Ppan 2011 2016 Final 2

Philippine
Plan of
Action for
Nutrition
2011-2016
5 July 2012

Republic of the Philippines
NATIONAL NUTRITION COUNCIL

NNC GOVERNING BOARD
Resolution No. 1, Series of 2012

Approving and Adopting
the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2011-2016

WHEREAS, the social contract of His Excellency, President Benigno Simeon C.
Aquino III is focused on institutional reform, economic stability and inclusive growth;

WHEREAS, the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 under chapter 8 translates
inclusive growth by ensuring improvement in the lives of all Filipinos through
equitable access to adequate and quality social services and assets;
WHEREAS, consistent with the international commitment to achieve the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), the overall goal of the PPAN is to contribute to
improving the quality of the human resource base of the country and to have
substantial decreases in child and maternal and overall disease burden;
WHEREAS, recognizing the right to food is a moral and legal right, PPAN upholds
that food and nutrition is a right of every individual and in every nutrition intervention
rights is essential part of a holistic process;
WHEREAS, the PPAN believes that attainment of nutritional well-being is a main
responsibility of families but duty bearers like government organizations and
nongovernment organizations should help the families especially the marginalized, to
be able to provide for their own nutritional needs;
WHEREAS, PPAN is guided by the principles of multisectoral approach, equity,
evidence-based interventions and programs, and good governance;
NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED AS IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED, in
consideration of the foregoing, we the NNC Governing Board do hereby approve and
adopt the PPAN 2011-2016 as the framework for achieving nutritional adequacy and
thus, contribute to a better quality of life of Filipinos;

RESOLVED FURTHER, that we commit our departments or agencies or
organizations to:

1. Translate the priority actions into concrete activities, the budgetary
requirements of which will be integrated in our annual budgets, which will
include funding from development partners; in the spirit of cooperation,
complementation of each others efforts and in coordination with the NNC
Secretariat; and

2. Advocate for the translation of the priority actions into concrete activities to
those within the scope of our influence.
NNC GOVERNING BOARD

Approving and Adopting the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2011-2016
ii

RESOLVED FURTHER, for the National Nutrition Council Secretariat to ensure
that the PPAN 2011-2016 is disseminated as widely as possible to enable stakeholders
to align their efforts along the priority concerns;
RESOLVED FURTHER, for the National Nutrition Council to monitor and to
ensure that this resolution is fully implemented.
Approved this 12
th
day of January 2012.

NNC GOVERNING BOARD

Approving and Adopting the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2011-2016
iii

iv

Philippine Plan of Action
for Nutrition 2011-2016
Contents
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................... 1
Hunger ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Underweight, stunting, wasting ....................................................................................................... 2
Micronutrient malnutrition .............................................................................................................. 3
Overnutrition .................................................................................................................................. 6
Regional dimension ........................................................................................................................ 7
Factors affecting undernutrition ...................................................................................................... 8
Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Hunger ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Underweight-for-age, stunting, wasting ........................................................................................... 9
Vitamin A deficiency .................................................................................................................... 10
Anemia ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Iodine deficiency disorders .......................................................................................................... 10
Overweight and obesity ................................................................................................................ 10
Guiding principles ............................................................................................................................ 10
Directions ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Strategies and priorities for action ..................................................................................................... 12
Promotion of optimum infant and young child feeding practices in various settings........................ 12
Adoption and implementation of appropriate guidelines for the community-based management of
acute malnutrition ........................................................................................................................ 13
Integration and strengthening of nutrition services in ante-natal care services ................................. 13
Delivery of an integrated package of nutrition services in the school and alternative school system 13
Increasing the supply and consumption of micronutrients .............................................................. 14
Increasing food supply at the community level and economic access to the available food supply .. 16
Promoting a healthy lifestyle ......................................................................................................... 17
A range of cross-cutting strategies ................................................................................................. 18
Plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation ............................................................................... 21
Plan implementation ..................................................................................................................... 21
Monitoring and evaluation ............................................................................................................ 21
Organization and management .......................................................................................................... 22
The NNC Governing Board .......................................................................................................... 23
The NNC Secretariat ..................................................................................................................... 24
NNC Technical Committee ........................................................................................................... 25
Regional Nutrition Committee ...................................................................................................... 25
Local Nutrition Committees .......................................................................................................... 25

Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition 2011-2016
v

List of figures

Figure

1 Trends in hunger incidence, 1998-2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Trend in percent of underweight-for-age children 0-59 months old
compared with MDG target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Causes of under-five child mortality, global . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 Prevalence (in percent) of vitamin A deficiency among children 6-60 months old,
and pregnant and lactating women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Percent of children 6-12 years old with urinary iodine excretion
less than 50 mcg/L, Philippines, 1998, 2003, 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6 Median urinary iodine excretion among pregnant
and lactating women in mcg/L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7 Prevalence of anemia among children, Philippines,
1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8 Prevalence of overweight-for-age among children
under-five years old, 1990-2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
9 Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults, Philippines,
2008, based on body mass index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10 Framework on causes of maternal and child undernutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
11 National Nutrition Council Structure for Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

List of tables

Table
1 Regions with high levels of malnutrition using different indicators . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Functions of local nutrition committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Attachment
1 Regional breakdown of selected nutrition indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Republic of the Philippines

Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
(PPAN) 2011-2016

The past years have seen a shift in the nutrition-development paradigm from one that
recognizes good nutrition not simply as a by-product of development but as an important
input to development. This recognition is not empty as it draws from evidence of the far-
reaching negative consequences of undernutrition in the early years of life on capacity to
learn, to be economically productive in adulthood, and even on the development of non-
communicable diseases like hypertension and diabetes.

Thus, efforts to address nutritional problems should be parallel to efforts to address poverty
and achieve inclusive economic growth and development to create mutually reinforcing
effects. Furthermore, nutrition should be treated as a concern by itself, and one that cuts
across and through various sectors.

Challenges

Hunger continues to be a serious concern

The percent of Filipino households with inadequate calorie intake decreased between 1990
(74.2%) and 2008 (66.9%). However, the rate of decline is slower (0.17 percentage point per
year) when compared to the targeted decline of 1.5 percentage points per year to reach one of
the targets of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1. Thus, to reach the MDG on halving
levels of hunger in 1990 by 2015, efforts should be geared toward achieving an annual
reduction of 4 percentage points per year.

In addition, surveys on hunger of the Social Weather Stations since 1998 have shown that
hunger situation has been volatile within a year, with spikes and dips (Figure 1).

The spikes have been associated with increases in prices of food and key non-food goods
specifically fuel, as well as with underemployment. The increase in prices of food has also
been associated with the occurrence of both natural and human-induced disasters.

Common natural disasters were due to typhoons or flooding (both water and mud), which in
the case of Albay in 2006 was exacerbated by the eruption of Mt. Mayon that destroyed many
homes and residential areas. Typhoons Ondoy (Ketsana), and Pepeng (Parma) in the late
2009 were not only heavy in rain causing severe flooding particularly in Metro Manila, but
happened too soon after each other. On the other hand, human-induced disasters of note in
the previous plan period was that of the oil spill in Guimaras and the armed conflict in
Mindanao resulting to a surge of internally displaced persons. And in 2010, the El Nio
phenomenon was felt more severely in some parts of the country.
2

Figure 1. Trends in hunger incidence, 1998-2010
Source: Social Weather Stations
Based on responses to the question, Nitong nakaraang tatlong buwan, nangyari po ba kahit minsan na
ang inyong pamilya ay nakaranas ng gutom at wala kayong makain? Kung oo, nangyari po ba yan ng
minsan lamang? Mga ilang beses o madalas o palagi?

In the last 3 years or so, these disasters have become much more severe with the resulting
displacement more protracted. The resulting displacement from home, property and
livelihood as well as the negative effect of disasters on agricultural production and incomes
further increased the risk of increasing hunger incidence.

Underweight, stunting, wasting continue to be serious nutritional problems

The 2008 national nutrition survey showed a significant decline in the prevalence of
underweight-for-age under-five children since 1990 (Figure 2). However, the overall decline
was not fast enough and the 20.6 percent prevalence in 2008 was equivalent to an average
annual percentage point decrease of 0.37, lower than the targeted 0.55 annual percentage
point reduction from 2000 to achieve one of the targets of Millennium Development Goal 1.

In addition, stunting (32.3%) among under-fives (an indication of prolonged deprivation of
food and frequent bouts of infections) and wasting (6.9%) indicative of a lack of food or
infection or both in the immediate past are at levels considered to be high per WHO cut-off
points. While stunting decreased from the 2003 level of 33.9%, the average percentage point
decrease from 2003 (0.32) was about one-third of the targeted decline of one percentage
point per year. Wasting, on the other hand, remained at about the 6% level from 2003 to
2008.

The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among school-age children (6-10 years
old) was 33.6% and 33.9%, and 8.1% respectively, based on the 2008 national nutrition
survey. (These prevalence rates were based on the IRS).

The prevalence of underweight school-age children decreased from 25.6% in 2003 to 22.8% in
2005. However the reported prevalence in 2008 was at the same level as 2003. Thus, the
target for underweight school-age children was not met.

The 2008 prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women was reported to be 26.3%,
almost the same level as the 26.6% in 2003. This reduction is equivalent to an average annual
reduction of 0.06 percentage points, way below the targeted 0.82 annual percentage point
reduction.

0
14
28
3

As noted earlier, undernutrition, particularly early in life, reduces learning capacity in the
school-age and economic productivity in adulthood.

Figure 2. Trend in percent of underweight-for-age children 0-59 months old
compared with MDG target

Source of data on trends in underweight-for-age is based on the national nutrition surveys conducted by
the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology

Undernutrition in childhood has also been identified to be the single major contributor to
under-five child mortality (Figure 3). The Philippines is one of the countries that account for
90% of under-five mortality.

Figure 3. Causes of under-five child mortality, global
27.3
26.6
23.8
23.6
25.6
23.0
20.7
20.0
20.6
27.3
13.7
0
20
40
1990 2001 2010 2015
Trend Target

Source of data:
Child Health Epidemiology and Research Groups estimates of
under-five deaths 2000-2003

Malnutrition
53%
4

Significant improvements in micronutrient malnutrition, but levels still of public
health significance

The 2008 national nutrition survey reported significant gains as levels of vitamin A deficiency
among pregnant and lactating women (Figure 4) and iodine deficiency disorders among
children 6-12 years old, indicative of the situation for the population (Figure 5) registered
prevalence rates below public health significance.

Figure 4. Prevalence (in percent) of vitamin A deficiency among children 6-60
months old, and pregnant and lactating women

Source: National nutrition surveys conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute of the Department of
Science and Technology
Note: Vitamin A deficiency is based on serum retinol. Per WHO guidelines, a prevalence of 15% or more
indicates a public health problem deficient

Figure 5. Percent of children 6-12 years old with urinary iodine excretion less
than 50 mcg/L, Philippines, 1998, 2003, 2008

Note: Iodine deficiency in a population is determined based on median urinary iodine excretion (should not be
lower than the prescribed level) and the population with urinary iodine excretion less than 50 mcg/L
(should not be more than 20%).

In addition, iodine deficiency among pregnant and lactating women is of public health
significance based on WHO guidelines (Figure 6).

Furthermore the prevalence rate of anemia among children decreased significantly (Figure 7).
However, levels of IDA among one-year olds (41%), pregnant women (42%), and infants 6-11
months old (55.7%) remained at levels that are considered high as per WHO classification
(<40%).
35.3
38
40.1
15.2
16.4
22.2
17.5
9.5
16.4 16.5
20.1
6.4
0
25
50
1993 1998 2003 2008
6 mos. - 5 years old
Pregnant Women
Lactating Mothers
35.8
11.4
19.7
0
20
40
1998 2003 2008
Median urinary iodine excretion
of 6-12 year olds
WHO
recommendation
100 mcg/L
1998 71
2003 201
2008 132

5

Figure 6. Median urinary iodine excretion among pregnant and lactating
women in mcg/L

Note: Iodine deficiency in a population is determined based on median urinary iodine excretion (should
not lower than the prescribed level

Figure 7. Prevalence of anemia among children, Philippines, 1993, 1998, 2003
and 2008


Deficiencies in vitamin A and iron have been associated with retarded growth, increased
morbidity due to infections and increased risk of mortality especially among young children
and pregnant women. On the other hand, IDD has been associated with pregnancy wastage
(stillbirth and miscarriage), and congenital physical (deaf-mutism, squint or pagkaduling) and
mental defects.
0
45
90
135
180
Pregnant women Lactating women
150
100
142
105
111
81
WHO recommendation 2003 2008
1998 2003 2008
1y 53.2 53.0 41.0
2y 36.9 34.8 26.6
3y 23.4 24.8 13.7
4y 20.0 18.8 13.6
5y 18.2 14.0 10.6
6-12 y 35.6 37.4 19.8
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
6

Overnutrition is also increasing among children and is at a high level among
adults

Overnutrition and obesity among children, while at relatively low levels, has been steadily
increasing and could increase further if not addressed adequately (Figure 8). About one-fifth
of adults 20 years old and over were reported to be overweight, with highest levels among
those who are 30-59 years old (Figure 9). Overweight and obesity are among the risk factors
associated with diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.

Figure 8. Prevalence of overweight-for-age among children under-five years
old, 1990-2008


Figure 9. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults, Philippines,
2008, based on body mass index


1.1
1.1
2.1
1.7 1.7
2.3
1.9
2.9
3.5
0
10
1990 1992 1993 1996 1998 2001 2003 2005 2008

13.1
24.4
26.3
24.8
20.1
14.4
2.9
6.1
6.8
6.3 4.8
2.4
0
15
30
20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y 60-69 y 70 y and
above
P
e
r
c
e
n
t

Overweight Obese
7

Regional dimension

Hunger and malnutrition are prevalent nationwide. However, some regions are more
seriously affected by one or more forms of malnutrition (Table 1 and Attachment 1).

Table 1. Regions with high levels of malnutrition using different indicators
Region
Under-five children Anemia
4
IDD
5
Over-
weight
and
obesity
among
adults
6

Under-
weight-
for-age
1

Stunting
2
Wasting
3

6 mos.
5 y
Preg-
nant
Preg-
nant
Lacta-
ting
1 x x x x x
2 x x x x xx
CAR x x x x x x
3 x x xx x x x
NCR x x xx x x
4-A x x x x x x
4-B x x x x xx x x
5 x x x x xx x x
6 x x x x xx x x
7 x x xx x x x
8 x x x x x x x x
9 x x x x x x x
10 x x x x x x x x
11 x x x x xx x x x
12 x x x x xx x
CARAGA x x x x x x x x
ARMM x x x x xx x
1
Regions with high level of underweight-for-age are those with prevalence rates of 20% or higher
2
Regions with high level of stunting are those with prevalence rates of 30% or higher
3
Regions with high level of wasting are those with prevalence rates greater than 5%
4
Regions with high prevalence rate of anemia are those with anemia prevalence of 10% or more. The
notation xx indicates that the regions prevalence rate is 40% or more
5
Regions with high prevalence of IDD are those with UIE less than 150 mcg/L for pregnant women and
100 mcg/L for lactating women

6
Regions with high level of overweight and obesity are those with prevalence rates higher than the
national level prevalence for adults 20 years olds and above

Underweight-for-age is high in almost all regions except Regions 3, 4A, 7, NCR and CAR.
Similarly, stunting is high in almost all regions except for Region 1, 3, 4A, and NCR, which
are all in Luzon. On the other hand, wasting is high in all regions except for Region 7.

Anemia among children 6 mos-5 years old and pregnant women is a problem in all regions,
with Regions 2, 3, NCR, 4B, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 and ARMM registering high prevalence rates (>40%)
for pregnant women.

Regions 7, 8, 10, and 11 recorded high levels of overweight and obesity among adults.

8

Factors affecting undernutrition

Undernutrition results from the interplay of various factors (Figure 10), with inadequate
dietary intake and disease as immediate causes. However, underpinning these immediate
causes are underlying ones related to household food security, health services and
environmental quality and care practices. However, these factors cannot be isolated from
basic causes related to formal and informal institutions, economic structure, and potential
resources.

Thus, addressing all these factors are important to achieve nutrition targets.

Figure 10. Framework on causes of maternal and child undernutrition

Immediate
causes
Underlying
causes
Maternal and
child
undernutrition
and death
Inadequate
dietary intake
Disease
Household food
insecurity
Unhealthy household
environment and poor
health services
Inadequate care
Income poverty: employment, self-
employment, dwelling, assets,
remittances, pensions, transfers etc
Lack of capital: financial, human,
physical, social, and natural
Social, economic, and political
context
Basic
causes
Source: Black, Robert E. et al. The Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Undernutrition. 2008
9

Goals

To contribute to improving the quality of the human resource base of the country and to
reducing child and maternal mortality.

Objectives

Hunger

Indicator
2008
(Baseline)
Target
by 2016
*

Households with inadequate calorie intake 66.7 32.8
*
Targeted reduction of households with inadequate calorie intake is based on an annual percentage point
reduction of 4.23 from 2008 to meet the MDG target by 2015, and extended to 2016

Underweight-for-age, stunting, wasting

Indicator
Baseline
(2008)
Target by
2016
Prevalence (in percent) of underweight under-five children 20.6 12.7
Prevalence (in percent) of stunted under-five children 32.3 20.9
Prevalence (in percent) of wasted under-five children 6.9 < 5.0
Prevalence (in percent) of underweight children 6-10 years old
(IRS)
25.6 21.8
Prevalence (in percent) of thin children 6-10 years old 8.1 < 5.0
Percent of pregnant women who are nutritionally-at-risk 26.3 22.3
Percent of low birthweight 19.6 < 19.6
Notes:
1. Baseline data except for low birthweight is based on the 2008 National Nutrition Survey using WHO-Child Growth
Standards
2. Targeted reduction of underweight for age under-fives is based on an annual 1.0 percentage point reduction to meet
the MDG target by 2015, and extended to 2016
3. Targeted reduction of stunted under-fives follows the target for underweight-for-age among under-fives, i.e. 50% of
1990 levels since most of the underweight-for-age is due to stunting
4. Targeted reduction of underweight children 6-10 years old is based on the trend for the past 18 years
5. The <5% level of wasted under-fives and school-age children is the level at which the problem is not of public health
significance
6. Targeted reduction of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women is based on mean annual percentage point reduction of
0.44 from 1998 to 2008
7. Low-birthweight baseline is based on the 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey

10

Vitamin A deficiency, percent of population with low to deficient serum retinol,
mol/L

Population Group 2008 2016
*

Preschool children, 6-60 months old 15.2 < 15%
Pregnant women 9.5 < 15%
Lactating women 6.4 < 15%
*
Target is to keep prevalence rates below WHO levels of public health significance

Anemia, percent with hemoglobin level below recommended level

*

Infants 55.7 < 40%
One-year old children 41.0 < 40%
Pregnant women 42.5 < 40%
Lactating women 31.4 < 40%
*
Target is to bring levels to levels considered as moderate based on the WHO criterion

Iodine deficiency based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE), g/L

Indicator 2008 2016
*

Children, 6-12 years old
- Median UIE 132 At least 100
- Moderate and severe (%) 19.7 <20%
Pregnant women
Lactating women
*
Target is to keep at levels below public health significance per WHO cut-off

Overweight and obesity

*

Children, 0-5 years old 3.3 3.3
Children 6-10 years old 6.5 6.5
Adults, 20 years and above 26.6 26.6
*
Target is to at least maintain current levels

Guiding principles
1. Attainment of nutritional well-being is a main responsibility of families
2. It is the duty and obligation of government to assist those who are unable to enjoy
the right to good nutrition
11

3. Priority given to those with less access and most nutritionally at-risk
4. Evidence-based interventions and strategies, with bias to local research
5. Good governance is at the center of efforts for nutrition improvement

Directions

1. Contribute to the reduction of disparities related to nutrition through a focus on
population groups and areas highly affected or at-risk to malnutrition, specifically:

a. Pregnant women, infants, and children 1-2 years old

b. Families with pregnant women, children 0-2 years old, and underweight
children 0-5 years old

c. Local government units (LGUs) with high levels of child undernutrition or at
risk to increased levels of undernutrition

2. Increase investments and go to scale in effective interventions that could impact
more significantly on undernutrition among under-fives

a. Promotion of optimum infant feeding and young child feeding practices
anchored on exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life, the
introduction and use of complementary foods that are calorie- and nutrient-
dense and safe from 6
th
month of life onward with continued breastfeeding
up to 2 years of age and beyond.

b. Promotion of sanitary practices including personal hygiene and handwashing

c. Supplementation with vitamin A, zinc in the management of diarrhea, iron-
folic acid for pregnant women and infants and young children and iodine for
pregnant women in areas with levels of iodine deficiency disorders and low
access to adequately-iodized salt.

d. Deworming

e. Appropriate medical and dietary management of acute malnutrition as well
as of other forms of nutrition-related infections

f. Iron fortification of rice and flour, vitamin A fortification of other staples,
and iodization of salt

3. Revive, identify, document, and adopt good practices and models for nutrition
improvement

4. Strengthen food-based approaches to address malnutrition

5. Strengthen the nutrition component of the healthy lifestyle package

12

6. Strengthen the linkage of nutrition with other sectors of development and converge
with existing sectoral efforts, e.g. conditional cash transfer, universal health care
coverage, agriculture development, labor and employment, among others.

7. Strengthen and nurture interagency structures for integrated and coordinated
implementation of nutrition and related services at national and local levels

8. Strengthen system for planning, monitoring and evaluation of nutrition plan
implementation at national and local levels

9. Formulate and implement a nutrition research agenda

Strategies and priorities for action

Strategies to address nutrition problems are a mix of services that are specific to the form of
malnutrition and those that would impact on all forms of undernutrition. Strategies related
to governance, i.e. policy, plan and program formulation and coordination, monitoring and
evaluation as well as research and policy advocacy also cut across all forms of malnutrition.
The following describe these key strategies while Attachment 2 contains target outputs or
intermediary outcomes.

Promotion of optimum infant and young child feeding practices in various
settings to reduce the prevalence of underweight (from 20.6% in 2008 to
12.7% in 2016) and stunted under-five children (from 32.3% in 2008 to 20.9%
in 2016)

The main strategy will be anchored on the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for the first
six months of life and the introduction and use of calorie- and nutrient-dense and safe solid
and semi-solid foods (complementary foods) with continued breastfeeding in various
settings, specifically the home, rural health units and barangay health stations, birthing
facilities, and the formal and informal workplace.

Specific interventions to be pursued are as follows:

1. Organization, training, and continuous capacity building of community-based
support groups on infant and young child feeding composed of peer counsellors or
mothers who have successfully applied optimum infant and feeding practices.

2. Training of health and nutrition workers, including those in birthing facilities and in
the workplace, on counselling on infant and young child feeding.

3. Setting up and maintaining human milk banks in selected regional hospitals and
medical centers.

4. Setting up of lactation stations in the workplace

5. Enforcement of the Milk Code on the Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (EO 51)

6. Group counseling for the promotion of optimum complementary feeding practices

13

7. Home fortification of complementary food through the use of multiple micronutrient
powder

8. Multimedia campaign on IYCF-related concerns

9. Integration of IYCF concerns in the curriculum of primary, secondary and tertiary
education

Adoption and implementation of appropriate guidelines for the community-
based management of acute malnutrition to reduce the prevalence of wasted
under-five children from 6.9 percent in 2008 to less than 5% (not of public
health significance) in 2016

Actions will include:

1. Active identification of cases of acute malnutrition particularly in protracted disaster
situation

2. Setting up and use of a referral system for acute malnutrition cases with infections

3. Building capacities of health care facilities and the community to provide the
appropriate medical and dietary interventions

4. Provision of appropriate medical and dietary interventions

Integration and strengthening of nutrition services in ante-natal care services
to reduce the prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women from 26.3%
in 2008 to 22.4% in 2016

These nutrition services will include the following:

1. Counseling the mother on the appropriate dietary intake, as well as preparing her
physically and psychologically for breastfeeding

2. Supplementary feeding when needed and possible

3. Iron-folic acid supplementation.

Delivery of an integrated package of nutrition services in the school and
alternative school system to reduce the prevalence of underweight children 6-
10 years old (from 25.6% in 2008 to 21.8% in 2016) and of thin children from
8.9% in 2008 to <5% (not of public health significance) in 2016

The integrated package of services will include
1. Supplementary feeding for thin children
2. Nutrition education through the strengthened integration of nutrition concepts in
the school curriculum and consideration of the different nutrition needs of boys and
girls
14

3. Provision of safe drinking water and sanitary toilet facilities
4. Sustained implementation of the Essential Health Care Program, which includes the
promotion of sanitary practices including personal hygiene and handwashing and bi-
annual deworming
5. Growth monitoring and promotion

At the same time, modules on nutrition and food safety and sanitation in the Alternative
Learning System including the curriculum developed for indigenous peoples

Increasing the supply and consumption of micronutrients to reduce or
maintain the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency
disorders to levels below public health significance; reduce the prevalence of
anemia among infants 6-11 months old, one-year -olds, pregnant and
lactating women to less than moderate levels (<40%)

This strategy will involve the following interventions.

1. Micronutrient supplementation

a. Ensuring high coverage of prophylactic vitamin A supplementation for
children under five years old through the Garantisadong Pambata Expanded
Program

b. Vitamin A supplementation of high-risk cases specifically children with
measles

c. Iron supplementation of pregnant women for 180 days as well as weekly iron
supplementation of non-pregnant women including adolescent females

d. Iodine supplementation for pregnant women in areas with high levels of
iodine deficiency disorders that are not well reached by adequately-iodized
salt

e. Use of multiple micronutrient powder for infants and young children

2. Food fortification that will involve public-private partnership include:

a. Continued implementation of RA 8976 on the mandatory fortification at
prescribed levels of rice with iron, flour with vitamin A and iron, sugar and
cooking oil with vitamin A until a new policy on mandatory food
fortification of staples is adopted

b. Strict implementation of salt iodization program through the enforcement of
RA 8172 or ASIN Law
1) Close monitoring at the points of production and storage, ports, food
establishments and outlets
2) Mobilizing local government units for closer monitoring through
Bantay Asin or equivalent groups
15

3) Adoption of the WYD testing for quality assurance and investing in
the needed equipment and supplies accordingly
4) Implementation of internal on-site quality assurance system
5) Increasing accredited laboratories for salt testing in different parts of
the country

c. Provision of support to salt industry along technology development and
improvement, quality assurance systems, and incentives related to
investment priorities
1) Assistance to salt producers and traders in developing and setting up
and maintaining quality control systems, including the training of
plant managers on quality control and assurance
2) Assessment and implementation of viable incentives from the
national and local governments
3) Strengthening the provision of effective incentive structures to salt
producers, traders, and importers
4) Organization of salt cooperatives
5) Facilitating access to fortificant, and qualitative and quantitative test
kit

d. Strengthened implementation of voluntary food fortification to sustain the
fortification of processed foods with one or more of vitamin A, iron, or iodine

3. Promotion of the home-based production and consumption of foods rich in vitamin A
and iron with emphasis on animal food sources especially for infants and young
children and including fortified foods; as well as on substances that facilitate (e.g.
fats for vitamin A and vitamin C-rich foods for iron) or prevent the absorption of
nutrients (e.g. substances in coffee and tea) and what can be done to enable the body
to absorb as much nutrients as possible

a. Provision of material support for fruit and vegetable gardening, and raising of
small animals

b. Multimedia campaign on increased consumption of foods rich in vitamin A
and iron, and of fortified food

c. Integration of related information in the school curricula

4. Promotion of the consumption of fortified foods

5. Continuing advocacy among producers of fortified foods to ensure their compliance
to related regulations

6. Prevention and management of related infections (Please see page 16)

16

Increasing food supply at the community level and economic access to the
available food supply to decrease the percentage of Filipino households with
inadequate calorie intake from 66.7% in 2008 to 34.7% in 2016

1. Increasing food supply at the community and household levels through food
production policies and programs and the development and maintenance of facilities
that will allow improved distribution of food

a. Pursue appropriate agriculture, agrarian reform, and trade policies and
programs that will ensure stable supply of key food commodities at
affordable prices
1) Implement the Food Staples Self-Sufficiency Roadmap for 2011-2016
2) Ensure availability of staples at affordable prices
3) Raise productivity, diversify production, promote value-adding to
products, develop markets and sharpen regulatory competence
4) Optimize operations of mariculture and broaden the aquaculture
base
5) Enhance farmer access to knowledge and innovation, assets
particularly land and water; markets, to enable farmers to pool their
outputs and sell to large purchasers, and credit

b. Improve agriculture infrastructures and facilities (irrigation, post-harvest
facilities, ports development, construction of farm-to-market roads, land and
air transport) to ensure equitable distribution of food and stabilize food
prices

c. Establish kitchen gardens in homes to include small-sized animals all year
round

d. Stockpile basic commodities to ensure food supply during emergencies

e. Pursue policies and programs that will stabilize the prices of non-food goods
(especially fuel) and services

f. Increase investments in agriculture and give farmers access to:

1) Knowledge and innovation (research and development on more
resilient and more sustainable agriculture technologies)

2) Assets particularly land and water

3) Markets, to enable farmers to pool their outputs and sell to large
purchasers

4) Credit and financing

17

2. Improving economic access to food

a. Pursue appropriate policies and programs that will create an environment
conducive to investments that will also generate sustainable jobs through
public-private partnership

1) Transform agrarian reform beneficiaries into viable entrepreneurs

2) Direct or indirect creation of employment opportunities both at the
industry and SME levels

3) Promote creation of permanent employment side by side with
emergency employment

4) Support micro-entrepreneurs by establishing relationships with
neighboring communities as service providers or building capacities
as potential supply chain

b. Pursue appropriate policies and programs that will develop skills that are
consistent with the job market at national and local levels

3. Build capacities for rural development

a. Off-farm and in-between seasons employment (product development,
packaging and marketing)

b. Employment of at least one member of the poor household

c. Creation of links with industries and markets

4. Protect the vulnerable from food insecurity through food-based safety nets,
specifically direct distribution of rice and other basic commodity, and providing
emergency employment

5. Converge social protection like health insurance, social security (pensions),
conditional transfers, employment guarantees, microcredit and crop insurance in
areas must vulnerable to food insecurity and hunger

Promote a healthy lifestyle to prevent a further increase in the levels of
overweight and obesity among children and adults

Promotion of healthy lifestyle will be anchored on healthy eating, increased physical activity,
managing stress, no smoking and drinking of alcohol in the community, school, and
workplace.

The nutrition component of the healthy lifestyle package include the following intervention
packages:

1. Multimedia campaign on increased consumption of fruits and vegetables including
root crops

18

2. Wellness programs with a nutrition component in elementary and secondary schools
and in the workplace

3. Enforcement of the school policy regulating school canteens on the sale of cola
drinks and snack foods in line with the promotion of good nutrition

4. Installation of appropriate infrastructure like walking and running lanes, bicycle
lanes to promote physical activity

5. Use of a network for referrals for a comprehensive program for weight reduction

a. Network of nutritionist-dietitians, pediatricians, child psychologists for
overweight and obese children

b. Teen centers for adolescents

c. Network of nutritionist-dietitians and endocrinologists for overweight and
obese adults

6. Appropriate nutritional care of older persons

.
A range of strategies to contribute to the achievement of all nutrition outcomes

1. Prevention and management of infections particularly diarrhea, pneuomonia, malaria
and schistosomiasis

a. Immunization of children

b. Appropriate management of childhood illnesses

c. Zinc supplementation in the management of diarrhea

d. Setting up systems of safe water supply

e. Regular deworming of children

f. Appropriate management of infections with direct link to one or more
nutritional deficiencies like malaria and schistosomiasis

2. Promotion of desirable nutrition and lifestyle behaviours through a multimedia
campaign on the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos

3. Ensuring access to safe drinking water supply, sanitary toilet facilities and
promotion of personal hygiene and sanitary practices

4. Monitoring of weight and height of preschool and school-age children

a. Provision of tools for measuring height (height board) and weight (weighing
scale) and determining weight and height status (growth charts and table of
standards)
19

b. Training, monitoring, and coaching on the proper measurement and use of
information generated to promote optimum growth

5. Ensuring universal health insurance coverage

6. Managing population size, growth and distribution, including appropriate birth
spacing

7. Coordination and integration of efforts for addressing hunger and malnutrition

a. Organization and operations of coordinating structures for nutrition at
national and local levels, specifically the NNC Governing Board, the Salt
Iodization Board, local nutrition committees, and subject matter-specific
technical working groups.

b. Formulation of PPAN strategic plans, updated PPAN 2011-2016 and annual
operational plans at national and local levels that could involve the
formulation of programs along the priorities of action, e.g.
1) Program on Infant and Young Child Feeding
2) Food Fortification Program
3) Micronutrient Supplementation Program
4) Nutrition education
5) Home, School and Community Food Production Program
6) Healthy Lifestyle Program
7) Hunger Mitigation Program
8) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Program

c. Integration of nutrition considerations in overall development and sectoral
policies, plans, programs, and projects

d. Capacity building for local nutrition program management

e. Development, training, continuing education, and mentoring supervision of
community-based nutrition volunteers or barangay nutrition scholars

f. Development, implementation of results-based monitoring and evaluation
system and its integration into the Philippine Food and Nutrition
Surveillance System

g. Adoption of key nutrition and related policies at national and local levels

1) Legislation on
a) Mandatory plantilla positions on nutrition at the local level
b) Incentives for barangay nutrition scholars
c) Funding allocation for nutrition and related programs, e.g.
assured funding for micronutrient supplementation,
establishment of Nutrition Improvement Fund

20

2) Policies, guidelines, and standards on
a) Operation Timbang Plus
b) Growth monitoring of preschool and school children
c) Nutrition planning at national and local levels
d) Nutrition education
e) Integration of nutrition considerations in development and
sectoral policies, programs, and projects
f) Strengthening the gender perspective of nutrition action
g) Community-based management of acute malnutrition
h) Guidelines to implement the policy on nutrition
management in emergencies

h. Conduct of research for informed decision making on nutrition action to
include but not limited to the following:

1) Causality of thinness among school-age children

2) Causality of undernutrition among boys

3) Nutrition conditions of children with disabilities, in institutions, and
out-of-school youth

4) Assessment and determination of incentive package for the salt
industry

5) Research related to legislation on extended maternity leave and on
mandatory nutrition labeling

6) Modeling of the integration of nutrition and related interventions in
antenatal care

7) Modeling of a sustainable school nutrition program

8) Potential use of positive deviance approach to prevent
undernutrition

9) Evaluation of specific components of MTPPAN 2011-2016

10) Nutritional implications of macro-economic and sectoral policies
and programs

21

Plan implementation, monitoring and evaluation

Plan implementation

Implementing and translating the PPAN 2011-2016 into specific programs, projects, and
activities will be the joint effort of selected national government agencies, local government
units, nongovernment organizations, the food industry, the academe, and international
development organizations.

While plan implementation will be the primary responsibility of local government units,
national government agencies will provide the needed policy support, continuously build
capacities for nutrition program management (that will include the range of processes related
to planning, monitoring, evaluation and coordination), and the provision of various forms of
logistics support especially to poor municipalities and provinces. The involvement of
national government agencies in implementing PPAN 2011-2016 will be further concretized in
the PPAN 2011-2016 investment plan and integrated in the agencys annual budget proposal.

Nongovernment organizations will also be involved in plan implementation through their
specific nutrition and related programs and projects in close coordination with relevant
national government agencies and the local governments in their areas of operation.

The food industrys main involvement will be along compliance to legislation on mandatory
and voluntary food fortification. It will also continue to ensure the safety of foods that it
manufactures and markets. It will also be involved and participate in efforts for continuously
raising awareness and consciousness on desirable nutrition and related practices as
contained in the Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos.

Academic institutions will contribute primarily through the conduct of researches that will
address information gaps for more effective policy, plan, and program formulation, and in the
dissemination of research results. The integration of key nutrition concepts and practices in
the curricula especially in medicine and allied medical courses, agriculture, and other
development-oriented courses will also be an involvement of academic institutions, together
with extension services through which various forms of nutrition and related services are
delivered in target communities. Academic institutions will also be tapped for training
nutrition and related workers along specific concerns of PPAN 2011-2016.

International development organizations will complement the resources of national and local
governments for nutrition programs and projects. They will also continue to extend
technical assistance and facilitate across-country sharing and learnings along efforts for
nutrition improvement. They will coordinate among themselves and with national and local
governments in their areas of operation.

Monitoring and evaluation

The Philippine Food and Nutrition Surveillance System will continue to provide the overall
mechanism for monitoring and evaluating PPAN 2011-2016.

It will include three componentsone for collecting, processing, and analysing data that will
indicate progress of plan implementation at both output and financial utilization levels,
another for assessing the progress toward achieving the plan targets in terms of changes in
the nutrition situation, and another for providing early warning on an impending worsening
situation in specific parts of the country. .
22

Assessing progress of plan implementation will use a mix of strategies that include a system
for regular reporting horizontally (within one level) and vertically (from one level to the next
higher level), conduct of regular meetings of the various committees in the nutrition policy
and coordination structure, and the conduct of field visits for first-hand observation of
outputs, activities, and interaction with implementors and beneficiaries.

Determining changes in the nutrition situation will use extensively the results of existing
national survey systems. These survey systems include the national nutrition survey of the
FNRI-DOST, the National Demographic and Health Survey, Family Income and Expenditure
Survey, and the Annual Poverty Indicator Survey, among others.

It will likewise strengthen related local systems at the local level, particularly the Operation
Timbang Plus system as well as the system for Monitoring and Evaluation of Local Level Plan
Implementation (MELLPI).

Plan implementation will be assessed through the conduct of annual program
implementation review (PIR) at the national and local levels. A mid-term review will be
conducted at the middle of the plan cycle in time for the assessment of the NEDA PIR for the
assessment of the Philippine Development Plan, and an end-term review in the last year of
the planning cycle in preparation for plan formulation for the next development planning
cycle. The regular program review will enable stakeholders to make appropriate decisions to
enhance or modify program strategies. It will involve discussions and sharing of good
practices to identify emerging opportunities for nutrition improvement and quickly respond
to implementation issues.

An appropriate nutrition early warning system will be set up at both national and local levels
within the plan period. The system is envisioned to generate key and sensitive indicators
that could signal an impending worsening of the nutrition situation to allow timely
intervention.

The monitoring and evaluation system will likewise have a feedback mechanism to ensure
that the results of monitoring will be used to institute adjustments for improvement and
acknowledge those with outstanding performance. At the local level, the monitoring system
will provide the basis for local nutrition committees to immediately act and intervene for
nutrition problem.

Organization and management

The structure for coordinating nutrition action at the national and local levels (Figure 11) will
continue to provide the mechanism for integrating and harmonizing actions for nutrition
improvement. A continuing effort will be along ensuring the functionality and sustainability
of these structures.

23

Figure 11. National Nutrition Council Structure for Coordination

The NNC Governing Board

The National Nutrition Council Governing Board will continue to provide overall leadership
in plan formulation, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and coordination.

The NNC Governing Board is composed of the following:
1. Secretary of Health, Chairperson
2. Secretary of Agriculture, Vice-Chairperson
3. Secretary of the Interior and Local Government, Vice-Chairperson
4. Secretary of Budget and Management
5. Secretary of Education
6. Secretary of Labor and Employment
7. Secretary of Science and Technology
8. Secretary of Social Welfare and Development
9. Secretary of Trade and Industry
10. Secretary of Socio-Economic Planning and Director-General, National Economic and
Development Authority
11. Three private sector representatives appointed by the President of the Philippines for
a two-year term
National Nutrition Council
Secretariat
National Nutrition Council
Governing Board
Regional Nutrition Committee
Chair: Regional Director*
Municipal Nutrition Committee
Chair: Municipal Mayor
Provincial Nutrition Committee
Chair: Governor City Nutrition Committee
Chair: City Mayor
Technical
Committee
* Elected from among the regional directors of regional government agencies
Barangay Nutrition Committee
Chair: Barangay Chairman
24

The NNC Governing Board draws its mandate from various policy instruments as listed
below.

EO 234, which has the effect of a law :

1. Formulate national food and nutrition policies and strategies for nutritional
improvement;
2. Coordinate the planning, and monitor and evaluate the implementation of the
integrated national food and nutrition program;
3. Coordinate the release of funds for nutrition programs and projects as well as the
requests for grants and loans by government and non-government agencies involved
in the food and nutrition program; and
4. Call on any department, bureau, office, agency, and other instrumentalities of
government for assistance in the form of personnel, facilities, and resources as the
need arises.

EO 616, April 2007. Oversee implementation of the Accelerated Hunger-Mitigation Program
(AHMP) to ensure that hunger-mitigation measures are in place.

SDC Resolution No. 1 series 2003. Lead in ensuring the achievement of MDG goals and
targets on hunger and malnutrition

RA 8976, 2000. Determine need for continued mandatory fortification; which nutrients,
which staples or food vehicles

RA 8172, 1995. Formulate policies and coordinate the national salt iodization program

The NNC Secretariat

The NNC Secretariat will continue to serve as the executive arm of the NNC Governing
Board. It is headed by an executive director, assisted by two (2) deputy executive directors.
It has three technical divisions (nutrition policy and planning; nutrition surveillance; and
nutrition information and education) and two support divisions (administrative and
finance). Its seventeen (17) regional offices are headed by nutrition program coordinators.

The functions of the NNC Secretariat are:

1. Advise the Board on nutrition policy and program matters;
2. Coordinate with government agencies and non-government organizations for
nutrition program management and resource programming;
3. Recommend a comprehensive food and nutrition policy;
4. Develop measures to improve the implementation of PPAN;
5. Monitor and analyse nutrition and related socio-economic data for a periodic
statement on the countrys nutrition situation;
6. Monitor and evaluate the PPAN;
25

7. Develop and implement a comprehensive advocacy, information and education
strategy for the PPAN; and
8. Provide technical, financial, and logistics support to local government units and
agencies for the development and implementation of nutrition programs and
projects.

NNC Technical Committee

The NNC Technical Committee is composed of heads of major department bureaus and
agencies involved in nutrition and appropriate non-governmental organizations. It provides
technical assistance to the Board and NNC Secretariat and facilitates inter-agency and intra-
agency coordination, supervision and monitoring, and implementation of nutrition policies
and programs.

When needed, the NNC Governing Board and Council Secretariat may also create Technical
Working Groups (TWGs), task forces, ad hoc bodies, and other interagency bodies as may be
needed to address particular issues and strengthen interagency collaboration.

Regional Nutrition Committee

At the regional level, the Regional Nutrition Committee will continue to coordinate nutrition
action at the local level.

It will be composed of the same agencies as the NNC Governing Board with additional
member agencies as may be needed and appropriate for the region.

Its functions are to formulate, coordinate, monitor, and evaluate the regional nutrition action
plan. It also extends technical assistance to local nutrition committees along nutrition
program management.

It may create technical working groups and other similar inter-agency groups to attend to
address particular issues and strengthen interagency coordination.

The NNC Regional Office will provide technical and secretariat support to the Regional
Nutrition Committee

Local Nutrition Committees

Local nutrition committees that replicate the inter-agency composition of the NNC
Governing Board will also continue to be the coordinating structure for nutrition action at
the local level. Local nutrition committees will be advocated to be either a committee or a
subcommittee of the local development council.

The functions of the local nutrition committee are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Functions of local nutrition committees
Provincial Nutrition
Committee
City/Municipal Nutrition
Committee
Barangay Nutrition
Committee
1. Assesses the provincial
nutrition situation
1. Assesses the city/municipal
nutrition situation
1. Assesses the barangay
nutrition situation
26

Provincial Nutrition
Committee
City/Municipal Nutrition
Committee
Barangay Nutrition
Committee
2. Formulates the provincial
nutrition action plan
complementary to and
integrated with other plans
of the LGU and higher level
plans
2. Formulates the
city/municipal nutrition
action plan complementary
to and integrated with other
plans of the LGU and higher
level plans
2. Formulates the barangay
nutrition action plan
complementary to and
integrated with other plans
of the LGU and higher level
plans
3. Coordinates, monitors and
evaluates plan
implementation and
recommends and adopts
appropriate actions
evaluates plan
implementation and
appropriate actions
evaluates plan
implementation and
appropriate actions
4. Organizes groups to
implement nutrition
intervention activities
4. Mobilizes resources to
ensure the plan is
implemented
ensure the plan is
implemented
ensure the plan is
implemented
5. Holds at least quarterly
meetings to monitor
program performance
meetings to monitor
program performance
meetings to monitor
program performance
6. Extend technical
assistance to municipal
nutrition committees on
nutrition program
management and related
concerns, including the
conduct of periodic visits
and meetings with the
C/MNC
6. Extend technical assistance
to barangay nutrition
committees on nutrition
program management and
related concerns, including
the conduct of periodic
visits and meetings with the
BNC

7. Monitors the performance
of Municipal/ Barangay
Nutrition Action Plan
7. Monitors the performance
of Barangay Nutrition
Action Plan

The local chief executive chairs local nutrition committees, providing leadership in nutrition
planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. More specific functions include 1) the
organization, reorganization, and strengthening of the local nutrition committee
(horizontally and vertically), 2) securing and providing funds for implementing the local
nutrition action plan, and 3) presiding over meetings of the local nutrition committee. The
local chief executive also appoints the nutrition action officer either as a full-time worker or a
designee from among the heads of offices of the local government. The city/municipal mayor
also appoints barangay nutrition scholars

The nutrition action officer attends to the day-to-day coordination of local nutrition action.
He/she initiates the activities to actualize the functions of the local nutrition committee, e.g.
plan formulation, monitoring, evaluation, advocacy for the concerns of the nutrition action
plan, provision of technical assistance to the lower nutrition committee and conduct of
regular meetings. An effort during the plan period will be to encourage local chief executives
to hire full-time nutrition action officers with the appropriate staff and office support.

27

Attachment 1
Regional breakdown of selected nutrition indicators

Prevalence rate of various forms of undernutrition based on the 2008 national nutrition survey conducted by the Food and Nutrition Research
Institute of the Department of Science and Technology

Children 0-5 years old Thinness
among
6-10 year
olds
Anemia % with
UIE<50
mcg/L
6-12 yrs
old
Median urinary iodine excretion
Underweight
for-age
Stunting Wasting
6 mos
5
years
Pregnant Lactating
6 12
years
Pregnant Lactating
Philippines 20.7 32.3 6.9 8.1 23.7 42.5 31.4 19.7 132 105 81
I 20.3 27.5 6.5 10.1 29.4 33.3 36.6 9.9 159 82 112
II 20.5 31.1 8.0 7.3 39.3 60.0 58.2 4.7 233 157 161
III 14.5 22.3 7.1 7.7 21.4 40.7 31.5 10.2 191 143 94
IV-A 16.5 24.8 6.5 9.8 22.9 37.8 25.6 11.9 170 111 97
IV-B 26.6 37.2 7.0 11.0 25.4 49.6 28.1 28.3 115 75 67
V 26.4 38.2 8.0 10.3 24.9 51.1 24.3 13.7 135 125 97
VI 25.0 39.1 8.5 11.3 29.1 61.5 44.5 24.0 117 111 74
VII 19.4 35.1 4.6 5.1 20.4 40.4 35.0 24.5 119 82 63
VIII 26.4 41.1 6.7 5.9 16.1 39.5 23.6 37.7 83 83 58
IX 25.4 40.3 8.0 7.5 20.5 34.1 17.3 26.0 84 68 48
X 21.6 37.7 6.6 5.9 16.0 35.7 22.9 30.4 90 38 55
XI 22.0 37.0 5.7 6.3 15.4 22.6 24.1 37.4 68 62 50
XII 24.7 39.6 6.9 5.6 34.8 49.8 39.6 27.9 109 105 72
CARAGA 22.7 37.2 7.8 4.6 29.0 34.3 25.8 36.1 85 94 49
NCR 17.4 24.7 6.2 8.1 23.7 48.0 39.8 13.8 202 135 128
CAR 15.5 36.3 5.8 4.5 12.4 22.6 26.8 13.8 158 107 99
ARMM 24.4 39.7 10.3 8.7 22.7 47.3 29.8 17.8 101 85 88
28

Prevalence rate of various forms of overweight and obesity based on the 2008 national nutrition survey conducted by the Food and Nutrition
Research Institute of the Department of Science and Technology

Overweight
children 0-5
years old
6-10 years old 10-19 years old 20 years and above
Overweight Obesity Overweight Obesity Overweight Obesity
Philippines 3.3 6.5 4.6 26.6
I 3.6 3.5 3.0 5.5 1.9 19.5 3.5
II 3.4 3.2 3.3 4.6 1.3 18.7 3.6
III 5.1 4.1 4.3 5.5 2.3 23.8 6.0
IV-A 3.9 4.7 4.0 6.6 2.0 23.3 6.0
IV-B 2.5 2.3 0.9 2.4 0.9 16.8 3.7
V 1.6 1.9 0.8 2.4 0.2 17.5 3.0
VI 3.2 2.7 2.5 2.7 1.2 16.2 3.2
VII 2.2 2.8 1.7 3.7 1.8 22.4 5.6
VIII 1.8 2.8 1.5 2.6 0.8 20.9 6.1
IX 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.3 19.2 4.7
X 2.2 3.7 1.8 3.5 1.0 23.1 6.0
XI 2.0 3.5 2.8 4.7 1.2 23.4 5.4
XII 2.2 3.4 1.7 3.4 0.6 20.9 4.5
CARAGA 2.0 3.7 1.9 4.9 0.8 23.9 5.7
NCR 4.1 5.7 6.9 7.6 2.6 34.8 7.4
CAR 4.9 6.9 3.2 6.6 1.6 24.4 5.5
ARMM 5.9 3.0 2.4 4.5 1.2 14.3 2.8

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