BENAIAD Abdellah Overview Used Tools Technical Procedure Flow Chart Exemples SDCCH SDCCH Drop Rate Assignment on SDCCH Overview This chapter is designed to provide an overview of root cause analysis for SDCCH drop rate KPI. It addresses the SDCCH drop rate analysis, investigation procedures and troubleshooting techniques to degrade the effect of this issue. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Introduction Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview SDCCH is a bidirectional logical channel used in different ways:
-Registration: periodic location update, IMSI attach/detach. -Call setup: immediate assignment. -SMS to/from MS in dedicated mode. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Introduction SDCCH Drop Rate Assignment on SDCCH SDCCH Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview Request and allocation of SDCCH: 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Introduction SDCCH SDCCH Drop Rate Assignment on SDCCH Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Ch Activation Acknowledge Immediate assignment command Immediate assignment Channel required RACH PCH Channel request Paging request Paging command 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate BSC BTS MS MS C Paging Channel Activation Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview SDCCH Drop Rate is a KPI which largely decides the subscriber service quality , the existing KPI formula is listed below: (C10602+C10604+C10605+C10646+C10653+C10601+C10603+C10606)*100 (C11644+C11646)
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the number of call drops due to contact loss between RMM and Service Management Module (SMM) on SDCCH.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH SDCCH Drop Rate C10603 C10604 C10605 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
C10601 Overview It represents the number of call drops due to radio link failure on SDCCH.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10603 C10604 C10605 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10602 SDCCH Drop Rate C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the number of call drops due to LAPD link failure on SDCCH.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10604 C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10603 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the number of call drops due to SDCCH forced release. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10604 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the number of call drops due to force release from high priority calls on SDCCH. BSC receives force release message from BTS for high priority calls and counter increments. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10605 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the number of call drops on SDCCH due to other causes. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10646 C10653 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10606 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the total number of call drops due to handover failure on SDCCH, this counter is not allowed. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10606 C10653 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10646 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview It represents the total number of SDCCH call drops (short message). 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10606 C10646 C11644 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH C10653 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11646 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH Overview C11644 SDCCH Drop Rate Number of successful SDCCH assignments. Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Overview Number of successful SDCCH handovers. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate C10601 C10603 C10604 C10605 C10606 C10646 C10653 C11644 C10602 Introduction SDCCH Assignment on SDCCH Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples C11646 Technical procedure
SDCCH Drop Rate 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Used Tools which can be used for accessing different performance statistics, creating queries, setting up reports, creating variables and using the Business Objects functions to analyze the data in the reports.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate MCOM 4.2 ZXG10 OMCR TEMS Investigation Business Objects 6.5 Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Used Tools This tool is used to know the type of interference (Co- channel interference or adjacent interference) between cells; and the value of tilt, azimuth and height of the cell.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Business Objects 6.5 ZXG10 OMCR TEMS Investigation MCOM 4.2 Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Used Tools which can be used to provide access to all the available support activities for Operations and Maintenance in the radio and core networks, besides, the accessibility to Configuration Management, Fault management and Performance management
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Business Objects 6.5 MCOM 4.2 TEMS Investigation ZXG10 OMCR Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Used Tools Ericssons tool which is used to analyze drive tests on the downlink level. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Business Objects 6.5 MCOM 4.2 ZXG10 OMCR TEMS Investigation Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Technical Procedure The following are main causes for SDCCH drop rate:
SDCCH Drops Due connection loss RMM SMM. SDCCH Drops Due Radio Failure. SDCCH Drops Due LAPD Failure. SDCCH Drops Due OMC Forced release SDCCH Drops Due Preemption. SDCCH Drops Due Others . SDCCH Drops Due Handover Failure. SDCCH Drops SMS (according to the formula of SDCCH Drop Rate). 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate SDCCH Drop Reasons troubleshooting SDCCH Drop causes Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical Procedure
Technical Procedure The following are main causes for SDCCH drop rate:
SDCCH Drops Due connection loss RMM SMM. SDCCH Drops Due Radio Failure. SDCCH Drops Due LAPD Failure. SDCCH Drops Due OMC Forced release . SDCCH Drops Due Preemption . SDCCH Drops Due Others . SDCCH Drops Due Handover Failure. SDCCH Drops SMS. 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate troubleshooting SDCCH Drop causes Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples SDCCH Drop Reasons Technical Procedure
Technical Procedure
The following are reasons of Radio SDCCH drop: 1. There exists weak coverage area, and radio signal is weak too. 2There exists interference, such as intra-network interference due to unreasonable frequency planning, and other external interference, etc. 3Unreasonable radio parameter setting 4Equipment hardware fault, such as low output power of the power amplifier, large difference among different carrier transmission power, carrier transmitter fault, combiner fault, etc.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate troubleshooting LAPD SDDCH Drop SDCCH Drop types Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples RADIO link loss Technical Procedure
SDCCH Drop Reasons Technical Procedure
5Antenna feeder system fault. For example, VSWR of antenna feeder is big; antenna is too high or lower inclination is unreasonable, which causes too big the coverage range or cross-cell coverage, and forms the remote isolated island effect; etc.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate troubleshooting LAPD SDDCH Drop SDCCH Drop types Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples RADIO link loss SDCCH Drop Reasons Technical Procedure
Technical Procedure The following are reasons of LAPD SDCCH drop:
1Site transmission problems, such as transmission interruption or unstable transmission . 2Site hardware fault, such as unreliable E1 cable, CMM fault, etc. 3BSC hardware fault.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate troubleshooting RADIO link loss LAPD SDDCH Drop SDCCH Drop types SDCCH Drop Reasons Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical Procedure
Technical Procedure SDCCH Drop rate analysis troubleshooting procedure:
1. SDCCH availability. 2. SDCCH Drop causes. 3. Basic NMS to know which TRX might be faulty. 4. Alarms. 5. BTS measurement and cell measurement. 6. Data base parameter. 7. Drive testing and site audit.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate SDCCH Drop Reasons troubleshooting SDCCH Drop types Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical Procedure
Flow Chart It is advised to locate the problem by checking radio parameters together with hardware troubleshooting. The flow of handling SDCCH drop is shown below: 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Is there HW problem (cell/TRX/TS )? Open TT to BSS team Check SDCCH availability SDCCH Drop Rate high certain cell Start yes yes No Reset cell Is there LAPD problem? Open TT to BSS team yes yes No No * ** RF problems Whether radio parameter are set reasonably Whether interference exist Is there LAPD problem? * Open TT to BSS team yes No Modify unreasonable parameters yes No yes No Trouble shoot interference ** *** Whether fault exist in coverage Trouble shoot coverage yes No Whether fault exist in equipment HW Whether fault exist in antenna feeder system Troubleshoot equipment fault yes No Trouble shoot antenna feeder fault yes No *** Whether the SDCCH Drop Rate persist restart the investigation yes No END Exemples 22685A: by checking data base stat, we notice a high SDCCH Drop Rate on the site. Problem Description: using ZXG10 OMCR tool, the problem is a PA power alarm (hardware problem). Action Taken: open TT to BSS team to solve the PA power alarm.
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Used Tool Overview Radio Problem LAPD Problem Flow Chart Examples Hardwar Problem Technical procedure
Exemples 03102A: Problem Description: Co-channel interference on the BCCH of 03102A Action Taken: Changing the BCCH frequency from:108-->89 22685A: Problem Description: 22685A of BSCSBA2 (BSC04) is having PA Output Power alarm on TRX1 Action Taken: Replacing the faulty TRX
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate LAPD Problem Hardwar Problem Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Radio Problem Exemples 03663A: Problem Description: Transmission disconnection problem on the A-bis interface Action Taken: Fixing the TXM problem
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate Radio Problem LAPD Problem Hardwar Problem Used Tool Overview Flow Chart Examples Technical procedure
Reference [10] sjzl20062303-ZXG10-BSS (V2.97) Operation Manual (Radio Parameters) GBO_014_E1_0 Special Topic of Radio Network Optimization-82 GBC_004_E1_0 Radio parameters -50 ZTE Statistics
15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate References list 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate 15/10/2014 SDCCH Drop Rate DRT/EDRT The DRT/EDRT fulfills conversion between voice codes at the GSM radio interface and the PSTN A-law PCM voice codes in the BSC, and implements rate adaptation (including data services rate adaptation) between them. DRT: Dual-rate transcoder, realizing the transcoding service processing. It can process 126 FRs or 32 EFRs at most. EDRT (C62): Enhanced dual-rate transcoder, an enhanced version of the DRT board. It can process 126 FRs or 126 EFRs at most. EDRT (C64): Enhanced dual-rate transcoder, an enhanced version of the DRT board. It can process 126 FRs, 126 EFRs or 126 HRs at most. Functions and Principles The board has the following functions. Performs the transcoding and rate adaptation function: It converts the 260-bit vocoder block into one hundred and sixty 8-bit A-law PCM sample signals, and vice versa. Performs framing and vocoder block synchronization, detect voice activation, regulate the block phase in the downlink direction to minimize delay, send alarms to BSC by passing through BTS through in-band signaling, processes data blocks in compliance with the protocol standard rate adaptation and re-assorting them following the A interface requirements. Provide physical-layer functions of the digital trunk interface. Separates signals, SS7 links pass transparently, and the service channels pass through the DSP for processing. Has the HDLC channels communicating directly with the, facilitating O & M Center. Fig 3.18-1 shows the DRT/EDRT board organizational diagram. DRT uses eight DSPs, EDRT (C62) uses six, and EDRT (C64) uses two. In the given figure, n = 8, 6, 2 respectively. The DRT/EDRT comprises the DSP, CPU, and switching circuits. The DSP is responsible for mass calculations, implementing the conversion between radio service channels and ground service channels. It is the core of the DRT/EDRT board. Fig 3.18-1 DRT/EDRT Board Organizational Diagram HDLC CPU HPI DSPn DSP4 DSP3 DSP2 DSP 1 A Abis . . . . . . S w i t c h i n g c i r c u i t DRT/EDRT Board Fault Fault Symptom DSP is faulty or communication with the corresponding TCPP is disconnected. Fault Cause Analysis Communication between TCPP and DRT/EDRT is faulty. Hardware of the TCPP board is faulty. DSP on the DRT/EDRT board is faulty. Troubleshooting Perform the following steps to troubleshoot the fault: 1. Check whether the corresponding TCPP board is faulty. If it is faulty, troubleshoot the TCPP board fault first. 2. If the DSP is faulty, then go to step 6. 3. Check whether there is any clock loss alarm from this board. If there is, then reset and unplug/plug the relevant board. 4. Check whether the backplane connection cable is loose or modified. 5. Check whether the foreground and background data are consistent and whether relevant data are configured. 6. Download the DRT and EDRT versions again and reset the board. 7. Replace the DRT/EDRT board. If the fault still remains, plug the board to another slot. Precautions Be sure to wear an antistatic wrist strap when touching a board or component.
Appendix Radio parameters setting Cells minimum access level: which causes SDCCH drop in weak coverage area. Unreasonable BSIC setting Unreasonable power control setting, such as unreasonable level, quality power control threshold, which will cause MS to reduce power even in the case of weak signal and poor call quality. () Unreasonable FH parameter setting: parameter setting Unreasonable MAIO configuration will cause co-channel interference and adjacent-channel interference within one site. Incomplete adjacent-cell data definition or configuration error Congestion exists in adjacent cell