Residual Powers govt always needs to address certain issues Power of control v. power of supervision o Alter ego o Qualified political agency o Memorandum, circulars Appointment. Commission on appointments confirmation Executive Clemency
President as Commander-in-Chief (sec. 18 art. 7) (Calibrated response) Call-out the armed forces o (presence of rebellion etc. not necessary) o Lawless violence
Suspension of Privilege of writ of habeas corpus o (call the person who detained a person, o explain the legal ground for his/her detention), o not automatic(separate from martial law), o incases of rebellion, insurrection, etc (3 days detention) (no need to declare a state of rebellion,unnecessary-implied) o o when the public safety requires it Martial law o (putting the state in military govt, o pres acting as commander in chief, o powers(executive,legislative and judiciary-military tribunals), o 60-day unless extended by congress-first check(congress cant be dissolved), o civilian courts and supreme are not also closed- 2 nd check- determine WON the President acted arbitrarily; whether or not there is an actual basis-relied on reports{whether or not these reports are true, the SC cannot inquire into}), o In cases of rebellion, insurrection (no need to declare a state of rebellion,unnecessary- implied) o when the public safety requires it
IBP v. Zamora Whether or not the president may call out the armed forces(Ordered the Marines to join in the patrol of PNP in populated areas ); cases lawlessness and violence-bombings Yes, do not need the presence of rebellion for calling out the armed forces-president acting as a chief execution(civilian) and commander-in-chief address the lawless ness, no need for a presidential proclamation.(marines are just support and under the control of PNP in this case) Can be reviewed to determine WON the president acted with abuse of jurisdiction David v. Arroyo Categories of the power of the president Calling out Power (Commander-in-Chief) -Qualified, Condition (time limit, review by other branches etc)
Taking Care power(Civilian President) -Faithful Execution-law enforcement rpc
Emergency Power(Delegated by the Congress) -not limited to typhoons/calamities, any national emergency -Power of the Congress but delegated to the President; taking over private utilities
Navales v. Abaya Jurisdiction of Courts- depends on the charge Violation of Articles of War- Military Court Violation of RPC, Civilian offense- RTC civilian courts
Olaguer v. MC no. 34 Charged civilians- military courts no jurisdiction over civilians.
Contracting Foreign Loans Constantino v Cuisia Buyback Scheme and Bond-conversion (pretermination) Sell bonds and buyback loans o Nature of loans, not limited to those which are expressed in the the consti Signals financial stability o Can do so, necessarily implied
WON the president can delegate the power to contract loans to his alter egos o Yes, alter ego, qualified political agency
Foreign Affairs Power (acting as head of state) o Vinuya v Romulo -Discretion , cannot be reviewed o PMPF v. Manglapus -confidentiality of foreign negotiations- privilege of the president as the head of state -cannot be compelled to divulge information
o Nicolas v. Romulo -WON VFA is valid Contention, not valid because not ratified by the congress of the US -Yes- 1 st argument- ratification by U.S congress internal,cannot inquire to the system 2 nd argument- need not be ratified by congress, not a treaty , just implementation of a treaty.
Comm of Customs- invoice in dollars, not a treaty, just an agreement to implement existing treaties