LIQUIFIED

PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES
&
CHARACTERISTICS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
COMMERCIAL PROPANE
COMMERCIAL BUTANE
MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER
BIS 4576 : 1978
TEST METHODS
STORAGE
PRESSURE VESSEL
REFRIGERATED VESSEL
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
TYPICAL COMPOSITION
MAINLY C3 & C4
MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5
DEPENDS ON SOURCE
REFINERY
FRACTIONATORS
SR GRADE
APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
NIL IMPURITIES
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COLOUR
LIQUID PHASE
VAPOUR PHASE
ODOUR
FAINT SMELL
STENCHING
DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY
VAPOUR PHASE
1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY
SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY
LIQUID PHASE
0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE
CENTIGRADE
VAPOUR PRESSURE
TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.
120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.
VOLATILITY
RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION
0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE
15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE
PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.
FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE

FLAMMIBILITY
LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT
LIKE GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )
HEL : 9%
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
COMBUSTION
INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50
TIMES AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES
OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART
FROM HEAT
RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE
VENTILATION
C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.
FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.
WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT.
IGNITION TEMP.
AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG.
CENT.
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
BOILING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.
(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.
MELTING OR FREEZING POINT
TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS
VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.
VISCOSITY
VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER
PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS
REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE &
HANDLING SYSTEM
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
SOLUBILITY
LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER
SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS &
ALCOHAL
TOXICITY
HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN
RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION
ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC
CAUSTIC RESIDUE
USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN
SULPHIDE
IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION
CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE
ELIMINATED
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
EFFECT OF WATER
CORROSION
PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES
EFFECT OF AIR
POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE
MIXTURE
AUTO IGNITION
PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING
COMMISSIONING
RETARDS FILLING
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
HEALTH HAZARD
NON TOXIC
ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN
NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE
QTY
FIRE HAZARD
PRODUCT DISCHARGE
STATIC ELECTRICITY
PYROPHORIC IRON
BLEVE
UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION
INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED
KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING
AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT
BAKING
CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING,
OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN
CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING,
FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS,
FILAMENT ANNEALING
INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS
ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING,
ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT
BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT
FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING
GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING,
POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING
METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET
HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS
RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-
HEATING

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD
PIERCING, WELDING
PACKAGING : SOLDERING
TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING,
CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT
DRYING, DYEING, VELVET
PROCESSING
MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT,
BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING
LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS
RIGHT FUEL
FACTOR : ECONOMICS
AVAILABILITY
APPLICATION SUITABLITY
STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR
BULK
FACTOR : CONSUMPTION
AVAILABILITY
ECONOMICS APPLICATION
SUITABILITY



LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION
FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF
CONSUMPTION
DAILY / MONTHLY
CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM SUPPY
POINT
CYLINDER ROOM / BULK
STORAGE




LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE
FACTORS : FLOW RATE
PRESSURE DROPS
BRANCHES / POINTS OF
CONSUMPTION
EASE OF REPAIRS /
TROUBLE SHOOTING




LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE
REGULATORS
FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR
BURNERS
RATE OF CONSUMPTION
DISTANCE FROM
INSTALLATION TO
CONSUMING POINT