SKELETAL SYSTEM

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Support
Protection
Body movement- muscles pull on bones
Blood cell formation; hemopoiesis- occurs in
Storage

ORGANIZATION
1. Normally 206 bones with 2 main divisions:
&
2. AXIAL = skull, ribs, breastbone, spinal column
3. APPENDICULAR: limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the:
o Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, arm and leg bones
TYPES OF BONES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Long:
Short:
Flat:
Irregular:
Sutures:

BONE STRUCTURE
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Epiphysis- ends of bone, forms a joint (articulates) with another bone

Diaphysis- shaft of the bone
Articular cartilage- hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones
Spongy Bone- ends of long bone- vascular area/ red marrow
Periosteum- tough membrane like covering over entire bone
Medullary Cavity- hollow chamber within the diaphysis, contains bone marrow
Red marrow = mainly in spongy bone in adults, produces blood cells

YOUR NOTES!!!!

8. Yellow marrow = fat storage

3 BASIC TYPES OF JOINTS (ARTICULATIONS)
1. Synarthrotic- immovable joint, these are called
2. Amphiarthrotic- slightly moveable joint, vertebrae
3. Diarthrotic- freely moveable joint, have a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid
1. Ball and socket2. Hinge3. Pivot4. SaddleBONES OF THE SKULL
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2.
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7.

Frontal: anterior portion, above the eyes

Parietal- one on each side of the skull. Just behind the frontal bone
Occipital- forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium
Temporal- forms parts of the sides and base of the cranium
Sphenoid- within the cranium, partly visible in the eye socket
Maxilla- forms upper jaw
Mandible- lower jaw, only moveable bone in the skull

Sutures: connection points between skull bones

1.
2.
3.
4.

Between frontal and parietal bones

Between occipital and parietal bones
Between temporal and parietal bones
Between parietal bones

Fontanels: soft spots of an infants skull, form sutures as you age, top spot =anterior fontanel
Foramen Magnum- large opening through underside of skull, where the spinal cord enters skull

THE REST OF THE BONES

Vertebrae- Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Coccyx

Ribs: Thoracic Cage, 12 pairs

:first7 pairs

: last five pairs

: last two pairs

Pectoral Girdle: Shoulder, 2 clavicles (collar bones) and 2 scapulas (shoulder blade)
*Upper arm:
*Wrist:

*Lower arm:

and

*Hand:

*Fingers:

Pelvic Girdle: Hips.

*2 large hip bones 3 parts:
*Upper leg:

*
*Lower leg:

*Ankle/ Upper foot 7 bones called:

*Foot:

*
&
* Large heel bone:

*Toes:

BROKEN BONES:
Closed, Open (compound), Multiple, Comminuted, Greenstick, Spiral

(spelling!!)