. are sens de a face, a avea; Have = a
avea
She is being noisy = Se poarta/comporta zgomotos; are sens de a se purta; Be = a fi
I am seeing = Ma intalnesc are sens de a merge, a intalni,; See = a vedea, a intelege
I am thinking to study Law = ma gandesc sa studies. Are sens de a gandi; Think = a avea o idee
It is appearing = are sens de a aparea; Appear = a pare
I am tasting a cake = are sens de a gusta, Taste = a avea gust => It tastes a little biter (amar)
They are looking .. = are sens de a privi. Look = a arata intr-un fel
NOTA: In general se folosec adverbele:
Now, at the moment, at present, nowadays, today, tonight, always, still
3) Present perfect (simple) - forma: - have/has + vb.forma3 / vb+ed

Se traduce cu: Trecutul daca actiunea se termina in present
Prezentul daca actiunea contiuna in present
Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la care se
refera actiunea exprimata de verb. Ex: El venea, descleca
Timpul perfect simplu = Exprima actiunea savarsita in trecut, dar terminata de curand fata de momentul
vorbirii. Ex: El veni, desclec
Timpul perfect compus = Exprima actiuni trecute si terminate mai de mult sau de curand, fara a preciza
timpul cand au fost savarsite. Ex: Eu am ajuns
A
I
N
vb neregulat vb regulat
I, you, we, they have
driven
stopped
He, she, it
has
driven
stopped
..
Have I, you, they
driven
stopped
Has
he, she, it
driven
stopped
.
I, you, they
have not
driven
stopped
He, she, it
has not
driven
stopped
.
DIATEZA PASIVA
have been stopped
- exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut nedefinita in timp si care se continua si in present

fol adv.: - just, ever, already, never, often, seldom, always, sometimes, already, rarely, frequently,
occasionally, generally se pun in fata vb, ATENTIE la YET
- today, this week, month, summer, lately, recently, on late se pun la sf propozitiei
- since, for pt propozitiile care le preced se pun la sf propozitiei
Ex:
jocul abia a inceput = the game has just began
Has she finished paper yet? She has not finished the paper yet.
- exprima actiuni incepute in trecut, intamplate intr-un moment nespecificat
Ex. I have been teacher for 10 years aici FOR introduce durata = Sunt professor de 10 azi
sau since 1993 aici SINCE introduce momentul
- actiuni incepute in trecut deja terminate, avand legatura cu prezentul, cu specificarea sau nu a referintei timp
Ex. El si-a cumparat o casa = He has bought a house (acum are deja o casa)
Abia s-a intors de la Paris = He has just returned from Paris (e mentionata referinta timp = just=abia)
- exprima actiuni incepute in trecut si terminate de curand
Fol: over the last few days/months, monthly, recently, lately.
Ex. The dollar has fallen in the last few days
Ea si-a vopsit parul negru = She has dyed her hair black
- vreau sa ma refer la o actiune inceputa in trecut dar nu mentionez momentul cand s-a intamplat ea
Ex. Ti-am spus saptamana trecuta ca ti-o trimit = Last week I told you that I have sent you (adica am
trimis-o deja)
Ai fost in Turcia vreodata = Have you ever been in Turkey
Ai vazut filmul acela = Have you seen that movie
- cand se doreste accentuarea unui numar
Ex.
He has seen three films this week
She has had four cups of coffee since she woke up.
- experinte personale / schimbari care au avut loc
Ex. She has lost weight recently
- se foloseste in intrebari legate de durata
Ex:
de cand esti professor? = for how long you have been teacher
NOTA: In general se folosesc adverbele:
Just, ever, already, yet, always, how long, so far, recently, since, for,
4) Present perfect continuos forma: have/has +been+vb.forma1+ing

Se traduce cu: Trecutul daca actiunea se termina in present = am fumat
Prezentul daca actiunea contiuna in present = fumez
Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la care se
refera actiunea exprimata de verb. Ex: El venea, descleca
Timpul perfect simplu = Exprima actiunea savarsita in trecut, dar terminata de curand fata de momentul
vorbirii. Ex:
El veni, desclec
Timpul perfect compus = Exprima actiuni trecute si terminate mai de mult sau de curand, fara a preciza
timpul cand au fost savarsite. Ex: Eu am ajuns
I
have been
driving
stopping
You
have been
driving
stopping
He, she, it
has been
driving
stopping
We
have been
driving
stopping
They
have been
driving
stopping
..
Have I
been
driving
stopping
Have you
been
Has
he,she,it
been
..
I
have not been
driving
stopping
You
have not been
He, she, it
has not been .
DIATEZA PASIVA
have been being stopped
- exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut, care se desfasoara si in prezent, in mod continuu si neintrerupt
Ex.
Ea nu invata de cand ai plecat, = she has not been learning
Ce fac ei de trei ore? = what they have been doing
- se foloseste cand vreau sa marchez durata unei actiuni incepute in trecut
se fol: for, since, how long
Ex: Eu conduc de zile = I have been driving for days
He has been feeling unwell for days.
- se foloseste pt a intreba ceva legat de durata sau in salut
Ex: ce ai mai facut in ultima perioada = what have you been doing lately
- pt a marca aspectul continuu al unei actiuni/stari incepute in trecut
Ex: ai alergat? = have you been running
- actiune inceputa in trecut cu o durata sigura avand efecte/rezultate visibile in prezent
Ex. He has been running. Thats why he is out of breath.
- pentru a exprima furia, iritarea, supararea, explicatia sau critica
Ex. She has been using my make-up
- se foloseste cand vrem sa exprimam politetea.
Ex. I have been wanting
NOTA:
dupa when, until, while, as nu se foloseste will si nici Present Perfect. Se foloseste Present Simple.
Ex: Putem manca cand vii = we can eat when you arrive.
NOTA: In general se folosesc adverbele:
Just, ever, already, yet, always, how long, so far, recently, since, for, today, this week / month,
5) Past tense (simple) - forma :

se traduce:
I
N
-vb. reg.-vb. Forma1+ed

-vb. nereg.-vb. forma2
Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la
care se refera actiunea exprimata de verb. Ex: El venea, descleca
Timpul perfect simplu = Exprima actiunea savarsita in trecut, dar terminata de curand fata de
momentul vorbirii. Ex: El veni, desclec
Timpul perfect compus = Exprima actiuni trecute si terminate mai de mult sau de curand, fara a
preciza timpul cand au fost savarsite. Ex: Eu am ajuns.
Timpul mai mult ca perfectul = Exprima actiuni savarsite in trecut si terminate inaintea altei
actiuni trecute. Ex: El iesise / declecase inaintea plecarii lui
I, you, we, they
came
smoked
He, she, it
.
Did
I, you, we, they
come
smoke
he, she, it
.
I, you, we, they didnt
come
smoke
He, she, it
did not
DIATEZA PASIVA
was stopped
(!! vb nu mai are fara ED)
-exprima actiuni incepute in trecut (terminate sau continui) pe care le povestim si le percepem ca incheiate
Ex: I worked within Ropeco, a Romanian company = Am lucrat la Ropeco, o companie romaneasca
- obiceiuri sau stari vechi
Ex. He rode his bike to school every day when he was a child = Cand era copil mergea cu bicicleta
- actiuni sau evenimente incepute in trecut, finalizate care s-au petrecut la un moment din trecut, bine specificat
fol.adv.: last year, yesterday, a week ago, last week
Ex. She sold her car last week
- exprima actiuni incepute in trecut, terminate, fara legatura cu momentul present al vorbirii si care au referinta de
timp mentionata sau sugerata sau subinteleasa
Ex: Statea acolo fara sa se clinteasca = he sited there without budging
Shakespeare wrote at least 36 plays (deci el este mort si nu mai poate scrie)
- exprima actiuni/secvente incepute in trecut care s-au petrecut imediat una dupa alta
fol.adv. : sometimes, often, usually
Ex.
Am raspuns la telefon si i-am auzit vocea = I answered the phone and I heard his voice
She woke up, got out of bed and made a cup of tea
Ne duceam uneori acolo = we sometimes went there
6) Past tense continuous
- forma :
I, he, she, it
-was+vb+ing
you, we, they -were+vb+ing
se traduce cu: Timpul imperfect = Exprima o actiune desfasurata in trecut, dar care continua si in momentul la
I, He, she, it
was
coming
smoking
you, we, they were
.
Was
I, He, she, it
coming
smoking
Were
you, we, they
.
I, He, she, it
was not
coming
smoking
you, we, they were not
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
was being stopped
- doua sau mai multe actiuni incepute in trecut, desfasurate simultan si cu o durata sigura
Ex. I was washing up while he was drying the dishes
- exprima o actiune desf. in trecut pe o perioada de timp determinata.
- se refera la o actiune inceputa in trecut, care se afla in desfasurare la un moment bine specificat
fol.adv.: yesterday, a week ago, last week.
Ex. La ora 2, ieri scriam o scrisoare = Yesterday at 2 o clock I was writing a letter
De data aceasta sapt trecuta calatoream prin Africa = This time last week I was traveling accross
Africa
- exprima o actiune trecuta aflata in desfasurare si intrerupata de o alta actiune trecuta.
Ex. I was talking a shower when I heard the telephone ring
NOTA:
Cand se folosesc 2 Past Tense Continuous in acea propozitie se arata paralelismul actiunilor. Actiuni
lungi care se desfasoara in paralel. - folosim When, while, as
Ex. Ea citea cand el gatea =She was reading when he was cooking
Cand se folosesc 2 Past Tense Simple in acea propozitie se arata actiuni scurte, una s-a incheiat si a
inceput alta
Ex. Am inchis usa si am bagat cheia in yala
Cand se folosesc Past Tense Continuous si Past Tense Simple in acea propozitie se arata o actiune
lunga (Past Tense Continuous) intrerupta de una scurta (Past Tense Simple)
Ex. Ea citea cand telefonul a sunat.= She was reading when the phone rang - actiune scurta
actiune lunga
O forma specif timpului Past = viitor apropiat (near future in the past). exprima intentia savarsirii
unei actiuni viitoare
1) to be goig to =Past Continuos a vb to go + vb infinitiv = a avea de gand, a intentiona, a fi pe punctul
de a
Ex. Eu voiam sa intreb, eram pe punctul = I was going to ask
Vesnic se pregatea sa porneasca dar niciodata nu se urnea din loc = He was always going to go
and never going
2) to be to =Past Continuos a vb to be + vb infinitiv = a avea de gand, a intentiona, a fi pe punctul de
a cu diferenta ca actiunea a fost planificata / hotarata dinainte
Ex. Urmeaza sa vizitam muzeul duminica = We were being to visit the museum on Sunday
7) Past perfect simple - forma : had+vb forma3

A
I
N
I, you, she he
had
driven
stopped
It, We, they
.
Had
I, you, she he
driven
stopped
It, We, they
.
I, you, she he
had not
driven
stopped
It, We, they
DIATEZA PASIVA
has been stopped
- actiune trecuta ce se petrece inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute sau inainte de o perioada de timp trecute, bine
definita
Ex. Regele era casatorit de mult cand baiatul s-a nascut si a fost botezat = the king had been married for a
long time when the boy was born and baptized
De abia vazu balonul ca si incepu sa deseneze un ceas pana cand impunse cauciucul si balonul se
sparse = He had no sooner seen the balloon than he started drawing a clock on it, until he stung the
rubber and the balloon burst.
Auzisem vestea inainte de a ajunge acasa = I had heard the rumor before to arrive at home
De abia incepusem sa citesc, cand el dadu buzna in odaie = I had scarcely started reading when he
rushed into the room
Catre ora 11 tradusesera intreaga poezie = They had translated the whole poem by 11 oclock
In preajama celei de-a doua zi de tabara el si-a facut mai multi preieteni= By his second day camp he
had made several friends.
- actiuni trecute, incheiate care au efecte visibile in trecut => fol.adv.: before, after
Ex. She felt safer after she had locked all the doors. = Ea se simti in siguranta dupa ce a incuiat usile
- echivalentul trecutului lui Present perfet
Ex. The room was empty, everyone has gone (Present Perfect: The room is empty, everyone has gone)
8) Past perfect continuous - forma: had+been+vb+ing

vb regulate
vb neregulate
DIATEZA PASIVA
I, you, she he
had been
driving
stopping
had been being stopped
It, We, they
.
Had
I, you, she he
been
driving
stopping
It, We, they
.
I, you, she he
had been not driving
stopping
It, We, they
A
I
N
-exprima o actiune trecuta inceputa inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute dar continuand pe timpul duratei celei de a
doua actiuni.
Ex. Scria de 2 ore cand veni sa o vada cumnata ei = She had been writing for two hours when her sister in
law came to see her.
-exprima o actiune trecuta desf. inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute dar vreau sa insist asupra duratei primei actiuni.
fol. adv.: before, after, when
Ex. Condusesem pt 6 ore si eram f obosit = I had been driving for 6 hours and I was very tired
Past Perfect C
Past Tense C
NOTA: Daca actiunea de referinta este la Prezent ea se coreleaza cu Prezent Perfect= care este actiunea ce
se intampla inainte de actiunea de referinta
Daca actiunea de referinta este la Past Tense ea se coreleaza cu Past Perfect = care este actiunea ce
se intampla inainte de actiunea de referinta
Ex. Aflasem de relatia lor de la John inainte ca ei sa hotarasca sa-mi spuna = I had known about their
affair from John before they decided to tell me actiunea de referinta (Past Tense)
Expresia Used to se foloseste numai la trecut, cand vreau sa arat o actiune care o faceam in trecut si
nu o mai fac deloc/niciodata
Ex. Obisnuiam sa merg cu bicicleta cand eram copil =I used to ride on a bike when I was a child
9) Future Simple -forma: I, we

you, he, she,it,they
-shall+vb-forma1
-will+ vb-forma 1
se traduce cu: eu voi fuma - viitor anterior

A
I
N
I, we
shall
come
smoke
you, he, she, it, they
will
.
Shall I, we
come
smoke
Will
.
I, we
shall not
come
smoke
will not
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall be stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care se va efectua sigur, viitor de porunca, promisiune si hotarare,
afirma savarsirea unei actiuni viitoare
Ex.
I will ask = eu voi (neaparat, te asigur)

You shall ask = tu vei intreba (pt ca este obligat)
I shall help him = il voi ajuta (simpla afirmatie)
I will help him = il voi ajuta (sigur, promisiune
NOTA: Will se foloseste numai la exprimarea viitorului care se intampla SIGUR
10) Future Continuous

forma:
I, we
-shall+be+vb + ing
-will+be +vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fuma
A
I
N
I, we
shall be
coming
smoking
will
be
.
Shall I, we
be
coming
smoking
Will
be
.
I, we
shall not be
coming
smoking
will not be
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall be being stopped
- exprima o actiune/stari in desfasurare intr-un moment din viitor

Ex.
Tomorrow I shall be working = Maine voi lucra.

At five oclock they will be starting the game= la ora cinci vor incepe jocul
11) Future Perfect Simple

-forma:
I, we
-shall+have +vb-forma 3
-will+have + vb-forma 3
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fi fumat - viitor anterior
A
I
N
I, we
shall have
come smoked
will
have
.
Shall
I, we
have come smoked
Will
have
I, we
shall not
have come smoked
will not
have
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall have been stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care se va efectua inaintea unui anumit moment din viitor
Ex.
I shall have returned by ten = ma voi intoarce/ voi fi intors pana la zece
- o actiune/stare presupusa referitoare la trecut
Ex.
You will have heard about it= Vei fi auzit/probabil ai auzit despre asta.
12) Future Perfect Continuous

forma:
I, we
-shall+have+been+vb + ing
-will+have +been +vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fi fumat
A
I
N
I, we
shall have been
coming smoking
will have been
.
Shall I, we
have been coming
smoking
Will
have been
.
I, we
shall not have been coming smoking
will not have been
DIATEZA PASIVA
shall have been being stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare care va incepe inaintea unui alt moment viitor, in timpul careia actiunea
va continua
Ex.
When he returns we shall have been waiting for him for hours together = Cind (in momentul in care)
se va intoarce (el) il vom fi asteptat cateva ceasuri in sir.
Modul CONDITIONAL
13) Future in the Past Simple = Conditional Present Simple
-forma :
I, we
you, he, she,it, they
-should+vb
-would+vb
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fuma, voi fuma
I, we
should / would
come
smoke
should / would
.
Should/would I, we
come
smoke
Should/would you, he, she, it, they
.
I, we
should/would not
come
smoke
should/would not
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
should be stopped
- exprima o conditie sau o actiune dorita

Ex. I would go home = As pleca acasa
I should go home = Ar trebui sa plec acasa
What should I do? = Ce as putea face?
You might ask her? = Ai putea sa o intrebi pe ea
You could ask her ? = Ai putea
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare raportata la un moment din trecut
Ex.
Mi-a spus ieri ca se va intoarce maine = he told me yesterday that he would return tomorrow
Marti John mi-a spus ca miercuri urma sa mergem la film=On Tuesday John told me that Thursday
we would go to the movie
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari a carei realizare depinde in general de indeplinirea unei conditii
Ex.
As cumpara aceasta carte daca o gasesc = I should buy this book if I found it
- cu vb care exprima dorinta wish. Like, want
Ex. M-iar placea sa ma duc la mare = I should like to go to the seaside
(FFF RAR)
14) Future in the Past Continuous = Conditional Present C
forma: - I, we
-should+be + vb + ing
- you, he, she,it, they -would+be + vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu voi fuma
I, we
should be
coming
smoking
would be
.
Should be
I, we
be coming
smoking
Would be
you, he, she, it, they be
.
I, we
should not be coming
smoking
would not be
A
I
N
exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare fata de un moment in trecut
DIATEZA PASIVA
should be being stopped
15) Conditional Past Simple

-forma :
I, we
you, he, she,it, they
-should + have + vb-forma 3

-would + have + vb-forma 3
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fi fumat
I, we
should/would have come
smoked
should/would
.
I
S/W
I, we
have come
smoked
S/W
.
N
I, we
S/W not
have come
smoked
you, he, she, it, they S/W not
have
A
DIATEZA PASIVA
should have been stopped
- exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari a carei realizare a depins in general de indeplinirea unei conditii
Ex.
Ce-ai fi facut daca ai fi fost acolo = What would you have done if you had been there
El te-ar fi sunat = He would have called you
El ar fi trebuit sa te sune = He should have called you
- cu vb care exprima dorinta want, wish, like
Mi-ar fi placut sa locuiesc la tara =I should have liked to live in the country
(FFF RAR)
16) Conditional Past Continuous
forma: - I, we
-should+have been + vb + ing
- you, he, she,it, they -would+have beenbe + vb + ing
nota:
se traduce cu: eu as fi fumat
A
I
N
DIATEZA PASIVA
I, we
should have been coming
smoking should have been being stopped
would have been
.
Should I, we
have been
coming
smoking
Would you, he, she, it, they
.
I, we
should not have been coming
smoking
would not have been
NOTA:
- daca 2 propozitii sunt legate cu AND in ambele propozitii se foloseste acelasi TIMP
Modul SUBCONJUNCTIV
Exprima actiuni ireale dar realizabila
16. Sunconjunctiv vechi

Se foloseste vbr la invinitiv fara particula TO
Ex. It is important that he take part in the discusion = este important ca el sa ia parte la discutie
Far be it from me to = departe de mine gandul de a
Suffice it to say = E suficient sa spun ca
Long live = Sa traiasca
17. Subconjunctiv prezent

Are o singura forma la toate persoanele = Past tense = vb la forma forma a 2 a sau vb + ed
Ex. I wish he understood me = as dori sa ma inteleaga
Its time we left = E timpul sa plecam
NOTA: Exceptie este vb TO BE care in acest caz are forma WERE
Ex. If I were you = daca as fi in locul tau
If you were me = daca ai fi in locul meu
I wish I were him = as vrea sa fiu in locul lui
NOTA: In vorbirea colocviala WERE se inlocuieste cu WAS
Ex. I wish he was here = As dori sa fie aici
Suppose he were here what would you tell him? = Presupunand ca ar fi aici, ce i-ai spune?
18. Subconjunctiv perfect
- este identic cu Past Perfect = had been +vb forma a 3 a
- exprima o actiune anterioara celei exprimate de verbul din propozitia principala sau o situatie ireala.
- se traduce prin conjunctiv perfect sau conditional perfect
Ex. David wished he had not been so absent-minded = David ar fi dorit sa nu fi fost asa absent
If he had been there he would have helped them = Daca ar fi fost acolo i-ar fi ajutat.
19. Subconjunctiv analitic sau perifrasic
- sunt constructii similare cu subconjunctivul present sau past
Shall / should + vb
Shall / should
May / might
+ vb
May / might
Would
+ vb
Would
Could
+ vb
Could
have +Vb-ed / a III a forma

a) shall / should se folosesc la toate persoanele in propozitii care urmeaza dupa:

- verbele: to demand, to insist, to order, to request, to decide, to advise, to expect, to
recommend, to suggest, to hurry, sau cu that
Ex. We expect that the new school building shall be finished soon
The manager ordered that the papers should be delivered in time
- constructiile: it . + to be + adjective + that
It = it is necessary, it is advisable, it is essential, it is better, it is vital, it is important, it
is right, it is fair, it is natural, it is strange, it is odd, it is desirable, it is amazing, it is
annoying, it is ridiculous, it is absurd, it is required, it is surprising, it is requested, it is
arranged, it is wonderful, it is impossible, it is possible, it is disappointing,,,
Ex. It is important that everybody should be present = este important ca toata lumea sa fie prezenta
It was strange that they should have lied to us.
It was better that you should have finished your work before coming here.
It is essential for me that he should come in time
- cuvintele: desire, idea, intention, proposal, wish, suggestion, request, agreement,
demand, arrangement, lest (ca sa nu), in case, for fear (de frica sa nu), it is (high) time (e
timpul sa), even though, however, whatever, as if, as though..
Ex. His suggestion is that we should go togheter
We hurried lest we should miss the bus
The arrangements was that they should have met before going to the meeting
I will go there even though you should consider me a fool
However difficult it should be, it is worth trying = Oricat de greu ar fi, merita sa incerci
Whatever your friends should have told you, you must not give up. = Orice ti-ar fi spus prietenii tai
- NOTA: constructia: for+ vb infintiv lung poate fi inlocuita cu subconjunctiv

Ex. It is important to see you = It is important that I should see you
b) may / might se folosesc la toate persoanele in propozitii care urmeaza dupa:
- in expresii care denota teama, speranta, dorinta, urare
Ex. May you live long life
He was afraid they may not find him at home
We hope he may be honest
NOTA: Asezat dupa constructiile si cuvintele de mai jos are sens de A SE PUTEA / A FI POSIBIL
- constructiile: it . + to be + adjective + that
It = it is necessary, it is advisable, it is essential, it is better, it is vital, it is important, it
is right, it is fair, it is natural, it is strange, it is odd, it is desirable, it is amazing, it is
annoying, it is ridiculous, it is absurd, it is required, it is surprising, it is requested, it is
arranged, it is wonderful, it is impossible, it is possible, it is disappointing,,,
Ex. I will give you the book so that you should copy the text = Am sa-ti dau cartea ca sa copiezi textul
Sau: I shall give you the book so that you may copy the text = Am sa-ti dau cartea ca sa POTI copia textul
It is important that everybody may be present = este important ca toata lumea sa poata fi prezenta
- cuvintele: desire, idea, intention, proposal, wish, suggestion, request, agreement,
demand, arrangement, lest (ca sa nu), in case, for fear (de frica sa nu), it is (high) time (e
timpul sa), even though, however, whatever, as if, as though..
Ex. He put the bottle on the top shelf lest the boy may drink the barndy = El apus sticla pe raftul de sus ca
baiatul sa nu poata bea coniacul
However hard it may be, you must do it = Oricat de greu ar putea fi, trebuie sa o faci
Whatever he might have done, we must help him = Orice ar fi putut face, trebuie sa-l ajutam
c) Would - isi pastreaza de cele mai multe ori nuanta de verb modal (A VOI), sau arata ca ceva AR URMA
SA SE FACA IN VIITOR.
- este folosit in constructiile WOULD RATHER, WOULD BETTER, WOULD SOONER urmate de
Verb si are sensul de A PREFERA, AR FI BINE SA, exprimand preferinta personala a vorbitorului.
Ex. I wish you would forget it = As vrea sa uiti asta
He wishes I would give up smoking = Ar dori sa renunt la fumat
I would rather read than watch TV = Mai degraba as citi decat sa ma uit la TV
Tom would rather have put on his blue-jeans but his mother advised him not = Tom si-ar fi pus mai
degraba blugii dar mama lui l-a sfatuit sa nu o faca
Wouldnt be better stay at home than go out? = Na-r fi mai bines a stai acasa decat sa pleci?
d) Could - in construirea subconjunctivului analitic isi pastreaza sensu le verb modal (A PUTEA)
- este folosit in general dupa: suppose, imagine, as thought (ca si cand, ca si cum), to wish,
so that
Ex. Suppose we could be free tomorrow, what would you like to do = Presupunand ca am fi liberi maine,
ce-ai vrea sa faci
If he could sing he would try to become an opera singer = Daca ar putea sa cante ar incerca sa devina
I wish I could have come sooner = As dori sa fi putut veni mai devreme
NOTA: had better / best / rather
Constructii idiomatice: had better, had best, had rather, verbul had este la subconjunctiv si se traduce prin: AI /
AR FACE MAI BINE SA, AR FI MAI BINE SA si se indica un sfat, un avertisment.
Ex. You look ill, so you had better stay in bed = tu arati bolnav, ar fi face mai bines a stai in pat
He had better not go out tonight, it is too dangerous = El ar face mai bines a nu iasa afara,,,,
You had better go to the Police = .
BETTER = BINE
RATHER = CURAND
FORMA VB+ING
1) Participiul = forma ing are rol de complement si atribut
- The Present Participle - activ
Ex.
Coming = venind
Writing = scriind
Being unable to rise, the girl burst into tears = Nefiind in stare sa se ridice fata a izbucnit ..
He sat by the fireplace, reading = sedea langa camin, citind
The rain falling day and night ceased = Ploaia care cazuse ziua si noaptea inceta
- The Present Participle - pasiv
Ex.
Being beaten = fiind batut
Being sent = fiind trimis
The variety now being cultivated. = Varietatea care se cultiva acum..
Being written to hastily = fiind sris in graba.
Having lived in our country 2 years, he spoke = Intrucat locuise in tara noastra 2 ani, vorbea..
- The Past Participle -activ
Ex.
Having lived in our country 2 years, he spoke = Intrucat locuise in tara noastra 2 ani, vorbea..
- The Past Participle - pasiv
Ex.
Having been read = fiind citit, deoarece a fost citit
Having been reprimanded = fiind certat, deoarece fusese certat
2) Substantiv verbal nu au plural, sunt articulate sau nu, pot fi urmate de prepozitia OF
Ex.
Coming = venire, sosire

Writing = scriere, actiunea de a scrie
Seeing (subiect) is belivieng (nume predicative) = A vedea inseamna a cred
3) Gerundiv constructie specifica limbii engleze, caracterizata de natura dubla de forma verbala si
Ex.
substantivala
Did you hear of his going there = ai auzit de plecarea lui acolo (ca pleca)
He insisted on her coming immediately = El insista (ca ea) sa vina imadiat
Adjectiv verbal
Ex.
A running boy = un baiat care alearga
An encouraging proposal = o propunere incurajatoare
Singing bird = Pasare cantatoare
Forma vb+ed
Ex.
A broken cup =o ceasca Sparta
The sentence underlined = propozitia subliniata
Imported goods = bunuri importate
VERBELE MODALE
-
Nu au forma de infinitiv, deci nu se foloseste in fata lor TO

Nu au terminatia s la pers.III singular, present simplu
Nu primesc terminatia ing
Formele interrogative si negative se construiesc fara vb to do
Vb care urmeaza dupa un vb modal se pune la infinitiv scurt (fara particular to)
Nu au toate timpurile si de aceea sint inlocuite de constructii sinonime.
Present
Past tense / Conditional
Echivalent
Inteles
Can
Must
May
Could
-- -Might
A putea
A trebuie
A putea, a avea voie
Shall
Will
Ought to
Need
Dare
Have
Do
Be
Should
Would
-- -Needed
Dared
Had
Done
Been
To be able to
To have to
To be allowed to
To be permitted to
To be possible to
-- --- --- --- --- --
A se putea
A trebuie
A vrea
A trebui, a se cuveni sa
A fi nevoie
A indrazni
A trebuie
Subliniaza necesitatea actiunii
A urma sa, a trebui sa
1) CAN COULD = a putea, a fi in stare sa, a sti

Exprima posibilitatea fizica de a face o actiune, pentru cere permisiunea (exprima politetea)
EX.
We can finish our work = putem termina treba noatra
Could I smoke a cigarette = pot sa (imi permiteti) sa fumez o tigara
CAN este forma de present la toate persoanele si poate fi intrebuintat cu sens de viitor
Ex.
Can she speak English
She cant be here already.
Could este forma pentru trecut (Past Tense) si pt formarea modului conditional si a Future in the Past ca si a
subconjuctivului.
Ex.
He could solve the problem = ar fi putut sa resolve problema
When he was a child he could swim = cand era copil putea sa inoate (Past Tense)
He could have been a doctor = ar fi putut sa fie doctor (Past Tense)
They could help us if they wanted to = Ne-ar fi ajutat daca ar fi vrut (Conditional)
John told us that he could come on Monday = John ne-a spus ca ar putea veni Luni (Future in the
Past)
I wish he could come = Imi doersc sa poata veni (Subconjunctiv)
To able to inlocuitor pt Can - Could = VIITOR
Ex.
She can (is able to) understand this as she knows a lot of.. = ea poate inetelege atat timp cat stie
He has never been able to do right things in life = ea nu a putut face ceea ce trebuie in viata
I think you could (are able to) solve those problem = cred ca poti rezolva aceste probleme
2) Must - ---- = a trebui
Are o singura forma la present si uneori la tracut si viitor atunci cand contextul este ff clar.
- Exprima TREBUIE cu sensul de obligatie sau de posibilitate certa.
Ex.
They must leave the house = ei trebuie sa paraseasca casa
You must Stop = trebuie sa te opresti, oprete-te
- Se mai foloseste in propozitiile negative si are sens de interdictie
Ex. May I go to the seaside. No, you mustnt , you havent recovered yet = Pot sa ma duc pe plaja. NU nu
poti, tu nu te-ia refacut inca.
- Raspunsul la o interbare ce contine MUST poate fi formulata tot cu MUST cand se arata o impunere, sau cu
vb NEEDNT cand se exprima ideea ca acel lucru nu este necesar.
Ex.
Must I write the whole exercises = trebuie sa scriu toate exercitiile?
Yes, you must, as you cant spell correctly = da, trebuie, deorece nu scrii corect
No, you neednt , one or two sentences will do = nu trebuie, unul sau doua vor fi OK
To have to inlocuieste pe MUST atunci cand sensul de necessitate sau obligatie este mai putin intens.
Ex.
You dont have to cross the street = Nu e nevoie, nu e necesar sa traversezi strada
3) May Might = a putea, a avea voie, a se putea, a fi posibil
MAY - Exprima posibilitatea si o presupunere sugerand ideea de nesiguranta.
Ex.
You may go in now, the lesson is over = Poti merge inauntru, lectia s-a terminat.
May I use your pen? = Pot folosi stiloul tau
It may happen = s-ar putea sa se intample
MIGHT Exprima probabiltaea scazuta de a se intampla ceva, putin probabil
Ex.
It might happen = este f putin probabilsa sa intample
She mght be a sleep = s-ar putea sa doarma, dar nu cred
He might have had an accident = Ar fi putut avea un accident (dar nu l-a avut)
To be allowed to, to be permitted to = cand se acorda permisiunea
Ex.
You may go in now, the lesson is over = Poti merge inauntru, lectia s-a terminat
You are allowed to .
To be possible to = cand exista posibilitatea
Ex.
It may rain today = S-ar pute sa ploua azi
It is possible to .
Dont go in it may be sleep = Nu intra s-ar putea sa doarma
Dont go in it is possible to.
4) SHALL SHOULD = a trebui

Se foloseste la viitor, in interogatii in care se ofera ajutorul, cand se doreste accentuarea actiunii si ea necesita
resurse.
Ex.
Shall be go = merge
Shall I help you = sa te ajut, te ajut
You shall die = pt mine este fff importat ca tu sa fii mort
You should go = tu trebuie sa pleci
He should study more = ar fi putut sa invete mai mult
He should have studied more = ar fi putut sa fi invat mai mult
5) WILL WOULD = a vrea, a voi, a dori, a-I placea
Se foloseste la viitor, in interogatii in care se doreste accentuarea nuantei de vointa a actiunii (volitie)
Ex.
I will go = eu voi merge
I will go now = voi merge / sa merg acum / as vrea sa merg
That will do = Ajunge
Accidents will happen = Se intampla, n-ai ce face
Will Present
Would Past
Nota: used to = arata ca o actiune s-a facut in mod frecvent sau o stare a existat in modobisnuit in trecut, dar
acum s-a incheiat
Ex.
He used to work here = A muncit aici (acum nu)
He used to have a dog = Avea un caine (acum nu mai are)
6) OUGHT TO = ar trebui, s-ar cuveni, ar fi cazul sa

Exprima o obligatie morala dar si o concluzie logica insa nu certa.
Ex.
He ought he visit his grandmother more often = S-ar cuveni sa-si viziteze bunica mai des
They ought to have arrived by now = Era cazul sa fi venit deja
7) Need - Needed = a fi nevoie, a trebui,
Se foloseste in propozitii interrogative, negative. In general este raspuns la o intrebare.
Ex.
He need no fear = Nu e cazul sa-I fie frica
Need you go now = E nevoie sa pleci?
You neednt hardly tell me how clever she is = Nici macar nu e nevoie sa-mi spui cat e de
desteapta
8) Dare Dared = a indrazni, a avea curajul, a se incumeta

Se foloseste in propozitii interrogative, negative si mai rar affirmative. In general este raspuns la o intrebare.
Ex.
How dare you = cum indraznesti?
Dare you tell me such lie = indraznestio sa-mi spui mie o asemenea minciuna
She darent open the door = Nu s-a incumetat sa deschida usa
You darent tell him , dare you = N-o sa indraznesti sa-I spui , nu-i asa
9) To be going to se foloseste la viitor pt o actiune pe care am planuit sa o fac
Ex.
Eu voiam sa intreb, eram pe punctul = I was going to ask
To be to se foloseste la viitor pt un ordin care obliga sa se efectueze actiunea
Ex.
You are to go to the authorities =
To be on the point of + vb-ing se foloseste la viitor pt o actiune care e pe punctual de se intampla
Ex.
I am on the point of crying = sunt pe punctual de a plnage
ORDINEA CUVINTELOR IN PROPOZITIE

1) Nu exista propozitie fara subiect
2) Partile de propozitie strans legate prin inteles nu trebuie despartite
Ex. Mt only beautiful sister bought a cake
3) Accentuarea unui cuvant se face prin asezarea lui pe primul loc
Cuvant + auxiliar (modal) + subiect + Vb + .
Ex. Never did he say something like that = Niciodata nu a spus
4) Alta modalitate de accentuare este folosirea urmatoarei constructii:
It is / was + subiect + who / that + ..
NOTA: IT / THERE au rol de subiect formal deoarece subiectul logic este asezat dupa Vb
Ex. It is Mary who helped me = Mary este cea care m-a ajutat
It was London that he liked best = Londra a fost cea care mi=a placut cel mai mult.
There comes a day when you begin to feel old
5) Ordinea in propozitia enuntiativa este urmatoarea:
Complement circumstantial de timp definit + grupul subiectului + grupul predicatului
COMPLEMENT CIRCUMSTANTIAL DE TIMP:
- yesterday, last year, next week
- este asezat numai LA INCEPUT SAU SFARSITUL PROPOZITIEI.
GRUPUL SUBIECTULUI : este format din substantiv + determinanti substantivali
DETERMINANTII SUBSTANTIVALI :
- articol, adjectiv, numeral, sau alt substantiv cu rol de atribut = asezati in fata SUBSTANTIV
- cand substantivul este insotit de mai multe adjective atunci adjectivul cel mai legat ca inteles de
Substantiv este asezat IMEDIAT IN FATA acestuia. Intre aceste adjective nu se pune VIRGULA.
Ex. Mary has short brown curly nice hair. = Mary are parul scurt, castaniu, buclat si frumos
GRUPUL PREDICATULUI: este format din Vb propriu-zis insotit de auxiliarele necesare si de complement
direct, indirect, prepozitional, circumstantial
6) Articolul NEHOTARAT = a, an
Se mai pune dupa: many, rather, quite, such, what, without, as urmat de substantiv
Ex.
7) Pronumele reflexiv se pune dupa verb
Ex. They washed themselves before breakfast
8) Pronumele de intarire se pune imediat dupa cuvantul pe care il intareste
Ex. John himself repaire dit / he was helped by the teacher himself
ZILELE SAPTAMANII:
Luni
Marti
Miercuri
Joi
Vineri
Sambata
Duminica
= Monday
= Tuesday
= Wednesday
= Thursday
= Friday
= Saturday
= Sunday
Ora exacta:
Quarter to five = 5 fara un sfert

15 minutes (Quarter) past Five = 5 si 15 minute

Timpurile Verbelor

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TIMPURILE VERBELOR

Timpul prezent = Este acea actiune care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii

- adevaruri general valabile sau legi ale naturii

2) Present tense continuos - forma:

- Exprima actiuni/stari repetate frecvent care enerveaza / deranjeaza:

3) Present perfect (simple) - forma: - have/has + vb.forma3 / vb+ed

- exprima o actiune inceputa in trecut nedefinita in timp si care se continua si in present

4) Present perfect continuos forma: have/has +been+vb.forma1+ing

5) Past tense (simple) - forma :

-vb. reg.-vb. Forma1+ed

(!! vb nu mai are fara ED)

6) Past tense continuous

7) Past perfect simple - forma : had+vb forma3

8) Past perfect continuous - forma: had+been+vb+ing

9) Future Simple -forma: I, we

se traduce cu: eu voi fuma - viitor anterior

I will ask = eu voi (neaparat, te asigur)

NOTA: Will se foloseste numai la exprimarea viitorului care se intampla SIGUR

10) Future Continuous

- exprima o actiune/stari in desfasurare intr-un moment din viitor

Tomorrow I shall be working = Maine voi lucra.

11) Future Perfect Simple

12) Future Perfect Continuous

- exprima o conditie sau o actiune dorita

exprima ideea unei actiuni/stari viitoare fata de un moment in trecut

15) Conditional Past Simple

-should + have + vb-forma 3

16. Sunconjunctiv vechi

17. Subconjunctiv prezent

have +Vb-ed / a III a forma

a) shall / should se folosesc la toate persoanele in propozitii care urmeaza dupa:

- NOTA: constructia: for+ vb infintiv lung poate fi inlocuita cu subconjunctiv

Coming = venire, sosire

Nu au forma de infinitiv, deci nu se foloseste in fata lor TO

Past tense / Conditional

1) CAN COULD = a putea, a fi in stare sa, a sti

4) SHALL SHOULD = a trebui

6) OUGHT TO = ar trebui, s-ar cuveni, ar fi cazul sa

8) Dare Dared = a indrazni, a avea curajul, a se incumeta

ORDINEA CUVINTELOR IN PROPOZITIE

Quarter to five = 5 fara un sfert

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