NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

J une 02
Arnaud PIAZZA

UMTS
UTRAN Optimisation Process
Internal Use Only
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Agenda
Introduction
Pre-launch Optimisation process
Monitoring&Optimisation process
Costs
Impacts
Tools

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Optimisation aims at improving the network performance
and/or capacity.
To improve the system initial performance
To reach acceptance criteria (=>payment)
To enhance the subscriber satisfaction
To increase the number of subscribers
To decrease CAPEX
Methods may differ for :
Pre-launch optimisation (performed for acceptance, trials)
Post-launch monitoring and optimisation (performed for in-service
networks)
Non loaded networks optimisation (for first product releases)
Loaded networks (normally from product release 4)
Introduction
Why optimising a network?
Pre-launch phases
Post-launch phases
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Introduction
Optimisation phases
T
r
i
a
l

V
O

Network
Launch
Pre-launch Optimisation Post-launch Optimisation
No network load (traffic limited)
Cluster optimisation based mainly on
drive tests data
High optimisation gains
Significant network load (increasing)
Optimisation based mainly on statistical
data (counters, Call Trace)
Optimisation gain is less (but baseline
performance are higher).
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Introduction
Optimisation in GSM and in UMTS
GSM Optimisation

Recommended parameter settings
Repetitive drive-test campaigns (up
to 5) for Pre-launch optimisation
Network
Launch
UMTS Optimisation

Recommended parameter settings
Single drive-test campaign for Pre-
launch optimisation

High
Traffic
System Parameters optimisation
mainly
RF&System Parameters optimisation
ND optimisation
New features implementation
Densification
RF Parameters Optimisation
ND optimisation
New features implementation
Densification
Services-Based optimisation
RF parameters optimisation mainly
ATM parameters optimisation
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Pre-launch optimisation process
Steps description
Configuration Audit
System parameters check (Engg rules, consistencies,)
Recommended values setting
Shakedown
Network integrity verification
H/W trouble shooting
Cluster Optimisation
Parameters optimisation
neighbouring relationships optimisation
Network Optimisation
Optimisation spreading to all clusters
Network fine tuning
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Pre-launch optimisation process
Configuration Audit
Objective
The objective of the configuration audit is to ensure proper system
configuration and functioning in the integrated system.

Checking
System parameters
Database information consistency
Parameters coherence with Engg rules and recommandations
RF parameters
Spectrum Clearance (Noise floor measurements)
RF Design Information
Cell Database and Datafill (coordinates, # of antennas, antenna type, antenna tilt, )
Transmission parameters
Datafill consistency between two linked networks elements

Method
Database information collection and checks
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Objective
The objective of the cell shakedown is to ensure proper cell site operation in
the integrated system. Proper operation is verified through drive tests around
the site and evaluation of antenna orientation, cable interconnecting and
correct code assignments.

Checking
network access,call setup
RRM algorithm settings
handoffs between cells
antenna orientation
Carrier&code allocation
power levels
Reception path
Method
Drive tests at approximately 30 percent of the expected cell coverage area
Unloaded conditions

Pre-launch optimisation process
Cell Shakedown
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Objective
The objective of cluster optimisation is to perform RF design verification,
identify and categorize network or coverage problems, optimize for best
performances according to the acceptance criteria and serve as a first
pass of problem resolution.

Analysis and Problem Resolution
Neighbor list optimization
Coverage problems (can include holes, failures due to multiple or
rapidly rising pilots)
Network timer checking and tuning.
Handoff parameters checking and tuning
Method and requirements
Drive tests over the cluster
RF&Configuration audit and shakedown must be completed

Pre-launch optimisation process
Cluster optimisation
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Objective
The objective of system optimization (or control route analysis) is to
optimize the sum of all clusters covering an entire region.

Method
The system performance optimization starts with two optimized clusters
and ends with all the clusters in the region.
Due to the cross-effects between clusters, handoff parameters, neighbor
list contents and neighbor prioritization might need changes at borders
between clusters.

Final deliverables
- Performance Result Report
- Performance Measurement Report
- Test Environment Report
- Issue list
Pre-launch optimisation process
Network optimisation
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Pre-launch optimisation process
Optimisation timing
Configuration Audit
Cell Shakedown
Cluster Optimisation
Performance data collection
Reporting
Week N+1 Week N+2 Week N+3
Depends on the number of sites
Week N-1 Week N-2 Week N
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Steps description

Different process according to the level of services :

Level 3 : Advanced services
Network optimisation
Growth planning
End-user services planning


Level 2 : Performance engineering services
Network monitoring
Network fine tuning




Level 1 : Operational support services
Emergency technical assistance service
Network expansion
First line operations
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Optimisation
Network performance improvment
NEs detailed performance&capacity analysis
Monitoring&Optimisation process
Steps description
Monitoring
Network audit
Performance fine tuning
Issues trouble shooting
Parameters audit Mobility Analysis Capacity Analysis
Voice quality Analysis
RF Analysis
Data quality Analysis
Quality Analysis
End user services planning Parameters optimisation
Code planning Load balancing
RF Optimisation Growth planning
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Monitoring (1/4)
Quality / Capacity Analysis
Objective :
measure and report on the Quality of Service / Capacity of the network or of
some network elements => provide a complete set of metrics representing the
perception of the users of the network.
trouble shoot/fine tune network performance.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data => computation of performance metrics.
Benefit :
settle performance issues and improve network quality/capacity,
reporting of the network behavior => those data are key inputs for optimisation
actions.
RF Analysis
Objective :
Evaluate the RF quality of the network or for some particular locations/NEs.
trouble shoot RF related issues.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data or drive tests data.
Benefit : settle local RF issues (pilot pollution, missing neighbours,).
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Monitoring (2/4)
Mobility Analysis
Objective : measure and report on the mobility profile of subscribers.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data.
Benefit :
Identification partitioning issues, fine tuning of network partitioning (RNC,
LAC, ...boundaries).
reporting of the subscribers behavior => subscriber profile is a key input for
network capacity dimensioning and traffic growth forecast.
Parameters Audit
Objective :
Check the parameters setting consistency,
Check setting coherence with Engg rules/recommendations.
Method : Use of MIB extracts.
Benefit :
Identification and trouble shooting of network issues,
System parameters setting cleaning .
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Monitoring (3/4)
Data Quality Analysis
Objective :
measure and report on the data services quality (troughput mainly) => provide
a complete set of metrics representing the perception of the users of the
network.
trouble shoot or fine tune.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data => computation of performance metrics.
Benefit : Solve data quality (throughput,) issues,

Voice Quality Analysis
Objective :
measure and report on the voice quality on the network => provide a complete
set of metrics representing the perception of the users of the network.
trouble shoot or fine tune.
Method : Use of VQ drive tests data.
Benefit : Identification and trouble shooting of voice quality issues.
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Monitoring (4/4)
Transmission Analysis
Objective :
measure and report on the transmission quality (congestion, buffers size,...)
=> apply to the ATM transmission network, E1,...
trouble shoot or fine tune.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data => computation of performance metrics.
Benefit : Solve quality and reliability issues,

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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Optimisation (1/4)
RF Optimisation
Objective :
Reach the optimal configuration of each cell site in the wireless network
(height, tilt, EIRP, orientation, antenna type, etc.)
Maximizes RF QoS (coverage improvement, interference reduction,
neighbouring list optimisation) and capacity of the network.
Method : Use of Call trace data and drive test.
Benefit : Better RF quality and capacity.

Parameters Optimisation
Objective :
Set system parameters in order to reach optimal network performance.
Adapt TCP and RLC parameters to optimise data connection performances.
Method : Use of Call trace, protocol analyzer and drive test data.
Benefit : Better system performance.
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Optimisation (2/4)
End User Services Planning
Objective : Evaluate the impact of new service introduction on the quality and
capacity of the network.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data to compute previsions.
Benefit :
Necessary to plan system optimisation and/or network design actions.
Give the customer a clear view of new service impact and help planning
precisely for future growth.

Growth Planning
Objective :
Forecast network growth,
Determine network capacity limits and bottlenecks.
Method : Use of Counter/Call trace data to compute traffic, load forecasts.
Benefit : minimize the future infrastructure needs of the operator through
precision engineering and use of just-in-time concepts.
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Optimisation (3/4)
Load Balancing
Objective : Balance the load between different network elements (may be MSCs,
RNCs, ...) or between NEs ressources (RNC cards,...).
Method : Use of call trace, counters and drive tests data to optimise the network
partitionning (LACs, number of cells per RNC,...)
Benefit : Improve load distribution over the different NEs or over the different
NEs ressources.

Code Planning
Objective : find an optimal scrambling code plan taking into consideration (actual
cell sites positions, inteferences, jammers, etc ...) and the real time data (radio
measurements, counters, etc ...).
Method : Use of call trace, counters and drive tests data.
Benefit :
Improve call quality,
Improve capacity.
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Monitoring &Optimisation process
Optimisation (4/4)
Transmission Optimisation
Objective :
Reach the optimal configuration and settings to maximize the transmission
network reliability, performance and capacity.
Method : Use of counters, Call trace and protocol analyser data.
Benefit : Better UTRAN performance in terms of both quality and capacity.

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Costs
Pre-Launch team
The Regional RF Manager control the Pre-launch Optimisation operations
for the region.
The Drive-Test team is composed by one Operator (technician) and one
Driver (local people) and is managed by the RF Optimisation Engineer.
The Operator runs data collection, controls drive test equipment and is in
charge of downloading and post-processing the resulting data.
The RF Optimisation engineer analyses data from each drive tests and make
change recommendations. He usually manages 2 drive-test teams:
briefing/debriefing, advice for issue solving, eventual real-time analysis with the
drive test team on-site.
Additional ressources should be available for :
call trace operator at the switch (one OMC technician).
datafill changes and configuration audit (one OMC technician).
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
RF Optim Engineer
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
RF Optim Engineer
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
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Lets assume a network made up of 1000 sites, to be optimised in 3 months
This campaign requires about 11 drive test teams with the related RF
engineers and RF managers teams.
Considering drive test tasks are outsourced to managed services, the
costs related to ressources would be approximately US$ 1.2M
Tool sets for all teams would cost approximately US$ 300K

Total costs would be ~ US$ 1.5M

Costs
Pre-Launch operations
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
Regional
RF Manager
RF Optim Engineer
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
RF Optim Engineer
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
Drive test team:
- technician
- driver
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Efficient optimisation process leads to good system performance and
therefore customer satisfaction
good opportunity for potential extension,
good opportunity for other networks implementation.
For Turn-key networks, optimisation helps reaching the predicted
design => no need to offer additional equipments to reach targets.
Lack of optimisation and/or unefficient optimisation leads to poor
system performance and
risk of delayed or failed network acceptance. Penalties example :
Xfera: if network performance acceptance fail, US$ 200M.
mmO2: 10% withholding on equipment costs until network performances are met.
Oniway: no payment before fully accepted network.

Impacts
Impact of optimisation
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Impacts
Impact of optimisation feature shortage
2002
(early
deploy)
2003+
(capacity/
expansion)
Counters/Call Trace
- lack of traffic volume counters (inhibits capacity assessment, expansion planning, call model feedback) Med High
- lack of well defined call drop counter Low High
- lack of fine granularity per-call power trace (inhibits RF capacity assessment, call drop troubleshooting) High Med
- lack of CTg (Call Trace "geographic") Med High
Configuration
- Datafill Audit: lack of single "1 row per cell, 1 column per parameter" view across all per-cell parameters. High Low
- many parameters require equipment restart to change values (inhibits quick changes for new settings) High High
Performance
- handoff link addition time too long (high FER, call drops) High High
- lack of event-based measurement reporting (periodic measurements further delay the handoff process) Med High
- lack of implementation of some of the performance enhancing "tricks" found on IS95 (power boosts, quick
repeat of certain key messages)
Med High
Other Misc Deployment related
- lack of OCNS in V2 (inhibits network acceptance procedures) High High

These will likely cause extended deployment
time (struggle to meet performance objectives).
Some of these have V3 FRSs associated so
comment is mainly aimed at V2.

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Acquisition tools
Call Trace
Trace Mobile (QCT)
Grayson
RF Analyzer
Radcom
IP sniffer
Post-processing
RFO
3GIDA
DIVA
Pre-launch Optimisation Network Monitoring&Optimisation
Network
Launch
Acceptance
Launch
Network Monitoring tools
Acquisition tools
OMC (Counters)
Call Trace
Post-processing
PrOptima
Acquisition tools
Call Trace
Trace mobiles
Grayson
RF Analyzer
Radcom
IP sniffer
Post-processing
RFO
3GIDA
DIVA
Trial & acceptance tools
Trouble-Shooting tools
Tools
Phasing
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Tools
Roadmap
Tool . . .
Week
19
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UTRAN releases
CN releases
TTM FCS CR
Mobiles QCT QCT QCT QCT QCT QCT
Grayson
Call Trace CTb CTb
RFO
ProOptima
CTa, CTb
v 2
v 2.0c v 2.0d
Motorola Motorola
Beta Version
Beta Version
v 2.0a v 2.0b
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(R&D tools are not displayed on this chart)
GSM
UMTS
RNC
RNC
BSC
ACCESS CORE
GSM
UMTS
PCUSN
Iub
ATM
Abis A
Gb
Agprs
Iur
Iu
IP
IP
N*64K
PSTN
Internet
Intranet
CS
PS
Radcom
IP sniffers
RFO
Trace MS
Grayson
PrOptima
Call Trace
A&S
Servers
3Gida
Access
counters
Core
counters
Utran functionality Acquisition tool Post-processing tool
RF
Analyzer
DIVA
Tools
Architecture
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UMTS Optimization tools Description (1/4)
Internal tool External tool Product Comments
Call Trace X Available in V2 => improvments in V3
Counters X Some available in V2 => new counters in V3
Trace mobile X
Qualcom and possibly Motorola,
Qualcom acquisition S/W is QXDM until replaced by CAIT
Drive test platform X Grayson
RF Analyzer X Grayson or Agilent
Protocol analyzer X Radcom
IP sniffer X Network Monitor, Ethereal, TCPtrace
E2E Data Packet X R&D tool
RFO X (X) Internal but might be external
PrOptima X External only (no license for internal use)
3GIDA X R&D tool
DIVA X R&D tool
Acquisition tools
Post-processing tools
UTRAN functionalities
R&D tool (no support for external use)
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UTRAN functionalities to collect network data are :
Counters : The system counts events and record them in registers called
counters. They enable the operator to observe and track the NE
performance and the offered Quality of Service. Counters are grouped in
functional areas: HO, Radio link Management, Mobility Management,
Session Management, Traffic
Call trace : Call Trace is a RNC feature that allows collecting detailed
information : protocol messages (on one or more mobiles, cells, or
interface), measurements, events,
This feature is available in V2 but will be strongly enhanced in V3.
Acquisition tools are used to collect data :
Trace Mobile (Qualcom) : It allows collecting protocol messages on the
mobile side but also measurements on the DL path (air interface). Qualcom
is currently used for field testing but other brands like Samsung or Motorola
are also used in labs.
Trace mobiles use a S/W for data acquisition. For first releases, Qualcom
proposes QXDM. It should be replaced by QCAIT.
UMTS Optimization tools Description (2/4)
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Drive test platform (Grayson) : It mainly allows collecting data from more
than one trace mobile simultaneously. Optionally, a scanner can be plugged
and its outputs merged with the trace mobiles ones.
Grayson solution is likely to be chosen by Engg.
RF Analyzer : It is a code domain analyzer that decodes scrambling and
spreading codes and in general all UMTS channels. It is mainly used to
estimate the RF quality of the network, but also for debugging purposes when
a problem occurs on radio interface.
Agilent E7476A is currently used but should be replaced by Grayson scanner.
Protocol analyzer (Radcom): It can be plugged on Iub, Iur,and Iu interfaces.
The Radcom that is currently used can monitor 2 interfaces in parallel.
IP Sniffer : It is a protocol analyzer plugged on the IP network to spy IP traffic.
E2E Voice Quality / Data Packet : This S/W creates traffic (voice or data) on
one End and collect it on the other End. It then provides statistics and metrics
on this E2E session.
UMTS Optimization tools Description (3/4)
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Post-processing software used are :
3Gida : This S/W is used to post-process traces provided by the
Radcom protocol analyzer.
It allows decoding all protocol messages exchanged on Iu, Iub and Iur
interfaces, but also computing metrics and statistics associated to UMTS
data transfers.
DIVA : This S/W processes data coming from the Agilent RF analyzer,
TENOR and E2E VQ/DP. It provides the user with RF statistics, voice
and data metrics,
RFO : This internal tool processes data from Call Trace and trace
mobiles. It the provides the user with call statistics and numbers of RF
analysis.
PrOptima : PrOptima uses counters and Call Trace data as inputs and
process them, providing the user with monitoring statistics

UMTS Optimization tools Description (4/4)
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