Cell / Tissues/ Metabolism

Anatomy & Physiology

Basic Structure of the Human Body
The normal function of the human body is
compared to an organized machine
The machine malfunctions, disease occurs
Anatomy: study of form and structure
Physiology: study of processes
Pathophysiology: study of how disease occurs
and bodys response
Cells
Made of protoplasm
Microscopic organisms
Carry on all functions of life
Body contains trillions of cells
Vary in shape and size
Perform different functions
Basic Parts of Cells
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Genome
(continues)
Basic Parts of Cells
(continued)
Centrosome
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Pinocytic vesicles
Mitosis
Asexual reproduction process used
by most cells
Different types of cells reproduce at
different rates
Process of mitosissee Figure 7-2
in text
Meiosis
Process by which sex cells reproduce
Uses two separate cell divisions
Female cells (ova) and male cells (spermatozoa
or sperm) divide to
produce 23 chromosomes each
When ova and sperm combine, 46 chromosomes
result to form zygote
Abnormal Cell Conditions
Atrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Neoplasia
Tissues
Cells of same type joined together
60%99% water
Groups of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle
Organs and Systems
Organ

System
Lesson 1 Organs and Systems
The major body systems
include:
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Sensory system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system
Interdependence of Body Systems
Systems must work together
in order to support human life

Problem in one system may
have effects on other systems
Metabolism
Metabolism

Anabolism

Catabolism


Homeostasis
Keeping a state of balance in
the body

Must preserve a balance of
fluids, temperature, oxygen,
electrolytes, and nutrients for
survival.
Acquired Immunity
Natural acquired immunity
Artificial acquired immunity
Passive acquired immunity
Active acquired immunity
Immunity
Bodys ability to resist
invaders and diseases they
cause

Two general types:
Natural immunity
Acquired immunity