Identification of Tourism Circuits Across India: Interim Report Kerala

Identification of Tourism Circuits across
India

Interim Report
Kerala

March 2012
Submitted to:
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India

1, Parliament Street,
Transport Bhawan,
New Delhi - 110001
Submitted by:

2nd Floor, Ambience Corporate Tower,
Ambience Mall, NH-8,
Gurgaon, Haryana 122 001

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Assignment Brief .................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Approach and Methodology.................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Key findings ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................ 5
2. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Tourism in the State ................................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Infrastructure ......................................................................................................................... 15
3. Initial screening of the Tourism Circuits ...................................................................................... 20
3.1 Based on Secondary Research .............................................................................................. 20
3.2 Key Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 20
4. Stakeholder Consultation .............................................................................................................. 22
4.1 State Government .................................................................................................................. 22
4.2 Ranked List of Tourism Circuits ........................................................................................... 22
4.3 Carrying Capacity Analysis .................................................................................................. 24
4.4 Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Priority Circuit ............................................ 29
5. Existing Infrastructure Status ........................................................................................................ 30
5.1 Template to Evaluate Infrastructure status/availability between Tourist Destinations ......... 30
5.2 Introduction to the Circuit 1 .................................................................................................. 31
5.3 Infrastructure Status .............................................................................................................. 35
5.4 Land under the DoT .............................................................................................................. 49
5.5 SWOT Analysis .................................................................................................................... 50
6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation & Funding .................................... 54
6.1 Breakup of the Projects ......................................................................................................... 64
6.2 Employment Generation ....................................................................................................... 67
Annexure 1: Destination Tourism Clusters in Kerala ........................................................................... 68
Annexure II: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment ................................................................................ 69

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List of Tables
Table 1: Snapshot of Kerala .................................................................................................................... 8
Table 2: Domestic and International Tourists/visitors to Kerala .......................................................... 10
Table 3: District Tourist Inflow for 2010 (January-December) ............................................................ 12
Table 4: Destination wise Tourist Inflow for 2010 (January-December) ............................................. 12
Table 5: Earnings from tourism in Rs. Crore ........................................................................................ 14
Table 6: Infrastructure scenario in Kerala ............................................................................................. 15
Table 7: Road Network in the State ...................................................................................................... 16
Table 8: Availability of Accommodation Facilities in Classified Hotels (2009) .................................. 18
Table 9: District-wise Distribution of Information Offices .................................................................. 18
Table 10: Major Tourism Sites in the Circuit 1 .................................................................................... 23
Table 11: UDPFI Density Limits .......................................................................................................... 26
Table 12: Physical and Ecological Indicators ....................................................................................... 27
Table 13: Social and Demographic Indicators ...................................................................................... 28
Table 14: Political Economic Indicators ............................................................................................... 28
Table 15: Evaluation Criterion of Physical and Ecological Indicators ................................................. 29
Table 16: Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis ............................................................................... 29
Table 17: Template to Evaluate Infrastructure Status/Availability between Tourist Destinations ....... 30
Table 18: Sub-circuits within Circuit 1 with Primary and Secondary Hubs ......................................... 32
Table 19: Tourist arrivals in Circuit 1 Destinations in 2010 ................................................................. 34
Table 20: Snapshot of Kozhikode City ................................................................................................. 35
Table 21: Overview of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Malappuram Sub-Circuit ....................... 37
Table 22: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Wayanad Sub-Circuit ............ 41
Table 23: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit
.............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Table 24: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kasargode Sub-Circuit .......... 47
Table 25: Land acquired by BRDC....................................................................................................... 49
Table 26: Land allotted for resorts by BRDC and current status .......................................................... 50
Table 27: Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding ......................... 54
Table 28: PPP Bifurcation of the Identified Projects ............................................................................ 65
Table 29: Estimated Employment Generation in the Circuit ................................................................ 67

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Study Methodology ................................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2: Kerala District Map ................................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Growth rates for Kerala GSDP & per capita income in INR over 2000-01 to 2009-10 .......... 8
Figure 4: Comparison of overall growth rates for India & Kerala ........................................................ 10
Figure 5: Comparison of Growth Rates for Domestic Tourism India & Kerala ............................... 10
Figure 6: Domestic tourist percentage for India and Kerala ................................................................ 11
Figure 7: Seasonality of International and Domestic Tourists in Kerala .............................................. 11
Figure 8: Top Ten Sources for Domestic and International Tourists in 2009....................................... 13
Figure 9: Road map of Kerala ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 10: Railway network of Kerala .................................................................................................. 17
Figure 11: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis..................................................................... 25
Figure 12: Circuit 1 coverage in terms of districts ............................................................................... 32
Figure 13: Primary and secondary hubs considered for the Priority Circuit in Kerala ......................... 33
Figure 14: Contribution of Circuit 1 to Kerala tourism figures in 2010 ............................................... 34
Figure 15: Site photographs showing Existing Condition of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-
Malappuram Sub-Circuit ...................................................................................................................... 39
Figure 16: Map of Destinations identified in Kozhikode- Malappuram Sub-Circuit ........................... 40
Figure 17: Destinations identified in Kozhikode-Wayanad Sub-Circuit .............................................. 42
Wayanad Sub-Circuit ............................................................................................................................ 43
Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit ........................................................................................................... 45
Figure 20: Destinations Identified in Kozhikode- Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit ............................. 46
Figure 21: Destinations Identified in Kozhikode- Kasargode Sub-Circuit ........................................... 48
Figure 22: Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kasargode Sub-Circuit .............................................. 48

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1. Introduction
1.1 Assignment Brief
IL&FS Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (IL&FS IDC) has been appointed as the National
Level Consultant by Ministry of Tourism, for identification of tourism circuits / destinations in the
states and union territories (excluding states in the North East) for implementation in the 12
th
five year
plan. The identified circuits / destinations are proposed to be developed in an integrated manner with
financial assistance from the central government supported by appropriate involvements of the state
governments and the private sector. This process has been initiated with the selection of existing/new
tourist circuits (4 in each state and 2 in Union Territories). These circuits have been structured
considering the length, duration and connectivity and finalised based on discussions with the tourism
departments of the specific states.
After the identification and prioritisation of these circuits, the next step is to identify the basic and
tourism related infrastructural and promotional needs of the identified circuits, which are to be
implemented on priority basis, along with the tentative cost estimates. These projects should be
related to development of basic as well as tourism related infrastructure. Thereafter, Detailed Project
Reports (DPRs) will be prepared by the State Level Consultant for the projects identified along with
their financial projections.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the current study include:
1) To identify the potential tourist circuits/destinations in the state of Kerala
2) To analyse the potential and carrying capacity of the identified tourist circuits/destinations and
prioritise the same.
3) Assess the existing infrastructure basic and tourism related - for the circuits/destinations.
4) To assess the interventions for improving the quantity and quality of basic and tourism
infrastructure for prioritized circuits/destinations.
5) Identify infrastructural projects to be initiated by central/state/private sector
1.3 Approach and Methodology
Figure 1 represents a flow diagram of the approach and methodology used for the present study.
Based on primary and secondary sources, literature search and discussions with key stake holders
(State Govt and local tour & travel industry), the existing tourists flow and orientation were studied.
The existing and future potential and connectivity of the destinations were studied for an initial
screening of the tourist circuits / destinations.

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Initial Screening of Tourist Circuits
Short listing of the Circuits
Carrying Capacity Assessment
Identified Circuits along with
Priority Circuit
Detailed Infrastructure Gap
Assessment
Identification of Prospective Projects
with Block Cost Estimates
Final Report
Discussion with Department of
Tourism, representatives of
Travel & Tourism Industry and
other stakeholders
Based on
Stakeholder Consultations
Reconnaissance survey
Secondary Research
Potential
Popularity
Connectivity

Parameters
Transport, Roads condition, Access
to modes of transportation, Utilities,
Accommodation, Way side
amenities, Management of tourist
attractions

Figure 1: Study Methodology
After the initial screening, the circuits identified were discussed with the State Government
(Department of Tourism), representatives of Travel & Tourism Industry and other stakeholders. On
the basis of these consultations, tourism circuits have been shortlisted. In order to understand existing
capacity of the shortlisted circuits as well as destinations, a detailed carrying capacity assessment has
been done. This assessment is, primarily, based on the residential and tourist population densities of
the town/cities.
Based on the above exercise, four circuits have been identified and prioritised. The circuits have been
prioritized after consultations with the stakeholders and based on the popularity, tourists flow pattern
and perceived need for improvements/investments to basic and tourism infrastructure. In this report,
the circuit identified as the priority circuit by the state government in terms of potential and
requirement for infrastructure development has been selected for further study.
The assessment has been carried out to understand the significance of the identified sites from a
tourist perspective and to map the availability of tourism infrastructure. The typical infrastructure

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required includes facilities at entry-exit points, accommodation, way-side amenities, physical & social
infrastructure, public utilities as well as health & security. This assessment is based on reconnaissance
survey done along the route, wayside and on site of the priority circuit. The focus of the assessment
has been on the following areas:
1) Modes of Transport- airways, roadways and railways and access thereto
2) Road network
3) Utilities-power, water facility, etc
4) Accommodation
5) Way side amenities
6) Maintenance and management of built heritage/tourist attractions
On the basis of the above assessment and discussions with stakeholders, an exercise has been carried
out to identify tourism infrastructure gaps. Based on these gaps as well as the site potential,
sustainable projects have been proposed along with indicative block costs. The proposed projects are
intended to achieve the following objectives:
1) Products and activities proposed which will enhance the tourist inflow and will increase the
duration of stay of tourists in the circuit as well as providing socio-economic benefits at a larger
level.
2) Sustainable projects, which will attract different investors and private players to participate in
tourism infrastructure development.
1.4 Key findings
For the state of Kerala, the following three circuits have been identified for integrated development
based on discussions with the Department of Tourism, Kerala as summarised below:
1. Circuit 1: North Regional Circuit consisting of Kozhikode-Malappuram-Nilambur-Wayanad-
Kannur-Bekal
2. Circuit 2: Southern Regional Circuit consisting of Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala- Varkala-
Kollam- Pathanamthitta- Alappuzha
3. Circuit 3: Central Regional Circuit consisting of Kochi-Kumarakom-Kottayam-Vagamon-
Thekkady- Munnar-Kalady-Athirapalli-Thrissur-Guruvayoor-Palakkad
Based the carrying capacity assessment, tourism potential, need for infrastructure development and
discussions with the Department of Tourism, Kerala, the Circuit 1 has been proposed as the Priority
Circuit for the state of Kerala. Given the diversity of attractions and the spread of the Circuit 1 across
5 districts, Kozhikode has been selected as the primary hub for the circuit, while Kannur, Kalpetta and
Kasargode / Bekal have been selected as the support hubs. The key findings of the study conducted
are listed below in the form of the SWOT analysis carried out for the Priority Circuit (Circuit 1).

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1.4.1 Strengths
Kozhikode, the primary hub, enjoys good connectivity with both Domestic and International
destinations through air, rail and road. In addition most of the destinations enjoy good
connectivity with Kozhikode and the support hubs such as Kannur, Kalpetta & Kasargod / Bekal.
Wide diversity of tourism assets such as beaches, hill stations & scenic spots, wildlife & bird
sanctuaries, backwaters, historical monuments, religious & cultural destinations etc with scope for
development of specialised sub-circuits based on specific tourism assets :
relatively well developed private tourism sector and availability of accommodation facilities
around the major hub and support hubs
Established network of DTPCs created by the DoT in the main district headquarters for
coordination of tourism development and providing tourist information
Strategic tourism development initiatives in destinations such as Bekal for creating new tourism
infrastructure assets.
1.4.2 Weaknesses
Lack of awareness regarding tourism destinations in north Kerala among International Tourists.
Distance of destinations in North Kerala from current tourism hubs around Kochi and Trivandrum
Need for better coordination of tourism development between the DoT and government owner
owning the tourism sites.
Need for improving the tourism amenities and basic infrastructure in beach destinations in the
circuit. There is heavy traffic seen on the roads connecting the tourism destinations which leads to
increase in travel time and congestion. In addition, the approach roads to destinations are most 1-
1.5 lane and also need more maintenance works.
Lack of accommodation facilities near the tourism destinations away from the main urban areas &
need for provision of good public convenience facilities both on route to the destinations and
within the tourism destinations
1.4.3 Opportunities
Potential for development of the relatively less congested and cleaner beaches in the circuit
Potential for development of destinations along the coastline of Kozhikode and Malappuram
district extending from Ponnani to Kozhikode. This stretch has a combination of religious,
historical and beach destinations along the NH-66 / the Tirur-Kadalundi road.
Promotion of home stays and accommodation facilities for Domestic Tourists visiting the
temples along the above stretch. This would help attract Domestic Tourists interested in
religious tourism, from outside the current catchment area inside Kerala.
Potential for development of the stretch of the Canoli canal between Kadalundi and Veliyamgode
& the stretch between the Korapuzha and Kallai rivers which runs through Kozhikode as a
waterway for tourists

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Promotion of the destinations such as Kadalundi and Vallikunnu comprising mangrove forests
and bird sanctuaries.
Develop infrastructure in under-developed scenic destinations & dam sites such as Kakkayam,
Kattumala and Karappuzha.
Promotion of unique cultural art forms such as Theyyam which are of interest to International
Tourists and institutions such as Thunchan Parambu & Arakkal Palace.
Promoting and enhancing the existing backwater cruises operating on the Valiyaparamba
backwaters by enhancing infrastructure at the current boat jetty facilities operated by BRDC
Promote the development of city tours in major destinations such as Kozhikode, Kannur, etc.
Development of adventure & trekking activities in identified areas near the hill stations, forest
areas etc based on coordination between the DoT and land owning government.
1.4.4 Threats
Tourism inflow to Kerala is concentrated in central and south Kerala. In the absence of a strategic
thrust to both marketing and infrastructure development, this situation would be expected to
continue.
Availability of adequate tourism manpower is a critical concern expressed by private players
operating away from main urban areas
Need to manage the increase in tourists visiting the beaches around the urban areas such as
Kozhikode and Kannur to prevent environmental degradation & waste management issue.
Need to manage expected growth in backwater tourism in the Valiyaparamba backwaters and
prevent environmental degradation as reported in the Vembanad backwater region
Based on the above analysis, lists of proposed projects have been identified for the Priority Circuit
(Circuit 1) along with an indicative range of block costs and possible sources of funding. The list of
projects is detailed in chapter 6 of the report.
1.5 Structure of the Report
This interim report, which covers the priority circuit identified for Kerala, has been divided into 6
sections. The next section of the report focuses on the profile of the State, especially in terms of
infrastructure, tourism trends and key spots/sites. This is followed by sections explaining key
parameters for finalizing a circuit (Tourist profile/Carrying capacity/Safety/Sustainability), outcome
of stakeholder discussions at centre and state, current status of circuits (based on site study
undertaken) and infrastructure gaps identified during the site visit. On the basis of this, assessment of
the level of adequacy of infrastructure will be done with respect to the existing infrastructure,
increasing tourist inflow, destination popularity, types of tourists and seasonality. This approach will
be able to assess and filling up the gaps (based on selective parameters) which categorizes the
facilities available en route, way side and onsite. The study of the respective circuits is, primarily,
based on visitors approach towards destinations from the entry-exit points. The latter sections of the

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study report provides information on prospective projects in the circuits that can be taken up for
infrastructural up-gradation. These projects have been proposed on the basis of identified deficiencies
and perceived need to accommodate the tourist inflow into the circuits/destinations.

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2. Introduction
The state of Kerala was established in the year 1956, under the States Reorganization Act by merging
the Malayalam speaking regions under the princely kingdoms of Travancore and Cochin with the
Malabar district and Kasargode, South Kanara. Kerala is one of the four major southern states of India
and shares boundaries with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

Figure 2: Kerala District Map
(Source: www.mapsofindia.com)
The total population of Kerala is 3,33,87,677 persons which included 48 percent males and 52 percent
females and contains about 3 per cent of the country's population. The population density of the state
is about 859 people per square kilometers, three times the national average. The state is also one of
the densest States in the country and it recorded a decadal population growth of +4.86 percent. Kerala,
with a sex-ratio (females per 1000 males) of 1084, is the only state in India with a positive figure
1
.

1
/censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND032_Kerala.pdf

Page | 8

Figure 3: Growth rates for Kerala GSDP & per capita income in INR over 2000-01 to 2009-10
Figure 3 shows that the state enjoys some of the highest growth rates in terms of state GSDP and per
capita income. One of the key characteristics of the state economy is remittances from NRIs which is
equivalent to 20 percent of the state GDP. A snapshot of Kerala summarising some of the important
economic and demographic features of the state is provided in the Table 1.
Table 1: Snapshot of Kerala
Category Value
Capital Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram)
Area in square kilometre 38,863
Number of revenue divisions
Number of districts- 14
Number of Talukas- 63
Number of towns- 520
Major cities Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram), Kochi (Cochin),
Kozhikode (Calicut)
Population in million 31.8 (2001 census)
33.4 (2011 census provisional estimate)
Percentage of urban population of total (%) 47.7% (2011 census provisional estimate)
Literacy Rate (%) 93.9
GDP growth rate 9.7%
Airports Trivandrum. Kochi, Kozhikode
Gross Domestic Product Rs. 1,81,289 crore in 2009-10
Net per capita income (current prices) Rs.52,984
Contribution to economy by sector primary sector- 16%
secondary sector- 23%
tertiary sector- 61%
Major economic sectors IT/ITES
Tourism
Commodity and cash crops
Marine products
handlooms and textiles
Source: Economic Survey- 2010-11, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Kerala

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2.1 Tourism in the State
The state of Kerala is one of the most popular tourism destinations in India. The state, promoted as
Gods own country, has various tourism assets such as beaches, hill stations, backwaters, national
parks and wildlife sanctuaries. However, the key to tourism success has been its sustained marketing
efforts and creation of new tourism products. As a result, Kerala has become a model for planned
tourism development to other Indian states. For example National Geographic Traveller selected
Kerala as one of the 50 must see destinations of a lifetime. The success of tourism marketing in
Kerala can be attributed to a combination of factors:
Clear identification and positioning of the tourism product & differentiating from other Indian
states
developing a basket of tourism activities
Close coordination between the state agencies and private sector for tourism marketing
aggressive promotion & brand building to the target audience
development of best practices and models for tourism development
Introducing regulation and quality certification for tourism products
2.1.1 Major Tourism Destinations
Beaches- Kovalam, Varkala, Marari, Bekal, Kannur
Backwaters- Kumarakom, Alappuzha, Kollam, Kochi, Kozhikode
Hill stations- Munnar, Wayanad, Vagamon, Ponmudi
Wildlife reserves Periyar, Eravikulam, Thattekad, Parambikulam
One of the key contributors to Keralas success has been in the development of tourism products
instead of merely destinations. For example Kerala is closely associated with three major products
namely, Ayurveda, Backwater cruises and beach holidays. These have been supported by
development of subsidiary tourism products such as eco-tourism, adventure and wildlife tourism.
2.1.2 Trends in Tourist Arrivals
Kerala attracted around 92,54,340 tourists with around 85,95,075 Domestic Tourists & 6,59,265
International Tourists in 2010. The tourism figures for the last 5 years along with the associated
growth rates are provided in the Table 2.

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Table 2: Domestic and International Tourists/visitors to Kerala
Category
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Domestic 5,946,423 6,271,724 6,642,941 7,591,250 7,913,537 8,595,075
Growth rate 5% 6% 14% 4% 9%
CAGR 7.6% over the 5 year period 2005-10
International 346,499 428,534 515,808 598,929 557,258 659,265
Growth rate 24% 20% 16% -7% 18%
CAGR 13.7% over the 5 year period 2005-10
Total 6,292,922 6,700,258 7,158,749 8,190,179 8,470,795 9,254,340
Growth rate 6% 7% 14% 3% 9%
CAGR 8% over the 5 year period 2005-10
Source: Website of Department of Tourism, Kerala

Figure 4: Comparison of overall growth rates for India & Kerala

Figure 5: Comparison of Growth Rates for Domestic Tourism India & Kerala
One of the important highlights for the tourism flow into Kerala is the relatively higher contribution
of International Tourists. Domestic Tourists consist of around 93 percent of total tourism inflows in
comparison to all India figures of around 99 percent as shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the
contribution of Domestic Tourists to the overall numbers in Kerala has come down by around 1.6
percentage points. It can also be observed that the growth rates for tourist inflow for Kerala have
18%
14%
7%
18%
11%
6%
7%
14%
3%
9%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
India
Kerala
18%
14%
7%
19%
11%
5%
6%
14%
4%
9%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
India
Kerala

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99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.1%
99.2% 99.2%
94.5%
93.6%
92.8%
92.7%
93.4%
92.9%
88.0%
90.0%
92.0%
94.0%
96.0%
98.0%
100.0%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
India
Kerala
lagged the overall national growth rates for the past 5 years.

Figure 6: Domestic tourist percentage for India and Kerala
A comparison of the growth rates for International Tourists is provided in the Figure 7Error!
eference source not found.. In this case, the trends for Kerala are reversed, in respect to the Domestic
visitors, with Kerala generally leading in terms of visitor growth rates except for 2009 when
International visitor growth rates suffered due to the global financial crisis.
2.1.3 Seasonality
The maximum inflow of tourists for both Domestic & International categories is seen in the months of
December and January. The seasonal trends are more pronounced with respect to International
visitors. This is due to the fact that the highest inflows coincide with the traditional tourism season
from October to March. It can be observed from the Figure 7; around 68 percent of the International
tourist arrivals (annually) are concentrated in the period October to March. However, the seasonal
skew in terms of Domestic tourism is much less with around 54 percent of the annual tourist arrivals
concentrated in the period October to March (considering 2009-10 figures).

Figure 7: Seasonality of International and Domestic Tourists in Kerala
2.1.4 Distribution
It can be observed from Table 3 that the Ernakulum district accounts for the largest inflow of tourists
for both Domestic and International categories.

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Table 3: District Tourist Inflow for 2010 (January-December)
S. No District International Tourists Domestic Tourists
1. Alappuzha 41,977 183,416
2. Ernakulum 277,675 1,987,743
3. Idukki 48,295 464,123
4. Kannur 5,886 455,822
5. Kasargode 1,679 160,539
6. Kollam 8,211 196,773
7. Kottayam 32,561 301,599
8. Kozhikkode 9,017 612,316
9. Malappuram 16,915 347,311
10. Palakkad 1,270 359,961
11. Pathanamthitta 829 82,470
12. Trivandrum 204,049 1,160,640
13. Thrissur 4,326 1,874,211
14. Wayanad 6,575 408,151
15. TOTAL 6,59,265 85,95,075
Source: Department of Tourism, Kerala
The tourist inflow to Kerala is highly concentrated for both Domestic and International visitors. For
Domestic visitors, around 58 percent of tourists are accounted by three districts namely Ernakulum,
Thrissur and Trivandrum. For International visitors, two districts namely Ernakulum and Trivandrum
account for around 73 percent of the total inflows. This is further reinforced by the destination wise
tourist inflows provided in the Table 4.
Table 4: Destination wise Tourist Inflow for 2010 (January-December)
S. No Destination International Tourist Domestic Tourist
1. Thiruvananthapuram 43,032 696,555
2. Kovalam 108,639 262,456
3. Ponmudi 2,438 26,773
4. Poovar 5,094 23,846
5. Varkala 45,545 160,238
6. Kollam 7,632 170,068
7. Palaruvi 475 26,330
8. Aranmula 47 3,981
9. Erumeli 9 5,000
10. Alappuzha 39,531 187,178
11. Kuttanadu 1,724 7,746
12. Kumarakom 26,599 245,063
13. Munnar 19,690 225,748
14. Thekkady 27,537 170,857
15. Wagamon 1,101 18,366
16. Aluva 12,258 193,269
17. Cherai Beach 5,244 20,510
18. Fort Kochi 65,396 129,466
19. Kalady 6,080 61,588
20. Kochi City 116,536 912,700
21. Maradu 37,881 73,568
22. Paravoor 1,529 15,185
23. Athirappalli 484 58,779
24. Chalakkudi 9 2,221
25. Chavakkad 135 56,632
26. Guruvayoor 3,233 1,726,389
27. Malampuzha 365 71,046
28. Nelliyampathy 47 24,385
29. Kodikuthimala 375 9,148

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S. No Destination International Tourist Domestic Tourist
30. Nilambur 8,753 33,956
31. Iringal 555 4,389
32. Kottakkal 7,013 7,404
33. Kakkayam 451 66
34. Kozhikode City 49 492,890
35. Kappad 6,620 3,869
36. Peruvannamoozhi 1,626 2,842
37. Thusharagiri 3,578 1,120
38. Wayanad 504 406,776
39. Meenkunnu-Payyambalam 323 37,960
40. Muzhuppilangad 51,128 222,456
41. Parassinikkadavu 43,032 164,274
42. Bekal 108,639 13,311
43. Not at any destination 2,438 1,618,671
44. Paravoor 5,094 696,555
45. Athirappalli 45,545 262,456
46. TOTAL 6,59,265 85,95,075
2.1.5 Tourist Origin
Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, the states which share boundaries with Kerala, are the two largest sources
of Domestic Tourists accounting for around 16 percent of the total Domestic tourist inflow. The top
ten states by tourist origin accounted for 26 percent of the total Domestic Tourists in 2009, indicating
diversity in origin source.

Figure 8: Top Ten Sources for Domestic and International Tourists in 2009
In the case of International Tourists, the largest source countries are the United Kingdom (UK) and
France. The top ten source countries accounted for 65 percent of the total International Tourists in
2009. The UK is the most significant tourism market for International visitors accounting for 26
percent of the total International Tourists coming to Kerala.
2.1.6 Revenue from Tourism
Tourism is an important contributor to the states GSDP, estimated to be around 8 percent of the total
GSDP. The total estimated earnings from tourism in 2010 was around 17,348 crore as provided in the
Table 5.

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Table 5: Earnings from tourism in Rs. Crore
S. No Year Forex earnings Domestic earnings Total earnings generated (direct + indirect)
1 2005 1552.3 4281.4 7,738
2 2006 1988.4 4891.4 9,126
3 2007 2640.9 5978.6 11,433
4 2008 3066.5 6832.1 13,130
5 2009 2853.2 7122.2 13,231
6 2010 3375.4 7736.6 17,348
2.1.7 State Government Agencies Associated with Tourism
a) Department of Tourism, Kerala
The Department of Tourism (DoT), Government of Kerala, is the apex body responsible for the
promotion and development of tourism in Kerala
2
. The DoT is responsible for:
Tourism strategy & development of overall tourism sector policy
Marketing and promotion of tourism & participation in tourism related events
Identification and development of tourism destinations
Market research and statistics for tourism
Implementation and administration of the above
The DoT is supported in the above activities by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation
(KTDC), Tourism Resorts Kerala Limited (TRKL) and the District Tourism Promotion Councils
(DTPC).
b) Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC)
The Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) was incorporated in 1965 and carries out
commercial operations related to development of tourist accommodation and package tours. The
properties operated by KTDC can be categorised as:
Classified hotels- 8
budget hotels- 7
motels- 13
Tamarind / Yatri Nivas hotels- 13
Restaurants and beer parlours- 20
restaurants 4
Boat clubs- 4
c) Tourist Resort Kerala Ltd (TRKL)
Tourist Resort Kerala Ltd (TRKL) was incorporated in 1989 and is the agency meant for joint venture
projects which include four hotel projects at Varkala, Kumarakom, Thekkady and Ernakulam with Taj
Hotels.

2
www.keralatourism.org

Page | 15
d) Bekal Resort Development Corporation (BRDC)
The Bekal Resort Development Corporation (BRDC) was formed in 1995 to develop Bekal and
adjoining areas in Kasargode district as an International beach tourism destination. The BRDC is
responsible for the development of basic infrastructure in the designated area as well as allotting land
to private partners for tourism development.
e) District Tourism Promotion Councils (DTPC)
The District Tourism Promotion Councils (DTPC) undertakes the responsibility of conceptualising,
developing and marketing tourism products at the local level. There are 14 DTPCs responsible for
promoting tourism in each of the districts. The DTPC also monitor tourism quality standards and
collect tourism related data.
2.2 Infrastructure
Table 6Error! Reference source not found. provides a summary of the infrastructure scenario across
he state in terms of transportation & connectivity, power etc.
Table 6: Infrastructure scenario in Kerala
Sector Status Key initiatives
Roads Category 2009-10 Implementation of the Kerala State Transport
Project comprising highway up-gradation in two
phases of 254 km (phase I) and 326 km (phase II)
construction of 48 out of 65 rail over-bridges
approved by the railways for Kerala
development of 290 km of roads under various
schemes
National Highways 1535
State Highways 4341.6
Major District Roads 18900
All Roads 24776.6
Railways Total rail length of 1199 km in 2009-
10
Initiating the development of the integrated
railway coach factory at Kanjikode for which the
state government has allotted 426 acres of land.
The work on the coach factory in Palakkad is
progressing with the project being taken up as
PPP. The coach factory entails an investment of
Rs. 5000 crore in the first phase.
Proposed introduction of MEMU trains servicing
major railway stations.
Airports Three airports operating at
Trivandrum, Kochi and Kozhikode.
proposed development of airport at Kannur on
PPP basis
Ports One major port (Cochin Port) under
the government of India and 17 minor
ports under the state government.
proposed development of the minor ports at
Thangassery, Azhikkal and Beypore on PPP basis
Development of the Rs. 6000 crore Vizhinjam
International Deepwater Port on PPP basis
Inland
water
transport
41 navigable rivers in Kerala with
total length of inland waterways being
1687 km
Declaration of the Kollam Kottapuram stretch
of the West Coast Canal along with Champakara
and Udyogmandal Canals (total of 205 km) as the
National Waterway 3
Grant in aid of Rs. 225 crore by the 12th Finance
Commission to Kerala for development of inland
water ways for the period 2006-10. The phase I
program comprises deepening of the existing

Page | 16
Sector Status Key initiatives
canal, side protection works and phase II program
comprises construction of boat jetties and aprons,
reconstruction of bridges and formation of canals
in the uncut portion.
Power Installed generation capacity of 2,746
MW with public sector accounting for
90% of capacity.
Total additional capacity of around 419 MW
through ongoing and proposed projects
Source: Economic Survey of Kerala, 2010-11
a) Roads
Kerala has 151,652 km of road length with nearly 1,457 km of National Highways. The state is well-
connected to its neighbouring states and other parts of India through nine National Highways
3
. Figure
15Error! Reference source not found. shows the road network in Kerala.
Table 7: Road Network in the State

Figure 9: Road map of Kerala

3
www.ibef.org
Road Type Road Length (km)
National Highways 1,457
State Highway 4,341
District Road 18,900
Sources: Economic Review of Kerala, 2010, Annual Report 2010-11, Ministry of Road Transport &
Highways

Page | 17
b) Rail
Kerala has a total rail length of around 1200 kilometres with the railway network falling under the
Southern Railway which covers Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and parts of Karnataka & Andhra
Pradesh. Railway divisions at Thiruvananthapuram, Palakkad and Madurai jointly carry out railway
operations in the state (source: www.ibef.org). The rail network of Kerala is shown in the Figure 10.

Figure 10: Railway network of Kerala
c) Airports
Kerala has three major International airports at Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), Kochi (Cochin)
and Kozhikode (Calicut) airport. In addition, the Government of Kerala is proposing to develop an
International airport at Kannur. There are also plans to develop an airstrip near Bekal in Kasargode for
catering to charter flights.
2.2.1 Tourist Accommodation
There were around 312 classified hotels in Kerala, with around 8,648 rooms in 2009 as shown in the
Table 8.

Page | 18
Table 8: Availability of Accommodation Facilities in Classified Hotels (2009)
Town-wise
Distribution
5 Star-
Deluxe
5-
Star
4-
Star
3-
Star
2-
Star
1-
Star
Aptt.
Hotel
Time
Share
Resort
Heri
tage
Un-
Classified
Total
No. of
Hotels) 2 8 15 189 71 5 1 0 6 15 312
No. of Rooms 172 616 856 5042 1233 173 58 0 56 442 8648
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
2.2.2 Information Centres
There are a number of information centres run by the DoT both inside and outside Kerala as provided
below:
a) Outside Kerala
The DoT runs six information centres in various states across India. The major centres where the
information offices of the DoT are located include Chennai, New Delhi, Mysore, Goa, Mumbai and
Kolkata. In addition the information on Kerala tourism is available at the India Tourism offices
located across India.
b) In Kerala
Information offices are located at the major transport interchanges such as bus stations, railway
stations and airports and at the DTPC offices in each district. In addition the information on Kerala
tourism is also provided in the KTDC Tourist Reception Centres. The number of information offices
in each tourism destination is summarised below:
Table 9: District-wise Distribution of Information Offices
S. No District Number of Information Offices
1. Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) 7
2. Kollam 3
3. Pathanamthitta 2
4. Alappuzha 2
5. Kottayam 2
6. Idukki 2
7. Ernakulum 5
8. Thrissur 2
9. Palakkad 1
10. Malappuram 1
11. Kozhikode 3
12. Wayanad 3
13. Kannur 2
14. Kasargode 2
15. Total 37
Source: www.keralatourism.org
2.2.3 Wayside Facilities
Wayside centres providing facilities for food & beverages, rest rooms etc are important support
infrastructure for tourists. While hotels and restaurants are readily available for tourists across the
state, this is not the case for wayside facilities providing for rest rooms. KTDC is the largest player in

Page | 19
this space, with around 13 motels under the Motel Araam brand. In terms of geographic distribution,
around 75 percent of the facilities are located in between Trivandrum and Kochi.
The DoT is trying to promote the development of around 250 wayside amenities across the state with
private entrepreneurs under the Vazhiyoram scheme
4
. Based on the statistics published in the DoT
website, there are around 13 such Vazhiyoram centres operational currently.

4
www.keralatourism.org/.../Statistics%20Book%202007.pdf

Page | 20
3. Initial screening of the Tourism Circuits
3.1 Based on Secondary Research
On the basis of the discussions with the state tourism department and stakeholder interactions with the
travel and tour industry, the following major tourism themes were identified.
Ayurveda- Kochi, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Trivandrum
Beaches- Kovalam, Varkala, Marari, Bekal, Kannur
Backwaters- Kumarakom, Alappuzha, Kollam, Kochi, Kozhikode
Hill stations- Munnar, Wayanad, Vagamon, Ponmudi
Wildlife reserves Periyar, Eravikulam, Thattekad, Parambikulam
Heritage- Fort Kochi & Mattanchery, Kozhikode, Trivandrum
3.2 Key Parameters
An exercise was further carried out to identify and prioritise four circuits from the above circuits. The
key parameters on the basis of which the prioritisation of circuits has been carried out are summarised
below.
3.2.1 Tourist Profile
The type of tourist visiting a destination depends on the nature of destination. They can be broadly
categorized into Domestic and International Tourists. This further affects the physical and socio-
economic development of a destination as spending patterns determine the related multiplier effects. It
also governs the type and scale of infrastructure required.
According to the estimates available from Department of Tourism, Kerala, the average expenditure
per day of International Tourists is the state is Rs. 3600 with a length of stay of 16 days while in case
of Domestic Tourists; it is Rs. 1800 wherein length of stay is 6 days. While Tamil Nadu and
Karnataka are the two largest sources of Domestic Tourists, in the case of International Tourists, the
largest source countries are the United Kingdom (UK) and France.
3.2.2 Capacity and Sustainability
The carrying capacity
5
assessment and sustainability of tourism in the circuits identified is an
important component of the study as it will form the basis for resource allocation and future
development. The carrying capacity assessment has been done separately for the circuits, based on
city population (resident), population density and tourist population and density (floating population).
The estimation has been done by comparing the total density with the city density norms for small,
medium and large town / cities set by Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation
Guidelines (UDPFI). Only such places have been considered that can offer a sustainable value

5
Carrying capacity is defined as maximum number of individuals than a given environment can support without any adverse
impact on it.

Page | 21
proposition to the tourists such that when tourism products are offered in those places, they can be
maintained as well.
3.2.3 Travel and Tour
Generally, tour operators organize trips in such a way that only popular sites can be covered in a given
period of time. This practice creates more pressure on such destinations. Therefore, while selecting
the circuits, attempts have been made to promote the sites situated around these popular / saturated
destinations which are relatively less developed.
3.2.4 Safety
Tourist safety has been considered and attempts have been made not to incorporate any such
destination which is already adversely affected in terms of law and order.

Page | 22
4. Stakeholder Consultation
4.1 State Government
After the initial identification of tourism circuits, discussions were held with the officials of the DoT,
Kerala and other stakeholders for short-listing the three priority circuits. Based on the discussions, the
following tourism circuits and destinations have been identified for further study.
Three Major Tourism Circuits
1) Circuit 1: North Regional Circuit consisting of Kozhikode-Malappuram-Nilambur-Wayanad-
Kannur-Bekal
2) Circuit 2: Southern Regional Circuit consisting of Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala- Varkala-
3) Circuit 3: Central Regional Circuit consisting of Kochi-Kumarakom-Kottayam-Vagamon-
Tourism Park
The DoT has currently identified the following areas for the potential development of Tourism Parks
as summarised below.
Vagamon, Idukki district- The Department of Tourism owns about 100 acres of land at Vagamon
which can be developed into an eco-destination focusing paragliding, camping sites, ayurvedic
resorts etc
Karappuzha Dam: Karappuzha dam located in Wayanad district is a beautiful site having potential
of developing as the tourism hub of Wayanad. More than 300 acres of public land in the form of
islands is available for developing tourism products and infrastructure here.
Rural Tourism
The DoT has identified the following areas for the development of the rural tourism cluster as
indicated below:
Idayar Island, Thiruvallam near Trivandrum
Anthakaranazhy in Alappuzha district
Koorachundu-Peruvannamuzhi in Kozhikode district
Malarikkal in Kottayam district
4.2 Ranked List of Tourism Circuits
As described in the previous sections, the tourism circuits identified for development are summarised
below. The Circuit 1 has subsequently been selected as the priority circuit to be studied.
1) Circuit 1: North Regional Circuit consisting of Kozhikode-Malappuram-Nilambur-Wayanad-
Kannur-Bekal

Page | 23
2) Circuit 2: Southern Regional Circuit consisting of Thiruvananthapuram-Thenmala- Varkala-
3) Circuit 3: Central Regional Circuit consisting of Kochi-Kumarakom-Kottayam-Vagamon-
The Circuit 1 destinations spread out across five districts of Kerala. The base for the tourism circuit
would be Kozhikode city with Kannur as a subsidiary base. The major destinations in the Circuit 1 are
summarized in the Table 10 below.
Table 10: Major Tourism Sites in the Circuit 1
Base town Tourist Destinations District Site function / Characteristic
Kozhikode Kozhikode Kozhikode Hub for entry, stay and exit
Kozhikode beach Kozhikode Tourism destination
Beypore port Kozhikode Tourism destination
Feroke Kozhikode Tourism destination
Kappad beach Kozhikode Tourism destination
Peruvannamoozhi Kozhikode Tourism destination
Kakkayam Kozhikode Tourism destination
Thusharagiri Kozhikode Tourism destination
Vadakara Kozhikode Tourism destination
Kottakal Malappuram Tourism destination
Vandoor Malappuram Tourism destination
Thiroor Malappuram Tourism destination
Thirunavaya Malappuram Tourism destination
Nila Malappuram Tourism destination
Ponnani Malappuram Tourism destination
Kondotti Malappuram Tourism destination
Thirurangadi Malappuram Tourism destination
Kadalundi Malappuram Tourism destination
Connollys plot & teak
museum
Malappuram Tourism destination
Adayanpara Malappuram
Kalpetta/ Sultan
Bathery
Kalpetta Wayanad Secondary hub after Kozhikode
Lakkidi Wayanad
Pookot lake Wayanad Tourism destination
Soochipara waterfall Wayanad Tourism destination
Chembra peak Wayanad Tourism destination
Edakkal caves Wayanad Tourism destination
Jain temple at Kalpetta Wayanad Tourism destination
Sultan Bathery Wayanad Secondary hub for night stay &
accommodation
Muthanga wildlife sanctuary Wayanad Tourism destination
Mananthavady Wayanad Tourism destination and hub for
night stay & accommodation
Thirunelly temple Wayanad Tourism destination
Begur wildlife sanctuary Wayanad Tourism destination
Kuruva island Wayanad Tourism destination
Pazhassi tomb Wayanad Tourism destination
Karapuzha dam Wayanad Tourism destination

Page | 24
Base town Tourist Destinations District Site function / Characteristic
Kannur Kannur town Kannur Secondary hub after Kozhikode
Muzhuppilangad beach Kannur Tourism destination
Payyambalam beach Kannur Tourism destination
Meenkunnu beach Kannur Tourism destination
St. Anjelos fort Kannur Tourism destination
Pythal mala Kannur Tourism destination
Parassinikadavu Kannur Tourism destination
Aralam wild life sanctuary Kannur Tourism destination
Pazhassi dam Kannur Tourism destination
Arakkal kettu Kannur Tourism destination
Ezhimala Kannur Tourism destination
Rajarajeswara temple Kannur Tourism destination
Kannur /
Thalassery
Thalassery Night stay and accommodation in
addition to Kannur
Gundert bungalow Kannur Tourism destination
Thalassery fort Kannur Tourism destination
Overburys folly Kannur Tourism destination
Dharmadam beach & island Kannur Tourism destination
Kasargode Kasargode town Kasargode Secondary hub after Kozhikode
Bekal fort & Bekal beach Kasargode Tourism destination
Valiyaparamba / Kavvayi
backwaters
Kasargode Tourism destination
Ranipuram hill station Kasargode Tourism destination
Kappil beach Kasargode Tourism destination
Kasargode Kasargode Tourism destination

4.3 Carrying Capacity Analysis
Tourism carrying capacity (TCC) is defined as the maximum number of people that may visit the
tourist destination without causing destruction of the physical, economic and socio cultural
environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors satisfaction. (Alvin Chandy,
2009). The aassessment of TCC is based on three major indicators:
Physical-Ecological
Socio-Demographic
Political- Economic.
Physical and Ecological Indicators are based on fixed components (ecological capacity, assimilative
capacity) and flexible components (infrastructure systems like water supply, electricity,
transportation, etc).
Socio -demographic Indicators refer to social and demographic issues and importance to local
communities, as they relate to the presence and growth of tourism. Some of these can be expressed in
quantitative terms but most require suitable socio- psychological research.

Page | 25
Political-economic Indicators refer to the impacts of tourism on local economic structures, activities,
etc. including competition to other sectors.
The objective of the interventions intended by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India is to
improve the quality and quantity of tourism infrastructure at tourist destinations/circuits in a
sustainable manner. Hence, for the purposes of this report the primary focus would be on the Physical
and Ecological Indicators. It is expected that improvement in physical infrastructure at
destinations/circuits would translate into improvements in the socio-demographic and political-
economic conditions of these places.
Figure 11: Methodology for Carrying Capacity Analysis
The methodology for evaluating the available carrying capacity for the tourist destinations is
illustrated in the Figure 11 and is described below.
I. Calculation of Existing Load (L
EXISTING
)
This is done by calculating the following:
a) Resident Population Density (
RP)
: This was derived by dividing the existing resident
population of the tourist town by its area in hectares (ha.)
b) Domestic Tourist Density (
DT
): This was derived as follows:
Step 1. Domestic Tourist Arrival (T
D
): Domestic tourist arrivals during peak season
(days) was determined.
Step 2. Domestic Tourist stay days in peak seasons (T
DSP
): Domestic tourist arrival was
multiplied by average number of days of tourist stay at that tourist town.
T
DSP =
T
D
* Stay
Average Days

Page | 26
Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season (
DSP
): This was
evaluated by diving the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days
comprising the peak season
DSP
= Stay
Average Days
/ Days
Peak Season
Step 4. Domestic Tourist Density (
DT
): This was evaluated by diving Average number of
tourist staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.
DT
=
PS
/ Area
c) Foreign Tourist Density (
FT
): This was derived as follows:
Step 1. Foreign Tourist Arrival (T
F
): Foreign tourist arrivals during peak season (days)
was determined
Step 2. Tourist stay days in peak seasons (T
FSP
): Foreign tourist arrival was multiplied by
average number of day of stay for tourist at that tourist town.
T
FSP
= T
F
* Stay
Average Days

Step 3. Average number of tourist staying per day during peak season(
FSP
) : This was
evaluated by diving the number of tourist stay days per season by the number of days
comprising the peak season
FSP
= Stay
Average Days
/ Days
Peak Season
Step 4. Foreign Tourist Density: This was evaluated by diving Average number of
tourist staying per day during peak season by area of tourist town in hectares.
FT
=
PS
/ Area
Aggregate Peak Density (A
PD
) = Resident Population Density + Domestic Tourist Density +
Foreign Tourist Density
A
PD
=
RP
+
DT
+
FT

Existing Load (L
EXISTING
) = Aggregate Peak Density * Area of the town
L
EXISTING
=A
PD
* Area
II. Estimation of Carrying Capacity (CC)
a. UDPFI Density (D
UDPFI
): The Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation
Guidelines (UDPFI, 1996) guidelines classifies the towns on the basis of population as follows:
Table 11: UDPFI Density Limits
S. No Towns Population Upper Limit Density (PPH)
1
Small Town Less than 50000 125
2
Medium Town 50000 - 500000 150
3
Large City More than 500000 150
4 Metro Cities 175
5
Small Hill Town 20000 75
6
Medium Hill Town 20000-80000 90
7
Large Hill Town More than 80000 90
Source: UDPFI Guidelines, 1996

Page | 27
The densities suggested by the UDPFI guidelines as shown in the Table 11 are for the standard cases.
Tourist towns which vary from highly eco-sensitive sanctuaries to highly dense pilgrimage places
have specific characteristics and carrying capacities. Thus, UDPFI densities need to be adjusted to
account for these factors, which is done with the help of Normalizing Density ()
Normalizing Density ()
Normalizing density is evaluated as follows:
1. Sites were evaluated on a normalizing index (Ni) of range -10 to +10
Negative Indices were adopted for sites where densities were to be allowed on a conservative scale
(i.e. for example places which are ecologically sensitive). Positive Indices were adopted for sites
where densities were to be allowed at higher values than prevailing such as pilgrimage towns etc.
2. The values of the indices were evaluated based on a qualitative assessment with respect to the
Physical Ecological indicators. The indicators which were assessed for the category wise tourist
places are summarized in Table 12:
Table 12: Physical and Ecological Indicators
Physical Ecological
Indicators
Thematic Areas
Coastal
Area
Islands Protected
Areas
Rural
Areas
Mountain
Resorts
Urban,
Historic
Pilgrimage
Place
Biodiversity
Air Quality
Noise Pollution
Availability of Power
Water
Waste Management
Cultural heritage
Tourist Infrastructure
Land Availability
Quality of Transport
Infrastructure

Source: Countries,E.(Dec,2001). Defining, Measuring and Evaluating Carrying Capacity in European Tourism
Destinations.Athens.
Normalizing Density () was calculated by multiplying a factor of 10pph by the Normalizing index.
Normalizing Density () = 10* Ni
(The value of 10pph was derived by establishing the boundary conditions of lower and upper
sustainable densities for tourist towns of the relevant categories. To establish the lower limit,
reference was made to the capacity norms cited by World Tourism Organization WTO (Inskeep,
1991). The upper limit was established by determining the densities for saturated tourist towns.)

Page | 28
The Normalizing index (Ni) was evaluated as follows: Each of the applicable indicators for the
corresponding thematic area (to which the tourist destination/circuits belong) was ranked on a scale of
0-10. The average of the indicators would give the value of the Normalizing index (Ni).
Carrying Capacity Density (CC
D
) was calculated by summing up the Upper Limit of the relevant
UDPFI density with the Normalizing Density
Carrying Capacity Density (CC
D
) = D
UDPFI
+
Carrying Capacity (CC) was calculated by multiplying the carrying capacity density with the Area
of the respective town in hectares.
Carrying Capacity (CC) = CC
D
* Area of Town
Available Capacity was finally evaluated by finding the difference between the Carrying Capacity of
the tourist town and the Existing Load in the town.

Table 13: Social and Demographic Indicators
Social
Demographic
Indicators
Thematic Areas
Coastal
Area
Islands Protected
Areas
Rural
Areas
Mountain
Resorts
Urban &
Historic
Pilgrimage
Place
Demography

Tourist Flows
Social &
Behavioral
Aspects

Health &
Hygiene

Safety
Destinations.Athens.
Table 14: Political Economic Indicators
Political -
Economic
Indicators
Thematic Areas
Coastal
Area
Islands Protected
Areas
Rural
Areas
Mountain
Resorts
Urban &
Historic
Pilgrimage
Place
Tourism Earnings
and Investment

Employment
Public
Expenditure and
Revenue

Destinations.Athens

Available Capacity = Carrying Capacity (CC) - Existing Load (L
EXISTING
)

Page | 29
Table 15: Evaluation Criterion of Physical and Ecological Indicators
Physical Ecological Indicators Evaluation Criterion
Biodiversity Threatened species, Protected areas as a percent of territory and
type of ecosystem
Air Quality Population exposure to air pollution - Sox & Nox emission
intensities
Noise Pollution Sensitivity to noise pollutions. Allowable decibels limit if
specified.
Availability of Power Hours of regular power supply from all energy sources.
Water Intensity of Use of water resources. Drinking water availability
@135lpcd.
Waste Management Generation of waste, Movement of hazardous waste, Availability of
waste management system
Cultural & Heritage Listed Buildings and scheduled ancient monuments at risk.
No. of community heritage groups active.
Cultural traditions and communities which are at a risk of getting
extinct.
Tourist infrastructure Availability of tourist infrastructure such as on site
accommodation, wayside amenities, signages, restaurants, public
convenience, petrol pumps etc.
Land Availability Area of Land available for tourism development.
Quality of Transport Infrastructure Inter and Intra city transport connectivity in tourist towns.
Availability of Last Mile connectivity.
Source: White V.,M. G. (2006). Indicators of Sustainibility and Sustainable Tourism: Some Example Sets.
Aberdeen: The Macaulay Institute.
4.4 Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Priority Circuit
Using the mentioned methodology, the carrying capacity of North Regional Circuit, consisting
Kozhikode-Malappuram-Nilambur-Wayanad-Kannur-Bekal was analyzed. The results of the analysis
are summarized in the Table 16.
Table 16: Town wise Carrying Capacity Analysis
Tourist Town
Existing
Load
Carrying
Capacity
Available
Capacity
Estimating
Load
Carrying
Capacity
Available
Capacity
2010 2020
Kozhikode 705295 2172040 1466745 804533 2172040 1367507
Kannur 77075 143390 66315 81260 143390 62130
Kalpetta 38514 468510 429996 52009 468510 416501
Table 16 shows that cities such as Kozhikode and Kalpetta has more carrying capacity and prospects
of tourism related development than Kannur.

Page | 30
5. Existing Infrastructure Status
An assessment of tourism infrastructure between major tourist destinations has been done. The
template for infrastructure gap assessment is as presented in Table 17. Each of the destinations and
their en-route stretches have been assessed and rated on a scale of A, B, C,D and E wherein, A
denotes Very Good, B denotes Good, C denotes Fair, D denotes Bad and E denotes Very Bad.
The infrastructure assessment sheets are presented as Annexure-II.
5.1 Template to Evaluate Infrastructure status/availability between Tourist
Destinations
Table 17: Template to Evaluate Infrastructure Status/Availability between Tourist Destinations
Route
Destination
Enroute/
Onsite
Parameters Components Rating Remarks
Enroute Distance in km
Approach Road Quality (A-E)
Type of Road (metalled,
unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/ MDR)
Lanes
Riding Quality (A-E)
Transport Modes Used by tourists
(more specific to transport
access to tourist destinations
from various parts of city)
Availability (A-E)
Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability
Petrol Pump/ Service
Centre availability

Public Convenience
availability

Direction Signages (I nside
the city to directing the
tourist destinations)
Sufficiency (A-E)
Languages
On Site Land ownership of the Site N.A
City/Town Accommodation Type
Capacity
Bed Occupancy
Sufficiency (A-E)
Drinking Water facility Availability (A-E)
Quality(A-E)
Solid Waste Management A-E
Electricity Supply (AC, Gen)
Parking Sufficiency (A-E)
Availability of Land for
future parking

Page | 31
Route
Destination
Enroute/
Onsite
Parameters Components Rating Remarks
Area of this land (approx)

Tourist I nformation Centres Available(Y/N)
Quality (A-E)
Trained Guides Availability (A-E)
I nformation Signages Sufficiency (A-E)
Languages
Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-E)
Quality (A-E)
Public Convenience Availability (A-E)
Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E)
Quality (A-E)
Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-E)
Quality (A-E)
Site
Specific
Comments

5.2 Introduction to the Circuit 1
The destinations in the Circuit 1 are located across five major districts in North Kerala, namely
Kozhikode, Malappuram, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasargode. The tourism destinations identified
consist of a number of major and emerging tourism destinations. The city of Kozhikode is the natural
entry point and hub for the destinations in Circuit 1. Given the geographic spread of the tourism
destinations, there are other towns in the districts which would be secondary hubs cum
accommodation points in addition to Kozhikode. It may be noted that all the tourism destinations
identified, would come within 150-200 kilometres from Kozhikode. The overall coverage of the
destinations is provided in the Figure 12. Due to the number of tourism destinations covered in the
Circuit 1, the identified destinations have been further broken down into further groups as indicated
below. The analysis in terms of infrastructure gaps and indicative projects has been carried based on
these groups with Kozhikode as the primary hub and secondary hubs such as Kannur, Kalpetta and
Bekal / Kasargode.

Page | 32
Figure 12: Circuit 1 coverage in terms of districts

Table 18: Sub-circuits within Circuit 1 with Primary and Secondary Hubs
S.No Sub-circuit Primary hub Secondary hub
1. Kozhikode- Malappuram sub-circuit Kozhikode -
2. Kozhikode- Wayanad sub-circuit Kozhikode Kalpetta
3. Kozhikode Kannur- Thalassery sub-
circuit
Kozhikode Kannur
4. Kozhikode- Kasargode sub-circuit Kozhikode Kasargode / Bekal

Page | 33

5.2.1 Major Tourism Products
The major tourism products in the Circuit 1 can be categorised as given below.
Beaches Bekal, Kozhikode, Kannur, Thalassery
Religious destinations / pilgrimage major temples such as Thirunavaya, Parassinikadavu,
Pazhayangadi mosque etc
Hill stations & scenic spots Ranipuram, Paithalmala, waterfalls & lakes in Wayanad,
Nilambur
Wildlife sanctuaries and parks Wayanad, Kannur
Historical / heritage / cultural Bekal fort, Thunchan memorial, Pazhassi tomb, Arakkal
museum, St. Angelos fort etc
Backwaters- Kovvayi- Valiyaparamba backwaters between Kannur and Nileswaram
5.2.2 Tourist Arrivals
The breakups of tourist arrivals for the destinations in Circuit 1 are provided in the Table 19.
Figure 13: Primary and secondary hubs considered for the Priority Circuit in Kerala

Kozhikode
Kalpetta
Kannur
Bekal

Page | 34
0.9%
0.3%
1.4%
2.6%
1.0%
5.3%
1.9%
7.1%
4.0%
4.7%
5.0%
1.8%
6.7%
3.9%
4.5%
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%
KANNUR KASARGOD KOZHIKODE MALAPPURAM WAYANAD
Domestic %
International %
Total %
Table 19: Tourist arrivals in Circuit 1 Destinations in 2010
Destination Domestic International Total
Malappuram 347,311 16,915 364,226
Kozhikode 612,316 9,017 621,333
Wayanad 408,151 6,575 414,726
Kannur 455,822 5,886 461,708
Kasargode 160,539 1,679 162,218
The relative contribution of the tourism destinations in Circuit 1 to the overall tourist numbers for
Kerala is indicated in Error! Reference source not found.14. The net contribution of north Kerala to
the total tourism traffic is around 22percent which is low considering that the region covers 5 out of
14 districts of Kerala. It can be seen that the relative contribution for International Tourists is just
around 6 percent of the total International Tourist inflow into Kerala. Domestic Tourists contribute
around 98 percent of the total tourists coming to north Kerala compared to around 93percent for
Kerala overall. The above statistic reinforces the need to develop and promote north Kerala as a
tourism destination in addition to the current tourism hotspots of south and central Kerala.

Figure 14: Contribution of Circuit 1 to Kerala tourism figures in 2010
The development of the North Kerala circuit is expected to provide the following benefits:
enable the creation of new tourism assets and products in North Kerala
promote private sector tourism investment in North Kerala
reduce the load and manage issues of overcapacity in the case of the Central and Southern
Kerala
spread the benefits of tourism more broadly across the state

Page | 35

Kozhikode
5.3 Infrastructure Status
Site visits have been conducted for the
destinations identified in Circuit 1 with a gap
assessment carried out for identified
infrastructure categories. The gap assessment
has been done on a qualitative basis for the
following infrastructure categories summarized
below:
1) Transport and connectivity
2) Utilities such as power, water, etc
3) Accommodation
4) Way side amenities
5) Maintenance and management of built
heritage/tourist attractions
The city of Kozhikode would be the major hub
and entry / exit point to the Circuit 1. Keeping
this in view, the Priority Circuit has been broken up into the following sub-circuits, which would be
linked to Kozhikode.
1. Kozhikode- Malappuram sub-circuit
2. Kozhikode- Wayanad sub-circuit
3. Kozhikode Kannur- Thalassery sub-circuit
4. Kozhikode- Kasargode sub-circuit
5.3.1 Kozhikode
The city of Kozhikode (Calicut) is the third largest urban centre in Kerala and the largest urban centre
in north Kerala. The city is renowned for its rich maritime heritage with ancient ports such as Beypore
and Kappad, where Vasco da Gama made his first landing in 1498. The Kozhikode railway station is
the major railway station in north Kerala and the Karipur International airport is located around 28
kilometers from Kozhikode. A snapshot of Kozhikode is provided in the Table 20.
Table 20: Snapshot of Kozhikode City
S.No Category Description / Parameter
1. Area 128 square kilometers
2. Population 2.03 million in Kozhikode urban area as per provisional
figures of 2011 census
3. Number of wards 75

Page | 36
S.No Category Description / Parameter
4. Accessibility Karipur airport which is an International airport - 28
kilometers from city centre
Kozhikode railway station- 1 kilometer from city centre
well connected road network state highways and
national highways such as NH-17, NH-212 & 213
connecting Kozhikode with the rest of India
5. Major tourism destinations Kozhikode beach
Kappad beach
Mananchira square
Beypore port
Thusharagiri water falls
Kadalundi bird sanctuary
6. Accommodation There are more than 30 hotels in Kozhikode ranging from 5
star hotels to budget hotels.
Source: Kozhikode Corporation & Kerala Tourism
5.3.2 Kozhikode Malappuram Sub-Circuit
The destinations covered in this sub-circuit are located across the districts of Kozhikode and
Malappuram. Based on the discussions with the DoT, Kerala, around 17 destinations have been
identified in this sub-circuit. These destinations have been classified based on importance as high,
medium and minor. The primary hub is Kozhikode. The majority of the destinations are located
within 50-60 kilometres from Kozhikode with Ponnani, in Malappuram district, being the farthest at
around 85 kilometres. The annexure to this report provides an overview of the infrastructure
availability of this sub-circuit for the sites / destinations identified. An overview of the tourist
destinations in the Kozhikode- Malappuram sub-circuit is provided in Table 21.

Page | 37
Table 21: Overview of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Malappuram Sub-Circuit
No Destination Relative
importance
Comments
1. Vadakara Minor one of the ancient centres for Kalaripayattu, the
martial tradition of Kerala
Sand banks peninsula where the Moorad / Kottakal
River meets the sea , located 3 km from the town
with an area maintained by the municipality as a
point to view the sunset. There is a beach opposite
the Sand banks named the silent beach.
2. Kappad beach High Beach where Vasco Da Gama landed in India
commemorated by a monument
potential for development as a beach destination
with resorts already developed
3. Kozhikode beach High Located around 2 kilometres from the city centre
and a popular destination for Domestic Tourists
with a marine aquarium
4. Beypore High old maritime port for Kerala
beach destination alongside port which has been
recently renovated and is a popular destination for
Domestic Tourists
5. Feroke Medium remains of a fort built by Tipu Sultan and
maintained by the ASI
currently a well and a small magazine building
remain
6. Kadalundi High Location of a bird sanctuary near the spot where the
Kadalundi river meets the sea
potential for eco-tourism and adventure sports
7. Tirurangadi Minor associated with the freedom struggle and the wagon
tragedy under the British rule
8. Tirur Medium
Important as the birth place of Thunchath
Ezhuthachan considered as the father of Malayalam
literature and the Thunchan Paramba memorial
Thunjan utsavam festival for arts and literature held
on an annual basis
9. Ponnani High
Tidal mouth where the Bharathapuzha River and the
Tirur River meet with the sea. It is also a nesting
place for migratory birds.
The Biyyam Kayal is a waterway with boating
facilities provided by the DTPC
Location for a number of ancient temples and
mosques
10. Thirunavaya Medium location of the Thirunavaya temple which is a major
centre for religious pilgrims
famous as the location where the Mamankam
festival was held till the 18
th
century
currently a martial arts festival based on
Kalaripayattu is held on an annual basis

Page | 38
importance
Comments
11. Kottakal Medium Centre for the Arya Vaidya Sala facility where
traditional Ayurvedic medical treatment is provided
in an extensive campus
The Arya Vaidya Sala also maintains its herbal
gardens and manufactures ayurvedic medicines in
its campus
The remains of the fortified palace of the Kizhakke
Kovilakam kings is located in Kottakal
12. Kondotty Medium mainly famous for the 500 year old Pazhayangadi
mosque located in Kondotty
centre for Domestic religious tourism
13. Vandoor Minor
mainly noted as the location for the Vandoor Sivan
temple which is a major centre for religious tourism
14. Nilambur High
scenic destination with forests and wildlife habitats
Location of the oldest teak plantation in the world
named Connolys plot. The longest hanging bridge
in Kerala provides access to the teak plantation.
The Adyan Para waterfalls are located 14 km from
Nilambur
15. Tusharagiri Medium
Scenic spot with three waterfalls and potential for
developing trekking and adventure tourism
16. Kakkayam Medium picturesque dam site with potential for development
of adventure sports
17. Peruvannamoozhi Medium
Location of the Peruvannamoozhi dam developed as
a scenic spot with facilities for boating and
including a crocodile farm and gardens.
Experimental farm of the Indian Institute of Spices
Research is located here.
Forms part of the Malabar wildlife sanctuary.

Page | 39

Malappuram Sub-Circuit

Page | 40
Kakkayam
Peruvannamoozhi
Kozhikode
Beypore
Feroke
Kappad
Vadakara
Tusharagiri
Kottakal
Vandoor
Tirur
Tirurangadi
Thirunavaya
Ponnani
Kondotty
Kadalundi
Nilambur

Figure 16: Map of Destinations identified in Kozhikode- Malappuram Sub-Circuit
5.3.3 Kozhikode- Wayanad Sub-Circuit
The destinations covered in this sub-circuit are located across the district of Wayanad. Based on the
discussions with the DoT, Kerala, around 12 destinations have been identified in this sub-circuit.
These destinations have been classified based on importance as high, medium and minor. The
majority of the destinations are located within 80-100 kilometres from Kozhikode with Thirunelly, the
farthest from Kozhikode at around 127 kilometres. In this case, Kalpetta is considered as the support
hub to Kozhikode for Wayanad district. The annexure to this report provides an overview of the
infrastructure availability of this sub-circuit. The overview of the tourist destinations in the
Kozhikode- Wayanad sub-circuit is provided in Table 22.

Page | 41
Table 22: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Wayanad Sub-Circuit
importance
Comments
1. Lakkidi Medium Gateway to Wayanad and is one of the highest
spots in Wayanad district.
Located at around 700 metres above MSL along
the famous Thamarassery pass in the Western
Ghats
Mainly a sightseeing spot on route to Wayanad.
2. Pookot lake High scenic freshwater lake with boating facilities and
tourist amenities
3. Soochipara waterfalls High three tiered waterfalls surrounded by forests
view of the tea estates in Wayanad
4. Chembra peak Medium highest peak in Wayanad and is accessed by a
trek of around 5 km
trekking destination based on permission from
the department of forests
trekking equipment provided by DTPC
5. Edakkal caves High caves with prehistoric writings and believed to
have been inhabited over several periods from
5000 BC onwards
accessed by a trekking trail of 1 km
Entry and exit to caves by same route which
leads to congestion during peak tourist season
6. Jain temple at Kalpetta Minor remains of an ancient Jain temple at Kalpetta
which is currently under the ASI
7. Muthanga wildlife
sanctuary
High Major wildlife sanctuary and part of the Nilgiri
biosphere and bounded by Nagarhole and
Bandipur on the border with Karnataka state
8. Pazhassi tomb at
Manathavady
Medium Memorial to Pazhassi Raja who organised one of
the first resistances to the British in the 18
th

century along with a museum
9. Thirunelly temple Medium ancient Vishnu temple over a thousand years old
and a centre for religious pilgrims
10. Kuruva dweep High River delta of around 1000 acres on the Kabini
River with the island accessed by boats run by
Kerala Tourism.
11. Begur wild life
sanctuary
High Wildlife sanctuary located near Mananthavady

Page | 42
Kozhikode
Lakkidi
Pookot lake
Kalpetta
Soochipara
waterfalls
Chembrapeak
Sultan Bathery
Edakkal caves
Mananthavady
Muthangawild
life sanctuary
Thirunelly
Begur wildlife
sanctuary
Kuruvadweep
Figure 17: Destinations identified in Kozhikode-Wayanad Sub-Circuit

Page | 43

Wayanad Sub-Circuit
5.3.4 Kozhikode Kannur- Thalassery Sub-Circuit
The destinations covered in this sub-circuit are located across the district of Kannur. Based on the
discussions with the DoT, Kerala, around 16 destinations have been identified in this sub-circuit.
These destinations have been classified based on importance as high, medium and minor. The
majority of the destinations are located within 80-90 kilometres from Kozhikode with Pythal mala the
farthest from Kozhikode at around 150 kilometres. In this case, Kannur is considered as the support
hub to Kozhikode. The annexure to this report provides an overview of the infrastructure availability
of this sub-circuit. The overview of the tourist destinations in the Kozhikode- Kannur- Thalassery
sub-circuit is provided in Table 23.

Page | 44
Table 23: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit
S.
No
Destination Relative
Importance
Comments
1. Gundert
Bungalow
Minor former bungalow of Dr. Hermann Gundert who
developed the first Malayalam dictionary & currently
owned by a private party
2. Thalassery Fort High Fort built by the British in 1708 and now maintained by
the ASI
3. Overburys
Folly
Medium Architectural folly which serves as a public park for
local people which has been recently renovated and
redeveloped
4. Dharmadam
Beach
High Private Island of around 5 acres located around 100
meters from the mainland.
5. Dharmadam
Island
High beach popular with local residents and located near
Kannur
6. Muzhappilangad
Beach
High Only drive in beach in Kerala with potential for
development of water sports
7. Payyambalam
Beach
High Popular beach destination with a beach garden
maintained by the DTPC. It is located around 2 km from
Kannur
8. Meenkunnu
Beach
High Located around 12 km from Kannur and relatively
underdeveloped
9. St. Angelos fort High Built by the Portuguese in the 16
th
century and currently
maintained by the ASI
located 3 km from Kannur
10. Pythal Mala Medium hill station located more than 60 km from Kannur and
near the Kerala Karnataka border in the Western Ghats
potential for development as a hill station with resorts
and adventure sports
11. Parassinikadavu High Major destination is the Parassinikadavu Sr.Muthappan
temple with a daily Theyyam dance performance
The other major attraction is the Parassinikadavu snake
park
12. Aralam Wild
Life Sanctuary
Medium wild life sanctuary located 20 km from Iritty
13. Pazhassi Dam Medium scenic destination developed near an irrigation reservoir
over the Valappatanam river with boating facilities
provided by the DTPC and a garden with sculptures
14. Arakkal Palace Medium Museum dedicated to the Arakkal royal family and
developed in part of the Arakkal palace by the DoT and
the Department of Culture, Kerala.
15. Ezhimala Minor Picturesque hill destination located around 40 km from
Kannur forming a promontory. Development around the
area is restricted due to the presence of the Indian Naval
Academy which was completed in 2009
16. Rajarajeswara
temple
Medium Ancient Siva temple located at Taliparamba near
Kannur, and one of the most prominent Siva temples in
South India.
Domestic religious tourism potential

Page | 45
Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit

Page | 46

Figure 20: Destinations Identified in Kozhikode- Kannur-Thalassery Sub-Circuit
5.3.5 Kozhikode- Kasargode sub-circuit
The destinations covered in this sub-circuit are located across the district of Kasargode. Based on the
discussions with the DoT, Kerala, around 5 destinations have been identified in this sub-circuit. These
destinations identified consist of major, minor and emerging tourism destinations and are indicated in
the Figure 21. The majority of the destinations are located within 150-170 kilometres from Kozhikode
with Ranipuram the farthest from Kozhikode at around 190 kilometres. In this case, Kasargode /
Bekal is considered as the support hub to Kozhikode. The annexure to this report provides an
overview of the infrastructure availability of this sub-circuit. The overview of the tourist destinations
in the Kozhikode- Kasargode sub-circuit is provided in Table 24.
Kozhikode
Kannur
Thalassery
Parassinikadavu
Meenkunnu
beach
Pythal
mala
Aralamwild life
sanctuary
Pazhassi dam
Ezhimala
Rajarajeswara
temple

Page | 47
Table 24: Relative importance of Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kasargode Sub-Circuit
importance
Comments
1.
Bekal High The Bekal Tourism Development Corporation
(BRDC) formed in 1995, has initiated the
creation of a greenfield tourism based
development which is one of the first of its
kind in India.
Under this development resorts and tourism
developments are envisaged in identified
areas around the Bekal fort
The major attractions are the Bekal fort and
the beach
The BRDC has acquired 233.67 acres of land
for development of 6 resort sites as well as
other tourism & infrastructure related
activities. The total land area earmarked for
resorts is around 200 acres. A total cost of Rs.
30 crore has been spent for land acquisition as
on date.
2. Valiyaparamba
backwaters
High The third major backwater system in Kerala
with potential for backwater cruises between
Kannur and Neeleshwaram
3. Ranipuram hill
station
Medium hill station located around 50 km from
Kasargode with potential for ecotourism and
adventure tourism
cottages, conference hall and dining hall
recently developed by the DoT for an
estimated cost of Rs. 3.25 crore
4. Kappil beach High relatively undeveloped beach around 6 km
from Bekal fort with potential for
development as a beach destination

Page | 48
Kozhikode
Kasargode
Bekal
Ranipuram
Valiyaparambu
island
Figure 21: Destinations Identified in Kozhikode- Kasargode Sub-Circuit

Figure 22: Tourism Destinations in Kozhikode-Kasargode Sub-Circuit

Page | 49
5.4 Land under the DoT
Generally there are very few land parcels directly under the DoT in the Circuit 1. Most of the
destinations are under other government agencies such as the KSEB (Kerala State Electricity Board)
and the revenue, the forest & irrigation departments. Many of the sites are developed based on the
coordination between the owner department and the DoT / DTPC (destinations in Wayanad are a
prime example of this mode of development). Therefore, in many cases, the DoT or DTPC identifies
sites with tourism potential and comes to an arrangement with the government agency holding the site
for specific tourism related developments.
5.4.1 Bekal Resort Development Corporation
Table 25: Land acquired by BRDC
S
No.
Resorts and other sites Village Extent of land
acquired in
acres
1. Resort site 1 & 1A Chittari and Ajanoor 31.95
2. Resort site 2 Chittari and Keekan 57.43
3. Resort site 4 & 4 A Pallikere I & II 32.71
4. Resort site 5 Udma and Pallikere II 21.57
5. Resort site 6 Udma and Kalnad 25.56
6. Resort site 7 Kalnad 31.65
7. Facility centre Pallikere I 1.62
8. Public beach Pallikere I 23.33
9. access to beach Pallikere 0.98
10. Staff quarters for railway and gate
lodge (not handed over to railways)
Keekan 0.28
11. Water supply scheme Panayal, Kolathur, Pallikere, Chittari,
Udma, Bare, Keekan and Kalanad
4.81
12. Valiyaparamba house boat centre Nileshwar and South Trikkaripur 0.27
13. Parking bay near Bekal fort Pallikere I 1.41
14. Valiyaparamba facility centre Udinoor 0.1
15. TOTAL 233.67
The Government of India in 1992 carried out a survey of the west coast of India, for identifying beach
locations which could be developed as coastal destination. Bekal located in Kasargod district, was one
of the 6 destinations identified under this Special Tourism Area initiative. Taking this further, the
government of Kerala formed the Bekal Tourism Authority for implementation of the project in 1992.
In 1995, the Bekal Resort Development Corporation (BRDC) was formed for speedy implementation
of the project. In addition, BRDC also has an extended mandate to promote tourism in the district of
Kasargod.

Page | 50
The development area identified by BRDC comprises the 4 Panchayats of Udma, Pallikere, Ajanoor
and Chemnad. BRDC has so far acquired 233.67 acres of land as shown in Table 27 at a cost of
around Rs. 30 crore. The land acquired is for the development of 6 resorts as well as allied basic and
tourism infrastructure. Land acquisition has been completed for all the resort sites which have been
subsequently leased to bidders selected through a bid process for a period of 30 years. For selection of
bidders, the land was valued at 125 percent of the land acquisition cost and bidders selected by
competitive bidding setting 8percent of land value as the minimum lease price. The details of the land
allotted to the bidders and current status is provided in Table 26.
Table 26: Land allotted for resorts by BRDC and current status
S No. Resorts and
other sites
Village Extent in
acres
Lessee Status
1. Resort site 1 Chittari and
Anjur
31.95 M/s. Joys
Enterprises,
Site development work
initiated
2. Resort site 2 Chittari and
Keekan
57.43 Green gateway
leisure (Air Travel
Enterprises)
Under construction with 80
keys expected to be
operational in early 2012
3. Resort site 4 Pallikere &
Udma
32.35 Globlink Hotels &
Entertainment Pvt
Ltd.
Under construction with 76
keys expected to be
operational in mid 2012
4. Resort site 5 Udma and
Pallikere II
21.57 Khanna Hotels
Pvt. Ltd
Operational and
maintenance by Taj under
the Vivanta brand with 85
keys.
5. Resort site 6 Udma and
Kalnad
25.56 Bharath Hotels
Ltd
Operational with 37 keys in
first phase as the Lalit
Resort & Spa
6. Resort site 7 Kalnad 31.65 Holiday Group Under development with
major works for 50 out of
100 keys completed.
Expected to be operational
at end of 2012 or early 2013
7. Beach Park Pallikere 5 KTDC (Kerala
Tourism
Development
Corporation)
For development of
premium beach camping
resort with 20 cottages in
the first phase. Work on the
project is expected to start
by 2012.
5.5 SWOT Analysis
Based on the assessment carried out during the visit to the Circuit 1, strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis has been carried out for the overall Circuit 1 as described
below.

Page | 51
Strengths
Kozhikode enjoys good connectivity with both Domestic and International destinations through
air, rail and road
Wide diversity of tourism assets such as beaches, scenic & wildlife destinations, cultural and
religious, backwaters etc with scope for development of specialised sub-circuits based on specific
tourism assets :
o Important beach destinations- Bekal, Kozhikode, Kappad, Beypore, Muzhuppilangad,
Payyambalam, Dharmadam
o Hill stations & scenic spots- Tidal mouth of the Bharathapuzha, Nilambur, Tusharagiri
waterfalls, Kakkayam, Peruvannamoozhi, Pookot lake, Soochipara waterfalls,
Kuruvadweep, Pythal Mala, Pazhassi dam, Ranipuram
o Wild life sanctuaries & bird sanctuaries Kadalundi, Muthanga wild life sanctuary,
Begur wild life sanctuary, Aralam wild life sanctuary
o Backwaters Valiyaparamba backwaters
o Historical monuments Edakkal caves, St. Anjelos fort, Thalassery fort, Bekal fort,
Arakkal palace etc
o Religious - a number of ancient hindu temples and mosques are located in this circuit
which are important for Domestic Tourists
o Cultural- destinations such as the Thunchan Parambu, Jain temples in Wayanad etc
Good road connectivity between Kozhikode and most of the tourism destinations with signages
provided to all important tourism destinations
relatively well developed private tourism sector in terms of tour operators, private taxis and
accommodation facilities around the major hub (Kozhikode) and support hubs such as Kalpetta,
Kannur & Kasargode / Bekal
Established network of DTPCs in the main district headquarters for coordination of tourism
development and providing tourist information
Strategic tourism development initiatives in destinations such as Bekal for creating new tourism
infrastructure assets.
Weaknesses
Lack of awareness regarding tourism destinations in north Kerala among International Tourists.
The destinations in Circuit 1, except in Wayanad & Bekal to an extent, cater mostly to Domestic
Tourists.
Distance of destinations in North Kerala from current tourism hubs around Kochi and Trivandrum
Limited connectivity between Kozhikode airport and airports in Europe and the US. Most of the
International flight connections operate to airports in the Arabian Peninsula.

Page | 52
Need for better coordination of tourism development between the owner departments and DoT for
tourism sites. This is an important requirement given that many of the tourism destinations come
under the KSEB, forest, irrigation and revenue departments
Need for improving the tourism amenities and basic infrastructure in beach destinations in the
circuit. Some of the areas include up-gradation of existing beach parks developed by the
respective DTPC, improvement of parking facilities, provision of more toilets, more retail kiosks
and solid waste management.
There is heavy traffic seen on the roads connecting the tourism destinations which leads to
increase in travel time and congestion. In addition, the approach roads to destinations are most 1-
1.5 lane and also need more maintenance works.
In destinations such as Muzhuppilangad beach (only driving beach in Kerala), there is a need to
segregate the vehicular and pedestrian movement along the beach.
Lack of accommodation facilities near the tourism destinations away from the main urban areas
Need for provision of good public convenience facilities both on route to the destinations and
within the tourism destinations
Need for better visitor circulation control in destinations such as the Edakkal caves. Currently
entry and exits are through the same routes, leading to congestion. This can be an issue for
evacuation during emergencies. In addition, there were some perceived issues with respect to
visitor management in some of the destinations located in the forest areas. For example the
Kuruvadweep destination was closed during the time of the site visits due to the deaths of two
visitors and associated safety checks being conducted.
Opportunities
Potential for development of established beaches such as Kappad (with its historical association
with Vasco Da Gama), Kozhikode, Beypore, Payyambalam by improvement in basic amenities
and development of water sports in appropriate locations near the beaches.
Development of the Sarovaram Bio-Park (Kottoli urban wetlands) of around 200 acres, located
near the Kozhikode city centre with facilities including canal walkway, boatway bird sanctuary,
mangrove bio-reserve etc.
Potential for development of destinations along the coastline of Kozhikode and Malappuram
district extending from Ponnani to Kozhikode. This stretch has a combination of religious,
historical and beach destinations along the NH-66 / the Tirur-Kadalundi road.
Promotion of home stays and accommodation facilities for Domestic Tourists visiting the temples
along the above stretch. This would help attract Domestic Tourists interested in religious tourism,
from outside the current catchment area inside Kerala.
There are a number of undeveloped beach destinations along the stretch from Ponnani to
Kozhikode which may be identified for development.

Page | 53
Based on discussions with officials of DTPC Malappuram, it is understood that are lands under
the fisheries department earmarked for hatcheries along the Ponnani-Kozhikode stretch, which are
currently lying fallow. It has been proposed that some of this land could be used for tourism
development. However this needs to be explored in more detail through discussions between the
DoT and department of fisheries before any identification of land and potential projects can be
done.
potential for development of the stretch of the Canoli canal between Kadalundi and Veliyamgode
& the stretch between the Korapuzha and Kallai rivers which runs through Kozhikode as a
waterway for tourists
Promotion of the destinations such as Kadalundi and Vallikunnu comprising mangrove forests
and bird sanctuaries.
Develop infrastructure in under-developed scenic destinations & dam sites such as Kakkayam,
Kattumala and Karappuzha.
Development and regulation of Muzhuppilangad beach (only drive-in beach in Kerala) and
promote events based on the uniqueness of the beach in areas which are segregated for vehicles to
drive on.
Promotion of unique cultural art forms such as Theyyam which are of interest to International
Tourists and institutions such as Thunchan Parambu & Arakkal Palace.
Promoting and enhancing the existing backwater cruises operating on the Valiyaparamba
backwaters by enhancing infrastructure at the current boat jetty facilities operated by BRDC
Promote the development of city tours in major destinations such as Kozhikode, Kannur, etc.
Development of adventure & trekking activities in identified areas near the hill stations, forest
areas etc based on coordination between the DoT and government agencies such as KSEB, forest,
irrigation and revenue departments.
Threats
North Kerala, despite its tourism assets, contributes only around 22percent of the total tourism
traffic to Kerala. This is due to the concentration of tourist inflows into central and southern
Kerala. In the absence of a strategic thrust to both marketing and infrastructure development, this
situation would be expected to continue.
Availability of adequate tourism manpower is a critical concern expressed by private players
operating away from main urban areas (in destinations such as Bekal).
Need to manage the increase in tourists visiting the beaches around the urban areas such as
Kozhikode and Kannur to prevent environmental degradation & waste management issue.
Need to manage expected growth in backwater tourism in the Valiyaparamba backwaters and
prevent environmental degradation as reported in the Vembanad backwater region

Page | 54
6. Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation & Funding
Based on the preliminary survey carried out for the Circuit 1 and discussions with the officials of the
DoT, a process of identification of proposed projects has been carried out. The list of projects has
been developed based on the felt infrastructure needs for the major tourism destinations in Circuit
1and indicative estimates have been worked out for the preliminary block costs. It may be noted that
the estimated figures are indicative in nature and would be subject to change post more detailed
studies & assessments. The key projects identified for the Circuit 1along with indicative costs,
proposed implementing agency and possible mode of funding are summarised in the Table 27Error!
eference source not found..
Table 27: Project Identification, Block Cost Estimate, Implementation and Funding
Location Project Indicative
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Kozhikode District
Vadakara sand
banks beach
Development of
Tourism Information
Centre
0.2 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Provision of public
conveniences / e-toilets
(5) and changing rooms
Life guards watch tower
and cabin
Drinking water facility 0.05 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Solid waste
management and
collection of waste on
beach
Upgrading kiosks for
food and beverages in
the area managed by the
municipal corporation
Lighting 0.5 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Signage 0.05 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Kappad beach Provision of public
Development of tourist
information centre
and cabin
Solid waste
management and
beach

Page | 55
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Kiosks for food and
beverages
Upgrading parking
facilities
Kozhikode beach Provision of public
(10) and changing
rooms
and cabin
Solid waste
management and
beach
S.M. Street,
Kozhikode
Development of
pedestrian street
5 DoT Public MoT
Improvement of facade
and environment
5 DoT Public MoT
Provision of public
convenience / e-toilets
(2)
Lighting 2 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Canoly Canal Connecting Canoly
canal to Kappad and
development of tourism
facilities
15 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Beypore Drinking water facility 0.05 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Provision of public
(10) and changing
rooms
Solid waste
management and
beach
and cabins

Page | 56
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Speed boat rides & para
sailing on the lines of
beaches of Goa by
private operators
2 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Kadalundi Trekking trails near the
mangroves
0.1 DoT / Dept of
forest
Public MoT / GoK
Tower for bird
watching
Boating activities on the
side away from the bird
sanctuary towards the
tidal mouth
2 DoT / Dept of
forest
PPP MoT / GoK
Provision of seating and
pedestrian pathways in
sunset point below the
Kadalundi bridge
Hot air balloon for
aerial view of tidal
mouth and the bird
sanctuary
1.5 DoT / Dept of
forest
PPP MoT / GoK
Provision of public
(5)
0.3 DoT / Dept of
forest
Public MoT / GoK
Sarovaram
Biopark
Development of
proposed bio-park with
tourist facilities, bird
sanctuary, aquarium,
boating facilities,
interpretation centre etc
Kakkayam Improvement of 3 km
single lane road from
main highway
0.5 PWD Public GoK
Development of
parking space in 0.1
acres
0.2 DoT PPP GoK
Up-gradation of
existing tourism
information centre
Provision of kiosks for
food and beverages
0.1 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Provision of public
convenience / e-toilets
(2)

Page | 57
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Pedestrian walkway and
landscaping at view
points
Development of
trekking trails along
selected routes
0.2 DoT / Dept of
forest
Public MoT / GoK
Peruvannamoozhi
dam
Improvement of
approach road of 2 km
to dam site
0.3 Dept of irrigation /
DoT
Public GoK
Kuttichira Cleaning and
restoration of pond and
surroundings
Construction of granite
paved pathways, paved
yards around mosque
Lighting 1.5 DoT Public GoK
Conservation of
mosque and
surrounding heritage
structures
Thusharagiri falls Development of eco-
lodges with 20 rooms
2 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Development of
caravan park
Development of
camping sites at 3
locations
Development of
hanging bridge at
Arippara
Iringal Craft
Village
Interpretation centre
and meeting hall
Craft resort with
accommodation
facilities for 40 persons
4 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Malappuram District
Ponnani Cultural centre with
library, museum in 1
acre out of the 7 acres
of identified revenue
land
2 DoT Public GoK

Page | 58
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Development of
cultural resort (min 20
rooms) with space for
performing arts, artisan
quarters (10),
restaurants, childrens
play area
commemorating the
history and culture of
Ponnani and Malabar in
6 acres out of 7 acres of
identified revenue land
10 DoT PPP

Thirunavaya Sound and light show &
martial arts
performance
commemorating events
such as the Mamankam
on the historical site on
the banks of the
Bharathapuzha.
Vandoor Development of
edutainment park
Karuvankundu Development of eco-
park and adventure
trails at Karuvarakundu
Malappuram Riverside boating
center with boating
facilities, childrens
play area, park, food &
beverage facilities etc.
Augumenting facilities
at Kottakunnu including
public convenience / e-
toilets (5), landscaping
etc
Beeyam Kayal Development of
Beeyam Kayal into a
water sports centre
Padinjarakkara
beach
Provision of public
and cabin
Solid waste
management and
beach
Upgrading kiosks for
food and beverages in
the area

Page | 59
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Kadampuzha
Temple
Pilgrim Facilitation
centre
Multiple Pilgrim Facilitation
centre (3 Nos) - centres
at important Mosques
such as Mumburum,
Valiya Juma Masjid,
Pazhayangadi mosque
etc
Waterway Improvement of
waterways and
providing tourist
facilities
10 Irrigation/DoT Public MoT / GoK
Chamravattom
regulator bridge
Development of Picnic
Spot at chamravattom
Wayanad District
Pookot lake Public conveniences
provided to be
enhanced through
means such as e-toilets
(5 nos)
Improvement of current
parking facilities
Renovation and
development of
walkways & street
furniture
Lighting and signage 1.5 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Watershed conservation 0.5 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Soochipara
waterfalls
Current parking space
to be up-graded and
enhanced
Edakkal caves Up-gradation of current
single lane road of
around 2 km
Erection of stainless
steel staircases along
alternative pathway for
exit from caves in
addition to current path
Karapuzha dam Up-grading current
single lane road of
around 3 km form main
highway
Provision of parking
space in around 1.5
acres of land
1 DoT PPP MoT / GoK

Page | 60
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Tourist Facilitation
centre with amenities
and Public
conveniences/ e-toilets
(5)
Development of
landscaped area with
seating facilities,
childrens play area &
equipments in the dam
site in around 1.00 acre
Development of
Convention and
performance centre
5 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Development of boating
facilities in the reservoir
along with jetty
Provision of kiosks for
food and beverages
Provision of signage in
the dam site
Waste management
including segregating
and disposal
Development of a
ropeway over the dam
site
2 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Development of
dancing fountain
Wayanad heritage
museum
Improvement and up-
gradation works
including non-
functional auditorium
and new audio-visual
equipment for movies
aimed at tourists. Other
improvements could be
2-3 kiosks for food &
beverages for tourists.
3 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Pazhassi Park at
Mananthavady
Development of theme
park at Pazhassi park
3 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Development of
heritage park at
Pazhassi Kudeeram
Panamaram Development of ethnic
street with tribal
products, handicrafts
etc
Development of
convention facilities
4 DoT PPP MoT / GoK

Page | 61
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Banasura dam Development of tourist
facilities and water
sports facilities
Adventure
facilities
Development of
camping sites,
equipment, trekking
facilities, base camps
etc at adventure spots
in Wayanad identified
by the DoT & Forest
Department
3 DoT / Forest Public MoT / GoK
Kannur District
Muzhuppilangad
beach
Improvement of
approach road of 1.5
km
Provision of public
(5)
Up-gradation of current
information centre and
cafeteria
and cabin
Solid waste
management and
beach
Kiosks for food and
beverages
Upgrading parking
facilities
St.Anjelos fort Current approach road
to be improved
0.2 PWD Public MoT / GoK
Provision of public
(3) outside the fort
premises
Parking area expansion 0.1 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Kiosks for provision of
food and beverages
Training and capacity
building of guides
Sound and light show
focusing on history of
St. Anjelos fort
3.5 ASI / DoT Public MoT / GoK
Improvement of
approach road

Page | 62
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Provision of public
(3) outside the fort
premises
Payyambalam
beach
Improvement of
approach road of
around 2 km
Provision of public
(10) and changing
rooms
Solid waste
management and
beach
Meenkunnu beach Improvement of
approach road of
around 2 km
Provision of public
Pythal Mala Widening and
improvement of the
approach road of 2 km
0.5 PWD / DoT Public MoT / GoK
Expansion of parking
area to 0.5 acre near the
DoT resort
Pedestrian pathway
along selected stretches
of Pythalmala
Provision of public
(5)
Pazhassi dam Ropeway project across
the dam site (1 km
long)
15 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Arakkal palace Conservation of the
remaining portion of the
Arakkal palace in
addition to the current
portion
2.5 DoT / Dept of
Culture
Public MoT / GoK
Dharmadam
Island
Development of eco-
resort on island
20 DoT PPP MoT / GoK
Kasargode District
Bekal Tourism information
centre in 0.22 acres near
Bekal fort
0.25 BRDC Public MoT / GoK
Sound and light show
at Bekal fort
3 BRDC / ASI Public MoT / GoK

Page | 63
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Development of
cultural complex with
museum, library,
information center,
amphitheatre, space for
performing arts, sale of
ethnic products,
childrens play area etc.
3 BRDC Public MoT / GoK
Development of a
Tourism Interpretation
Centre cum Information
Centre at Bekal of
around 20,000 square
feet in 1.03 acres under
BRDC
2 BRDC or PWD Public MoT / GoK
Improvement and
development of
connecting roads from
SH-57 at Kottakunnu
junction and Pallikara
level crossing to the
Bekal fort area.
1 BRDC or PWD Public MoT / GoK
Improvement of NH-66
connecting Mangalore
airport to Bekal fort
area from Thalapady to
Bekal. Road length of
around 48 km.
28 NHAI / PWD Public NHAI / GoK
Waste disposal facility 1 BRDC Public MoT / GoK
Valiyaparamba
backwaters
Expansion of existing
houseboat terminal
facility for providing
parking for 16-20
houseboats. purpose
8 BRDC Public MoT / GoK
Ranipuram Up-gradation of
approach road of
around 10 km
2 PWD Public GoK
Provision of pedestrian
pathways
Tourist information
cum amenity centre
with public
(5)
Development of eco-
camps (10) for tourists.
Site needs to be
identified based on
discussions between the
DoT & department of
forests.
1 DoT PPP

Page | 64
cost in Rs.
crore
Implementing
Agency
Mode of
Funding
Existing
Schemes
Development of kiosks
for providing water and
food
0.2 DoT Public GoK
Development of
trekking trails along
identified routes in
Ranipuram
0.1 DoT/ Dept of
Forest
Public GoK
Kappil beach Public conveniences / e-
toilets (5) and changing
rooms
and cabin
Solid waste
management and
beach
Information signage 0.05 DoT Public MoT / GoK
Kiosks for food and
beverages
Up-gradation of parking
facilities
TOTAL

255.9 Cr.

6.1 Breakup of the Projects
The total preliminary block cost estimate for the infrastructure development proposed in Circuit 1 is
Rs. 255.9 crore. The breakup of the indicative project costs for the proposed projects in terms of
funding sources are summarised below:
Public sector Rs. 174.1 Crore
Private sector / PPP- Rs. 81.8 Crore

Page | 65
Table 28: PPP Bifurcation of the Identified Projects
cost in
Rs. crore
Implementing
Agency
Existing
Schemes
Public
Funding
Private
Investment
Kozhikode District
Beypore Speed boat rides &
para sailing on the
lines of beaches of
Goa by private
operators
2 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.5 1.5
Kadalundi Boating activities on
the side away from
the bird sanctuary
towards the tidal
mouth
2 DoT / Dept of
forest
MoT /
GoK
0.5 1.5
Hot air balloon for
aerial view of tidal
mouth and the bird
sanctuary
1.5 DoT / Dept of
forest
MoT /
GoK
0.375 1.125
Kakkayam Development of
parking space in 0.1
acres
0.2 DoT GoK 0.05 0.15
Provision of kiosks
for food and
beverages
0.1 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.025 0.075
Thusharagiri
falls
Development of eco-
lodges with 20 rooms
2 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.5 1.5
Development of
camping sites at 3
locations
1.2 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.3 0.9
Iringal Craft
Village
Craft resort with
accommodation
facilities for 40
persons
4 DoT MoT /
GoK
1 3
Malappuram District
Ponnani Development of
cultural resort (min 20
rooms) with space for
performing arts,
artisan quarters (10),
restaurants, childrens
play area
commemorating the
history and culture of
Ponnani and Malabar
in 6 acres out of 7
acres of identified
revenue land
10 DoT 2.5 7.5
Wayanad District
Karapuzha
dam
Provision of parking
space in around 1.5
acres of land
1 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.25 0.75
Development of
Convention and
performance centre
5 DoT MoT /
GoK
1.25 3.75

Page | 66
cost in
Rs. crore
Implementing
Agency
Existing
Schemes
Public
Funding
Private
Investment
Provision of kiosks
for food and
beverages
0.2 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.05 0.15
Development of a
ropeway over the dam
site
2 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.5 1.5
Wayanad
heritage
museum
Improvement and up-
gradation works
including non-
functional auditorium
and new audio-visual
equipment for movies
aimed at tourists.
Other improvements
could be 2-3 kiosks
for food & beverages
for tourists.
3 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.75 2.25
Pazhassi Park
at
Mananthavady
Development of
theme park at
Pazhassi park
3 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.75 2.25
Development of
heritage park at
Pazhassi Kudeeram
1.5 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.375 1.125
Panamaram Development of
convention facilities
4 DoT MoT /
GoK
1 3
Banasura dam Development of
tourist facilities and
water sports facilities
3 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.75 2.25
Kannur District
St.Anjelos
fort
Kiosks for provision
of food and beverages
0.1 DoT MoT /
GoK
0.025 0.075
Pazhassi dam Ropeway project
across the dam site (1
km long)
15 DoT MoT /
GoK
3.75 11.25
Dharmadam
island
Development of eco-
resort on island
20 DoT MoT /
GoK
5 15
Kasargode District
Ranipuram Development of eco-
camps (10) for
tourists. Site needs to
be identified based on
discussions between
the DoT &
department of forests.
1 DoT 0.25 0.75
Total 81.8
20.45 61.35
Within the Public Private Partnership projects 20.45 Crores can be facilitated from Public Funds and
61.35 Crores from Private Investments.

Page | 67
6.2 Employment Generation
The proposed investments at tourist destinations and circuit are expected to generate employment.
These employment figures have been estimated on a district level because of the direct and indirect
nature of employment generation from these investments. To estimate the number of employment
generated an investment multiplier of 78 jobs per million investments is taken. The employment
generation district-wise and due to projects proposed across districts in the priority Tourism Circuit is
presented in the Table 29:
Table 29: Estimated Employment Generation in the Circuit
Employment Generation
District Expected Employment Generation
Kozhikide District 48828
Mallapuram District 38142
Wayanad District 36348
Kannur District 36387
Kasarkode District 39897
Total Expected Employment Generation 199602

Page | 68
Annexure 1: Destination Tourism Clusters in Kerala

Page | 69
Annexure II: Tourist Infrastructure Assessment
1. Kozhikode- Malappuram Sub-Circuit
Route Kozhikode - Vadakara Kozhikode - Kappad Kozhikode - Peruvannamuzhi
Destination Vadakara Kappad beach Peruvannamuzhi dam site
Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks
Enroute Distance in km 48 18 53
En-route

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) B NH-66 connects Kozhikode
to Vadakara. Overall road
quality is good with patches
of the road where road
quality needs to be
improved. Traffic congestion
is an issue due to heavy
traffic on 2 lane road.
B NH-66 connects Kozhikode to
Kappad beach. Overall road
quality is good with patches of
the road where road quality
needs to be improved. Traffic
congestion is an issue due to
heavy traffic on 2 lane road.
B SH-38 connects Kozhikode to
Kakkayam with actual site
being accessed through a
narrow single lane road. Single
lane road is in dilapidated
condition with significant need
for up gradation.
Type of Road(metalled, unmetalled) Metalled Metalled Metalled
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) NH NH, SH,MDR MDR
Lanes 2 2 2 lane and single lane
Riding Quality (A-E) C C C
Enroute

Transport Modes Used by tourists Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, Kerala State
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC) and
private bus Buses.
There are plenty of private
bus services plying between
Kozhikode to Vadakara.
KSRTC also plies long
distance services which
connect Kozhikode to
Vadakara.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
and private bus Buses.
Mainly private bus services
plying between Kozhikode to
Kappad as well as auto
rickshaws.
Private taxis, private
buses and KSRTC bus
services
Bus services to the destination
are not provided. Hence tourists
mostly depend on personal
vehicles or taxis.

(more specific to
transport access to
tourist destinations from
various parts of city)
Availability (A-C) B B C
Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities & hotels
are available with a number
of budget restaurants
available throughout
B Wayside amenities, tourist
resorts & hotels are available
with a number of budget
restaurants available
throughout.
C Budget wayside amenities &
restaurants are available with
limited food options
Petrol Pump/ Service Centre
availability
B Sufficient facilities available
along the main road routes
and junctions
along the main road routes and
junctions
junctions
Public Convenience availability C The need is fulfilled mostly
by Public Conveniences
provided by private wayside
restaurants etc. Quality of
facilities is highly variable
ranging from good to very
poor.
C The need is fulfilled mostly by
Public Conveniences provided
by private wayside restaurants
etc. Quality of facilities is
highly variable ranging from
good to very poor.
C Limited facilities for public
conveniences in private
wayside amenities and
restaurants. Quality of facilities
is highly variable ranging from
good to very poor.
Enroute Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Sufficient signages are
available for the important
road routes and junctions in
mostly English, Malayalam
and some Hindi
B Sufficient signage are available
for the important road routes
and junctions in mostly English,
Malayalam and some Hindi
B Adequate signage available for
the important road routes and
junctions in mostly English,
Malayalam. Need for more
signages along the approach
road to destination.
(Inside the city to
directing the tourist
destinations)
Languages English & Malayalam English & Malayalam English & Malayalam
On Site Land ownership of the
Site
No specific site for
development
Public beach and
private beach resorts
Department of
Irrigation, Kerala

City/Town

Accommodatio Type Motel Aaram operated by
KTDC at Vadakara.

Private resorts & hotels
in Kappad , hotels in
Kozhikode
Current demand is catered to by
existing supply. However there
is a need for more quality
accommodation facilities for
high end tourists near Kappad
beach
Private home stays and
budget hotels near the
dam site
Destination is a day trip from
Kozhikode with limited demand
for accommodation. Potential
for more homestays / quality
accommodation for tourists.
Capacity C - -
Bed Occupancy C - -
Sufficiency (A-C) C B C
On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-C) C B Currently drinking water
facility is available in
C Currently drinking water
facility is only available from
Quality(A-C) B B B
Page | 70
Route Kozhikode - Vadakara Kozhikode - Kappad Kozhikode - Peruvannamuzhi
Destination Vadakara Kappad beach Peruvannamuzhi dam site
restaurants & resorts and
retailed packaged water.
restaurants and retailed
packaged water.
On Site Solid Waste
Management
A-C C C Due to increase in domestic
tourists, current facilities such
as bins and garbage collection
mechanism need to be up-
graded.
C Limited facilities other than a
few bins.
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject
to outages during the summer
AC, Gen
On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-C) B Parking facilities are available
at the beach and have been
upgraded recently

C Parking space available for
visitors.
Availability of Land for future
parking
Will have to be acquired Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
Will need to be provided by the
Dept of Irrigation or acquired.
Area of this land (approx) - - -
On Site/or in
City

Tourist Information
Centers
Available(Y/N) N Y There is a tourism information
centre with basic information
provided
Y There is a tourism information
centre present with limited
information. Trained guides
may not be required.
Quality (A-C) - C C
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) E - -
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Languages English & Malayalam English & Malayalam English & Malayalam
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Quality (A-C) C

C C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) C C Inadequate facilities to cater to
current visitor numbers
D Inadequate facilities to cater to
On Site

Shops/ Kiosks

Sufficiency (A-E) C C

C
Quality (A-C) C C C
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Quality (A-C) C C D

Page | 71
Route Kozhikode to Kakkayam Kozhikode to Thusharagiri Kozhikode to Beypore
Destination Kakkayam dam site Thusharagiri waterfalls Beypore Beach
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) B Access by Kozhikode-
Mysore- Kolegal road. Two
lane road with patches of the
road where road quality
needs to be improved.
Approach road to destination
has worn down and needs to
be up-graded.
B Access by Kozhikode-
Approach road to destination
needs to be up-graded.

B Access by Beypore road.
Two lane road with
patches of the road where
road quality needs to be
improved. Traffic
congestion on the main
road.

Type of Road(metalled,
unmetalled)
Metalled Metalled Metalled
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) SH SH SH
Lanes 2 2 2
Enroute

Transport Modes Used by tourists Private taxis, private
buses and KSRTC bus
services
Bus services to the
destination are not provided.
Hence tourists mostly depend
on personal vehicles or taxis.
Private taxis,
private buses and
KSRTC bus
services
Bus services to the
destination are not provided.
Hence tourists mostly
depend on personal vehicles
or taxis
Private Taxis,
Auto rickshaws,
KSRTC and
private bus Buses.
bus services plying
between Kozhikode to
Beypore. In addition auto
rickshaws are also
available.
(more specific to transport access to tourist
destinations from various parts of city)
Availability (A-C) D C B
Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Budget wayside amenities &
C Wayside amenities &
hotels are available with a
number of budget
throughout
Centre availability
and junctions
and junctions
B Sufficient facilities
available along the main
road routes and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
E Limited facilities for public
restaurants. Quality of
poor.
D Limited facilities for public
poor.
D The need is fulfilled
mostly by Public
Conveniences provided by
private wayside restaurants
highly variable ranging
from good to very poor.
Enroute

Direction Signages
(Inside the city to directing the tourist
destinations)
Sufficiency (A-C) C C C Sufficient signages are
in mostly English,
Malayalam and some
Hindi

Languages English and Malayalam Adequate signage available
and junctions in mostly
English, Malayalam. Need
for more signages along the
approach road to destination.
English and
Malayalam
Adequate signage available
English and
Malayalam
On Site Land ownership of the Site KSEB ( Kerala State
Electricity Board) &
Department of Forests,
Kerala
Department of
Forests, Kerala
Beypore Port and
DTPC Kozhikode

City/Town

Accommodation

Type No accommodation facilities
available
No accommodation
facilities available
Hotels, resorts
and homestays
Current demand is catered
to by existing supply as the
destination is within the
Kozhikode urban area.

Capacity E D C
Bed Occupancy E D
Sufficiency (A-C) E D C
On Site

Drinking Water facility

Availability (A-C) E Limited options for packaged
drinking water facility
D Currently only packaged
drinking water facility is
Page | 72
Route Kozhikode to Kakkayam Kozhikode to Thusharagiri Kozhikode to Beypore
Destination Kakkayam dam site Thusharagiri waterfalls Beypore Beach
Quality(A-C) E available. D only available.

C restaurants & resorts and
retailed packaged water in
kiosks.
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C E No facilities available D A few bins around the first
waterfall
D Due to increase in
domestic tourists, current
facilities such as bins and
garbage collection
mechanism may need to be
enhanced.
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but
subject to outages during
the summer
On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-C) E Limited parking space
available.
C Limited parking space
available.

C
Parking facilities are
available at the beach and
have been upgraded
recently
future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired or set
aside by Dept of
Forests
Will have to be
acquired
On Site/or in City

Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) Y Tourism information center
is available with limited
information
Y Tourist information center is
available
N There is a tourism
information centre with
basic information provided
Quality (A-C) C C -
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) - -
On Site

Information Signages Sufficiency (A-C) D B C
Languages English & Malayalam

English &
Malayalam
-
On Site

Seating/ Resting

Sufficiency (A-C) E D

C
Quality (A-C) E C C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) E D C Inadequate facilities to
cater to current visitor
numbers
On Site

Shops/ Kiosks

Sufficiency (A-E) E D C
Quality (A-C) E D C
On Site

Street Lighting

Sufficiency (A-C) E D C
Quality (A-C) E D C

Page | 73
Route Kozhikode to Feroke Kozhikode to Kadalundi Kozhikode to Tirurangadi
Destination Tipus Fort Kadalundi bird sanctuary Tirurangadi
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) B Access by Kallai road from
Kozikode city center.
Heavy congestion on main
road.
B Access from Kozhikode by
Kadalundi road or NH-66
B The Access from
Kozhikode by NH-66
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) SH NH / SH NH
Lanes 2 2 2
Enroute

rickshaws, KSRTC)
and private bus
Buses.
bus services plying
rickshaws are also
available.
Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
There are private bus
services plying between
Kozhikode to Beypore.
Other modes are personal
vehicles or private taxis
Private Taxis,
Auto rickshaws,
KSRTC and
private bus Buses.
Kozhikode to Tirurangadi.
vehicles or private taxis. (more specific to transport access to tourist
Availability (A-C) B C C
Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities &
number of budget
throughout
C Wayside amenities & hotels
number of budget
throughout
Centre availability
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
D The need is fulfilled mostly
provided by private
wayside restaurants etc.
Quality of facilities is
poor.
mostly by Public
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Sufficient signages are
in mostly English,
Malayalam and some
Hindi
B Adequate signages are
and some Hindi
in mostly English,
Malayalam and some
Hindi
destinations)
Languages English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam

On Site Land ownership of the Site ASI Department of forest Private
City/Town

Accommodation

Type C Hotels, resorts and
homestays in Kozhikode
and around the destination
C Hotels, resorts and
homestays in Kozhikode and
around the destination
C Budget hotels and
homestays around
Tirurangadi town
Capacity C Current demand is catered
destination is in proximity
C Current demand is catered to
by existing supply as the
Kozhikode urban area. More
home stays and resorts to be
promoted to provide
accommodation for high
end tourists
C
Bed Occupancy
Sufficiency (A-C) C C
On Site

Drinking Water facility Availability (A-C) C Currently drinking water
C Currently packaged drinking
water is available
C Currently packaged
drinking water is available
Quality(A-C) C C C
Page | 74
retailed packaged water
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C D Currently no facilities
provided.
B Additional facilities required
to provide for increasing
tourist flow
D
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen AC, Gen AC, Gen
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-C) D Limited parking facilities C Currently people park along
the roadside.
D Limited parking facility
future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
On Site/or in
City
Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N Need for a tourist
information center
available
N
Quality (A-C) - B -
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) E - E
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-C) C B Adequate signage available C
Languages - - English & Malayalam -
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) C C

C

Quality (A-C) C C C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) D No facilities

E

D

Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C D C
Quality (A-C) C B C
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) B D

C
Quality (A-C) B D C

Page | 75
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) B Access by Kallai road from
Kozikode city center.
Heavy congestion on main
road.
B Access from Kozhikode by
Kadalundi road or NH-66
B The Access from
Kozhikode by NH-66
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) SH NH / SH NH
Lanes 2 2 2
Enroute

rickshaws, KSRTC)
and private bus
Buses.
bus services plying
rickshaws are also
available.
Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
Kozhikode to Beypore.
vehicles or private taxis
Private Taxis,
Auto rickshaws,
KSRTC and
private bus Buses.
Kozhikode to Tirurangadi.
vehicles or private taxis. (more specific to transport access to tourist
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities &
number of budget
throughout
number of budget
throughout
Centre availability
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
provided by private
wayside restaurants etc.
Quality of facilities is
poor.
mostly by Public
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Sufficient signages are
in mostly English,
Malayalam and some
Hindi
and some Hindi
in mostly English,
Malayalam and some
Hindi
destinations)
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam

On Site Land ownership of the Site ASI Department of forest Private
City/Town

Accommodation

Type C Hotels, resorts and
homestays in Kozhikode
and around the destination
C Hotels, resorts and
homestays in Kozhikode and
C Budget hotels and
homestays around
Tirurangadi town
Capacity C Current demand is catered
C Current demand is catered to
by existing supply as the
Kozhikode urban area. More
home stays and resorts to be
promoted to provide
accommodation for high
end tourists
C
Bed Occupancy
Sufficiency (A-C) C C
On Site

Drinking Water facility Availability (A-C) C Currently drinking water
water is available
C Currently packaged
drinking water is available
Quality(A-C) C C C
Page | 76
retailed packaged water
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C D Currently no facilities
provided.
B Additional facilities required
to provide for increasing
tourist flow
D
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-C) D Limited parking facilities C Currently people park along
the roadside.
D Limited parking facility
future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
On Site/or in
City
Tourist Information Centers Available(Y/N) N Need for a tourist
information center
available
N
Quality (A-C) - B -
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) E - E
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-C) C B Adequate signage available C
Languages - - English & Malayalam -
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) C C

C

Quality (A-C) C C C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) D No facilities

E

D

Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C D C
Quality (A-C) C B C
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) B D

C
Quality (A-C) B D C

Page | 77
Route Kozhikode to Tirur Kozhikode to Ponnani Kozhikode to Thirunavaya
Destination Tirur (Thunjan Parambu) Ponnani (Biyam Kayal) Thirunavaya

Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-C) B The Access from Kozhikode
by NH-66 with some
patches of road requiring up-
gradation
B The Access from Kozhikode by
NH-66 and Tirur-Kadalundi
road with some patches of road
requiring up-gradation.
B The Access from Kozhikode
by NH-66 with some
gradation
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) NH NH, SH NH, SH
Lanes 2 2 2
Enroute Transport Modes Used by tourists . There are private bus
services and KSRTC
Kozhikode to Tirur. Other
modes are personal vehicles
or private taxis. In addition
train services are available
between Kozhikode and
Tirur railway station
There are private bus services
and KSRTC services plying
between Kozhikode to Ponnani.
vehicles or private taxis. Auto
rickshaws can be used for local
conveyance from Ponnani town.
Nearest railway station at
Kuttipuram- 21 km
services and KSRTC
Kozhikode to Thirunavaya.
vehicles or private taxis.
Auto rickshaws can be used
for local conveyance from
Tirur town or Thirunavaya..
(more specific to transport
access to tourist
destinations from various
parts of city)
Availability (A-C) C C C
Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities & hotels
C Wayside amenities & hotels are
available with a number of
budget restaurants available
throughout
Petrol Pump/ Service Centre
availability
and junctions
junctions
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
poor.
D The need is fulfilled mostly by
good to very poor.
poor.
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Adequate signages are
and some Hindi
B Adequate signages are available
and junctions in mostly English,
Malayalam.
mostly English, Malayalam. (Inside the city to directing
the tourist destinations)
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
On Site Land ownership of the Site Thunchan Memorial
Trust
DTPC
Malappuram
Thirunavaya
temple trust

City/Town

Accommodation

Type

Budget hotels and homestays
around Tirur town. Higher
quality accommodation such
as hotels / homestays
required to target higher end
tourists
Department of
forest, DTPC
Budget hotels and homestays
around Ponnani town. Higher
quality accommodation such as
hotels / homestays required to
target higher end tourists
Limited accommodation
around Thirunavaya as
budget hotels and a small
number of homestays.

Capacity B B B
Bed Occupancy B B B
Page | 78
Route Kozhikode to Tirur Kozhikode to Ponnani Kozhikode to Thirunavaya
Destination Tirur (Thunjan Parambu) Ponnani (Biyam Kayal) Thirunavaya
Sufficiency (A-C) B B B
On Site

Drinking Water facility

Availability (A-C) C Currently retailed packaged
available apart from
restaurants and hotels
C Currently retailed packaged
available apart from restaurants
and hotels
C Retailed package drinking
water
Quality(A-C) B B B
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C B Adequate to meet current
visitors
D Facilities to be up-graded to
meet increased visitors
D
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen AC, Gen
On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-C) C Limited parking space which
may need to be increased if
visitor numbers rise
C Parking facilities available C Currently people park on the
roadside.
future parking
C Will have to be
acquired.
Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land (approx) Land may be
required to be
acquired

On Site/or in City

Tourist Information
Centers
Available(Y/N) Information centre and
guides are available for
visitors

Y Tourist information center
available
N
Quality (A-C) Y B -
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) - - E
On Site

Information Signages

Sufficiency (A-C) A B C
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
-
On Site

Seating/ Resting

Sufficiency (A-C) C D D
Quality (A-C) B D D
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) C Limited facilities to cater to
existing visitor numbers
D Facilities may be up-graded to
provide for more visitor
numbers
D
On Site

Shops/ Kiosks

Sufficiency (A-E) - C -
Quality (A-C) - C -
On Site

Street Lighting

Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Quality (A-C) C C C

Page | 79
Route Kozhikode to Kottakal Kozhikode to Kondotty Kozhikode to Vandoor
Destination Kottakal Kondotty Vandoor
Enroute/
Onsite
Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-C) B The Access from Kozhikode
by NH-66 with some patches
of road requiring up-
gradation
B The Access from Kozhikode by
Palghat- Kozhikode road with some
patches of road requiring up-gradation

SH The Access from Kozhikode
by SH 24 & 34 with some
gradation

unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) NH, SH SH and town roads SH
Lanes 2 2 2
Enroute Transport Modes Used by tourists Private Buses, Auto
rikshaw, KSRTC buses
Kottakal. Other modes are
personal vehicles or private
taxis. Auto rickshaws can be
used for local conveyance
within Kottakal.
Private Buses, Auto rikshaw,
KSRTC buses
There are private bus services and
KSRTC services plying between
Kozhikode to Kondotti. Other modes are
personal vehicles or private taxis. Auto
rickshaws can be used for local
conveyance within Kondotti. Kondotti is
also 6 km from the international airport
at Karipur
Private Buses, Auto
rikshaw, KSRTC
buses
Vandoor . Other modes are
personal vehicles or private
taxis.
(more specific to
transport access to
tourist destinations
from various parts
of city)
Enroute Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities & hotels
available with a number of budget
restaurants available throughout
D Limited number of wayside
amenities and budget
restaurants available.
Centre availability
and junctions
B Sufficient facilities available along the
main road routes and junctions
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
poor.
D The need is fulfilled mostly by Public
Conveniences provided by private
wayside restaurants etc. Quality of
facilities is highly variable ranging from
good to very poor.
good to very poor.
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Adequate signages are
mostly English, Malayalam.
B Adequate signages are available for the
important road routes and junctions in

(Inside the city to
destinations)
Languages English and Malayalam English and Malayalam English and
Malayalam
On Site Land ownership of
the Site
Kottakal Arya Vaidya
Sala
Pazhayangadi Mosque trust Vandoor sivan
temple trust

City/
Town
Accommodation Type Limited accommodation
around Kottakal as budget
hotels and a small number of
home stays. In addition the
Arya Vaidya Sala has
facilities for people receiving
ayurvedic treatment.
There is a KTDC budget hotel.
Otherwise limited accommodation
around Kondotti as budget hotels and a
small number of home stays. In addition
the Arya Vaidya Sala has facilities for
people receiving ayurvedic treatment.

Limited accommodation
around Vandoor as budget
hotels and a small number of
home stays.
Capacity C C C
Bed Occupancy C C C
On Site Drinking Water
facility
Availability (A-C) C Retailed package drinking
water
C Currently packaged drinking water is
available

water is available
Quality(A-C) C C C
Page | 80
Route Kozhikode to Kottakal Kozhikode to Kondotty Kozhikode to Vandoor
Destination Kottakal Kondotty Vandoor
Enroute/
Onsite
Parameters Components Rating Remarks Rating Remarks Rating Remarks
On Site Solid Waste
Management
A-C B B D Absence of SWM
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-C) D Currently people park on the
roadside.
C Limited space available for parking.

D Currently people park on the
roadside.

future parking
Will have to be acquired Will have to be acquired Will have to be
acquired
On Site/or
in City
Tourist Information
Centers
Available(Y/N) N N N
Quality (A-C) - - -
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) E E E
On Site Information
Signages
Languages English and Malayalam - -
On Site

Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Quality (A-C) C C C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) C C C
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) - C B
Quality (A-C) - C C
On Site

Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) C C C
Quality (A-C) C C C

Page | 81
Route Kozhikode to Nilambur
Destination Nilambur (Connolys plantation, Adyan Para waterfalls)
Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks
Enroute Distance in km 43
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) Metalled
Access from Kozhikode by SH 24 & 34 .

Type of Road(metalled, unmetalled) SH
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) 2
Lanes B
Riding Quality (A-E) C
Enroute

Transport

Private Taxis, Auto rickshaws, KSRTC and private
bus Buses.
There are private bus services plying between Kozhikode to Nilambur. Other modes
are personal vehicles or private taxis
(more specific to transport access to
tourist destinations from various
parts of city)
Modes Used by tourists B
Availability (A-C)

Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Wayside amenities & hotels are available along the route.
Petrol Pump/ Service Centre availability
B Sufficient facilities available along the main road routes and junctions
Public Convenience availability
C The need is fulfilled mostly by Public Conveniences provided by private wayside
restaurants etc. Quality of facilities is highly variable ranging from good to very
poor.
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C)
English and Malayalam Adequate signage are available for the important road routes and junctions in mostly
English, Malayalam and some Hindi
(Inside the city to directing the
tourist destinations)
Languages

On Site Land ownership of the Site Department of forest
City/Town

Accommodation

Type
C
C
C
Hotels, resorts and homestays in and around Nilambur
Capacity Current demand is catered to by existing supply as the destination is in proximity
Kozhikode urban area. More home stays and resorts to be promoted to provide
accommodation for high end tourists
Bed Occupancy
Sufficiency (A-C)
On Site Drinking Water facility Availability (A-C) C Currently packaged drinking water is available
Quality(A-C) C
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C C Additional facilities required to provide for increasing tourist flow
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-C) C
Limited parking facilities. In addition people park by the road side

Availability of Land for future parking Will have to be acquired
On Site/or in City
Tourist Information Centers
Available(Y/N) Y

Tourist information center is available
Quality (A-C) C
Trained Guides Availability (A-C) -
On Site Information Signages Sufficiency (A-C) B Adequate signage available in English & Malayalam
Languages -
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) C

Quality (A-C)
C
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) C
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) D

Quality (A-C) C
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) C
Quality (A-C) C

Page | 82
2. Kozhikode- Wayanad Sub-Circuit
Route Kozhikode - Lakkidi Kozhikode - Pookot lake Kozhikode - Soochipara waterfall
Destination Lakkidi Pookot lake Soochipara waterfall
60 83
En-route

Approach Road

Quality (A-C)
B
Kozhikode- Mysore-
Kollegal road connects
Kozhikode to Lakkidi.
Overall road quality is good
with patches of the road
where road quality needs to
be improved.
B
Pookot lake is located 3 km
from Lakkidi with approach
road off Kozhikode- Mysore-
Kollegal road.
B
Kozhikode- Mysore- Kollegal road
connects Kozhikode to the destination.
Overall road quality is good with
patches of the road where road quality
needs to be improved
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR)
SH SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute

Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
& KSRTC services plying
Lakkidi.
Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC and
private bus Buses.
between Kozhikode to Lakkidi.
From Lakkidi auto-rickshaws
or taxis are required to reach
Pookot lake.
Private Taxis, Auto
private bus Buses.
There are private bus services &
Kozhikode to Kalpetta or Lakkidi
destination. From the towns, taxis are
required to reach waterfalls. (more specific to
transport access
to tourist
destinations from
various parts of
city)

Enroute
Wayside
Amenities Restaurants availability
throughout.
restaurants are available with limited
food options

Centre availability
and junctions
junctions

Public Convenience
availability
C The need is fulfilled mostly
poor.
C The need is fulfilled mostly by
good to very poor.
C Limited facilities for public
conveniences in private wayside
amenities and restaurants. Quality of
facilities is highly variable ranging
Enroute
Direction
Signages Sufficiency (A-C)
B Sufficient signages are
and some Hindi
B Sufficient signage are available
English, Malayalam and some
Hindi
B Adequate signage available for the
mostly English, Malayalam. Need for
more signages along the approach road
to destination.

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English &
Malayalam
English & Malayalam English & Malayalam

On Site
Land ownership
of the Site
development
DTPC Department of Forest,
Kerala

Private resorts &
homestays
Requirement for more
accommodation facilities and
home stays to meet demand
Private resorts & homestays Requirement for more
Private resorts &
homestays
Requirement for more accommodation
facilities and home stays to meet
demand
Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
On Site Drinking Water Availability (A-C)
C Currently drinking water C Currently drinking water facility is
Page | 83
Route Kozhikode - Lakkidi Kozhikode - Pookot lake Kozhikode - Soochipara waterfall
Destination Lakkidi Pookot lake Soochipara waterfall
facility facility is available only available from restaurants and
Quality(A-C)
C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C C Due to increase in domestic
tourists, current facilities such
as bins and garbage collection
mechanism need to be up-
graded.
C Limited facilities other than a few bins.
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen)
AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject
to outages during the summer
AC, Gen
On Site Parking Sufficiency (A-C)
C C Parking space is available but
gets congested in peak season,
C Parking space available for visitors.

future parking
C Will have to be acquired Will have to be acquired Will need to be provided by the Dept
of Irrigation or acquired.

On Site/or in
City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y Y
There is a tourism information
centre with basic information
provided
Y
There is a tourism information centre
present with limited information..
Quality (A-C)
C C C
Trained Guides Availability (A-C)
- - -
On Site
Information
B

B

B

Languages
English &
Malayalam
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C)
B

C

C

Quality (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Public
Convenience Availability (A-C)
C D Inadequate facilities to cater to
D Inadequate facilities to cater to current
visitor numbers
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C
D D
Quality (A-C) C
D D

D

D

Quality (A-C) C D

D

Page | 84
Route Kozhikode to Chembra peak Kozhikode to Edakkal caves Kozhikode to Kalpetta
Destination Chembra peak Edakkal caves Jain temple
98 71
Enroute Approach Road Quality (A-C)
B
Kozhikode- Mysore-
Kollegal road connects
Kozhikode to Meppadi from
where peak is located around
11 km away. Overall road
quality needs to be improved
B
Kozhikode- Mysore- Kollegal road
connects Kozhikode to Kalpetta
from where destination is located
around 20 km away. Overall road
quality is good with patches of the
road where road quality needs to
be improved. Approach road is
narrow (1.5 lane) and requires up-
gradation
B
Kozhikode- Mysore- Kollegal
road connects Kozhikode to
Kalpetta

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
SH SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute

Private taxis,
private buses and
KSRTC bus
services
Kalpetta or Meppady. Need
to trek around 5 km from
Meppady to reach the peak
Private taxis, private buses
and KSRTC bus services
Kozhikode to Kalpetta. From
Kalpetta mostly depend on
personal vehicles or taxis
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
Kozhikode to Kalpetta. Other
modes include private taxis and
personal vehicles
(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)

Enroute
Wayside

Centre availability
and junctions
B Sufficient facilities available along
the main road routes and junctions
junctions

Public Convenience
availability
poor.
Public Conveniences provided by
private wayside restaurants etc.
Quality of facilities is highly
variable ranging from good to very
poor.
variable ranging from good to
very poor.
Enroute Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C)
B B A Sufficient signages are available
for the important road routes and

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations) Languages
English and
Malayalam
English and Malayalam Adequate signage available for the
important road routes and
signages along the approach road
to destination.
English and Malayalam
On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Department of
Forests, Kerala
ASI Beypore Port and DTPC
Kozhikode


Hotel, homestay and resorts

Hotel, homestay and resorts
Hotels, resorts and
homestays

Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
On Site Drinking Water Availability (A-C)
C Need to carry water on C Currently only packaged drinking D
Page | 85
Route Kozhikode to Chembra peak Kozhikode to Edakkal caves Kozhikode to Kalpetta
Destination Chembra peak Edakkal caves Jain temple
facility trekking trail water facility is only available.
Quality(A-C)
C B C Currently drinking water facility
is available in restaurants &
resorts and retailed packaged
water in kiosks.
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
B Plastic items are not allowed to be
discarded or taken up. Plastic
water bottles are taken up after
paying a charge and returned in
DTPC office.
D No facilities currently provided
AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject to
outages during the summer
C C Limited parking space available. C Parking on main road

future parking
Will have to be acquired Will have to be acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y
DTPC information center
provides guides and trekking
equipment
Y
Tourist information center is
available along with guides
N

Quality (A-C)
C C -
Y B E
On Site
Information
B

B

B
Languages
English &
Malayalam
English & Malayalam English, & hindi Malayalam signs could also be
provided

C

C

C
Quality (A-C)
C C C

On Site
Public
C C C

C

C
Quality (A-C) C C

C


D

D

Quality (A-C) C D

D

Page | 86
Route Kozhikode - Muthanga Kozhikode - Thirunelly Kozhikode - Begur
Destination Muthanga wildlife sanctuary Thirunelly temple Begur wildlife sanctuary
127 106
En-route Approach Road Quality (A-C)
B Kozhikode- Mysore- Kollegal
road connects Kozhikode to
Sultan Bathery from where
destination is located around 15
km away. Overall road quality is
good with patches of the road
where road quality needs to be
improved
B
Access by Kozhikode-
Mysore- Kollegal road from
Kozhikode.
B
Access by Kozhikode- Mysore-
Kollegal road from Kozhikode.

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
SH SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2 lane and single lane
D C C
Enroute

buses and KSRTC
bus services
Kozhikode & Sultan Bathery.
Need to depend on taxis or
personal vehicles to reach wild
life sanctuary
buses and KSRTC bus
services
between Kozhikode &
Mananthavady. Need to
depend on taxis or personal
vehicles to reach Thirunelly.
Private taxis, private buses
and KSRTC bus services
Kozhikode & Mananthavady. Need
to depend on taxis or personal
vehicles to reach wild life sanctuary.
(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) D C C

Enroute
Wayside
available with a number of
throughout
C Wayside amenities, tourist
throughout.
food options

Centre availability
junctions
and junctions

Public Convenience
availability
amenities and restaurants.
very poor.
poor.
B Sufficient signage are
and some Hindi
important road routes and junctions
in mostly English, Malayalam. Need

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and
Malayalam

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Department of Forest,
Kerala
development
Department of Forest, Kerala No specific site for
development
Department of forest,
Thirunelly temple trust
Department of Forest, Kerala
C

Budget hotel operated
by KTDC at Thirunelly

C

Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
D B D
On Site
Drinking Water
facility Availability (A-C)
C C Retail sale of packaged
drinking water and hotels/
restaurants
C
Page | 87
Route Kozhikode - Muthanga Kozhikode - Thirunelly Kozhikode - Begur
Destination Muthanga wildlife sanctuary Thirunelly temple Begur wildlife sanctuary
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C Restrictions on carrying and
dumping plastic and other
disposable items
C C Restrictions on carrying and
dumping plastic and other disposable
items
AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but
subject to outages during the
summer
AC, Gen
D Parking space available for
visitors
C Parking facilities are
available at the beach and
have been upgraded recently

future parking
Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y Information center of forest
department with limited
information. Guides are
available for conducted tours.
N Y Information center of forest
department with limited information.
Guides are available for conducted
tours.
Quality (A-C)
B - B
B - B
On Site
Information
B

B

B

Languages
English &
Malayalam
C

C

C

Quality (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Public
C Need to develop facilities C Need to develop facilities C Need to develop facilities

On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E)
C C C
Quality (A-C)
C C C
On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) D

D

D

Quality (A-C) D D

D

Page | 88
Route Kozhikode to Kuruva Kozhikode to Mananthavady Kozhikode to Kalpetta
Destination Kuruva Island Pazhassi Tomb Jain Temple
102 71
B
Access by Kozhikode-
B
Kolegal road. Two lane road with
patches of the road where road
quality needs to be improved.
Approach road to destination is
narrow with little parking space
available in front of the monument.
B
Kolegal road. Two lane road with

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
SH SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute Transport Modes Used by tourists
Private taxis,
private buses and
KSRTC bus
services
between Kozhikode &
Manathavady. Need to
depend on taxis or personal
vehicles to reach destination
which is 17 km from
Mananthavady.
buses and KSRTC bus
services
Kozhikode & Manathavady. The
monument located near the city
center can be accessed by auto
rickshaws.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
private bus Buses.
Kozhikode & Kalpetta. The
monument located near the city
center can be accessed by auto
rickshaws

(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) D C C

Enroute
Wayside
available along route
restaurants available along route

Centre availability
and junctions

Public Convenience
availability
poor.
amenities and restaurants. Quality
of facilities is highly variable
ranging from good to very poor.
poor.
B Adequate signage available
B Sufficient signages are available for

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and
Malayalam
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
No specific site
for development
Department of Forest, Kerala Trust ASI
Hotel, resort,
homestay
facilities

Hotel, resort, homestay
facilities
Hotels, resorts and
homestays
Capacity
C C C .
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Drinking Water
C C Currently only packaged drinking
water facility is only available..
C
Currently drinking water facility is
Page | 89
Route Kozhikode to Kuruva Kozhikode to Mananthavady Kozhikode to Kalpetta
Destination Kuruva Island Pazhassi Tomb Jain Temple
Quality(A-C)
C C C available in restaurants & resorts and
retailed packaged water in kiosks .
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
D Restrictions on carrying and
dumping plastic and other
disposable items
C A few bins around the first waterfall
.
C Due to increase in domestic tourists,
current facilities such as bins and
garbage collection mechanism may
need to be enhanced.
AC, Gen AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject to
D Parking space available for
visitors
C Limited parking space available. D

future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be acquired
or set aside by Dept of
Forests
Will have to be acquired Parking facilities are available at the
beach and have been upgraded
recently

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y DTPC conducts boating and
tours .
Y
Tourist information center is
available
N

No tourism information center. Only
basic information provided by ASI
signage present
Quality (A-C)
B B -
B - B
On Site
Information
B

B

C
Languages
English &
Malayalam
English & Malayalam -

C

C

C
Quality (A-C)
C C C

On Site
Public
C Need to develop facilities C C No facilities

C

C
Quality (A-C) C C

C

On Site Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) D

D

D

Quality (A-C) D D

D

Page | 90
3. Kozhikode Kannur- Thalassery Sub-Circuit
Route Kozhikode - Muzhuppilangad beach Kozhikode - Payyambalam beach Kozhikode - Meenkunnu beach
Destination Muzhuppilangad drive in beach Payyambalam beach Meenkunnu beach
93 83
En-route

Approach Road

Quality (A-C)
B NH 66 connects Kozhikode
to the beach which is 16km
from Kannur. Overall road
The approach road to the
beach off the NH is narrow
and requires widening and
up gradation
B
NH 66 connects Kozhikode
to the beach which is 2km
The approach road to the
beach off the NH is narrow
and requires widening
B
NH 66 connects Kozhikode to the
beach which is 12km from Kannur.
quality needs to be improved. The
approach road to the beach off the
NH is narrow and requires widening
unmetalled)
Metalled except for
access road to beach
Metalled Metalled
Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH NH NH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute

Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, Kerala
State Road Transport
Corporation
(KSRTC) and private
bus Buses.
Kannur. Beach can be
accessed by autos, local bus
service and private taxis.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
private bus Buses.
Kannur. Beach can be
accessed by autos, local bus
Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, Kerala State Road
Transport Corporation
(KSRTC) and private bus
Buses.
Kozhikode to Kalpetta or Lakkidi
destination. From the towns, taxis
are required to reach waterfalls.
(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) C B C

Enroute

Wayside Amenities Restaurants availability
throughout.
food options

Centre availability
and junctions
and junctions

Public Convenience
availability
poor.
poor.
B Sufficient signages are
and some Hindi
B Sufficient signage are
and some Hindi

(Inside the city to
destinations)
Languages
English &
Malayalam

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Public beach DTPC beach park DTPC beach park
Private resorts &
homestays
Private resorts &
homestays
Private resorts & homestays Requirement for more
accommodation facilities and home
stays to meet demand
Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
Page | 91
Route Kozhikode - Muzhuppilangad beach Kozhikode - Payyambalam beach Kozhikode - Meenkunnu beach
Destination Muzhuppilangad drive in beach Payyambalam beach Meenkunnu beach
On Site
Drinking Water
facility is available
facility is available
C Currently drinking water facility is
only available from restaurants and
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
D Due to increase in domestic
tourists, current facilities
such as bins and garbage
collection mechanism need to
be up-graded.
C Due to increase in domestic
tourists, current facilities
such as bins and garbage
collection mechanism need to
be up-graded.
D Due to increase in domestic tourists,
current facilities such as bins and
garbage collection mechanism need
to be up-graded.
Currently adequate but
summer
AC, Gen Currently adequate but
summer
AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject to
C C Parking space is available but
gets congested in peak
season,

future parking
Will have to be acquired Will have to be acquired Will need to be provided by the Dept
of Irrigation or acquired.

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in
City
Tourist Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y There is a tourism
information centre with basic
information provided
Y
There is a tourism
information centre with basic
information provided
N

Quality (A-C)
C C -
- - -
On Site
Information
B

B

B

Languages
English &
Malayalam
C

C

C

Quality (A-C)

On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C)
C C Inadequate facilities to cater
to current visitor numbers
C No facilities inside the park. need to
be developed


C

C

Quality (A-C) C C

C


C

D

Quality (A-C) C C

D

Page | 92
Route Kozhikode to St. Anjelos fort Kozhikode to Pythal mala Kozhikode to Parassinikadavu
Destination St. Anjelos fort Pythal mala hill station Parassinikadavu
150 107
B
fort which is 3 km from Kannur.
Approach road to fort is narrow
and needs to be widened.
B NH 66 connects Kozhikode to the
hill station which is 60 km from
Kannur. Overall road quality is
improved. Approach road is narrow
and needs to be widened. In
addition there is a 2 km trek to
reach the top of Pythal Mala
B
hill station which is 20 km from
Kannur. Overall road quality is good
with patches of the road where road

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH NH / SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Private Taxis,
Auto rickshaws,
Kerala State Road
Transport
Corporation
(KSRTC) and
private bus Buses.
Kozhikode to Kannur.
Destination can be accessed by
autos, local bus service and
private taxis.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
Kozhikode to Kannur. For accesing
the destination, taxis or personal
vehicles need to be used.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
Kozhikode to Kannur. Destination
can be accessed by autos, local bus

(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) C D C

Enroute
Wayside

Centre availability
junctions

Public Convenience
availability
very poor.
E The need is fulfilled mostly by
poor.
poor.
B B A Sufficient signages are available for

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and
Malayalam
Adequate signage available for
signages along the approach road
to destination.
English and Malayalam Adequate signage available for the
in mostly English, Malayalam.
Need for more signages along the
English and
Malayalam

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Department of
Forests, Kerala
Department of forest,
Department of revenue,
Department of Tourism
Temple trust
Hotel, homestay and resorts Hotel, homestay and resorts. Resort Hotels, resorts and
Page | 93
Route Kozhikode to St. Anjelos fort Kozhikode to Pythal mala Kozhikode to Parassinikadavu
Destination St. Anjelos fort Pythal mala hill station Parassinikadavu
developed by DTPC with 10 rooms. homestays
Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C D C
On Site
Drinking Water
C Retail packaged drinking water
facility is only available.
D Currently only packaged drinking
water facility is only available.
C Currently drinking water facility is
available in restaurants and retailed
packaged water.
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C Restrictions on carrying and
dumping disposables in the site
D No facilities currently developed . C No facilities currently provided
AC, Gen AC, Gen AC, Gen Currently adequate but subject to
C Limited parking space available. D Limited parking space available. C Limited parking space available.

future parking
Need to be
alienated from
military /
department of
fisheries land
adjacent to
approach road
or alienated from
respective government
department
Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y
ASI information center present
for providing information
N

N

Quality (A-C)
B - -
Y - E
On Site
Information
B

B

B
Languages
English &
Malayalam
C

C

C
Quality (A-C)
C C C

On Site
Public
E No toilet facilities D C

D

B
Quality (A-C) C D

B


E

B

Quality (A-C) C E

B

Page | 94
Route Kozhikode to Aralam wild life sanctuary Kozhikode to Pazhassi dam Kozhikode to Arakkal kettu
Destination Aralam wild life sanctuary Pazhassi dam Arakkal kettu
107 88
B
to the destination which is 63
km from Kannur. Overall
road quality is good with
improved. Approach road is
narrow and needs widening.
B NH 66 & Thalassery-Coorg
highway connects Kozhikode to the
destination which is 44 km from
improved. Approach road is narrow
and needs widening
SH

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH NH / SH/ town road SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
Kannur. Destination can be
accessed by local bus service
and private taxis.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
can be accessed by local bus service
and private taxis.
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
and private taxis.

(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) B B B

Enroute
Wayside

Centre availability
and junctions

Public Convenience
availability
poor.
poor.
poor.
B Adequate signage available
B Adequate signages are available for
Malayalam.
Malayalam.

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam English and
Malayalam
.

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Department of forest Department of Irrigation Arakkal Family Trust

Homestays and resorts
Homestays and resorts around the
destination. Inspection bungalow is
available at site for tourists.
Hotels, resorts and
homestays in Kannur.
Page | 95
Route Kozhikode to Aralam wild life sanctuary Kozhikode to Pazhassi dam Kozhikode to Arakkal kettu
Destination Aralam wild life sanctuary Pazhassi dam Arakkal kettu
Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Drinking Water
water

D Currently packaged drinking water
is available
available
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C Restriction on carrying and
dumping disposables
C B Maintained by government
AC, Gen AC, Gen AC, Gen
D Limited parking space

C Space available for parking.

D Parking facilities need to be
expanded and improved

future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be acquired Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
N

Y

Y

Quality (A-C)
- B -
C - C
On Site
Information
B

B

B

Languages
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam English and
Malayalam

C

D

C

Quality (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Public
C C C
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) E

C

C

Quality (A-C) E C

C


D

C

Quality (A-C) C C

C

Page | 96
Route Kozhikode to Ezhimala Kozhikode to Rajarajeswara temple Kozhikode to Gundert bungalow
Destination Ezhimala Rajarajeswara temple Gundert bungalow
112 72
Enroute

Approach Road Quality (A-C)
B
NH 66 connects Kozhikode to
the destination which is 34 km
quality is good with patches of
the road where road quality
needs to be improved..
B
to the destination which is 25
km from Kannur. Overall
improved.
SH NH 66 connects Kozhikode to the

unmetalled)

Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH, SH and town
roads
NH, SH and town roads SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute

Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
and private taxis.
Private Taxis, Auto
private bus Buses.
and private taxis.
D There are private bus services and
Kozhikode to Vandoor . Other
modes are personal vehicles or
private taxis. (more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)

Enroute
Wayside
are available with a number of
throughout

Centre availability
junctions
and junctions

Public Convenience
availability
good to very poor.
poor.
poor.
Malayalam.

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and
Malayalam
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam .

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
Indian navy Temple trust Private organization owning
the bungalow


Limited development as
ezhimala is under the Indian
Navy and falls within a
restricted area.

Budget hotels, homestays
around Kannur
Budget hotels, homestays
around Kannur

Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Page | 97
Route Kozhikode to Ezhimala Kozhikode to Rajarajeswara temple Kozhikode to Gundert bungalow
Destination Ezhimala Rajarajeswara temple Gundert bungalow
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
On Site
Drinking Water
C C Currently packaged drinking
water is available
C
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C C C
C C Limited space available for
parking.

D

future parking
Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City
Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
N

N

N

Quality (A-C)
- - -
- E -
On Site
Information

C

C

Languages
- -

D

C

Quality (A-C)
D C
On Site
Public
E C
On Site Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) -

C
C
Quality (A-C) - C
C

C

C

Quality (A-C) C C

C

Page | 98
Route Kozhikode to Thalassery fort Kozhikode to Overburys folly Kozhikode to Dharmadam
Destination Thalassery fort Overburys folly Dharmadam beach & island
69 74
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C)
B
to the destination which is
24 km from Kannur. Overall
improved.
B NH 66 connects Kozhikode to the
improved.
B
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH, SH and town roads NH, SH NH, SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C C C
Enroute

Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
services & KSRTC services
plying between Kozhikode
to Kannur. Destination can
be accessed by local bus
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
can be accessed by local bus
Private Taxis, Auto
Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC)
and private taxis.
(more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)

Enroute

Wayside
Amenities

Restaurants availability
Centre availability
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
poor.
poor.
poor.
B Adequate signages are available
for the important road routes and
Malayalam.
Malayalam.

(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam English and Malayalam .

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
ASI DTPC Private

Hotels, resorts and
homestays around Kannur
Hotels, resorts and homestays
around Kannur
. Hotels, resorts and homestays
around Kannur and the destination
Capacity
C C C
Bed Occupancy
C C C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C C C
Page | 99
On Site

Drinking Water
water

C Currently packaged drinking water
is available
C Not available except in local shops
on way to the destination
Quality(A-C)
C C C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C C C
On Site
Parking

Sufficiency (A-C)
C Parking facility needs to be
expanded

D Limited space available for
parking.

D Currently people park on the
roadside.

future parking
Will have to be
acquired

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City

Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
N

N

N

Quality (A-C)
- - -
- - -
On Site

Information
C

C

D

Languages
English and Malayalam English and Malayalam -
On Site

Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C)
C

C

D

Quality (A-C)
C C D
On Site
Public
D D E
On Site

Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) D

C

D

Quality (A-C) D C

D

On Site

Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) C

C

D

Quality (A-C) C C

D

Page | 100
4. Kozhikode- Kasargode Sub-Circuit
Route Kozhikode to Bekal Kozhikode to Ranipuram Kozhikode to Valiyaparambu
Destination Bekal fort Ranipuram hill station
Valiyaparambu backwaters Jetty and backwater cruise
site
189 143
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C)
B
to the destination which is
80 km from Kannur and 15
km from Kasargode. Overall
improved.
B NH 66 & SH38 connects Kozhikode to
the destination which is 101 km from
Kannur and 54 km from Kasargode.
Road has bad stretches requiring repair
work on route. Main road is up to
Panathady from where jeep and taxi
services are required to reach Ranipuram
along a narrow curving approach road
up hill.
SH
Kannur and 35 km from Kasargode.
quality needs to be improved
unmetalled)
Typology (NH/SH/
MDR)
NH, SH NH, SH SH
Lanes
2 2 2
C D C
Enroute

Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
services & KSRTC services
plying between Kozhikode
to Kannur. Destination can
be accessed by local bus
Private Taxis, Auto
rickshaws, KSRTC
and private bus
Buses.
There are private bus services & KSRTC
services plying between Kozhikode to
Kanhangad and Kanhangad to
Panathady. From Panathady, jeep
services are required.
Private Taxis, Auto
private bus Buses.
Kozhikode to Kansargod.
Destination can be accessed by local
bus service and private taxis. (more specific to
transport access to
from various parts
of city)
Availability (A-C) C D C

Enroute

Wayside
Amenities

Restaurants availability
C Limited number of wayside amenities
and budget restaurants available
Centre availability
and junctions
Public Convenience
availability
poor.
D The need is fulfilled mostly by Public
Conveniences provided by private
wayside restaurants etc. Quality of
facilities is highly variable ranging from
good to very poor.
poor.
Enroute

Direction Signages Sufficiency (A-C)
B Adequate signages are available for the
Malayalam.
(Inside the city to
directing the
tourist
destinations)
Languages
English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
English and Malayalam .

On Site
Land ownership of
the Site
ASI Department of
forests, DoT
Bekal Resort
Development
Corporation

City/Town

Accommodation

Type

Resorts and hotels are
available around
Potential for more
accommodation to develop
to meet the potential
Tourist cottages, a conference hall and
dining hall have been developed by the
DoT at an estimated cost of Rs. 3.25
Resorts and hotels are
available around Bekal,
Kasargode and

Page | 101
Route Kozhikode to Bekal Kozhikode to Ranipuram Kozhikode to Valiyaparambu
Destination Bekal fort Ranipuram hill station
Valiyaparambu backwaters Jetty and backwater cruise
site

Bekal, Kasargode and
Kanhangad
demand. crore. More accommodation facilities
need to be developed to promote tourism
Kanhangad.
Capacity
C D C
Bed Occupancy
C D C
Sufficiency (A-C)
C D C
On Site
Drinking Water
water and water from hotels
/ resorts

D Currently packaged drinking water is
available
available
Quality(A-C)
C D C
On Site
Solid Waste
Management A-C
C D C
On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-C)
C Parking facility available

C Limited space available for parking.

C Parking facility available

future parking
Will have to be
acquired
Will have to be
acquired
Land available with
BRDC

Area of this land
(approx)

On Site/or in City

Tourist
Information
Centers
Available(Y/N)
Y Tourist information center
available

N

Y

Quality (A-C)
C - C
C E -
On Site

Information
C

D

C

Languages
English and
Malayalam
English and
Malayalam
Limited signage English and Malayalam
On Site

Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C)
C

D

C

Quality (A-C)
C D C
On Site
Public
C Limited facilities in the fort
but neighboring DTPC
kiosks and other facilities
available outside the fort
C B
On Site
Shops/ Kiosks Sufficiency (A-E) C

D

C

Quality (A-C) C D

C

On Site
Street Lighting Sufficiency (A-C) C

D

C

Quality (A-C) C C

C

Page | 102
Route Kozhikode to Kappil beach in Kasargode
Destination Kappil beach
Enroute/Onsite Parameters Components Rating Remarks
Enroute

Approach Road

Quality (A-C) B
NH 66 & SH38 connects Kozhikode to the destination which is 80 km from
Kannur and 11 km from Kasargode. Overall road quality is good with patches
of the road where road quality needs to be improved. Approach road to beach
from main road is narrow and requires upgradation and widening.
Type of Road(metalled, unmetalled) Metalled
Typology (NH/SH/ MDR) NH, SH
Lanes 2
Riding Quality (A-E) C
Enroute Transport

Private Taxis, Auto rickshaws,
Kerala State Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC) and private
bus Buses.
There are private bus services & KSRTC services plying between Kozhikode
to Kasargode. Destination can be accessed by local bus service and private
taxis.
(more specific to transport access to
tourist destinations from various parts of
city)
Modes Used by tourists C
Availability (A-C)

Enroute

Wayside Amenities

Restaurants availability C Limited number of wayside amenities and budget restaurants available
Petrol Pump/ Service Centre availability
B Sufficient facilities available along the main road routes and junctions
Public Convenience availability
D The need is fulfilled mostly by Public Conveniences provided by private
wayside restaurants etc. Quality of facilities is highly variable ranging from
good to very poor.
B Adequate signages are available for the important road routes and junctions in
destinations)
Languages English and Malayalam

On Site Land ownership of the Site
City/Town

Accommodation

Type C
C
C
Hotels, resorts and homestays in and around Kasargode and Bekal
Capacity
Bed Occupancy
Sufficiency (A-C)

On Site
Drinking Water facility Availability (A-C) D
Currently packaged drinking water is available in nearby petty shops Quality(A-C) C
On Site Solid Waste Management A-C D Additional facilities required to provide for increasing tourist flow
On Site Electricity Supply (AC, Gen) AC, Gen
On Site

Parking

Sufficiency (A-C) C
Limited parking facilities. In addition people park by the road side

Availability of Land for future parking Will have to be acquired

On Site/or in City

Tourist Information Centers
Available(Y/N) N

Quality (A-C) -
-
On Site

Information Signage Sufficiency (A-C) C

Languages
English & Malayalam
On Site Seating/ Resting Sufficiency (A-C) D

Quality (A-C)
D
On Site Public Convenience Availability (A-C) D
On Site Shops/ Kiosks
Sufficiency (A-E) D
Quality (A-C) C
On Site

Street Lighting
Sufficiency (A-C) D
Quality (A-C) D
Page | 103

Identification of Tourism Circuits Across India: Interim Report Kerala

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