Bai 2 - PP.

NCKH

CHUAN B BAO CAO NGHIEN CU KHOA

HOC
(Preparation for a Research Report)

BS. NGUYEN THE

DUNG
MUC TIEU:
1. Trnh bay ung cac bc chuan b cua 1 bao cao nghien cu khoa
hoc
2. Liet ke ay u cac ac iem ve cach viet 1 bao cao nghien
cu khoa hoc.
3. Trnh bay ay u phan than chnh cua 1 bao cao nghien cu khoa
hoc.
I. GII THIEU
Giai oan cuoi cua tien trnh NCKH la chuan b ban bao cao. Viec
anh gia sau cung 1 cong trnh NCKH hoan toan da tren bao cao
NCKH (BC. NCKH) a c chuan b nay. Do vay, viec chuan b bao
cao NCKH can c thc hien that tot.
Co ba loai BC. NCKH: 1 BC. NCKH hoan chnh, 2 BC. NCKH ang trien
khai, va 3 BC. NCKH e ang bao.
II. CAC BC CHUAN B
e hoan tat tot viec viet BC. NCKH, can thc hien 3 bc chuan
b sau ay:
Bc 1: Xem xet lai toan bo qua trnh NCKH theo th t ma cong
trnh a c tien
hanh.
+ Van e (cau hoi) nghien cu la g va a c xac nh va
lam sang to ra sao.
+ a co ke hoach hanh ong g e giai quyet van e nay.
+ Cong trnh NC a tm thay nhng g.
+ Li giai cua van e la g; co giai phap g cho van e.
Bc 2: Chuan b 1 dan bai chi tiet cho ban bao cao
+ Van e
- Phat bieu van e va tieu van e
- Tong quan y van
- Gia thuyet can c kiem nh (neu co)
- Tam quan trong
+ Muc tieu
- Muc tieu tong quat va muc tieu chuyen biet
- Cac bien so - bien so oc lap, bien so phu thuoc va
bien so gay nhieu
- Cac ch so/thong so/ so thong ke
+ Phng phap tien hanh:
- Thiet ke NC

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- oi tng NC: dan so NC (dan so chon mau), c mau,

phng phap chon
mau, cach phan nhom va can thiep.
- nh ngha nhng thuat ng chuyen mon can thiet.
- Thu thap so lieu: phng phap, cong cu.
- X ly so lieu
- Phan tch so lieu
+ Ket qua:
- Gia tr cac ch so/thong so/ so thong ke a tnh c
- Cac bang tom tat can c chuan b
- Cac bieu o can c xay dng
+ Ban luan:
- anh gia ket qua tm c cua cong trnh NC
- anh gia ket qua cua cac cong trnh NC khac
- Giai ap van e
- Tong quat hoa: ham y cua li giai, ap dung thc tien,
ngoai suy.
Bc 3: nh ro cac muc sau ay
+ Qui nh ban thao
+ Ta e: ngan, phat bieu ro rang lnh vc NC cua bao cao
+ Tac quyen
III.

CACH VIET BC. NCKH

A. CAC AC IEM VE CACH VIET
e co the viet tot 1 BC. NCKH, can lu y cac ac iem sau:
1. Cach hanh van phai ro rang. Dung ch n gian va chnh

xac
2. Trnh bay s kien va cac suy dien hp logique. Ch phat bieu
nhng ieu co
bang chng ho tr. Khong suy dien vt qua tam mc cua
s kien cho phep.
3. S dung loai bang va bieu de hieu.
4. Trnh bay co th t.
5. Khong viet dai qua mc can thiet. Nhng cung khong c
viet qua ngan v
se b xem la cha hoan chnh.
B. PHAN THAN CHNH CUA BC. NCKH
Gom cac phan sau ay.
1. C s ly luan hoac at van e (Rationale) hoac Gii
thieu (Introduction)
Bao gom 2 nhom y ln:
1.1.
Tai sao tien hanh cong trnh NCKH nay: Phat bieu VNC,
Tong quan Y
van lien quan, Cau hoi NC va Gia thuyet NC.
1.2. Li ch d kien cua cong trnh NC: Muc tieu NC va Tam quan
trong cua
ket qua d kien.
2. Phng phap tien hanh (Methodology)
Phan nay giai thch cach tien hanh cong trnh NCKH. Can mo
ta chnh xac ieu a thc hien vi cac chi tiet u e ngi oc
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phan oan xem co the chap nhan ket qua nghien cu tren c s
tnh thch hp cua phng phap hay khong. Bao gom va mo ta cac chi
tiet sau.
2.1.

Thiet ke nghien cu

+ Loai thiet ke NC
+ oi tng NC: mo ta dan so ch (target population) va dan
so chon mau (sampled population). C mau, phng phap chon mau.
nh ngha va tieu chuan e nhan vao - loai ra (mau NC), ch nh
xep nhom va can thiep.
2.2.
+
+
+
+
2.3.

Thu thap so lieu

Nguon goc so lieu
Phng phap thu thap so lieu
So lieu a thu thap
Cong cu thu thap so lieu
X ly va Phan tch so lieu

+ Cac bc a tien hanh khi x ly so lieu

+
Thiet ke thong ke: cac tnh toan va cac phep
kiem a x dung.
3. Ket qua (Results)
Thng c trnh bay di hnh thc bang, bieu, va o thi
(co anh so, at
ten, va co nhan xet).
Thng bat au bang trnh bay ve cac ac iem cua oi
tng nghien cu
(tuoi, phai, nghe nghiep, v..v..)
Trnh t thng theo th t cua cac muc tieu NC.
Noi dung la cac so lieu co lien quan en muc tieu va gia
thuyet NC
4. Ban luan (Discussion/Comment)
Bao gom 3 phan:
+ Giai thch so lieu: a ra mot so suy dien da tren ket
qua, giai thch ket qua trong moi lien quan vi ly thuyet va vi
cong trnh NCKH khac. So sanh ket qua vi cac cong trnh khac va
neu ra nhng thieu sot co the co cua cong trnh. a ra nhng giai
thch hp ly va logique.
+ Rut ra cac gi y: cac gi y nay co the la nhng ong
gop them cho cac ly thuyet hien co, hoac gi y cho nhng cong
trnh NCKH sau nay.
+ Ap dung thc tien: Chng minh cac ap dung thc tien cua
ket qua cong trnh.
5. Ket luan (Conclusions)
Ch ra viec cac ket qua co ho tr cho gia thuyet NC hay
khong, hoac viec cac ket qua co y ngha g so vi cau hoi NC. Cac
ket luan that s la nhng suy dien chnh yeu cua cong trnh NC da
tren cac ket qua thu thap c.
Phan nay co the bao gom nhng khuyen cao cho cac cong trnh
NCKH sau nay va 1 ban luan nho ve cau hoi NC mi va c e
ra.
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6. Tom tat (Summary)

Trnh bay ngan gon: phat bieu VNC, mo ta phng phap
tien hanh, va ban luan tren cac ket qua chu yeu.
----------------------------------------------------THAM KHAO
1. Fernando S. S. ; Susie I. M. and Jane C. B. Planning Research. Philippine Council for
Health Research
and Development. Manila. 1989: Session VIII.
2. Laurna R. and James J..N. Research Techniques for the Health Sciences. Macmillan
Pub. Company,
New
York. 1987: Ch. 14.
3. Stephen H. G. Interpreting the medical literature 3 rd edition. McGraw-Hill International
Editions. 1993:
Ch. 1.

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