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1. Elif afak
2. Cultural ghettos
3. Womens issues
4. A Vindication of the Rights of Women
5. Mary Wollstonecraft
6. John Ruskin
7. Sesame and Lilies
8. Eliza Lynn Linton
9. The Girl of the Period
10. Simon De Beauvoir
11. The Second Sex
12. Ella DArcy
13. The Yellow Book
14. Virginia Woolf
15. Professions for Women
16. Sylvia Plath
17. Bell Jar
18. Eve Ensler
19. Vagina Monologues
20. Isabel Allende
Allamezade, Sahar. Women and Literature. Article written specifically for
Zannegaar Journal.
Sahar Allamezade is a PhD candidate in Comparative Literature at the
University of Maryland, with a focus on gender and sexuality, and Issue
#20's contributing scholar.


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Excerpts taken from The Awakening by Kate Chopin. First published by

Herbert S. Stone & Company in 1899.

Kate Chopin (1850-1904) was an American author. Considered today as one

of the most prominent feminist writers of the twentieth century, Chopins
short stories and novels documented her surroundings and commonly
described the major events of her lifetime, including the abolitionist
movements and the emergence of feminism. These excerpts were taken
from Chopins novel, The Awakening, originally titled A Solitary Soul, first
published in 1899 by Herbert S. Stone & Company.


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?Excerpt taken from Does Marriage Hinder A Womans Self-Development

by Gertrude Atherton. First published in Ladys Realm 5 (March 1899): 579.
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Gertrude Atherton (1857-1948) was a prominent American author during the

late nineteenth-early twentieth century. Atherton was known for her strongwill and strident independence. Her short stories, essays, and magazine and
newspaper articles commonly discussed issues of feminism, politics, and
war. This excerpt was taken from Athertons essay, Does Marriage Hinder
A Womans Self-Development? fist published in Ladys Realm in 1899.

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Excerpt taken from Chapter X: Parental Affection in A Vindication of the
Rights of Women: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjectivity by
Mary Wollstonecraft. First printed in Boston, by Peter Edes for Thomas and
Andrews, Fausts Statue, no. 45, Newbury-street, in 1792.
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English writer, philosopher, and
womens rights advocate. Wollstonecraft famously argued that women are
not naturally inferior to men, and suggested that both sexes be treated as
rational beings. This excerpt is taken from Chapter X of Wollstonecrafts
best known works, A Vindication of the Rights of Women: with Strictures on
Political and Moral Subjectivity, first published in 1792.


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Excerpt taken from Professions for Women in The Death of the Moth
& and Other Essays by Virginia Woolf. First published by Harcourt, Brace
Company in 1942.
Adeline Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) was an English writer and modernist.
Considered one of the twentieth centurys premier novelists, Woolfs
popularity declined sharply after WWII, only to rise again with the growth
of feminist criticism in the 1970s. Many of Woolfs works explored the
difficulties that female writers and intellectuals faced during her lifetime due
to the disproportionate amount of legal and economic power men held over
women. Woolf examined these issues in her essay Professions for Women,
posthumously published by Harcourt, Brace & Company in 1942, along
with a selection of her other essays, collectively known as The Death of the
Moth and Other Essays.

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Excerpt taken from The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath. First published by
Heinemann in 1963 under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas. Published under
Plaths name for the first time in 1967.
Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) was an American poet, novelist, and short story
writer. She is credited with advancing the genre of confessional poetry, and
won a posthumous Pulitzer Price in 1982 for The Collected Poems. This
excerpt is taken from her only novel, The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical
novel published for the first time shortly before her death in 1963 under the
pseudonym, Victoria Lucas. The Bell Jar was published under Plaths
name in 1967, and became increasingly popular in the 1970s.

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( )Monochromes .
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Excerpt taken from White Magic by Ella DArcy. Originally published in

Monochromes by Ella DArcy. London: John Lane, 1895.


Ella DArcy (1857-1937) was an English writer best known for her short
stories. DArcys style is often characterized as psychologically realist
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and focuses on themes such as marriage, the family, deception and imitation.

This excerpt is taken from the story White Magic first published in her
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work, Monochromes, in 1895.


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Excerpt taken from Of Queens Gardens in Sesame and Lilies by John
Ruskin. First published by John Wiley & Son in 1865.
John Ruskin (1819-1900) was a prominent English social thinker,
philanthropist, art critic, and watercolorist. A prolific writer, during his
lifetime Ruskin wrote on subjects ranging from geology, architecture,
literature, and education. This excerpt, taken from Ruskins lecture, Of
Queens Gardens was one of three lectures that comprised his work,
Sesame and Lilies, published in 1865 and delivered in 1864 at the town
halls of Rusholme and Manchester. Sesame and Lilies is often regarded as
a classic nineteenth-century statement on the natures and duties of men and
women. In Of Queens Gardens, Ruskin counsels women to take their
places as the moral guides of men, and urges their parents to educate them
to this end.

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( )Saturday Review .

Excerpt taken from The Girl of the Period by Eliza Lynn Linton. First
published in Saturday Review, March 1868.
Eliza Lynn Linton (1822-1898) was a British novelist, essayist, and antifeminist journalist. During her lifetime, Linton authored more than 20
novels and gained prominence as the first female salaried journalist. This
excerpt, taken from her famous essay The Girl of the Period, was first
published in the Saturday Review in 1868, and expressed her disapproval of
feminism.

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