09 (Anal Add Math CD)

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9
Pembezaan
9
1. (a) had
x 1 (3x 2) = 3(1) 2

=1
1
4
4
2. Kecerunan perentas AB =
1
2
2
1
4 +
4

=
1
2
2
15
2

=
4
5
3

=
2
5
5
=
(b) had
x 4
2x 1
2(4) 1
5

=
7
(x 3)(x + 3)
x2 9
(c) had
= had
x 3
x 3
x3
(x 3)
had

= x 3 (x + 3)

=3+3

=6
(x 1)(x 2)
x2 3x + 2
had
(d) x 1 = had
x 1
(x 1)
x1
had

= x 1 (x 2)

=12

= 1
2x
2x
x
had
had
(e) x
= x
4x 1
4x
1
1
1
x+3
= had
x 0
2
0
+
3
=
2
3
=
2
=1
4. (a)
y = 4x + 1............................. 1
y + dy = 4(x + dx) + 1.................. 2

2 1, dy = (4x + 4dx + 1) (4x + 1)
= 4dx
dy
= 4

dx
x(x + 3)
x2 + 3x
had
(f) had
x 0
2x = x 0
2x
3. Gantikan x = 2, y = a dalam y = x2 + 1,
a = 22 + 1
=5
52
Kecerunan perentas PQ =
2 (1)
= had
x
1
4
x
2
had
= x
40
2
=
4
1
=
2
dy
dy

= dhad
x 0
dx
dx

= dhad
(4)
x 0

=4

1 2
(b)
y = x2 4x............................................... 1
y + dy = (x + dx)2 4(x + dx)
y + dy = x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2 4x 4dx............ 2
2 1, dy = 2xdx + (dx)2 4dx

dy
2xdx + (dx)2 4dx
=

dx
dx
dx
dx
= 2x + dx 4
dy
dy
= dhad

x 0
dx
dx
had

= dx 0 (2x + dx 4)

= 2x 4
1 2
Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.
5. (a) Biarkan y = x3 + 2x.......................................... 1

y + dy = (x + dx)3 + 2(x + dx)

= (x + dx)[x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2] + 2x + 2dx

= x3 + 2x2dx + x(dx)2 + x2dx + 2x(dx)2
+ (dx)3 + 2x + 2dx

y + dy = x 3 + 3x 2d x + 3x( d x) 2 + ( d x) 3 + 2x
+ 2dx................................................. 2
8. (a) y = 8x2
dy

dx = 16x
dy
Apabila x = 1,
dx = 16(1)
= 16
9
(b) y =
x3
= 9x3
dy
4

dx = (3)(9)x
27
=
x4
dy
27

Apabila x = 1,
dx = 14

2 1, dy = 3x2dx + 3x(dx)2 + (dx)3 + 2dx

dy
= 3x2 + 3xdx + (dx)2 + 2

dx
dy
dy

= dhad
x 0
dx
dx
= 3x2 + 2
1 2
Maka, f(x) = 3x2 + 2

= 27
1
(c) y =
2x
1 1
= x
2
dy
1 2
= (1)

x
dx
2
1
= 2
2x
dy
1

Apabila x = 2,
dx = 2(2)2
1

=
8
(b) Biarkan y = 1 2x + 3x2. .................................1

y + dy = 1 2(x + dx) + 3(x + dx)2
= 1 2x 2dx + 3[x2 + 2xdx + (dx)2]
= 1 2x 2dx + 3x2 + 6xdx + 3(dx)2
y + dy = 1 2x 2dx + 3x2 + 6xdx + 3(dx)2. ..2
2 1, dy = 2dx + 6xdx + 3(dx)2

dy
= 2 + 6x + 3dx

dx
dy
dy
= dhad

x 0
dx
dx
= 2 + 6x
1 2
Maka, f(x) = 2 + 6x
9. (a) y = 4x2 3x + 5
dy
= 8x 3

dx
6. Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik A = 2(1)

=2
3
(b) y = 5x3 +
x 4
= 5x3 + 3x1 4
dy
= 15x2 3x2

dx
3
= 15x2
x2
2
(c) y = x5 2 + 1
3x
2
= x5 x2 + 1
3
dy
2 3
4
= 5x (2)

x
dx
3
4
= 5x4 + 3
3x
7. (a) y = 2x
dy
= 6x2

dx
3
(b) y =
x2
= 3x2
dy
= (2)(3)x3

dx
6
=
x3
3
1 2
x4
(c) y =
5
3
dy
4x
=

dx
5
1
(d) y =
6x
1 1
= x
6
dy
1 2
= (1)

x
dx
6
1
= 2
6x
10. (a) f(x) = 4x2 + 5x

f(x) = 8x + 5
(b) f(x) = 5x3 1
f(x) = 15x2
1 2
d
11. (a) (4x2 3x + 5)
dx

= 8x 3
d 8
(b)
4x + 3
dx x
d

= (8x1 4x + 3)
dx

= 8x2 4
8

=
4
x2
x
14. (a) y =
2x 3
dy
(2x 3)(1) x(2)
=

dx
(2x 3)2
2x 3 2x
=
(2x 3)2
3
=
(2x 3)2
1
12. (a) y = 8x2 x + 3
4
dy
1
= 16x

dx
4
x2 + 3
(b) y =
2x 5
dy
(2x 5)(2x) (x2 + 3)(2)
=

dx
(2x 5)2
4x2 10x 2x2 6
=
(2x 5)2
2x2 10x 6
=
(2x 5)2
2(x2 5x 3)
=
(2x 5)2
1
(b) y = x3 + 2
2x
1
= x3 + x2
2
dy
= 3x2 x3

dx
1
= 3x2
x3
1
(c) f(x) = x2 8x + 1
2

f(x) = x 8
4x 1
(c) y =
x2 + 1
(x2 + 1)(4) (4x 1)(2x)
dy
=

dx
(x2 + 1)2
2
4x + 4 8x2 + 2x
=
(x2 + 1)2
2
4x + 2x + 4
=
(x2 + 1)2
2(2x2 x 2)
=
(x2 + 1)2
13. (a) y = (4x 1)(3x2)

dy
= (4x 1)(6x) + (3x2)(4)

dx
= 24x2 6x + 12x2
= 36x2 6x
= 6x(6x 1)
(b) y = (1 2x)(4x + 3)
dy
= (1 2x)(4) + (4x + 3)(2)

dx
= 4 8x 8x 6
= 2 16x
= 2(1 + 8x)
15. (a) y = (2x 1)10

dy
d
= 10(2x 1)9 (2x 1)

dx
dx
= 10(2x 1)9(2)
= 20(2x 1)9
(b) y = (1 + 4x)7
dy
= 7(1 + 4x)6(4)

dx
= 28(1 + 4x)6
1
(c) y = 2x
x + 1 (1 3x)
= (2 + 2x)(1 3x)
dy

dx = (2 + 2x)(3) + (1 3x)(2)
= 6 6x + 2 6x
= 4 12x
= 4(1 + 3x)
(c) y = 2(x3 + 4)5

dy
= 5(2)(x3 + 4)4(3x2)

dx
= 30x2(x3 + 4)4
(d) y = 4(x 4)2

= 4(x2 8x + 16)
= 4x2 32x + 64
dy
= 8x 32

dx
= 8(x 4)
3
(d) y =
(2x + 1)4
= 3(2x + 1)4
dy
= (4)(3)(2x + 1)5(2)

dx
24
=
(2x + 1)5
1
(e) y =
4(x2 1)5
1
= (x2 1)5
4
dy
1
= (5) (x2 1)6(2x)

dx
4
5
= x(x2 1)6
2
5x
=
2(x2 1)6
(f) y = x3(2x 1)3

dy
= x3 3(2x 1)2(2) + (2x 1)3(3x2)

dx
= 6x3(2x 1)2 + (3x2)(2x 1)3
= 3x2(2x 1)2[2x + (2x 1)]
= 3x2(2x 1)2(4x 1)
1 2
17. (a) (i) y = 3x2 1

dy
= 6x

dx

Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (1, 2) = 6(1)

=6
16. (a) y = 3x(1 2x)5

dy
= 3x 5(1 2x)4(2) + (1 2x)5(3)

dx
= 30x(1 2x)4 + 3(1 2x)5
= 3(1 2x)4[10x (1 2x)]
= 3(1 2x)4(12x 1)

(ii) Persamaan garis tangen ialah

y 2 = 6(x 1)

y 2 = 6x 6
y = 6x 4
1

(iii) Kecerunan garis normal =
6

Persamaan garis normal ialah
1

y 2 = (x 1)
6
1
1
= x +
6
6
1
1
y = x + + 2
6
6
1
13
y = x +
6
6
x
(b) y =
(x2 4)3
= x(x2 4)3
dy
= x(3)(x2 4)4(2x) + (x2 4)3(1)
dx
= 6x2(x2 4)4 + (x2 4)3
= (x2 4)4[6x2 + (x2 4)]
= (x2 4)4(5x2 4)
5x2 4
=
(x2 4)4
x2 + 1
(c) y =
4x
2
1
x
= +
4x
4x
1
x
= + x1
4
4
dy
1
1 2
= x

dx
4
4
1
1
= 2
4
4x
1
(b) (i) y =
+3
x2
y = x2 + 3
dy
= 2x3

dx
2
=
x3

(d) y = (4x 1)(x2 3)4

dy
= (4x 1) 4(x2 3)3(2x) + (x2 3)4(4)

dx
= 8x(4x 1)(x2 3)3 + 4(x2 3)4
= 4(x2 3)3[2x(4x 1) + (x2 3)]
= 4(x2 3)3(8x2 2x + x2 3)
= 4(x2 3)3(9x2 2x 3)


y 4 = 2(x + 1)
y = 2x + 2 + 4
y = 2x + 6

(iii) Persamaan garis normal ialah
1

y 4 = (x + 1)
2
1
1
y = x + 4
2
2
1
7
y = x +
2
2
x2 + 3x 4
(e) y =
x+4
(x + 4)(x 1)
=
(x + 4)
= x 1
dy
= 1
dx
Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (1, 4)

2
=
(1)3
=2
(c) (i) y = 4(2x 1)3

dy
= 12(2x 1)2(2)

dx
= 24(2x 1)2

(b)
y = 1 3x x2................... 1
dy
= 3 2x
dx
dy
= 0,
dx

3 2x = 0
3

x =
2

= 24[2(1) 1]2
= 24


y 4 = 24(x 1)
y = 24x 24 + 4
y = 24x 20
3
Gantikan x = dalam 1,
2
3
3 2

y = 1 3
2
2
9
9
= 1 +
2
4
13
=
4
3 13

Maka, titik pusingan ialah , .
2 4

(iii) Persamaan garis normal ialah

1

y 4 = (x 1)
24
1
1

y 4 = x +
24
24
1
1
y = x + + 4
24
24
1
97
y = x +
24
24
dy
dx
dy
Lakaran
dx


= 2(2 2)2[1 2(2)]
=0
13
ialah titik maksimum.

1 2,
4 2
(c) y = x3 2x2 + 4........................ 1

dy
= 3x2 4x

dx


y 0 = 0(x 2)
y = 0

(d) (i) y = x(2 x)3

dy
= x(3)(2 x)2(1) + (2 x)3(1)

dx
= 3x(2 x)2 + (2 x)3
= (2 x)2(3x + 2 x)
= (2 x)2(2 4x)
= 2(2 x)2(1 2x)

2 1
dy
Apabila = 0,
dx
3x2 4x = 0
x(3x 4) = 0
4

x = 0,
3

(iii) Persamaan garis normal ialah x = 2
18. (a) y = 3x2 6x + 1....................................1

dy
= 6x 6

dx
dy

Untuk titik pusingan, = 0
dx

6x 6 = 0

x=1

Gantikan x = 1 dalam 1,

y=36+1
= 2
y=4
4

Gantikan x = dalam 1,
3
4 3
4 2

y = 2 + 4
3
3
64
32
= + 4
27
9
76
=
27
1 2
Maka, titik pusingan ialah (1, 2).

x
dy
dx
1 2
4 76
Titik pusingan ialah (0, 4) dan , .
3 27
dy
Lakaran
dx

(1, 2) ialah titik minimum.
Untuk titik (0, 4),
dy
dx
dy
dx
18
dy
Lakaran
dx
dy
Lakaran
dx
(0, 4) ialah titik maksimum.
4 76
Untuk titik , ,
3 27
dy
dx
Luas, L = xy...................................2
Gantikan 1 dalam 2,
L = x(50 x)
= 50x x2
dL
= 50 2x
dx
0 = 50 2x
x = 25
76
ialah titik minimum.

13,
27 2
y = 25
d2L
= 2 , 0
dx2
Maka, L ialah maksimum apabila x = 25 dan y = 25.
(d)
y = 2x3 + 6x.....................1
dy
= 6x2 + 6

dx

0 = 6x2 + 6
2

6(x 1) = 0
6(x + 1)(x 1) = 0

x = 1, 1
Luas maksimum = xy

= 25 25

= 625 unit2


y = 2(1)3 + 6(1)
= 2 6
= 4
20. Isi padu = 20 cm3

j2t = 20
20
t =
j2


y = 2(1)3 + 6(1)
= 2 + 6
= 4
Luas permukaan, L = 2j2 + 2jt

20
= 2j2 + 2j
j2
40

= 2j2 +
j
dL
40
= 4j

j2
dj
40

0 = 4j
j2
40

= 4j
j2
40

j3 =
4
10
=
7
= 10
22
70
=
22

Titik pusingan ialah (1, 4) dan (1, 4).
Untuk titik (1, 4),

x
dy
dx
18
dy
Lakaran
dx

(1, 4) ialah titik minimum.
(1, 4) ialah titik maksimum.
19. x + y = 50
y = 50 x.................................1
dy
Lakaran
dx

Untuk titik (1, 4),
j = 1.471
20
t =
j2
7 20
= 2
22(1.471)
= 2.941
dj
dj
dI
=
dt
dI
dt
1
= 2 (9)
4j
9
= 2
4j
9
=
4 32
1
= cm s1
4
d2L
80

= 4 +
j3
dj2
80
= 4 +
.0
1.4713
Maka, luas adalah minimum apabila j = 1.471 dan
t = 2.941.
25. y = 3x 1
dy
= 3
dx
dx = 2.01 2
= 0.01 unit
dj
21. = 0.1 cm s1
dt
L = j2
dL

= 2j
dr
dL
dL
dj
=
dt
dj
dt
= 2j (0.1)
= 2(5) (0.1)
= cm2 s1
dy
dy

dx
dx
dy
dy = dx
dx
= 3(0.01)
= 0.03 unit
26. y = x2 + 4
dy
= 2x
dx
22. y = x2 2x
dy
= 2x 2
dx
dx
= 8 apabila x = 3,
dt
dy
dy
dx

=
dx
dt
dt
= (2x 2)(8)
= (2 3 2)(8)
= 32 unit s1
dx = 1.9 2
= 0.1 unit
dy
dy = dx
dx
= 2x(0.1)
= 2(2)(0.1)
= 0.4 unit
dx
3.2 3.0
23. =
2
dt
= 0.1 cm s1
2
27. y =
x
= 2x1
dy
2
=
dx
x2
y = 3x2 1
dy
= 6x
dx
dy
=
dt
=
=
=
dy = 3.001 3
= 0.001 unit
dy
dx

dx
dt
(6x)(0.1)
(6 3.1)(0.1)
1.86 cm s1
Apabila y = 3,
2
x=
y
2
=
3
dI
24. = 9 mm3 s1
dt
4
I = j3
3
dI
=
dj
=
4
3j2
3
4j2
1
(b) y =
x2
dy
2
=

dx
x3
dx
dx

dy
dy
dx
dx = dy
dy
x2
= (0.001)
2
2 2
3
= (0.001)
2
= 0.00022 unit
1 2
1
1
=
+ dy
3.92
42
dy
1

= + dx
dx
16
1
1

= + (0.1)
16
32

= 0.06563
Apabila x = 3,
dy
= 2(3)
dx
=6
2
(a) 3.1 = 32 + dy
dy

= 9 + dx
dx

= 9 + (6)(0.1)

= 9.6
= x 2
1
dy
1 2
= x

dx
2
1
=
2AB
x
dx = 3.1 3
= 0.1
Apabila x = 4,
dy
1
=

dx
2AB
4
1

=
4
dx = 2.9 3

= 0.1

dx = 4.1 4
= 0.1
1
29. (a) y =
x2
y = x2
dy
2
=

dx
x3
Apabila x = 4,
dy
2
=

dx
43
1

=
32
(b)
1
1

=
+ dy
4.12
42
dy
1

= + dx
dx
16
31. (a)
dy
dx
1
= AB
4 + (0.1)
4
0.1
= 2
4
= 1.975
y = 5x3 + 4x + 1
dy
= 15x2 + 4
dx
d2y

= 30x
dx2
1
1
= + (0.1)
16
32
1
0.1
=
16
32
= 0.05938
1
= 2 + (0.1)
4
= 2.025
3.9 = AB
ABB
4 + dx

dx = 4.1 4
= 0.1
dy
4.1 = AB
ABB
4 + dx
dx
30. (a) y = AB
x
(b) 2.92 = 32 + dy
dy

= 9 + dx
dx

= 9 + (6)(0.1)

= 9 0.6

= 8.4
dx = 3.9 4.0
= 0.1
28. y = x2
dy
= 2x
dx
Apabila x = 4,
dy
1
=
dx
32
dx = 3.9 4

= 0.1
(b)
y = (4x2 1)5
dy
= 5(4x2 1)4(8x)
dx
= 40x(4x2 1)4
d2y

= 40x 4(4x2 1)3(8x) + (4x2 1)4(40)
dx2
= 1 280x2(4x2 1)3 + 40(4x2 1)4
(b)
y = 5 2x2 + 4x
dy
= 4x + 4
dx

4x + 4 = 0

x = 1
y = 5 2(1)2 + 4(1)
= 7
d2y

= 4 , 0
dx2

Titik pusingan (1, 7) ialah titik maksimum.
2
y =
x3
= 2x3
dy
= 3(2x4)
dx
= 6x4
d2y

= 24x5
dx2
24
=
x5
(c)
1
y = x3 2x2 + 50
3
dy
= x2 4x
dx
x2 4x = 0
x(x 4) = 0

x = 0, 4
1

Apabila x = 0, y = (0)3 2(0)2 + 50
3

= 50
1

Apabila x = 4, y = (4)3 2(4)2 + 50
3
64

= 32 + 50
3
1

= 39
3
d2y

= 2x 4
dx2
(c)
32. (a) f(x) = 4x3 1

f(x) = 12x2
f(x) = 24x
(b) f(x) = 5x2 + 4x 3

f(x) = 10x + 4
1
(c) f(x) = 3 5
2x
x3
= 5
2
3
f(x) = x4
2
12
f(x) = x5
2
6
=
x5
Untuk titik pusingan (0, 50),

d2y

= 4 , 0
dx2

Maka, (0, 50) ialah titik maksimum.
1

Untuk titik pusingan 4, 39 ,
3
d2y

= 2(4) 4
dx2

=4.0
33. (a)
y = 4x2 4x + 1
dy
= 8x 4
dx
8x 4 = 0
4

x =
8
1
=
2
1
Maka, 4, 39 ialah titik minimum.
3
1
(d)
y = x3 + x2 + 3x
3
dy
= x2 + 2x + 3

dx
x2 + 2x + 3 = 0
x2 2x 3 = 0
(x 3)(x + 1) = 0

x = 3, 1

1 2
1
y = 4 4 + 1
2
2
= 0
d2y

=8.0
dx2
1

Titik pusingan , 0 ialah titik minimum.
2

1 2
1 2
1
Apabila x = 3, y = (3)3 + 32 + 3(3)
3

= 9 + 9 + 9

=9
1
Apabila x = 1, y = (1)3 + (1)2 + 3(1)
3
1

=
+13
3
2

= 1
3
5

=
3
2
d y

= 2x + 2
dx2

Untuk titik pusingan (3, 9),
d2y

= 2(3) + 2
dx2

= 4 , 0

Maka, (3, 9) ialah titik maksimum.
5

Untuk titik pusingan 1, ,
3
d2y

= 2(1) + 2
dx2

=2+2

=4>0
5

Maka, 1, ialah titik minimum.
3
Diberi kecerunan garis normal pada x = 2 ialah

1
.
12
[ Kecerunan garis tangen pada x = 2 ialah 12.
dy
= 12 apabila x = 2
dx
12 = p(2) + k
2p + k = 12......................................... 2
2 1,

2
p = 12
3
= 8

Gantikan p = 8 dalam 2,
2(8) + k = 12

k = 12 16
= 4
[ p = 8, k = 4.
1
3. f(x) =
(2 3x)4
= (2 3x)4
f(x) = 4(2 3x)5(3)
= 12(2 3x)5
f(x) = 5(12)(2 3x)6(3)
= 180(2 3x)6
34.
y = x3 2x + 1
dy
= 3x2 2

dx
d2y

= 6x
dx2
d2y
dy

+ y = x3 8
dx2
dx
6x + 3x2 2 x3 + 2x 1 = x3 8

3x2 + 8x + 5 = 0

(3x + 5)(x + 1) = 0
5

x = , 1
3
f (1) = 180(1)6
= 180
4. dx = 1.9 2
= 0.1
Soalan Mirip SPM
y = 5x + x2
dy
= 5 + 2x
dx
dy
dy = dx
dx
= (5 + 2x)dx
= [5 + 2(2)](0.1)
= (9)(0.1)
= 0.9
d
1. [2x(4 3x2)4]
dx
d
d
= 2x (4 3x2)4 + (4 3x2)4 (2x)
dx
dx
= 2x 4(4 3x2)3(6x) + (4 3x2)4(2)
= 48x2(4 3x2)3 + 2(4 3x2)4
2. Fungsi kecerunan = px + k
dy
= px + k

dx
1
Oleh sebab (, 0) ialah titik pusingan,
2
dy
1
= 0 apabila x =
dx
2
1

0 = p + k
2
p
+ k = 0........................................... 1
2
5. (a) y = x2 + 3x 5
dy
= 2x + 3

dx
dy

Apabila x = 2, = 2(2) + 3
dx

=7
1 2
p
2p = 12
2
4p
p
= 12
2
2
3
p = 12
2
10
3
8. y =
x 2x
y = 3x1 2x
(b) dx = 2 + k 2
= k
dy

dy = dx
dx
= 7k
dy
= 3x2 2
dx
3
=
2
x2
6. y = (2x 1)2
dy
= 2(2x 1)(2)
dx
= 4(2x 1)
dy
3
Apabila x = 3, = 2
dx
9
7

=
3
dy
= 5
dt
dx
dx dy
=
dt
dt
dy
1
Diberi kecerunan garis normal pada titik A ialah .
2
Maka, kecerunan garis tangen pada titik A ialah 2.
dy
= 2

dx
4(2x 1) = 2
1
2x 1 =
2
1

2x =
2
1

x =
4
1
Gantikan x = dalam y = (2x 1)2,
4
2
1
y= 2 1
4
2
1
=
2
1
=
4
1
1
Maka, titik A ialah , .
4 4
1
I = h3 + 12h
3
dI
= h2 + 12
dh
dI
Apabila h = 3, = 9 + 12
dh

= 21
dI
Diberi = 7 cm3 s1
dt
dh
dh
dI
=
dt
dI
dt
1

= 7
21
1

= cm s1
3
dy
Untuk nilai minimum y, = 0
dx
14x 21 = 0
21
x =
14
3
=
2
3 3
(b) Nilai minimum y = 7 3
2 2
3
3

=7
2
2
63

=
4
1 21
1 21
10.
7. (a) y = 7x(x 3)
= 7x2 21x
dy
= 14x 21
dx
d2y

= 14
dx2

9. y = 4kx2 + 6x
dy
= 8kx + 6
dx
8k(3) + 6 = 10
24k = 4
4
k =
24
1
=
6
31 2 4
1 2
3
= (5)
7
15
= unit per saat
7
11
11.
14. (a) y = x3 4x2 + 5x 7
0.4 m
0.4 m
jm
hm
Biarkan j sebagai jejari, h sebagai tinggi dan I sebagai

isi padu minyak.
dI
dh
Diberi = p, = 0.1
dt
dt
0.4
j

=
0.4
h
= 1
Maka, j = h
1 2
I = 3 j h
1 3
h
I =
3
dI
= h2

dh
dI
dI
dh
=
dt
dh
dt
2
p
=
h
0.1

Apabila h = 0.2,
p = (0.2)2(0.1)
= 0.004
d
x1
12. = = f(x)
x+3
dx
1 1

= f(x)dx
2 0
x1 1
1
=
x+3 0
2
f(x)dx
1
=
2
1
1
= 0 +
2
2
1
=
6
dL
13. = 4 cm2 s21 dengan t ialah masa.
dt
dj
Kadar perubahan jejari, = 0.2 cm s21
dt
L = 4j2
dL
[ = 8j
dj
dL
dL
dj
Guna rumus rantai, =
dt
dj
dt
4 = s8jd s0.2d
j = 2.5 cm

Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 12
Penerbitan

Kecerunan tangen pada titik p(1,17)

= 3(1)2 8(1) + 5
= 16
1
[ Kecerunan normal pada titik P ialah .
16

(b) Persamaan tangen pada titik P

m1 m2 = 1
y y = m(x x1)

y (17) = 16(x + 1)

y + 17 = 16x + 16

y = 16x 1
dy
(c) Untuk titik pusingan, = 0,
dx

2
3x 8x + 5 = 0,

(3x 5)(x 1) = 0

5
x = , x = 1
3
5
Apabila x = ,
3
5 3
5 2
5
y = 2 4 + 5 7
3
3
3

4

= 5

27
5
4
[ B = , 5
3
27

dy
= 3x2 8x + 5
dx
11
01

1+3
0+3
dy
= 3x2 8x + 5
dx
d2y
2 = 6x 8
dx

5
d2y
Gantikan x = dalam 2 ,
3
dx

5
d2y
2 = 6 8
3
dx

= 2
d2y
Oleh sebab 2 . 0, maka titik B ialah titik
minimum. dx

s d
4 x2 + 2x2 2x
=
(4 x2)2

x2 2x + 4
=
(4 x2)2
x2 2x
1. had
= had
x 0
x 0 (x 2)
x

= 2
d x2 1
8.
dx x + 1
2x
2x
x
had
had
2. x 1 + x = x
1
+
x
x
2

= had
x
1
x +1
2

=
0+1

=2
1 2
1
d (x + 1)(x 1)
=
dx
(x + 1)
d
=
(x 1)
dx
=1
1
y = 5x3 + 2
x
y = 5x3 x1 + 2
dy
= 15x2 + x2
dx
d2y

= 30x 2x3
dx2
2
= 30x
x3
4. dy = 2xdx + 4dx2
dy
= 2x + 8dx
dx
dy
= dhad
x 0 (2x + 8dx)
dx
= 2x
10. f(x) = 2(3 . 4x)6

f'(x) = 6 . 2(3 4x)5(4)
= (48)(3 4x)5
f''(x) = 48 . 5(3 4x)4(4)
= 960(3 4x)4
5. y = 4x(x2 1)5
dy
d
d
= 4x (x2 1)5 + (x2 1)5 (4x)
dx
dx
dx
= 4x 5(x2 1)4(2x) + (x2 1)5(4)
= 40x2(x2 1)4 + 4(x2 1)5
f''(1) = 960(1)4
= 960
11. y = 2x(x + 3)
y = 2x2 + 6x
dy
= 4x + 6
dx
2
6. f(x) =
(1 4x)3

= 2(1 4x)3
Apabila x = 2,
dy
= 4(2) + 6
dx

= 14
f(x) = (3)(2)(1 4x)4(4)

24

=
(1 4x)4
24
f(0) =
1

= 24
12. y = 4x3 5x2 + 2x 10

dy
= 12x2 10x + 2
dx
dy
Apabila = 4,
dx
12x2 10x + 2 = 4
12x2 10x 2 = 0
6x2 5x 1 = 0
(6x + 1)(x 1) = 0
1

x = , 1
6
d x1
7.
dx 4 x2
d
d
(4 x2) (x 1) (x 1) (4 x2)
dx
dx
=
(4 x2)2

(4 x2)(1) (x 1)(2x)
=
(4 x2)2
9.
(2 x)(2 + x)
4 x2
3. had
= had
x 2
x 2
(x 2)
x2

= had
[(2
+ x)]
x 2

= 4
13
7
Gantikan x = dalam y = (2x + 5)2,
2
2
7
y = 2 + 5
2
=4
7
Maka koordinat titik ialah , 4 .
2
13. y = (4 3x)5
dy
= 5(4 3x)4(3)
dx
= 15(4 3x)4
31
Fungsi kecerunan ialah 15(4 3x)4.
1
14. y =
(1 + 2x)3
y = (1 + 2x)3
dy
= 3(1 + 2x)4(2)
dx
= 6(1 + 2x)4
18. y = 3(4x 5)2 + 6

dy
= 6(4x 5)(4)
dx
= 24(4x 5)
Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik dengan kecerunan
1
garis normal ialah 2.
2
Kecerunan pada titik (1, 1)

= 6(1 2)4
6
=
1
= 6
dy
= 2
dx
24(4x 5) = 2

1
4x 5 =
12
1

4x = 5
12
59
=
12
59

x =
48

15. y = (x 1)(x + 1)
y = x2 1
dy
= 2x
dx
= 2(1)
=2
59
Gantikan x = dalam y = 3(4x 5)2 + 6,
48
16. y = x + 4x
dy
= 2x + 4
dx
= 2(1) + 4
=6
2
2
59
y = 3 4 5 + 6
48
2
59
= 3 5 + 6
12
1 2
= 3 + 6
12
1
= 3 + 6
144
1
= + 6
48
289
=
48
31 2 4
1
Maka, kecerunan garis normal pada titik (1, 5) ialah

1
.
6
17. y = (2x + 5)2
dy
= 2(2x + 5)(2)
dx
= 4(2x + 5)
59 289
Maka, titik koordinat titik ialah , .
48 48
Diberi kecerunan garis tangen ialah 8.

dy
= 8

dx
4(2x + 5) = 8
2x + 5 = 2

2x = 7
7

x =
2
2 4
p
19. y =
+ qx 1.......................1
x2
y = px2 + qx 1
dy
= 2px3 + q
dx
2p
=
+q
x3
14
Diberi kecerunan garis tangen pada titik

(1, 3) ialah 14.
2p

+ q = 14
(1)3

2p + q = 14..........................2
Maka, persamaan garis normal ialah

1
y 4 = (x 0)
24
1

y = x + 4
24
Gantikan x = 1, y = 3 dalam 1 kerana titik

(1, 3) terletak pada lengkung 1,
p
3 =
+ q(1) 1
(1)2
3 = p q 1
p q = 2......................................3
23. y = x3 6x2 + 3
dy
= 3x2 12x
dx
Untuk garis tangen selari dengan paksi-x, kecerunan
=0
2 + 3, 3p = 12

p = 4
dy
Maka, = 0
dx
3x2 12x = 0

3x(x 4) = 0

x = 0, 4
4 q = 2
q = 6
Apabila x = 0,
y = 03 6(0)2 + 3
=3
20. y = 2x2 + ax + b........................1

dy
= 4x + a
dx
Apabila x = 4,
y = 43 6(4)2 + 3
= 64 96 + 3
= 29
Diberi kecerunan pada titik (1, 5) ialah 8.

4(1) + a = 8

a = 4
Maka, koordinat titik-titik ialah (0, 3) dan (4, 29).
Gantikan x = 1, y = 5 dan a = 4 dalam 1,

5 = 2(1)2 + 4(1) + b
b = 1
24. Gantikan y = 8 dalam y = x2 + 4x + 4,

8 = x2 + 4x + 4
x2 4x + 4 = 0
(x 2)2 = 0

x = 2
2
21. y =
x + 4x
= 2x1 + 4x
dy
2
=
+4
dx
x2
Maka, p = 2 dan q = 8.
2
Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (1, 6) =
+4
12

=2
25. y = x2(x 3) 1
y = x3 3x2 1..........................1
dy
= 3x2 6x
dx
dy
dx
3x2 6x = 0
3x(x 2) = 0
x = 0, 2
Persamaan garis tangen ialah

y 6 = 2(x 1)
y = 2x 2 + 6
y = 2x + 4
4
22. y =

(3x 1)2
= 4(3x 1)2
dy
= 8(3x 1)3(3)
dx
24
=
(3x 1)3
Gantikan x = 0 dan x = 2 masing-maasing dalam 1

Apabila x = 0, y = 1
Apabila x = 2, y = 23 3(2)2 1

= 8 12 1

= 5
Pada titik (0, 4), kecerunan garis tangen

24
=
(1)3
= 24
Maka, titik-titik pusingan ialah (0, 1) dan (2, 5).
1
Maka, kecerunan garis normal ialah .
24
15
26. y = px2 + qx + 4........................1

dy
= 2px + q
dx
dp
Apabila = 0,
dx
20x 3x2 = 0
x(20 3x) = 0
20

x = 0, x =
3
dy
= 0 pada titik (1, 5),
dx
2p(1) + q = 0
2p + q = 0

q = 2p.............................2
d2p
2 = 20 6x
dx
d2p
Untuk x = 0, 2 = 20 6(0)
dx
= 20 . 0
20 d2p
20
Untuk x = , 2 = 20 6
3 dx
3
= 20 40
= 20 , 0
20
Maka, untuk p maksimum, x = .
3
Gantikan x = 1, y = 5 dalam 1,
5 = p(1)2 + q(1) + 4
p q = 1........................................3
1 2
Gantikan 2 dalam 3,
p 2p = 1
p = 1

p = 1
q = 2(1)
= 2
27. y = x3 + 6x2 9x 2...........................1
dy
= 3x2 + 12x 9
dx
dy
= 0
Untuk titik pusingan,
dx

3x2 + 12x 9 = 0
Membahagi kedua-dua belah dengan, 3,
x2 4x + 3 = 0
(x 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 1, 3
29. y = (2x 1)3

dy
= 3(2x 1)2(2)
dx
= 6(2x 1)2
dx
Diberi = 2
dt
dy
dy dx
= .
dt
dx
dt

= 6(2x 1)2(2)

= 12(2x 1)2
Apabila x = 1,
dy
= 12(1)2
dt

= 12 unit per saat
Gantikan x = 1 dan x = 3 masing-masing dalam 1.

Apabila x = 1, y = 1 + 6 9 2

= 6
Apabila x = 3, y = (3)3 + 6(3)2 9(3) 2

= 27 + 54 27 2

= 2
30. h = xy
h = (1 2t)(1 + 3t)
dh
= (1 2t)(3) + (1 + 3t)(2)
dt
= 3(1 2t) 2(1 + 3t)
= 3 6t 2 6t
= 1 12t
Titik-titik pusingan ialah (1, 6) dan (3, 2).

d2y
= 6x + 12
dx2
d2y
Untuk titik (1, 6),
= 6(1) + 12
dx2

=6.0
Apabila t = 2,
dh
= 1 12(2)
dt

= 23
d2y
Untuk titik (3, 2),
= 6(3) + 12
dx2

= 6 , 0
1
1
1v
31.
u =
7
uv
1
vu =
7
7u 7v = uv
uv + 7v = 7u
v(u + 7) = 7u
7u

v =
u+7
Maka, titik minimum ialah (1, 6).

28. p = x2y dan x + y = 10

y = 10 x......................... 1
Gantikan 1 dalam p = x2y,
p = x2(10 x)
= 10x2 x3
dp
= 20x 3x2
dx
16
34. y = 2x2 + 3
dy
= 4x
dx
dv
(u + 7)(7) (7u)(1)
=
du
(u + 7)2
7u + 49 7u

=
(u + 7)2
49

= 2
(u + 7)
du
Diberi = 12,
dt
dv
dv du
= .
dt
du dt
49

= 2 12
(u + 7)
49

= 2 12
12
49

= unit s1
12
32. pv =
p =
Apabila x = 4,
dy
= 4(4) dan dx = 4.1 4
dx

= 16
= 0.1
dy
dy = dx
dx
= 16(0.1)
= 1.6
dy
1.6
100
100 =
y
2(4)2 + 3
1.6 100

=
35

= 4.57%
20
20
27
35. y =
x3
= 27x3
dy
= 81x4
dx
81
=
x4
Apabila x = 3,
dy
81 dan dx = 3.01 3
=
dx
34
= 0.01

= 1
= 20v1
dp
= 20v2
dv
20
=
v2
Apabila v = 2,
dp
20
=
dan dv = 2.01 2
dv
22
= 0.01

= 5
dp
dp = dv
dv
= (5)(0.01)
= 0.05
27
27 + dy
3 =
33
(3.01)
dy

= 1 + dx
dx

= 1 + (1)(0.01)

= 1 0.01

= 0.99
2
33. y =
x 5
= 2x1 5
dy
= 2x2
dx
2
= 2
x
4
36. y =
x2
= 4x2
dy
= 8x3
dx
8
=
x3
Apabila x = 2,
dy
2
=
dan dy = 1.9 2
dx
22
= 0.1
1

=
2
dx
dx

dy
dy
dx
dx = dy
dy
= (2)(0.1)
= 0.2
Apabila x = 2,
dy
8
=
dx
23

= 1

dx = 1.9 2
= 0.1
4 =
4 + dy
1.92
22
dy

= 1 + dx
dx

= 1 + (1)(0.1)

= 1 + 0.1

= 1.1
17
1
37. y =
x3
= x3
dy
= 3x4
dx
3
=
x4
dy
dy = dx
dx
17
= (0.02)
2
= 0.17

39. (a) y = 2t2 + 1, x = 1 2t

dy
dx
= 2
= 4t

dt
dt
dy
dy
dt
= .

dx
dt
dx
1

= 4t
2

= 2t
Apabila x = 1,
dy
= 3
dx
dx = 1.01 1
= 0.01
3
1
= 3 3
(1.01)3
(1.01)
1
1
1 + dy
= 3
13
dy
= 3 1 + dx
dx
= 3[1 + (3)(0.01)]
= 2.91
(b) Apabila x = 3,

3 = 1 2t
2

t=
2

t = 1
dy
= 2(1)

dx

=2
38. (a) y = 4t2 + t................................1

x = 1 2t
1x

t = ...............................2
2

Gantikan 2 dalam 1,
1x 2
1x
y = 4 +
2
2
(1 x)2
1
1
= 4 + x
2
2
4
1
1
2
= (1 x) +
x
2
2
dy
1
= 2(1 x)(1)

2
dx
1
= 2 + 2x
2
5
= 2x
2
4 1
40. (a)
y = x2 4x + 1
dy
= 2x 4
dx
d2y

=2
dx2
d2y
dy 2
+ y = 2x + 1
dx2
dx

2 + (2x 4)2 (x2 4x + 1) = 2x + 1

2 + 4x2 16x + 16 x2 + 4x 1 2x 1 = 0
3x2 14x + 16 = 0
(x 2)(3x 8) = 0
8

x = 2,
3

dy
= kx 5
dx
y + 7x 5 = 0

y = 7x + 5

ialah 7.
(b) (i)
(b) Apabila t = 2, x = 1 2(2)

= 3

Apabila t = 2.01, x = 1 2(2.01)

= 3.02

dx = 3 (3.02)
= 0.02
dy
Maka, = 7 apabila x = 1.
dx
kx 5 = 7

k(1) 5 = 7

k = 2

k = 2

dy
5
Apabila x = 3, = 2(3)
2
dx
5

= 6
2
17

=
2

1 2
18
1
(ii) Kecerunan normal =
7
(b)
L = 2x2 10x + 25
dL
d2L
= 4x 10,
=4.0
dx
dx2
4x 10 = 0
10

x =
4
5
=
2
Persamaan normal ialah

1

y 12 = (x + 1)
7
1
1

y = x + + 12
7
7
1
85

y = x +
7
7
5 2
5
Luas minimum = 25 + 2 10
2
2
25
50

= 25 +
2
2
25

= 25
2
25

=
2
41. (a) y = 2x 3 mempunyai kecerunan 2 pada titik P.

y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
dy
= 3x2 + 6x 7

dx
dy
= 2

dx
3x2 + 6x 7 = 2
3x2 + 6x 9 = 0
x2 + 2x 3 = 0
(x 1)(x + 3) = 0

x = 1, 3
1 2
43. (a)
Perimeter = 120

y + y + 8x + 2(60 9x) = 120
2y + 8x + 120 18x = 120

2y = 10x

y = 5x

Apabila x = 1,

y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
= 13 + 3(1)2 7(1) + 2
= 1 + 3 7 + 2
= 1

Apabila x = 3,

y = x3 + 3x2 7x + 2
= (3)3 + 3(3)2 7(3) + 2
= 27 + 27 + 21 + 2
= 23

1 2
Luas rajah
= Luas segiempat tepat ABCE + Luas CDE
1
2
y2 16xB
= 8x(60 9x) + (8x)(ABBBBBB
)
2
2
2
2
25x 16x
= 480x 72x + 4xABBBBBBBB
= 480x 72x2 + 4x(3x)
= 480x 72x2 + 12x2
= 480x 60x2
(b)
L = 480x 60x2
dL
= 480 120x
dx
d2L

= 120 , 0
dx2
dL

Apabila = 0,
dx
480 120x = 0

x = 4
Maka, koordinat titik P ialah (1, 1).
(b) Titik yang lain ialah (3, 23).

42. (a) Luas kawasan berlorek

= Luas OAB Luas segiempat tepat OPQR
1

= 5 10 xy
2

= 25 xy
Kecerunan AB = Kecerunan QA
10 0 y 0
=

x5
05

y = 2(x 5)

y = 2x + 10
Maka, x = 4 untuk luas adalah maksimum.
44. (a)
cm
10
S
10
y cm
cm
R
x cm

Maka, luas kawasan berlorek,

L = 25 x(2x + 10)
= 25 + 2x2 10x
M
16 cm

Dalam ABM,
AM2 = AB2 BM2
= 102 82
= 36 cm
AM = 6 cm
19
Oleh sebab ABC dan ASR adalah sama, maka

y
6x
=

16
6
16(6 x)
y =
6
8(6 x)
=
3

(b) (i)
dI
= 400 400x
dx
dI
= 0

dx

400 400x = 0

x = 1
d2I

= 400 , 0
dx2

Maka, I adalah maksimum apabila x = 1.

Luas segiempat tepat PQRS, L = xy

8
= x (6 x)
3
8
= x 16 x
3
8
= 16x x2
3
3
1
4
2

(ii) Nilai maksimum I = 400(1) 200(1)2

= 200
2x
46. (a) Tinggi kotak =
2
2x

Isi padu kotak, I = (x)(x)
2
x

= x2 1
2
1

= x2 x3
2
1
2
3
(b) I = x x
2
dI
3

= 2x x2
2
dx
8
L = 16x x2
3
dL
16
= 16 x
3
dx
d2L
16

= , 0
3
dx2
(b)
dL
Apabila = 0,
dx
16

16
x=0
3
16
x = 16

3

x = 3

8
Gantikan x = 3 dalam y = (6 x),
3
8

y = 3
3
= 8

10x cm
8x cm
4 d2I
4
Apabila x = ,
=23
3 dx2
3

= 2 , 0
1 2
Maka, isi padu adalah maksimum apabila

4
x = .
3
47. (a) Isi padu silinder = 81 cm3

j2t = 81
81

t =
j2
4j2
Jumlah luas permukaan, L = j2 + 2jt +
2

= j2 + 2jt + (2j2)

= 3j2 + 2jt
81

= 3j2 + 2j

j2

162
= 3j2 +
j

Isi padu pepejal, I

= Luas trapezium BC
1
= (8x)(10 8x + 10 2x) 5
2
= 20x(20 10x)
= 400x 200x2

EM2 = EF2 MF2
= 100x2 64x2
= 36x2
EM = 6x cm
EA = 6x + 10 8x
= (10 2x) cm

dI
Apabila = 0,
dx
M
(10 8x) cm
3
2x x2 = 0
2
3

x 2 x = 0
2
4

x = 0,
3
d2I

=
2
3x
dx2
d2I

Apabila x = 0,
=2.0
dx2
Untuk luas segiempat tepat adalah maksimum,

x = 3 dan y = 8.
45. (a)
I = 400x 200x2
1 2
20
(b) L = 3j2 + 162j1

dL
= 6j 162j2

dj
162
= 6j
j2
dL

Apabila = 0,
dj
162
6j
=0
j2
162

6j =
j2

j3 = 27

j=3

b+8
Kecerunan PA =
a4
b+8
= 2a 8
a4
b + 8 = (a 4)(2a 8)
= 2a2 16a + 32

b = 2a2 16a + 24....................................... 1
Gantikan x = a, y = b dalam y = x2 8x + 12,
b = a2 8a + 12.................................................... 2
1 = 2, 2a2 16a + 24 = a2 8a + 12

a2 8a + 12 = 0

(a 2)(a 6) = 0

a = 2, 6
d2L
324
= 6 +
dj2
j3
Apabila j = 3,
d2L
= 18 . 0
dj2
Maka, jumlah luas permukaan adalah minimum
apabila j = 3.
Gantikan a = 2 dalam 2,
b = 4 16 + 12
=0
b = 36 48 + 12
=0
Kecerunan tangen PA = 2(2) 8
= 4
48. (a) y = px2 4x + 1

dy
= 2px 4

dx
[ Persamaan tangen ialah

y 0 = 4(x 2)
y = 4x + 8

Apabila x = 4, kecerunan tangen ialah 0.

Maka,
0 = 2p(4) 4

8p = 4
1

p =
2
Kecerunan tangen yang satu lagi = 2(6) 8

=4
Persamaan tangen kedua ialah
y 0 = 4(x 6)
y = 4x 24
1
(b) Apabila x = 4, y = (4)2 4(4) + 1
2

= 8 16 + 1

= 7

49.
50.

y = x(x2 4)
y = x3 4x
dy
= 3x2 4
dx
d2y

= 6x
dx2
d2y
dy
x
+ = x(6x) + (3x2 4)
dx2
dx

= 9x2 4
Persamaan tangen ialah y = 7.

y
y = x 2 8x + 12
P(a, b)
0
P(a, b)
d2y
dy
x
+ , 0
dx2
dx

9x2 4 , 0
(3x 2)(3x + 2) , 0

A(4, 8)
Biarkan titik sentuhan antara tangen dengan lengkung

sebagai P(a, b).
y = x2 8x + 12
dy
= 2x 8
dx
Kecerunan tangen pada titik P ialah 2a 8.
2
2
Maka, julat ialah , x , .
3
3
21
dj
51. (a) = 0.3 cm s1
dt
1
= (2) (10)
2j
10

=
j
dp
10
Apabila j = 10, =
10
dt

= cm s1

6
Masa yang diambil =
0.3

= 20 saat

(b) L = j2
dL
= 2j
dj
dL
dL
dj
=
dt
dj
dt
dj
= 2j
dt
= 2(4)(0.3)
= 2.4
Luas permukaan sfera, L = 4j2

dL
= 8j
dj
dL
dL dI
= .
dt
dI
dt
dL dj
dI

=
.
.
dj
dI
dt
Luas berkurangan dengan kadar 2.4 cm s .

2
52. (a) x2y + 1 = 3y + x

x2y 3y = x 1

y(x2 3) = x 1
x1

y =
x2 3
(x2 3)(1) (x 1)(2x)
dy
=

(x2 3)2
dx
2
x
2x2 + 2x
=
2
(x 3)2
x2 + 2x 3
=
(x2 3)2
dp
(b) Diberi = 6 unit s1
dt
p = 3x + 2
dp
= 3

dx
1
= (8j) 2 (30)
4j
60
=
j
Apabila isi padu = 36,

4 3
j = 36
3
3
j3 = 36
4
= 27

j = 3
1 2
Kadar perubahan luas permukaan

60
=
3
= 20 cm2 s1
dx
dx dp
= .
dt
dp dt
1

= (6)
3

= 2 unit s1

55. (a)
dL
= 10 cm2 s1
dt
Luas, L = j2
dL
= 2j
dj
6 cm
10 cm j cm
53.
h cm
Gunakan sifat segitiga serupa,

j
h

=
6
10
6
j = h
10
3
j = h
5
Biarkan p sebagai perimeter,

p = 2j
dp
= 2
dj
dp
dp dL
= .
dt
dL dt
dp
dj
dL

=
dj
dL
dt
dI
54. Diberi = 30 cm3 s1
dt
4
Isi padu sfera, I = j3
3
dI

[ = 4j2
dj
1 2
22
Isi padu bagi ruang tidak berisi air,
1
1
I = 62(10) j2h
3
3
1 2
1
1 3 2
= (360) h h
3
3 5
1 2
1
9
= 120 h3
3 25
3
= 120 h3
25
3
= (1 000 h3)
25
1 2

(ii) T = 2.2 2.0
= 0.2
dI
dI
9
(b) = 10 cm3 s1, = h2
25
dt
dh
Apabila T = 2.0,
dl
2
=

20
dT

= 0.1
dh
dh dI
= .
dt
dI
dt
25

=
(10)
9h2
250

=
9h2
250

= 2
9 (2)
250

=
36
125

=
18

dl
l = T
dT
= (0.1) (0.2)
= 0.02

dj
(b) = 0.5
dt

Apabila j = 10,
4

Isi padu = (10)3
3
4 000
Paras tinggi air berkurangan dengan kadar

125
cm s1.
18
56. (a)
j cm
h cm
A

5 cm
5 cm
10 7.937
Masa yang diambil =
0.5

= 4.126 saat
Luas permukaan air, L = j2

= (52 h2)
= (25 h2)
2
(b) L = 25 h
dL
= 2h
dh
2 000
Separuh daripada isi padu asal =
3
4 3
2 000
j =
3
3
3
j = 500
500
j = 3ABBB
j = 7.937

j2 + h2 = 52

j2 = 52 h2
dh

dt
dL

dt

ABBB
l
T = 20
10
l
T2 = 400
10
T2
l =
40
dl
2T

=
40
dT
T
=
20
57. (a) (i)
58. (a) x + x + y + y = 24

2x + 2y = 24

x + y = 12

y = 12 x
= 0.1 cm s
dL dh
= .
dh dt
= (2h)(0.1)
= 0.2h
dL
Apabila h = 3, = 0.6 cm2 s1.
dt
Isi padu 1 unit kuboid = t t 1

= t2 cm3
Jumlah luas permukaan kuboid = 2t2 + 4(t 1)

= 2t2 + 4t
xy
Bilangan kuboid =
=y
2t2 + 4t
x = 2t2 + 4t
23
2.
4xy = y + x

4xy y = x
y(4x 1) = x
x

y =
4x 1
Jumlah isipadu kuboid, I = yt2

= (12 x)t2
= (12 2t2 4t)t2
= t2(12 2t2 4t)
= 2t2(6 t2 2t)
d
d
(4x 1)(x) x(4x 1)
dy
dx
dx
=

dx
(4x 1)2
(4x 1) x(4)
=
(4x 1)2
4x 1 4x
=
(4x 1)2
1
=
(4x 1)2
(b) I = 2t2(6 t2 2t)

= 12t2 2t4 4t3
dI
= 24t 8t3 12t2

dt
dI
Apabila = 0,
dt
24t 8t3 12t2 = 0
8t3 + 12t2 24t = 0
4t(2t2 + 3t 6) = 0

32 4(2)(6)
3 ABBBBBBBBB
t =
2(2)
y
3.
= (5 2x)4
x2
y = x2(5 2x)4
dy
d
d
= x2 (5 2x)4 + (5 2x)4 (x2)
dx
dx
dx
= x2 4(5 2x)3(2) + (5 2x)4(2x)
= 8x2(5 2x)3 + 2x(5 2x)4
= 2x(5 2x)3[4x + (5 2x)]
= 2x(5 2x)3(5 6x)
57
3 ABB
=
4
= 2.637, 1.137

Oleh sebab t . 0 untuk panjang, maka t = 1.137
d2I
= 24 24t2 24t
dt2

Apabila t = 1.137,
d2I

= 24 24(1.137)2 24(1.137)
dt2

= 24(1 1.1372 1.137)

= 34.31 , 0

dy
Apabila = 0,
dx
2x(5 2x)3(5 6x) = 0
x = 0, 5 2x = 0,
5 6x = 0
5
5

x=
x=
2
6
Maka, isi padu adalah maksimum apabila t = 1.137.
4. Diberi kecerunan normal ialah 1,

maka, kecerunan tangen ialah 1.
a
y =
x + bx
dy
a
=
+ b......................1
x2
dx
dy
Gantikan = 1 dan x = 1 dalam 1,
dx

1 = a + b
a + b = 1...............................2
1
1
1
1.
u + v =
12
1
v + u =

uv
12
12(v + u) = uv
12v + 12u = uv
uv 12v = 12u
v(u 12) = 12u
12u

v =
u 12
a
Gantikan x = 1, y = 7 dalam y =
x + bx,

7 = a + b
a + b = 7.................................3
d
d
(u 12)(12u) 12u(u 12)
dv
du
du
=

du
(u 12)2
(u 12)(12) 12u(1)
=
(u 12)2
12u 144 12u
=
(u 12)2
144
=
(u 12)2
2 + 3, 2b = 8

b = 4
Gantikan b = 4 dalam 3,
a + 4 = 7
a = 3
24
5. y = x(x 5)2
dy
d
d
= x (x 5)2 + (x 5)2 (x)
dx
dx
dx
= x 2(x 5)(1) + (x 5)2(1)
= (x 5)[2x + (x 5)]
= (x 5)(3x 5)
6. (a) Luas segiempat tepat ABCD

= (2k)(k)

= (2k2) cm2
1

Luas ABE = (2k)(x)
2

= (kx) cm2
1
= (2x)(k x)
2
= x(k x)
= (kx x2) cm2
dy
dx
(x 5)(3x 5) = 0
5

x = 5,
3
Apabila x = 5,
y = 5(5 5)2
=0
5
Apabila x = ,
3
2
5
5
y =
5
3 3
5
10
=
3
3
500
=
27
(b) Biarkan luas AEF sebagai y

y = k2 kx + x2
dy
= k + 2x
dx
dy

Apabila = 0,
dx
k + 2x = 0
1

x = k
2
d2y

=2.0
dx2
Untuk (5, 0),

d2y
= 6(5) 20
dx2

= 10 . 0
Maka, (5, 0) ialah titik minimum.
Luas AEF
= 2k2 [kx + (kx x2) + (k2 kx)]
= 2k2 kx kx + x2 k2 + kx
= (k2 kx + x2) cm2
1
Maka, y adalah minimum apabila x = k.
2
1 2 1 2
1 2
7.
x cm
y cm
Apabila x = 0, y = 0(0 5)2

=0
Apabila y = 0, x = 0, 5
Lilitan bulatan = Perimeter segiempat tepat

2(7) = 2(x + y)

x + y = 7

y = 7 x.......................1
y
5 500
,
3 27
1
= k(2k 2x)
2
= (k2 kx) cm2
(c) Luas minimum AEF

1
1 2

= k2 k k + k
2
2
1 2
1 2
2

=k k + k
2
4
3 2
2

= k cm
4
5 500
Untuk (, ),
3 27
d2y
5
= 6 20
3
dx2

= 10 20

= 10 , 0
5 500
Maka, (, ) ialah titik maksimum.
3 27
Luas ADF
5 500
Titik-titik pusingan ialah (5, 0) dan (, ).
3 27
dy
= (x 5)(3x 5)
dx
d2y
= (x 5)(3) + (3x 5)(1)

dx2
= 3x 15 + 3x 5
= 6x 20
500
27
Luas FEC
25
Luas segiempat tepat, L = xy

= x(7 x)
= 7x x2
dL
= 7 2x

dx
22
= 7 2x
7
= 22 2x
dL
Apabila = 0,
dx
22 2x = 0

x = 11
1 2
1 2
Maka, A adalah maksimum apabila x = 11 dan y = 11.
Luas maksimum segiempat tepat = 11 11

= 121 cm2
30 cm3 s1
dI
dt
dj dI

dI dt
4
I = j3
3
dI
= 4j2
dr
dL
1
Maka, = 8j 2 30
4j
dt
60
=
j
(b) Luas permukaan melengkung, L = 2(5)h

L = 10h
dL
= 10

dh
dL
dL dh
=

dt
dh dt

= (10)(2)

= 20 cm2 s1
Apabila j = 4,
dL
60
=
dt
4

= 15 cm2 s1
1 000
(c) Masa yang diambil =
50

= 20 saat
dI
9. (a) Diberi = 8 cm3 s1
dt

Biarkan panjang sisi sebagai x.
I = x3
dI
= 3x2
dx
dx
1
=
3x2
dI
1 2
(a) I = (5)2h
= 25h
dI
= 25
dh
dI
dI dh
=

dt
dh dt
= (25)(2)
= 50
L = 4j2 dan
2
= 12(2)
3
= 16 cm2 s1
dI
10. Diberi = k cm3 s1
dt
Biarkan h sebagai tinggi paras air.
dh
Diberi = 2 cm s1
dt
8. Biarkan I = isi padu sfera, j = jejari, L = luas permukaan

t = masa dalam saat.
dL
= 8j
dj
(b) Jumlah luas permukaan, L = 6x2

dL
= 12x

dx
dL
dL dx
=

dt
dx
dt
2

= 12x
3
d2L
= 2 , 0
dx2
Apabila x = 2,
dx
8
=

3(2)2
dt
2

= cm s1
3
1 2
dL

dI
dL
=
dj
1
=
(8)
3x2
8
=
3x2
y = 7 11
22
= 7 11
7
= 11
dI
=
dt
dL
=
dt
dx
dx dI
=
dt
dI
dt
26
1
11. y =
x3
dy
3
=
x4
dx

Apabila x = 3, 27a + 6b + 9 = 0

9a + 2b + 3 = 0..................2

2 1,
6a = 6

a=1
Apabila x = 1,
dy
3
=
14
dx

= 3
2
1
= 2
0.993
0.993


9(1) + 2b + 3 = 0

2b = 12

b = 6
dy
1
= 2
+ dx
13
dx
= 2[1 + (3)(0.01)]
= 2.06
(b) y = x3 6x2 + 9x

Apabila x = 1, y = 1 6 + 9
= 4

[ (1, 4)
dengan dx = 0.99 1

= 0.01

Apabila x = 3, y = 33 6(3)2 + 9(3)
= 0

[ (3, 0)
dy
12. (a) = 3x2 kx
dx

Diberi persamaan normal ialah
x 7y + 13 = 0

7y = x + 13
1
13

y = x +
7
7

Kecerunan tangen pada titik (1, 2) ialah 7.
Jarak antara dua titik pusingan

(3 1)2 + (0 4)2
= ABBBBBBBBBBBB
4 + 16
= ABBBBB
= 4.472 unit
15. (a) BD2 = x2 + y2

x2 + y2
BD = ABBBBB
dy

Maka, = 7 apabila x = 1
dx
7 = 3(1)2 k(1)
7 = 3 k
k = 10
1 x2 + y2
Jejari bulatan ialah ABBBBB
2
Luas kawasan berlorek, L

= Luas bulatan Luas segiempat tepat
1 x2 + y2 2

= ABBBBB
xy
2
1

= (x2 + y2) xy
4
1

= (x2 + y2) xy
4
1
1
(b) L = x2 + y2 xy
4
4
1
1
= x2 + (10)2 x(10)
4
4
1
2
= x + 25 10x
4
dL
1
= x 10
2
dx
1
1 2
(b) Persamaan tangen pada titik (1, 2) ialah

y 2 = 7(x 1)
y = 7x + 7 + 2
y = 7x + 9
13. y = x2 + nx + 2
dy
= 2x + n
dx
(3, 7) ialah titik minimum,
dy
Maka, = 0 apabila x = 3
dx
0 = 2(3) + n
n = 6
dL
Apabila = 0,
dx
1
x 10 = 0
2
20

x =
14. (a) y = ax3 + bx2 + 9x

dy
= 3ax2 + 2bx + 9
dx

Apabila x = 1, 3a + 2b + 9 = 0....................1
dy
Untuk titik pusingan, = 0 apabila x = 1 dan
dx
x=3
27
d2L
1
= . 0
2
dx2
20
Maka, L adalah minimum apabila x =
.
16. PQ = 2x x2
Biarkan PQ = s
[ s = 2x x2
ds
= 2 2x
dx
ds
Apabila = 0,
dx
2 2x = 0

x = 1

f''(x) = 40(1 4x)3(4)

= 160(1 4x)3

f''(0) = 160(1 0)3

= 160
(b) (i) y = x(x2 12)
= x3 12x
dy
= 3x2 12

dx
d2s
= 2 , 0
dx2
[ s adalah maksimum apabila x = 1.
dx
1
=
dy
dy
dx
1
=
3x2 12

Jarak maksimum PQ = 2(1) 12

= 1 unit
dy
=
dx
3x2 12 =

3x2 =

x2 =

x =

2x + 1
17. y =
x4
(x 4)(2) (2x + 1)(1)
dy
=
dx
(x 4)2
2x 8 2x 1
=
(x 4)2
9
=
(x 4)2
0
12
4
2

Apabila x = 2, y = 2[(2)2 12]

= 16

[ y = 16
19. (a)
y = 4x2 8x + 1
dy
= 8x 8
dx
d2y

= 8
dx2
d2y
dy
18
9
[
+ =
+
dx2
dx
(x 4)3
(x 4)2
18 9(x 4)

=
(x 4)3
18 9x + 36

=
(x 4)3
54 9x

=
(x 4)3
d2y
dy
Apabila
=
dx2
dx
8 = 8x 8
8x = 16
x = 2
y = 4(2)2 8(2) + 1
= 1

d2y
dy
+ = 0
dx2
dx
54
9x

= 0
(x 4)3
dy
(b) = 0
dx
8x 8 = 0

x = 1
54 9x = 0
9x = 54
x = 6

y = 4(1)2 8(1) + 1
= 3

Maka, titik pusingannya ialah (1, 3).
d2y

=8.0
dx2

[ (1, 3) ialah titik minimum.
5
18. (a) f(x) =
1 4x

= 5(1 4x)1

f'(x) = 5(1 4x)2(4)

= 20(1 4x)2

Apabila x = 2, y = 2(22 12)

= 16
dy
= 9(x 4)2
dx
d2y

= 18(x 4)3
dx2
18
=
(x 4)3
(ii)
28
Apabila x = 0, y = 1
21.
10 cm
Apabila y = 0,
4x2 8x + 1 = 0
64 4(4)(1)
8 ABBBBBBBBB

x =
2(4)
j cm
l cm
8 ABB
48
=
8
8 4AB
3
=
8
AB
3
= 1
2
h cm
10 cm
Biarkan h sebagai tinggi paras air dalam silinder dan

l sebagai tinggi paras air dalam kon.
j
l
=
12
10
10
j = l
12
5
= l
6
1
0

3
1
2

1 + 3
2
(1, 3)
12 cm
1
I = j2l
3
1 5 2
= l l
3 6
25 3
=
l
108

1 2
dx
20. Diberi = 0.01 cm s1
dt
dI
25
= 3l2
108
dl
25
= l2
36
16 cm
x cm
2x cm
I = 102h
= 100h
dI
= 100
dh
Jumlah luas permukaan,

L = 2(2x2) + 2(16x) + 2(2x)(16)
= 4x2 + 32x + 64x
= 4x2 + 96x
dh
=
dt
dl
=
dt
dL
= 8x + 96
dx
dL
dL dx
=
dt
dx
dt

= (8x + 96)(0.01)
Apabila isi padu = 162,
(2x)(x)16 = 162
162

x2 =
32
81
=
16
9
x.0

x =
4
0.2 cm s1
dl dh

dh dt
dl
dI
(0.2)
dI dh
36
(100)(0.2)
25l2
36
(100)(0.2)
25(6)2
0.8 cm s1
Maka, paras air dalam kon berkurangan dengan kadar

malar 0.8 cm s1.
dL
9
[ = 8 + 96 (0.01)
4
dt

= 1.14 cm2 s1
29
10
dh
1
22. (a) Diberi =
t ms
dt
20
dI
= cm3 s1

t
dt
20
6
3 1

=
t 10 m s
Pada titik (1, 2),

dy
= 6(1) 4
dx

=2
(a) dy = 2.01 2
= 0.01
dI
dI
dt
=
dh
dt
dh
t
20
6

=
t (10 ) 10
dx
dx = dy
dy
1
= (0.01)
2
= 0.005
1 2
1 2
= 2 10
6
dI
(b) =
dt

=

=

=

=
dI
dh

dh
dt
(2 106 )(2)
4 106 m3 s1
4 106 106 cm3 s1
4 cm3 s1
dx
dx dy
(b) =
dt
dt
dy
1

= (0.4)
2

= 0.2 unit s1
1 2
dx
25. (a) Diberi = 0.1 cm s1
dt
1

Jejari, j = x
2
dj
1
=

2
dx
dj
dj
dx
=

dt
dx
dt
dp
23. (a) p = 3x + 2, = 6 unit per saat
dt
dp

=3
dx
dp
dx
dx
=

dt
dt
dp
1

= (6)
3

= 2 unit s1
1 2
5
(b) y =
p2
dy
= 10(3x + 2)3(3)
dx
30

=
(3x + 2)3
dL
dL dx
=
dt
dx dt
1

= 2x x (0.1)
2
1

= 2(2) (2) (0.1)
2

= (4 )(0.1)

= 0.08584 cm2 s1
dy
dy = dx
dx
30
=
dx
(3x + 2)3
30
= 3 (0.01)
[3(1) + 2]
30
=
0.01
53
= 0.0024
(c) dx = 2.1 2
= 0.1
dL
dL = dx
dx
1
= 2x x dx
2
1
= 2(2) (2) (0.1)
2
= (4 )(0.1)
= 0.08584 cm2

1
3
24. y = 3x2 4x + 3
dy
= 6x 4
dx
1 21 2
1
2
3
4
(c) dx = 1.01 1
= 0.01
1 2
1 2
(b) Luas logam, L = x2 j2

1

= x2 x
2
1
2

= x x2
4
dL
1
= 2x x

2
dx
5
=
(3x + 2)2
= 5(3x + 2)2
1
= (0.1)
2
= 0.05 cm s1
30

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Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

2 1, dy = 2xdx + (dx)2 4dx

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

5. (a) Biarkan y = x3 + 2x.......................................... 1

2 1, dy = 3x2dx + 3x(dx)2 + (dx)3 + 2dx

Maka, f(x) = 3x2 + 2

(b) Biarkan y = 1 2x + 3x2. .................................1

2 1, dy = 2dx + 6xdx + 3(dx)2

6. Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik A = 2(1)

10. (a) f(x) = 4x2 + 5x

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

13. (a) y = (4x 1)(3x2)

15. (a) y = (2x 1)10

(c) y = 2(x3 + 4)5

(d) y = 4(x 4)2

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

(f) y = x3(2x 1)3

17. (a) (i) y = 3x2 1

16. (a) y = 3x(1 2x)5

(d) y = (4x 1)(x2 3)4

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (1, 4)

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

(c) (i) y = 4(2x 1)3

Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (1, 4)

(iii) Persamaan garis normal ialah

Kecerunan garis tangen pada titik (2, 0)

ialah titik maksimum.

(c) y = x3 2x2 + 4........................ 1

(d) (i) y = x(2 x)3

(iii) Persamaan garis normal ialah x = 2

18. (a) y = 3x2 6x + 1....................................1

Maka, titik pusingan ialah (1, 2).

(1, 2) ialah titik minimum.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

Untuk titik (0, 4),

(0, 4) ialah titik maksimum.

ialah titik minimum.

20. Isi padu = 20 cm3

Luas permukaan, L = 2j2 + 2jt

Titik pusingan ialah (1, 4) dan (1, 4).

Untuk titik (1, 4),

(1, 4) ialah titik minimum.

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

(1, 4) ialah titik maksimum.

Untuk titik (1, 4),

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

32. (a) f(x) = 4x3 1

Untuk titik pusingan (0, 50),

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9

Diberi kecerunan garis normal pada x = 2 ialah

Soalan Mirip SPM

Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

Matematik Tambahan SPM Bab 9