Capitulo 13 - by - Govata PDF

COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Chapter 13, Solution 1.

Given: Weight of satellite, 1000 lb W =
Speed of satellite, 14, 000 mi/h v =
Find: Kinetic energy, T
( )( )
h
14, 000 mi/h 5280 ft/mi 20, 533 ft/s
3600 s
v
! "
= =
# $
% &

( )
( )
2
2
1000 lb
Mass of satellite 31.0559 lbs /ft
32.2 ft/s
= =
( )( )
2
2 9
1 1
31.0559 20, 533 6.5466 10 lb ft
2 2
T mv = = =
9
6.55 10 lb ft T =
Note: Acceleration of gravity has no effect on the mass of the satellite.

9
6.55 10 lb ft T = !




Circumference
Time
v
! "
# $
% &
=
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( )( )
2 6370 km 35,800 km 1000 m/km
3075.2 m/s
23 hr 3600 s/hr 56 min 60 s/hr
v
+
= =
+

3075.2 m/s v =
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
Kinetic energy, 500 kg 3075.2 m/s
2 2
T mv = =
2.36 GJ T = !




Given: Mass of stone, 2 kg m =
Velocity of stone, 24 m/s v =
Acceleration of gravity on the moon,
2
1.62 m/s
m
g =
Find:
(a) Kinetic energy, T
Height h, from which the stone was dropped
(b) T and h on the Moon
(a) On the Earth ( )( )
2
2
1 1
2 kg 24 m/s 576 N m
2 2
T mv = = = 576 J T = !
( )
( )
2
2 kg 9.81 m/s 19.62 N W mg = = =

1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
0 576 J T U T T U Wh T

= = = = =

( )
( )
2
2
576 N m
29.36 m
19.62 N
T
Wh T h
W

= = = =
29.4 m h = !
(b) On the Moon
Mass is unchanged. 2 kg m =
Thus T is unchanged. 576 J T = !
Weight on the moon is, ( )
( )
2
2 kg 1.62 m/s
m m
W mg = =
N 24 . 3 =
m
W
( ) 576 N m
177.8 m
3.24 N
m
m
T
h
W

= = =
177.8 m
m
h = !




2
1 lb 1
1.6203
16 oz 32.2 ft/s
m
! " ! "
=
# $ # $
% & % &

(a)
2 2
1 1 1.62
(160 ft/s)
2 2 16(32.2)
T mv
! "
= =
# $
% &

40.2 ft-lb T = !
At maximum height,
(160 ft/s) cos 25
x
v v = =
(b)
2
1
(160cos 25 )
2
T m =
33.1 ft-lb T = !




Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C.
At 1
0
y
F =
1
1
cos30 0
cos30
N mg
N mg
! =
=

0
y
F =
2
2
= 0 N mg
N mg
!
=

Work and energy

1 1 2 2
T V T
+ = (1)
Where

2 2
1 1
1 1
(4ft/s) 8
2 2
T mv m m + = =

1 2 1 2
(20) ( sin30 )
k k
V N d N mg d
= +

2 2
2 2
1 1
(8) 32
2 2
T mv m m = = =
Into (1)
8 cos30 (20) sin30 32
k k
m mgd mg mgd m + =
Solve for
32 8 20 32 8 (0.25) (32.2) (20)
20.3 ft
cos30 sin30 ( 0.25) (32.2) (0.866 32.2(0.5))
k
k
g
d
g g
+ +
= = =
+ +
!

At 2




(a) Use work and energy from A to B.
1 1 2 2
T V T
+ =

2 2
1 1
1 1 50
(40) 1242.24 ft lb
2 2 32.2
T mv
! "
= = =
# $
% &

2
0 T = (Stops at top)

1 2
sin 20 U Nx mg x
=
N is needed

y
0 F = cos 20 (50 lb) cos 20 46.985 lb N W ' = = =
So

1 2
0.15(46.985) 50sin 20
24.149
U x x
x
=
=

Substitute
1242.24 24.149 0 x =
51.44 ft x = 51.4 ft x = !
(b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A

2 2 3 3
T U T
+ =
Where
2
0 T = (At B)

2 3
sin 20
k
U W x Nx
=
(50) sin 20 (51.44) 0.15(46.985) (51.44) =
517.13 ft lb =



2 2 2
3 3 3 3
1 1 50
0.7764
2 2 32.2
T mv v v
! "
= = =
# $
% &

Substitute

2
3
0 517.13 0.7764v + =

3
25.81 ft/s v =
3
25.8 ft/s v =
20 !
(c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy

2 2
1 3 1 2
1 1
2 2
T T mv mv =

2 2
1 50
(40 25.81 )
2 32.2
! "
=
# $
% &

725 ft lb =
Energy dissipated 725 ft lb = !




Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)
19, 620 N W =
Initial Velocity A, 0m/s
A
v =
Incline Angle, 6 =
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C
0
C
v =
Find; speed of automobile at point B, v
B

Coefficient of static friction,
(a) (19620 N) (150 m)sin6
A B A B
U Wh

=

3
307.63 10 N m =

2
1
0
2
A B B A
U T T mv
= =

3 2
1
307.63 10 N m (2000kg) 0
2
B
v =
17.54 m/s
B
v = !
(b) 0
A C A C B C C A
U Wh Fd T T

= = =
20 m
B C
d

= N F =
Where coefficient of static friction =
(19620N) (sin6 ) (170m) (20m)
A C
U F
=
(19620N) cos6 F =
(19620N) (sin6 ) (170m) (19620N) (cos6 ) (20m) 0 =

170
tan6 0.893
20
= = 0.893 = !




Given: Automobile weight, (2000) (9.81) 19620 N W = =
Initial velocity at A, 0 m/s
A
v =
Incline Angle, 6 =
Vehicle costs 150 m from A to B
Vehicle skids 20 m from B to C
Dynamic friction coefficient, 0.75 =

Find: Work done on automobile by air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C.
(20 m) 0
A C R A C C A
U U Wh F T T

= + = =
N 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 F = =
U
R
= Resistance work
0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 (20 m) (19620 N)sin6 (170 m) =

3
56.0 10 N m
R
U =
3
56.0 10 J or !




90cos 20 sin50 0
N
F N P = =
(

90cos 20 sin50 N P = +

1 2
[ cos50 90sin 20 0.35 N](3 ft) U P
=

2
2
2
1 90 lb
(2 ft/s)
2 32.2 ft/s
T
! "
=
# $
% &

2
( cos50 ) 3 (90sin 20 ) (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 sin50 )3 P P T + =

2
1 90
(3 cos50 0.35(3) sin50 ) 90sin 20 (3) 0.35 (90cos 20 ) (3) (2)
2 32.2
P
! "
= + +
# $
% &

186.736
166.1 lb
1.12402
P = = !




(a) First stage:
1 2 2
(5.5 3) (50) 125 lb ft = U T
= =

2
2 2
1 3
2 32.2
T v
! "
=
# $
% &

2
51.8 ft/s v = !
(b) At the top:
2 3
3( 50) 0 125 U h
= =

275
,
3
h = 91.7 ft h = !
(c) At the return:
2
3 4 4 4
1 3
3(91.6667)
2 32.2
U T v
! "
= + = =
# $
% &

4
76.8 ft/s v = !




W
A
= 7(9.81) = 68.67 N

Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m.
Friction and other masses are neglected
Find: Velocity of the block after 0.6 m, v
From the Law of Cosines

2 2 2
(1.2) (0.6) 2(1.2) (0.6) cos 15 d = +

2 2
0.4091 m d =
0.63958 m d =
C C
U W = (Distance pulley C lowered)

1
140 N (1.2 0.63958) m 39.229 N m
2
) *
= =
+ ,
- .

68.67 N (sin15 ) (0.6 m) 10.6639 N m
A
U = =
2 1 C A
U T T U U = =

2
1
0
2
A C A
m v U U =

2
1
(7kg) (39.229 10.6639) N m
2
v =

2
8.1615 v =
2.857 m/s v = 2.86m/s v = 15 !




W
A
= 7(9.81) = 68.67 N

Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of
1.5 m/s up.
After moving 0.6 m the velocity is 3 m/s.
Find: work done by friction force on the block, V
f
J
From the Law of Cosines

2 2 2
(1.2) (0.6) 2(1.2) (0.6) (cos 15 ) d = +

2 2
0.4091m d =
0.63958m d =
U
C

1
140N (1.2 0.63958) m 39.229 N m
2
) *
= =
+ ,
- .

68.67 N(sin15 ) (0.6 m) 10.664 N m
A
U = =
2 2
2 1 2 1
1
[ ]
2
C A friction A
U U U T T m v v + = =

2 2 2
1
39.229 10.664 (7 kg)[(3) (1.5) ] m
2
friction
U =
39.229 10.664 23.625
friction
U = + +
4.94 J =
4 94 J
friction
U . = !




Given: At A,
0
v v =
For AB, 0.40
k
=
At B, 2 m/s v =
Find:
0
v
( )
2
2 2
0
1 1 1
2 m/s
2 2 2
A B B
T mv T mv m = = =
2 m
B
T =
( )( ) sin15 N 6 m
A B k
U W
=

0 cos15 0 F N W = =
cos15 N W =
( )( ) sin15 0.40cos15 6 m
A B
U W
=
( ) 0.76531 0.76531
A B
U W mg
= =
A A B B
T U T
+ =
2
0
1
0.76531 2 m
2
mv mg =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
0
2 2 0.76531 9.81 m/s v = +
2
0
19.0154 v =

0
4.36 m/s v = !




Given: At A,
0
v v =
At B, 0 v =
For AB, 0.40
k
=
Find:
0
v
2
0
1
0
2
A B
T mv T = =
( )( ) sin15 6 m
A B k
U W N
=

0 cos15 0 F N W = =
cos15 N W =
( )( ) sin15 0.40cos15 6 m
A B
U W
=
( ) 0.76531 0.76531
A B
U W mg
= =
A A B B
T U T
+ =
2
0
1
0.76531 0
2
mv mg =
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
0
2 0.76531 9.81 m/s v =
2
0
15.015 v =

0
3.87 m/s v = !
Down to the left.




Car C
3 2 3
0 0 (35 10 kg) (9.81 m/s ) 343.35 10 N
y C C C
F N M g N ! = ! = =
So,
3 3
(0.35) (343.35 10 ) 120.173 10 N
C
F = =
Car B
3 2 3
0 0 (45 10 kg) (9.81m/s ) 441.45 10 N
y B B B
F N M g N = ! = ! = =
So,
3 3
0.35(441.45 10 ) 154.508 10 N
B
F = =
Also,
1
(54 km/h) (1h/3600s) (1000 m/km) 15 m/s v = =
(a) Work and energy for the train
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =
3 3 3 2 3 3
1
(35 10 45 10 35 10 ) (15) (120.173 10 154.508 10 ) 0
2
x + + + =
47.10 m x =
47.1 m x = !



(b) Force in each coupling
Car A

Car C

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =
( )
( ) ( )
2
3
1
35 10 15 47.10 0
2
AB
F =
3
83.599 10 N
AB
F =
83.6 kN
AB
F = !
Tension

1 1 2 x
T U T
+ =
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
3 3
1
35 10 15 120.173 10 47.10 0
2
BC
F + =
Solve for F
BC

3
36.6 10 N
BC
F =
36.6 kN
BC
F = !
Tension




0 0
y A A
F N M g = ! =

( )
( )
3 3
35 10 9.81 343.35 10 N
A
N = =
so,
( )
( )
3 3
0.35 343.35 10 120.173 10 N
A
F = =
( )
1
54 km/h 15 m/s v = =
(a) Work - energy for the entire train

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
3 3 3 3
1
35 10 45 10 35 10 15 120.173 10 0
2
x
" #
+ + =
$ %

107.66 m x =
107.7 m x = !
(b) Force in each coupling
Car A

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =

( )
( )
( )
( )
2
3 3
1
35 10 15 120.173 10 107.66 0
2
AB
F + =

3
83.60 10 N
AB
F =
83.6 kN
AB
F = !
Compression

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =

( )
( ) ( )
2
3
1
35 10 15 107.66 0
2
BC
F + =

3
36.57 10 N
BC
F =
36.6 kN
BC
F = !
Compression

Car A
Car C



Car B:

Car A:

Given: Car B towing car A uphill at A constant speed of 30 ft/s
Car B skids to a stop.
k
= 0.9
Car A strikes rear of car B.

Find: Speed of car A before collision, v
A
Let d = Distance traveled by car B after braking.
1 2 2 1
U T T
= ( )
2
1
sin5
2
B
m v mg F d =

( )
2 1
30
2
sin5 0.9 cos5
m
d
mg mg
=
+

( ) ( ) ( )
450 450
32.2 sin5 0.9cos5 32.2 0.9837
d = =
+

14.206 ft traveled by d B =

For car A, travel to contact

2 2
1 1 1
1 1
2 2
C A A
U T T mv mv
= =
( )( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
sin5 15 30
2 2
A
mg d mv m + =
( )( )
2
1
450 32.2sin5 14.206 15
2
A
v = +

2
1
368.036
2
A
v =
27.13
A
v = 27.1 ft/s
A
v = !




F = 0.8 N
A

Given: Car B tows car A at 30 ft/s uphill.
Car A brakes for 4 wheels skid
k
= 0.8
Car B continues in same gear and throttle setting.

Find: (a) distance, d, traveled to stop
(b) tension in cable
(a)
1
Traction force (from equilibrium) F =
( ) ( )
1
3000 sin5 2500 sin5 F = +
5500sin5 =
For system A + B
( )
1 2 1
3000 sin5 2500sin5 U F F d
! " =
# $

( )
2
2
2 1
1 1 5500
0 30
2 2 32.2
A B
T T m v
+
% &
= =
' (
) *

Since ( )
1
3000 sin5 2500 sin5 0 F =
( ) 0.8 3000cos5 76863 ft lb Fd d = =
32.1 ft d = !
(b) cable tension, T
( )( )
1 2 2 1
0.8 sin5 32.149
A A
U T N W T T
= =
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
3000 30
0.8 3000 cos5 3000 sin5 32.149
2 32.2
T =
( ) 2652.3 1304 T =
1348 lb =
1348 lb T = !
N
A
= 3000 cos 5
N
B
= 2500 cos 5



Given: Blocks A, B released from rest and friction and masses of pulleys
neglected.
Find: (a) Velocity of block A, v
A
, after moving down d
A
= 1.5 ft.
(b) The tension in the cable.
(a) constraint 3 0
A B
v v + =
1
3
B A
v v =
Also,
1
3
B A
d d =
( ) ( )
1 2
sin30 sin30
A A B B
U W d W d
=
( )( ) ( )
1.5
20 sin30 1.5 16 sin30
3
& '
=
( )
* +

11 ft lb =

2 2
1 2
1
0,
2 2
A A B B
T T m v m v
1
= = +

2
2 2
1 20 1 16
0.33816
2 32.2 2 32.2 3
A
A A
v
v v
& ' & ' & '
= + =
( ) ( ) ( )
* + * + * +

2
1 2 2 1
; 11 0.33816
A
U T T v
= =
5.703
A
v = 5.70 ft/s
A
v =

30 !
(b) For A alone
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2
1
sin30
2
A A A A A
U W d T d m v
= =
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 20
20 0.5 1.5 1.5 5.703 10.102
2 32.2
T
& '
= =
( )
* +

3.265 ft lb T =
3.27 ft lb T = !




Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No
friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
Find: (a) Velocity,
A
v of A just before it hits C.
(b)
A
v If counter weight B is replaced by a 98.1 N
downward force.
Kinematics
2
B A
X X =
2
B A
v v =
(a) Blocks A and B

2 2
1 2
1 1
0
2 2
B B A A
T T m v m v = = +
( )( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
10 kg 2 20 kg
2 2
A A
T v v = +
( )( )
2
2
30 kg
A
T v =
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1 2
500
A A A B B
U X W X W X
= +
( )( )
( )
( )
2
1 2
500 N 0.6 m 20 kg 9.81 m/s 0.6 m U

= +

( )
( )
2
10 kg 9.81 m/s 1.2 m

1 2
300 117.72 117.72 300 J U

= + =


( )
2
1 1 2 2
0 300 J 30 kg
A
T U T v
+ = + =

2
10
A
v =
3.16 m/s
A
v = !
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at ! is,
( )
2 2
2 1
1 1
20 kg 0
2 2
A A A
T m v v T = = =
The work done is the same as in part (a)

1 2
300 J U

=
( )
2
1 1 2 2
0 300 J 10 kg
A
T U T v
+ = + =

2
30
A
v =
5.48 m/s
A
v = !




Given: System at rest when 500 N force is applied to collar A. No
friction. Ignore pulleys mass.
Find: (a) Velocity,
A
v of A just before it hits C.
(b)
A
v If counter weight B is replaced by a 98.1 N
downward force.
Kinematics
2
B A
X X =
2
B A
v v =
(a) Blocks A and B

2 2
1 2
1 1
0
2 2
B B A A
T T m v m v = = +
( )( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
1 1
10 kg 2 20 kg
2 2
A A
T v v = +
( )( )
2
2
30 kg
A
T v =
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
1 2
500
A A A B B
U X W X W X
= +
( )( )
( )
( )
2
1 2
500 N 0.6 m 20 kg 9.81 m/s 0.6 m U

= +

( )
( )
2
10 kg 9.81 m/s 1.2 m

1 2
300 117.72 117.72 300 J U

= + =


PROBLEM 13.21 CONTINUED
( )
2
1 1 2 2
0 300 J 30 kg
A
T U T v
+ = + =

2
10
A
v =
3.16 m/s
A
v = !
(b) Since the 10 kg mass at B is replaced by a 98.1 N force, kinetic
energy at ! is,
( )
2 2
2 1
1 1
20 kg 0
2 2
A A A
T m v v T = = =
The work done is the same as in part (a)

1 2
300 J U

=
( )
2
1 1 2 2
0 300 J 10 kg
A
T U T v
+ = + =

2
30
A
v =
5.48 m/s
A
v = !




Given: 10 kg; 4 kg; 0.5 m
A B
m m h = = =
System released from rest.
Block A hits the ground without rebound.
Block B reaches a height of 1.18 m.
Find: (a)
A
v just before block A hits the ground.
(b) Energy, ,
P
E dissipated by the pulley friction.
(a)
B
v at !
A
v = at ! just before impact.
from ! to "; Block B
( )
2 2 2
3 2
1 1
0 4 2
2 2
B B B B
T T m v v v = = = =
Tension in the cord is zero, thus
( )
( )
( )
2
2 3
4 kg 9.81 m/s 0.18 m 7.0632 J U

= =
2 2
2 2 3 3
; 2 7.0632; 3.5316
B B
T U T v v
+ = = =

2 2
3.5316 1.8793
B A B A
v v v v = = = = 1.879 m/s
A
v = !
(b) From # to ! Blocks A and B,
( )
2
1 2 2
1
0
2
A B
T T m m v = = +
Just before impact
2
1.793 m/s
B A
v v v = = =
( )( )
2
2
1
10 4 1.8793 24.722 J
2
T = + =
( ) ( )
1 2
0.5 0.5 ;
A B P
U W W E
=
Energy dissipated by pulley
P
E =
( )
( ) ( )
2
1 2
9.81 m/s 10 4 kg 0.5 m 29.43
P P
U E E
" #
= =
$ %

1 1 2 2
; 0 29.43 24.722
P
T U T E
+ = + =
4.708
P
E = 4.71 J
P
E = !



Given: 8 kg; 10 kg; 6 kg
A B C
m m m = = =
Collar C removed after blocks move 1.8 m.
Find:
A
v , just before it strikes the ground.
Position 1 to position 2
1 1
0 0 v T = =
At 2, before C is removed from the system
( )
2
2 2
1
2
A B C
T m m m v = + +
( )
2 2
2 2 2
1
24 kg 12
2
T v v = =
( ) ( )
1 2
1.8 m
A C B
U m m m g
= +
( ) ( )
1 2
8 6 10 g 1.8 m 70.632 J U

= + =
2
1 1 2 2 2
; 0 70.632 12 T U T v
+ = + =
2
2
5.886 v =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 18
5.886 52.974
2 2
A B
T m m v = + = =
( )
2 2
3 3 3
1
9
2
A B
T m m v v = + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 3
2 0.6 2 kg 9.81 m/s 1.4 m
A B
U m m g

= =

2 3
27.468 J U

=

2
2 2 3 3 3
52.974 27.468 9 T U T v

+ = = =

2
3 3
2.834 1.68345 v v = = 1.683 m/s
A
v = !




Given: 8 kg; 10 kg; 6 kg
A B C
m m m = = =
Collar C removed after blocks move 1.8 m.
Find:
A
v , just before it strikes the ground.
1 1
0 0 v T = =
At 2, before C is removed from the system
( )
2
2 2
1
2
A B C
T m m m v = + +
( )
2 2
2 2 2
1
24 kg 12
2
T v v = =
( ) ( )
1 2
1.8 m
A C B
U m m m g
= +
( ) ( )
1 2
8 6 10 g 1.8 m 70.632 J U

= + =
2
1 1 2 2 2
; 0 70.632 12 T U T v
+ = + =
2
2
5.886 v =
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 18
5.886 52.974
2 2
A B
T m m v = + = =
( )
2 2
3 3 3
1
9
2
A B
T m m v v = + =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2 3
2 0.6 2 kg 9.81 m/s 1.4 m
A B
U m m g

= =

2 3
27.468 J U

=

2
2 2 3 3 3
52.974 27.468 9 T U T v

+ = = =

2
3 3
2.834 1.68345 v v = = 1.683 m/s
A
v = !




Given: Conveyor is disengaged, packages held by friction and system is released from rest. Neglect mass of
belt and rollers. Package 1 leaves the belt as package 4 comes onto the belt.
Find: (a) Velocity of package 2 as it leaves the belt at A.
(b) Velocity of package 3 as it leaves the belt at A.
(a) Package 1 falls off the belt, and 2, 3, 4 move down.

2.4
0.8 m
3
=
2
2 2
1
3
2
T mv
! "
=
# $
% &

( )
2
2 2
3
3 kg
2
T v =

2
2 2
4.5 T v =
( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
1 2
3 0.8 3 3 kg 9.81 m/s 0.8 U W
= =

1 2
70.632 J U

=

2
1 1 2 2 2
0 70.632 4.5 T U T v
+ = + =

2
2
15.696 v =

2
3.9618 v =
2
3.96 m/s v = !



Work and energy
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ = (1)
Where
1 2
0; 0 T T = =
Work
Outer spring ( )
2
2
1 2 1
1 1 N
3000 1.5 m
2 2 m
V k x
& '
= =
( )
* +

33.75 J =
Inner spring ( )
2
2
1 2 2
1 1 N
10, 000 0.06 m
2 2 m
U k x
& '
= =
( )
* +

18 J =
Gravity ( )
1 2
0.15 U mg h
= +
( ) ( ) ( ) 8 9.81 0.15 78.48 11.722 h h = + = +
Total work
1 2
33.75 18 78.48 11.772 U h
= + +
39.978 78.48 h = +
Substituting into (1)
0 39.978 78.48 0 h + =
0.5094 m h =
509 mm h = !




Work and energy
Assume 0.09 m x >

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ = (1)
Where
1 2
0; 0 T T = =
Work
Outer spring ( )
1
2 2 2
1 2 1
1 1
3000 1500
2 2
U k x x x
= = =
Inner spring ( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 2 2
1
0.09 5000 0.09
2
U k x x
= =
Gravity ( )
1 2
0.6 U mg x
= +
( )( )( ) 8 9.81 0.6 78.48 47.09 x x = + = +
Total work
( )
2
2
1 2
1500 5000 0.09 78.48 47.09 U x x x
= + +
Substitute into (1)

2
6500 978.48 6.588 0 x x + + =
Solve
0.1570 m x = or 0.00646
Reject negative solution 157.0 mm x = !




(a)

Given: A 0.7 lb block rests on a 0.5 lb block which is not attached to a
spring of constant 9 lb/ft; upper block is suddenly removed.
Find: (a)
max
v
of 0.5 lb block
(b) maximum height reached by the 0.5 lb block

At the initial position (1), the force in the spring equals the weight of both
blocks, i.e., 1.2 lb.
Thus at a distance x, the force in the spring is,
1.2
s
F kx =
1.2 9
s
F x =
Max velocity of the 0.5 lb block occurs while the spring is still in contact
with the block.

2 2 2
1 2
1 1 0.5 0.25
0
2 2
T T mv v v
g g
! "
= = = =
# $
% &

( )
2
1 2
0
9
1.2 9 0.5 0.7
2
x
U x dx x x x
= =
'

2 2
1 1 2 2
9 0.25
0.7
2
T U T x x v
g
+ = = =

2 2
9
4 0.7
2
v g x x
( )
=
* +
, -

max
when 0 0.7 9 0.077778 ft
dv
V x x
dx
= = . =
( ) ( )
2
2
max
9
4 0.7 0.077778 0.077778
2
v g
( )
=
* +
, -

2
max
3.5063 v =

max
1.87249 v =

max
1.872 ft/s v = !


(b)

0
Initial compression x =

0
1.2 lb
0.133333 ft
9 lb/ft
x = =
1.2 9
s
F x =

1 3
0, 0 T T = =

0
1 3
0
0.5
x
s
U F dx h
=
'

( )
0
1 3
0
1.2 9 0.5
x
U x dx h
=
'

2
0 0
9
1.2 0.5
2
x x h =
( ) ( )
2 9
1.2 0.133333 0.133333 0.5
2
h =
0.08 0.5h =
( )
1 1 3 3
: 0 0.08 0.5 0 T U T h
+ = + =
0.16 ft h =
1.920 in. h = !




(a) Same as 13.25 solution for Part (a)
max
1.872 ft/s v = !
(b) With 0.5 lb block attached to the spring, refer to figure in (b) of Problem 13.27.
( )
1 3 1 3
0
0 0 1.2 9 0.5
h
T T U x dx h
= = =
!

Since the spring remains attached to the 0.5 lb block,
the integration must be carried out for the total distance, h.
2
1 1 3 3
9
0 0.7 0
2
T U T h h
+ = + =
( )
2
0.7 lb 0.155556 ft
9 lb/ft
h
" #
= =
$ %
& '

1.86667 in. h =
1.867 in. h = !




Position 1, initial condition
Position 2, spring deflected 5 inches
Position 3, initial contact of spring with collar
( )
2
1 2
18 5 1 5 18 5
60 + 7.5 sin30
12 2 12 12
(Friction) (Spring) (Gravity)
U F
+ + & ' & ' & '

=
( ) ( ) ( )
* + * + * +

1 2 1 2
0, 0 T T U

= = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
23 1 5 23
0 7.5 0.866 60 7.5 0.5
12 2 12 12
& ' & ' & '

= +
( ) ( ) ( )
* + * + * +

(a) 0.1590 = !
(b) Max speed occurs just before contact with the spring
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 3 3 max
18 18 1 7.5
7.5 0.866 7.5 0.5
12 12 2 32.2
U T v
& ' & ' & '

= + = =
( ) ( ) ( )
* + * + * +

max
5.92 ft/s v = !




(a) W = Weight of the block ( ) 10 9.81 98.1 N = =

1
2
B A
x x =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
A A A B B
U W x k x k x
=
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)
( )( ) ( )( )
2
1 2
1
98.1 N 0.05 m 2000 N/m 0.05 m
2
U

=

( )
( )
2 1
2000 N/m 0.025 m
2

( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
1 1
10 kg
2 2
U m v v
= =
( )
2
1
4.905 2.5 0.625 10
2
v =
0.597 m/s v = !
(b) Let Distance moved down by the 10 kg block x =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
A B
x
U W x k x k m v
! "
= =
# $
% &

( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
0 2
2 8
B
A
d k
m v W k x x
dx
' (
= =
) *
+ ,



( ) ( ) ( )
2000
0 98.1 2000 2 98.1 2000 250
8
x x x = = +
( ) 0.0436 m 43.6 mm x =
For ( )
2
1
0.0436, 4.2772 1.9010 0.4752 10
2
x U v = = =

max
0.6166 m/s v =

max
0.617 m/s v = !




(a) W = Weight of the block = (10)(9.81) = 98.1 N
1
2
B A
x x =
Block moves down at release after spring A is stretched 25 mm
2 2
1 2
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
A A A B B
U W x k x k x
= +
(Gravity) (Spring A) (Spring B)
2
1 2
1
(98.1 N)(0.025 m) (2000 N/m)(0.025 m)
2
U

= +
2
1
(2000 N/m)(0.0125 m)
2

2 2
1 1
( ) (10 kg)
2 2
m v v = =
2
1 2
1
2.4525 0.625 0.15625 (10)
2
U v
= + =
0.764 m/s v = 0.764 m/s v = !
(b) Let x = Distance moved down by the 10 kg block
(for x > 25 mm)
2
1 2
1 1
(0.025) ( 0.025)
2 2
A A
U Wx k k x
= +
2
2
1 1
( )
2 2 2
B
x
k M v
! "
=
# $
% &

2
2 2
1 2
1 1 1
98.1 (2000)(0.025) (2000)( 0.025) (2000)
2 2 2 2
x
U x x
! "
= +
# $
% &

2
1
(10)
2
v =


2
1
0 (10) 98.1 2000( 0.025) 2000
2 4
d x
v x
dx
' ( ! "
= =
# $ ) *
+ , % &

98.1 2000 50 500 x x = +
148.1
0.05924 m ( 59.24 mm)
2500
x = = =
For 0.05924 m x =
2
1 2
98.1(0.05924) 0.625 1000(0.03424) 0.87734 U

= +
2
1
5.8114 0.625 1.1724 0.87734 (10)
2
v + =
max
0.937 m/s v =

max
0.937 m/s v = !




(a)

Assume auto stops in 1.5 4 m. d < <
( )( )
2
2
1 1 1
1 1
27.778 m/s 1000 kg 27.778 m/s
2 2
v T mv = = =
385809 J 385.81 kJ = =
2 2
0 0 T v = =
( )( ) ( )( )
1 2
80 kN 1.5 m 120 kN 1.5 120 120 180 120 60 U d d d
= + = + =
1 1 2 2
385.81 120 60 3.715 m T U T d d
+ = = =
3.72 m d = !
Assumption that 4 m d < is O.K.
(b) Maximum deceleration occurs when F is largest.
For 3.3401 m, 120 kN, thus
D
d F F ma = = =
( ) ( )( ) 120, 000 N 1000 kg
D
a =
2
120 m/s
D
a =
2
120.0 m/s
D
a = !




Pressures vary inversely as the volume

L
L
P Aa Pa
P
P Ax x
= =
( ) ( )

2 2
R
R
P Aa Pa
P
P A a x a x
= =

Initially at ! 0
2
a
v x = =
1
0 T =
At ",
2
2
1
,
2
x a T mv = =
( )
2 2
1 2
1 1
2
a a
a a
L R
u P P Adx PaA dx
x a x
' (
= =
) *
+ ,
- -

( )
1 2
2
ln ln 2
a
a
u paA x a x
' ( = +
+ ,

1 2
3
ln ln ln ln
2 2
a a
u paA a a
' ( ! " ! "

= +
# $ # $ ) *
% & % &
+ ,

2
2
1 2
3 4
ln ln ln
4 3
a
u paA a paA
' (
! "
= =
) *
# $
% &
+ ,

2
1 1 2 2
4 1
0 ln
3 2
T U T paA mv
! "
+ = + =
# $
% &

2
4
2 ln
3
0.5754
paA
paA
v
m m
! "
# $
% &
= = 0.759
paA
v
m
= !




( )
( )
2
2 2
/
1
E E
h
h
R
GM m GM m R
F mg
h R
= = =
+
+

At earths surface ( ) 0 h =
0
2
E
GM m
mg
R
=
( )
2
0
2 2

1
E
GM
E R
h
h
R
GM
g g
R
= =
+

Thus
( )
0
2
1
h
h
R
g
g =
+

6370 km R =
At altitude h, true weight
h T
F mg W = =
Assume weight
0 0
W mg =
0 0 0
0 0 0
Error
T h h
W W mg mg g g
E
W mg g

= = = =
( )
( )
( )
0
2 0
1
0
2 2
0
1
1
1 1
h
R
g
h
h h
R R
g
g
g E
g
+
' (
) *
= = =
) *
+ +
) *
+ ,

(a)
( )
2
1
6370
1
1 km: 100 100 1
1
h P E
' (
) *
= = =
) *
+
) *
+ ,

0.0314% P = !
(b)
( )
2
1000
6370
1
1000 km: 100 100 1
1
h P E
' (
) *
= = =
) *
+
) *
+ ,

25.3% P = !




Newtons law of gravitation
2 2
1 0 2
1 1

2 2
T mv T mv = =
( )
2
1 2
2

m n
m
R h
m m
n n
R
mg R
u F dr F
r
+
= =
-

2
1 2
2
m n
m
R h
m m
R
dr
u mg R
r
+
=
-

2
1 2
1 1
m m
m m n
u mg R
R R h
! "
=
# $
+
% &

1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =
2 2
0
1 1
2 2
m
m m
m n
R
mv mg R mv
R h
! "
+ =
# $
+
% &

( )
( )
2 2
0
2 2
0
2
2
m
n
v v
m
m
gm
v v
R
h
g
R

' (
) *
=
) *
) *
) *
+ ,
(1)
Uniform gravitational field
2 2
1 0 2
1

2
T mv T mv = =
( ) ( )
1 2
m n
m
R h
u m m u m u
R
u F dr mg R h R mgh
+
= = + =
-

2 2
1 1 2 2 0
1 1

2 2
m u
T u T mv mg h mv
+ = =

( )
2 2
0
2
u
m
v v
h
g
= (2)
Divide (1) by (2)
( )
( )
2 2
0
2
1
1
m m
n
v v
u
g R
h
h

=
!




6
(3960 mi)(5280 ft/mi) 20.9088 10 ft R = =
1 2 2 1
2 1
GMm GMm
U T T
r r
= =
Since
1
r is very large,
1
1
0 thus 0
GMm
T
r

2 2
2
2 2
1
,
2 2
GMm v R
mv g
r r
= =
( )( )
2
2 6
2
2
2 2
2 32.2 ft/s 20.9088 10 ft
2gR
v
r r

= =
(a) For
6
2
20.9088 10 ft ((620 mi)(5280 ft/mi)) r = +

6
24.1824 10 ft =
34,121 ft/s v = 6.46 mi/s v = !
(b) For
6
2
20.9088 10 ft ((30 mi)(5280 ft/mi)) r = +

6
21.0672 10 ft =
36, 557 ft/s v = 6.92 mi/s v = !
(c) For
6
2
20.9088 10 ft/s r =
36, 695 ft/s v = 6.95 mi/s v = !




0
620 mi 3960 mi 4580 mi 24,182, 400 ft r = + = =
3960 mi 5200 mi 9160 mi = 48,364,800 ft
B
r = + =
Parabola:
2
y Kx =
At B: ( )
2
2
0
24,182,400 ft 48, 364,800 ft
B
r Kr K = =
9 1
10.3381 10 ft K

=
At A: ( ) ( )
2
0
sin 45 , cos 45
A A A A A
x r y Kx r r = = =
( ) ( )
2
2
0
cos 45 sin 45
A A
r r Kr =
2
0
0
A A
Kx x r + =
0
(6.5)(5280) 34, 320 ft/s v = =
( ) 0
1
1 1 4
2
A
x Kr
K
= + +
6 6
20.0334 10 ft, 14.1657 10 ft.
A A
x r = =
(a)
2 2
0 0
0
1 1
2 2
A A
A
GMm GMm
U mv mv
r r
= =
( )
2
6 2 2
0
0
1 1
32.2 20.9088 10 , 2
A
A
GM v v GM
r r
! "
= = +
# $
% &

( )
2
2
6 6
1 1
34320 2
14.1657 10 24.1824 10
A
v GM
! "
= +
# $

% &

44734 ft/s
A
v = 8.47 mi/s
A
v = !
(b)
2 2
0
0
1 1
2
B
B
v v GM
r r
! "
= +
# $
% &

( )
2
2
6 6
1 1
34320 2
48.3648 10 28.1824 10
B
v GM
! "
= +
# $

% &

24408 ft/s
B
v = 4.62 mi/s
B
v = !



(a)
2
1.62 m/s g = Use work and energy
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ = (1)
where
2 2
1 1
1 1
(600) 180, 000
2 2
T mv m m = = =
2
0 T = (maximum elevation)
1 2
U mgh
=
(1.62) 1.62 m h mh = =
Substituting into (1) 180, 000 1.62 0 m mh =
3
111.11 10 m h =
111.1 km h = !
(b)
1
2
so 180, 000 (same as above)
GMm
F T m
R
= =
2
2
GMm
W mg GM gR
R
= = ! =
At some elevation r
2
GMm
F
r
=
so,
1 2
2
R h
R
GMm
U dr
r
+
=
"

2
2
2
1 1 1
r
R
GMm gR m
r r R
# $
# $
= =
% &
% &
' (
' (

6 2
6
2
1 1
(1.62)(1.740 10 )
r 1.740 10
m
# $
=
% &
' (



12
6
2
1 1
180, 000 4.9047 10 m 0
1.74 10
m
r
) *
+ =
+ ,
- .

Solve for r
2

6
2
1.8587 10 m r =
1858.7 km =
2
so, 1858.7 1740 h r R = =
118.7 km =
118.7 km h = !




Assume the blocks move as one:
2 1 1 2
T T U

=
2 2
1 2friction
1 1
( )
2 2
A B
m m v kx U

+ =
2 2
1 1
(3 kg) (180 N/m)(0.1 m) (3)(9.81)(0.1)(0.1 m)
2 2
v =
2
0.4038 0.63545 m/s v v = =
Check assumption at release,
s
18 N > (3)(9.81) 4.41 N =
Slips at the horizontal surface
At release
18 N
s
F =
x x
F ma =

18 2.94 3a =

2
5.02 m/s a =

For A alone:

x x
F ma =

18 (1.5)(5.02)
f
F =

10.47 N
f
F =

s
18 7.53 10.47 N < (1.5)(9.81) (0.95)(14.175) 13.98 N
f
F = = = =

A and B move as one, thus (a)

0.635 m/s v = !
(b) v
max
is max at a = 0,
0 180 2.943, 0.01635 m
s f
F F x x = = = =
2 2 2
max 0 0
1 1
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
A B f
m m v k x x F x x + =
2 2 2
max
1 1
(3) (180)[(0.1) (0.01635) ] 2.943(0.1 0.01635)
2 2
v =
max
0.648 m/s v = !
0



From problem 13.39 assuming the blocks move together,
2
5.02 m/s at release. a =
2
(1.5 kg)(9.81 m/s ) 14.715 N
A B
W W = = =

s
18 7.53 10.47 N < (1.5)(9.81) 0.35(14.715) 5.15 N
f
F = = = =
Block A slides on Block B
A alone:
(a)
2
2 1 1 2 1 2 friction
1 1
, ( )
2 2
A
T T U m v kx U

= =
2 2
1 1
(1.5)( (180 N/m)(0.1 m ) 14.175(0.3)(0.1 m)
2 2
v =
2
0.6114 v = 0.782 m/s v = !
(b)
max
at acceleration 0, v v = =
0
s f k A
F F kx W = =
180 (0.30)(14.715) 4.4145, 0.0245 m x x = = =
2 2
2 1 0 0
1
( ) ( )
2
A k
T T k x x W x x =
2
max
1
(1.5) 0.84598 0.33329 0.51268
2
v = =
max
0.827 m/s v = !

0
0



2
1 0
1
2
T mv =
2
2
1
2
T mv =
1 2
U mgl
=
2 2
1 1 2 2 0
1 1

2 2
T U T mv mgl mv
+ = =
2 2
0
2 v v gl = +
Newtons law at "
(a) For minimum v, tension in the cord must be zero.
Thus
2
v gl =
2 2
0
2 3 v v gl gl = + =

0
3 v gl = !
(b) Force in the rod can support the weight so that v can be zero.
Thus
2
0
0 2 v gl = +

0
2 v gl = !




( )
2
2
1 0
1 1
16 128 m
2 2
T mv m = = =

2
2
1
2
T mv =
( )
1 2
6sin U mg
=
2
1 1 2 2
1
: 128 6 sin
2
T U T m mg mv
+ = + =

2
256 12 sin g v + = (a)
Newtons law

2
: 2 sin
6
n
mv
F ma mg mg = =
Using (a) ( ) 12 6sin 256 12 sin g g = +
18 sin 12 256 g g =

( )
( )
12 32.2 256
sin 0.22498
18 32.2

= = 13.00 = !




Use work - energy : position 1 is bottom and position 2 is the top
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ = (1)
where,
2
1 0
1
2
T mv =
2
2 2
1
2
T mv =
1 2
(0.5) U mgh mg
= =
2 2
0 2
1 1
(0.5)
2 2
mv mg mv =
so
2 2
0 2
v v g = + (2)
(a) Slender rod
2 0
0 v v g = ! =
0
3.13 m/s v = !
(b) Cord, so the critical condition is tension = 0 at the top
2
2 2
2 n
mv
F ma mg v g
= ! = ! =

2
0
9.81(0.25 1) v g g = + = +
12.2625 =
0
3.502 m/s v =
0
3.50 m/s v = !




Use work - energy : position 1 is at A, position 2 is at B.
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ = (1)
Where
2
1 1 2 2
1
0; sin ;
2
B
T U mg l T mv
= = =
Substitute
2
1
0 sin
2
B
mg l mv + =
2
2 sin
B
v g l = (2)
For T = 2 W use Newtons 2nd law.
2
2 sin
B
n n
mv
F ma W W
l
= . = (3)
Substitute (2) into (3)
sin
2 sin 2
l
mg mg mg
l

=

2 3sin =

2
or sin 41.81
3
= . =

41.8 = !




( )
2 2 2
1 1
0 0 250 kg 125
2 2
A A B B B B
v T T mv v v = = = = =
( )
( )
2
1250 kg 9.81 m/s W =

( )( ) 27 1 cos 40
A B
U W
=

( )
( )( )
2
250 kg 9.81m/s 27 m 0.234
A B
U

=
15495 J
A B
U

=

2
0 15495 125
A A B A B
T U T v
+ = + =

( )
( )
2
15495 J
125 kg
B
v =

2 2 2
124.0 m /s
B
v =
Newtons Law at B

2
2 2 2
cos 40 ; 124.0 m /s
B
B
mv
N W v
R
= =

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
250 kg 124.0 m /s
250 kg 9.81m/s cos 40
27 m
N =
1879 1148 731 N N = = 731 N N = !




Normal force at B
See solution to Problem 13.45, 731.0 N
B
N =
Newtons Law
From B to C (car moves in a straight line)

cos 40 0
B
N W =
( )
2
250 kg 9.81m/s cos 40 1878.7 N
B
N = =
At C and D (car in the curve at C)

At C

2
cos
C
C
W v
N W
g R
=
( )
2
2
250 kg 9.81m/s cos
C
C
v
N
gR
! "
= +
# $
# $
% &

At D

2
D
D
W v
N W
g R
= +
continued


( )
2
250 9.81 1
D
D
v
N
gR
! "
= +
# $
# $
% &

Since and cos 1,
D C D C
v v N N > < >
Work and energy from A to D

2 2
1
0, 0 125
2
A A D D D
v T T mv v = = = =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
27 18 250 kg 9.81m/s 45 m 110362.5
A D
U W
= + = =

2
0 110362.5 125
A A D D D
T U T v
+ = + =

2
882.90
D
v =
( )
( )
2
882.90
250 1 250 9.81 1 5518.1 N
72 72 9.81
D
D
v
N g
g
! " ! "
= + = + = # $ # $
# $ # $
% & % &

min max
731 N; 5520 N
B D
N N N N = = = = !




Kinematics:
2
1
constant, ,
2
a v at x at = = =
( )
2
2
1
110 5.4 , 7.5446 ft/s
2
x a a = = =

( )
2
2
150 lb
constant 7.5446 ft/s 35.1456 lb
32.2 ft/s
F ma
! "
= = = =
# $
% &

7.5446 v t =
( )
2 150
Power 7.5446
32.2
Fv mav t
! "
= = =
# $
% &

( )( ) ( )
2 2
5.4
0
150/ 32.2 7.5446 5.4 1
Average power 0
5.4 5.4 2
Fv dt
! "
# $
= =
# $
% &
'

Average power 715.93 ft lb/s =
Average power 1.302 hp = !



3
tan
100
=
1.718 =
( )
2
7 60 kg 9.81m/s
B W
W W W = + = +
657.3 N W =
( )( ) sin
W
P W v W v = =
( )( )( ) 657.3 sin1.718 2
W
P =
39.41 W
W
P =
39.4 W
W
P = !
( )
2
9 90 kg 9.81m/s
B m
W W W = + = +
971.2 N W =
Brake must dissipate the power generated by the bike and the man going
down the slope at 6 m/s.
( )( ) sin
B
P W v W v = =
( )( )( ) 971.2 sin1.718 6 174.701
B
P = =
174.7 W
B
P = !




(a)
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) 2800 650
p A A L A A
A
P F v W W v v = = + = +

6.5 ft
s/t 0.40625 ft/s
16 s
A
v = = =
( ) ( )( ) 3450 lb 0.40625 ft/s 1401.56 lb ft/s
p
A
P = =
( )
1hp 550 ft lb/s, 2.548 hp
p
A
P = =
( )
2.55 hp
p
A
P = !
(b) ( )
( )
2.55
0.82
p
A
E
A
P
P
= =
( ) 3.11hp
E
A
P = !




(a) Material is lifted to a height b at a rate, ( )
( )
( )
2
kg/h m/s N/h m g mg ! " =
# $

Thus,
( ) ( )
( )
N/h
N m/s
3600 s/h 3600
mg b m
U mgb
t
! " ! "
% &
# $ # $
= =
' (
) *

1000 N m/s 1kw =
Thus, including motor efficiency,
( )
( )
( ) ( )
N m/s
kw
1000 N m/s
3600
kw
mgb
P
=
% &
' (
) *

( )
6
kw 0.278 10
mgb
P
= !
(b)
( )( ) ( ) tons/h 2000 lb/ton ft
3600 s/h
W b
U
t
! " ! "
# $ # $
=

ft lb/s; 1hp 550 ft lb/s
1.8
Wb
= =
With , ( )
1hp 1
ft lb/s
1.8 550 ft lb/s
Wb
hp
! " ! "
! "
=
+ , + ,
+ ,

# $
# $ # $

3
1.010 10 Wb
hp
= !




For constant power, P:

dv
P Fv mav m v
dt
= = =
Separate variables

1
2 2
1 0
0 0
2 2
t v m dv m v v
dt t
P v P
! "
= # =
$ %
$ %
& '
( (
(1)
Distance

2
dv dx dv
P mv mv
dx dt dx
= =
Separate variables

1
0
3 3
2 1 0
0
3 3
x v
v
m m v v
dx v dv x
P P
! "
= # =
$ %
$ %
& '
( (
(2)
with numbers
(a)
0 1
36 km/h 10 m/s; 54 km/h 15 m/s, so, v v = = = =

( )
( ) ( )
3
2 2
3
15 10 kg
15 m/s 10 m/s
2 50 10 W
t

) *
=
+ ,
- .
18.75 s t # = !

( )
( )
3
3 3
3
15 10
15 10 237.5 m
3 50 10
x

) *
= =
- .
238 m x # = !

(b)
0 1
54 km/h 15 m/s; 72 km/h 20 m/s v v = = = =

( )
( )
3
2 2
3
15 10
20 15 26.25 s
2 50 10
t

) *
= =
- .
26.2 s t # = !

( )
( )
3
3 3
3
15 10
20 15 462.5 m
3 50 10
x

) *
= =
- .

462 m x # = !




(a) constant
dv
P F v m v
dt
! "
= = =
# $
% &

4.3 5
2.0 0
m v dv P dt =
' '

( ) ( )
2 2
4.3 m/s 20 m/s
60 kg 5 , 86.94 W
2
P P
! "
# $
= =
# $
% &

86.9 W P = !
(b) constant
dv
P F v mv v
dx
! "
= = =
# $
% &

4.3
2
2.0 0
x
m v dv P dx =
' '

( ) ( )
3 3
4.3 2.0
60 86.94
3
x
! "
# $
=
# $
% &

16.45 m x = !




Motion is determined as a function of time as,
( ) 12000 ln cosh 0.03 x t =
Velocity ( )( )
1
12000 sinh 0.03 0.03
cosh 0.03
dx
v t
dt t
! "
= =
# $
% &

360 sinh 0.03
cosh 0.03
t
v
t
=
Power dissipated
( )
2 3
0.01 0.01 P Dv v v v = = =
( )
3 3
0.03 0.03
3
3
0.03 0.03
sinh 0.03
0.01 360 466.56 10
cosh 0.03
t t
t t
t e e
P
t e e
( ) ( )
= =
, - , -
+
* + * +

(a) 10 s, t = 11534 ft lb/s P = 21.0 hp P = !
(b) 15 s, t = 35037 ft lb/s P = 63.7 hp P = !




Motion is defined by the following function:

0.0005
11
x
dv
a e v
dx
= =

0.0005
0.0005
0 0 0
11
11
0.0005
v x x
x u
vdv e dx e du

= =
' ' '

( )
2
0.0005
22000 1
2
x
v
e
=

( )
2 0.0005
44000 1
x
v e
=

( )
1
0.0005
2
209.76 1
x
v e
=
3
Power dissipated 0.01 P Dv v = =

3
0.0005
2
92295 1
x
P e
( )
=
* +

(a) 600 ft x = , 12178 ft lb/s P = 22.1 hp P = !
(b) 1200 ft, x = 27971 ft lb/s P = 50.9 hp P = !




System is in equilibrium in deflected
0
x position.
Case (a) Force in both springs is the same P =
0 1 2
x x x = +
0
e
P
x
k
=
1 2
1 2
P P
x x
k k
= =
Thus
1 2 e
P P P
k k k
= +

1 2
1 1 1
e
k k k
= +
1 2
1 2
e
k k
k
k k
=
+
!
Case (b) Deflection in both springs is the same
0
x =
1 0 2 0
P k x k x = +
( )
1 2 0
P k k x = +

0 e
P k x =
Equating the two expressions for
( )
1 2 0 0 e
P k k x k x = + =
1 2 e
k k k = + !




Use conservation of energy
Let position 1 be where A is compressed 0.1 m; position 2 when B is compressed a maximum distance
So

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (1)
Where
1
0; T = ( )( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
1600 N/m 0.1 m 8 J
2 2
A
V k x = = =

2
0; T = ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
2800 N/m 1400
2 2
B
V k x x x = = =

2
2 2
0 8 0 1400 0.07559 m x x + = + . =

This answer is independent of mass
Distance traveled 0.5 m 0.05 m 0.07559 m 0.526 m = + =
The maximum velocity will occur when the mass is between the two springs
where
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +

1
0; T = ( )
1
8 J same as before V =

2
2 max
1
;
2
T mv =
2
0 V =

2
max
1
0 8 0;
2
mv + = +
2
max
16
v
m
=
For 1 kg m =
2
max
16 v = (a)
max
4 m/s v = !
For 2.5 kg m =
2
max
16
6.4
2.5
v = = (b)
max
2.53 m/s v = !



2 2
1
6 9 10.817 in. = + = !
( ) ( )
2 2
0
6 8 10 in. 0.8333 ft = + = = !
Stretch 10.817 10 0.817 in. = =

1
0.06805 ft S =

( ) ( )
2 2
2
7 6 9.215 in. = + = !
Stretch 9.2195 10 0.7805 in. = =

2
0.06504 ft S =

1 2
0, 0 T V = =

2 2
2 2 2
1 1 4
2 2 32.2
T mv v
! "
= =
# $
% &

( )
( )
2 2
1 1 2
1
33, 600 lb/ft
2
V S S = +
( )( )
1
16,800 0.008861 148.86 ft lb V = =

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +

2
2
2396.7 v =
2
49.0 ft/s v = !

0
0



2800 lb/in. 33, 600 lb/ft k = =
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1
1 1 1
0 33, 600
2 2 12
T V k l
! "
= = =
# $
% &

116.667 ft lb =

2 2
1
6 9 10.817 in. 0.9014 ft = + = = !

1
Stretch 10.817 10 0.817 in. 0.06808 ft S = = = =

2 2
2
6 7 9.2195 in. = + = !

2
Stretch 9.2195 9 0.2195 in. 0.018295 ft S = = = =

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 4
0.0621
2 2 32.2
T mv v v
! "
= = =
# $
% &

( )
( )
2 2
2 1 2
1
33, 600
2
V S S = +
( ) ( )
2 2
16800 0.06808 0.018295
( )
= +
, -
* +

83.489 ft lb =

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +

2
2
116.667 0.06211 83.489 v = +

2
23.1 ft/s v = !

0



Use conservation of energy
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (1)
(a) Position 1 is at A and position 2 is at B

1
0; T =
2
1 1
1
2
V kx = where
1 0
x = ! !

1
2 2 2
2
500 400 350 729.726 mm
( )
= + + =
* +
!
So
0
429.726 mm = ! !
( )( )
2
1
1
1500 N/m 0.429726 m 13.8498 J
2
V = =
At B
1
2 2
2
0
350 400 531.507 mm 231.507 mm
( )
= + = . =
* +
! ! !
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
0.75 0.375
2 2
T mv v v = = =
( )( )
2
2
1
150 0.231507 4.01966 J
2
V = =
2
2
0 13.8498 0.375 4.01966 v + = +
2
5.12 m/s
B
v v = = !
(b) At E ( )
1 1
0; 13.8498 same as before T V = =
At E
1
2 2
2
0
350 500 610.328 mm 310.328 mm
( )
= + = . =
* +
! ! !

2 2
3
1
0.375
2
E E
T mv v = =
( )( )
2
2
1 1
150 0.310328 7.223 J
2 2
E
v kx = = =

2
0 13.8498 0.375 7.223 4.20 m/s
E E
v v + = + . = !




Conservation of energy
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +
At A
1
2 2 2
2
0
500 400 350 729.726 mm 729.726 450 279.726 mm
( )
= + + = . = =
* +
! ! !
So ( )( )
2
2
1 1
0; 150 0.279726 5.8685 J
2 2
A A
T V kx = = = =
At B
1
2 2
2
0
350 400 531.507 81.507 mm
( )
= + = . =
* +
! ! !
( )( )
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
0.375 ; 150 0.081507 0.49825 J
2 2 2
B B B B
T mv v V kx = = = = =
2
0 5.8685 0.375 0.49825
B
v + = +
3.78 m/s
B
v = !
At E ( ) ( )
1
2 2
2
0
350 500 610.328 mm 160.328 mm
( )
= + = . =
, -
* +
! ! !
So ( )( )
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
0.375 ; 150 0.160328 1.9279 J
2 2 2
E E E E
T mv v V kx = = = = =
2
0 5.8685 0.375 1.9279
E
V + = +
3.24 m/s
E
v = !
The fact the cord becomes slack doesnt matter.




(a) Maximum height when
2
0 v =
1 2
0 T T = =

g e
V V V = +
Position !
( )
1
0
g
V =
1
6 lb
6 in. 0.4 6 6.4 in.
15 lb/in.
x = + = + =
( ) ( )( )
2
2
1
1
1 1
15 lb/in. 6.4 in.
2 2
e
V kx = =
307.2 lb in. 25.6 lb ft = =
Position "
( ) ( )
2
6
6 0.5
12
g
V mg h h
! "
= + = +
# $
% &

( )
2
0
e
V =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
1 2
1 2
:
g e g e
T V T V V V V V + = + + = +
( ) 25.6 6 0.5 h = +
3.767 ft h = 45.2 in. h = !
(b) Maximum velocity occurs when acceleration is 0, equilibrium
position
2 2 2
3 3 3 3
1 1 6
0.093167
2 2 32.2
T mv v v
! "
= = =
# $
% &

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
3 1
3
3
1
6 6 6 36 7.5 6.4 6
2
g e
V V V k x = + = + = +
37.2 lb in. 3.1lb ft = =

2
1 1 3 3 3
: 25.6 0.093167 3.1 T V T V v + = + = +

max
15.54 ft/s v = !



(a) Collar is in equilibrium.

( ) 15 lb/in. 6 lb F =

( )
( )
6 lb
0.4 in.
15 lb/in.
= =

max
0.4 in. = !
(b) Maximum compression occurs when velocity at " is zero.
1 1
0 0 T V = =
2
2 2 max max
1
0
2
T V W k = = +

max
1
2
W k =

( )
( )
max
2 6 lb
0.8 in.
15 lb/in.
= =

max
0.8 in. = !




30 rad
6
= =
0.3 m R =

(a) Maximum height
Above B is reached when the velocity at E is zero
0
C
T =
0
E
T =
e g
V V V = +
Point C
( ) 0.3 m rad
6
BC
L
! "
=
# $
% &

m
20
BC
L

=
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 1 1
40 N/m m 0.4935 J
2 2 20
C BC
e
V k L
! "
= = =
# $
% &

( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
2
1 cos 0.2 kg 9.81m/s 0.3 m 1 cos30
C
g
V WR = =
( ) 0.07886 J
C
g
V =
( ) 0 (spring is unattached)
E
e
V =
( ) ( )( ) ( ) 0.2 9.81 1.962 J
E
g
V WH H H = = =

C C E E
T V T V + = +
0 0.4935 0.07886 0 0 1.962H + + = + +
0.292 m H = !
continued


(b) The maximum velocity is at B where the potential energy is
zero,
max B
v v =
0 0.4935 0.07886 0.5724 J
C C
T V = = + =
( )
2 2
max
1 1
0.2 kg
2 2
B B
T mv v = =

2
max
0.1
B
T v =
0
B
V =
( )
2
max
0 0.5724 0.1
C C B B
T V T V v + = + + =

2 2 2
max
5.72 m /s v =

max
2.39 m/s v = !




0.3 m R =
( )
( )
2
0.2 kg 9.81m/s W =
1.962 N =

(a) Smallest angle occurs when the velocity at D is close to zero
0 0
C D
v v = =
0 0
C D
T T = =
e g
V V V = +
Point C
( ) 0.3 m 0.3 m
BC
L = =
( ) ( )
2 1
2
C BC
e
V k L =
( )
2
1.8
C
e
V =
( ) ( ) 1 cos
C
g
V WR =
( ) ( )( )( ) 1.962 N 0.3 m 1 cos
C
g
V =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1.8 0.5886 1 cos
C C C
e g
V V V = + = +
Point D
( ) 0 (spring is unattached)
D
e
V =
( ) ( ) ( )( )( ) 2 2 1.962 N 0.3 m 1.1772 J
D
g
V W R = = =
( )
2
; 0 1.8 0.5586 1 cos 1.1772 J
C C D D
T V T V + = + + + =
( ) ( )
2
1.8 0.5886 cos 0.5886 =
By trial 0.7522 rad =
43.1 = !
continued


(b) Velocity at A
Point D
( ) 0 0 1.1772 J see Part ( )
D D D
V T V a = = =
Point A
( )
2 2
1 1
0.2 kg
2 2
A A A
T mv v = =

2
0.1
A A
T v =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 1.962 N 0.3 m 0.5886 J
A A
g
V V W R = = = =

A A D D
T V T V + = +

2
0.1 0.5886 0 1.1772
A
v + = +

2 2 2
5.886 m /s
A
v =
2.43 m/s
A
v = !




Position (1) is at the top of the incline; position (2) is when the spring has maximum deformation
1500 lb/ft k =
Where
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +
At (1) ( )
2
2
1 1
1 1 200
8 198.76 ft lb
2 2 32.2
T mv
! "
+ = =
# $
% &

( )
2
1 1 1 1 1
1
datum at point 2
2
g e
V V V mgz k x = + = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
200 25 sin 20 1500 0.5
2
x = +
Deformation of the spring x =

1
1710.1 68.404 187.5 V x = + +
At (2) ( )( )
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
0; 1500 0.5
2 2
g e
T V V V k x x = = + = = +
Substituting into (1) ( )
2
198.78 1710.1 68.404 187.5 750 0.5 x x + + + = +
Solve
2
750 681.596 1908.9 0 x x + =
2.11 or +1.2044 ft x =
1.204 ft x = !
14.45 in. = !

0



Spring length
2 2
14 28 = +
31.305 in. =
Stretch
31.305 in. 14 in.
12 in./ft
=
1.44208 ft =
( )( )
2
0 0
1
0 0 48 lb/ft 1.44208 ft 49.910 lb ft
2
T V + = + + =
(a) At A: ( )
2
2
2
1 10 lb 1 14 2 14
49.910 48 lb/ft
2 2 12 32.2 ft/s
A
v
! " ! "

= +
# $ # $
# $
% & % &

16.89 ft/s
A
v = !
(b) At B: ( )
2
2
1 10 1 14 14
49.910 48 10
2 32.2 2 12 12
B
v
! " ! " ! "
= +
# $ # $ # $
% & % & % &

13.64 ft/s
B
v = !




( ) ( )
1 1 1
0, 0 Constraint : 2
e g B A
T V V y x = = = =
2 2
2
1 1
2 2
A A B B
T M v M v = +
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1 1
4 kg 1.5 kg 1.25
2 2 2
B
B B
v
v v
! "
= + =
# $
% &

(a) ( )( )
2
2
1
0.15 m, 0.075 m, 300 N/m 0.075 m 0.84375 N m
2
B A e
y x V = = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1.5 9.81 0.15 m 2.2073 J
g
V = =

2
1 1 2 2
; 0 1.25 0.84375 2.20725
B
T V T V v + = + = +
1.044 m/s
B
v = !
(b) Maximum velocity when acceleration 0 =

; 2 0; Cord tensile force
x x A
F ma k x T T = = =
'

( ) 2 14.715 2
; 0.0981 m; 2 0.1962 m
300
A A B A
T
x x x x
k
= = = = =
( )( )
2
14.715 N 0.1962 m 2.8871
g
V = =
( )( )
2
2
1
300 N/m 0.0981 m 1.4435
2
e
V = =

2
1 1 2 2
; 0 1.25 1.44354
B
T V T V v + = + = 1.075 m/s
B
v = !
(c) ( )
2
2 2
1
0; 0 300 14.715
2 2
B
B
y
T V y
! "
= = =
# $
% &
0.392 m 392 mm
B
y = = !



(a) Calculate spring lengths after deflection.
Original spring length 0.75 m, = collar moved 100 mm 0.1 m =
( )
2 2
1 1 2
1
0, 4 2
2
T V T v v = = = =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
4 kg 9.81 m/s 0.1 m 3.924 J
g
V = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1
300 0.8322 0.75 0.6727 0.75
2
e
V
( )
= +
* +

1.9098 J =

2
1 1 2 2
: 0 2 3.924 1.9098 T V T V v + = + = +
1.0035 m/s v = 1.004 m/s v = !

(b) Calculate spring lengths after deflection, collar moved190 mm 0.19 m =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
4 kg 9.81 m/s 0.19 m 7.4556 J
g
V = =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1
300 0.90918 0.75 0.60877 0.75
2
e
V
( )
= +
* +

6.7927 J =
2
1 1 2 2
: 0 2 7.4556 6.7927 T V T V v + = + = +
0.576 m/s v = 0.576 m/s v = !



(a) 0, 0
C C
v T = =

2
1
2
B B
T mv =
( )
2
1
0.2 kg
2
B B
T v =

2
0.1
B B
T v = ( ) ( )
C C C
e g
V V V = +
arc
BC
BC L R = =
( )( )
( )
0.3 m 30
180
BC
L

=

0.15708 m
BC
L =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 1 1
40 N/m 0.15708 m 0.49348 J
2 2
C BC
e
V k L = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
2
1 cos 0.2 kg 9.81 m/s 0.3 m 1 cos30
C
g
V WR = =
( ) 0.078857 J
C
g
V =
( ) ( ) 0.49348 J 0.078857 J 0.57234 J
C C C
e g
V V V = + = + =
( ) ( ) 0 0 0
B B B
e g
V V V = + = + =
2
; 0 0.57234 0.1
C C B B B
T V T V v + = + + =

2 2 2
5.7234 m /s
B
v = 2.39 m/s
B
v = !
(b)

2
B
R
mv
F F W
R
= =
( )
( )
( )
2 2
5.7234 m /s
1.962 N 0.2 kg
0.3 m
R
F = +
1.962 N 3.8156 N 5.7776 N
R
F = + = 5.78 N
R
F = !



(a) Speed at C
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
300 150 75 343.69318 mm
AB
L = + + =
320 N/m k =
At B 0 0
B B
v T = =
( ) ( )
B B B
e g
V V V = +
343.69318 mm 200 mm
AB
L =
143.69318 mm 0.14369318 m
AB
L = =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 1 1
320 N/m 0.1436932 m
2 2
B AB
e
V k L = =
( ) 3.303637 J
B
e
V =
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
0.5 kg 9.81m/s 0.15 m 0.73575 J
B
g
V Wr = = =
( ) ( ) 3.303637 J 0.73575 J 4.03939 J
B B B
e g
V V V = + = + =
At C ( )
( )
2 2
1 1
0.5 kg
2 2
C C C
T mv v = =

2
0.25
C C
T v =
( ) ( )
2 1
2
C AC
e
V k L =
309.23 mm 200 mm 109.23 mm 0.10923 m
AC
L = = =
( ) ( )( )
2 1
320 N/m 0.10923 m 1.90909 J
2
C
e
V = =



B B C C
T V T V + = +

2
0 4.0394 0.25 1.90909
C
v + = +

2 2 2
4.0394 1.90909
8.5212 m /s
0.25
C
v

= = 2.92 m/s
C
v = !
(b) Force of rod on collar AC
0
z
F = (no friction)

x y
F F = + F i j

1
75
tan 14.04
300

= =
( )( ) cos sin
AC
k L = +
e
F i k
( )( )( ) 320 0.10923 cos14.04 sin14.04 = +
e
F i k
33.909 8.4797 (N) = +
e
F i k
( ) ( )
2
33.909 4.905 8.4797
x y
mv
F F mg
r
= + + + = + F i j k j k
( )
( )
2 2
8.5212 m /s
33.909 N 0 4.905 N 0.5
0.15 m
x y
F F + = = +
33.909 N
x
F =
33.309 N
y
F =
33.9 N 33.3 N = + F i j !




Datum at point C.
2
2
2.5 lb 1b s
0.07764
ft 32.2 ft/s
m
! "

= =
# $
% &

( ) ( )
2
1 2.5
0, 0, 0,
2 32.2
C C C A A
g e
T V V T v
! "
= = = =
# $
% &

( ) ( )( ) 2.5 lb 7/12 ft 1.4583
A
g
V = =
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
20 lb/ft 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft 0.90812
2
A
C
V = =
From conservation of energy:
( )
2
1
0 0.07764 1.4583 0.90812
2
A
v = +
3.7646 ft/s
A
V = 3.76 ft/s
A
v = !
At point A,
( ) ( ) 20 lb/ft 0.63465 ft 0.3333 ft 6.0263 lb
S CA
F k L = = =

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2.5 lb/32.2 ft/s 3.76551 ft/s
1.8872 lb
7/12 ft
A
mv
r
= =



( )
2
7
; 6.0263 1.8872
7.61577
A
A
mv
F N
r
= =
'

3.65 lb
A
N = !
(b) Datum at C.
( ) ( )( ) 2.5 lb 14/12 ft 2.9167 ft lb
B
g
V = =
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2 1 1
20 lb/ft 0.5 ft 2.5 ft lb
2 2
B CB
e
V k L = = =
From Conservation of energy:

2
1 2.5
0 2.9167 2.5
2 32.2
B
v
! "
+ +
# $
% &

3.2762 ft/s
B
v = 3.28 ft/s
B
v = !
( ) ( ) ( ) 20 0.5 10 lb
S CB
F k L = = =

( )
2
2.5
1.4286 lb
32.2 7/12
B
v ! "
=
# $
% &

10 2.5 1.4286
y B
F N = + =
'

6.07 lb
B
N = !




(a) For maximum velocity,
7.61577 4 3.61577 in. 0.30131 ft L = = =
0
t
a s = = !! ( ) sin 3/ 7.61577 =

2.5 lb W =

( ) 0 0.30131 3/ 7.61577 2.5 0
y
F k = = =
'

21.063 lb/ft k = 21.1 lb/ft k = !
(b) Put datum at C
( ) ( )
0,
C C C
g e
T V V = = =

2
1 2.5
2 32.2
A A
T v
! "
=
# $
% &

( ) ( ) 2.5 7/12 1.4583
A
g
V = =

( ) ( ) ( )
2 1
21.063 0.30131 0.9561
2
A
e
V = =

Conservation of energy:
2
1 2.5
0 1.4583 0.9561
2 32.2
A
v
! "
= +
# $
% &

3.597
A
v =

3.60 ft/s
A
v = !




Loop 1

(a) The smallest velocity at B will occur when the force exerted by the
tube on the package is zero.

2

0
B
mv
F mg
r
= + =

( )
2 2
1.5 ft 32.2 ft/s
B
v rg = =

2
48.30
B
v =

At A
2
0
1
2
A
T m v =

A
0.5
0 8 oz 0.5 lb 0.01553
32.2
V
! "
= = # = =
$ %
& '

At B
( )
2
1 1
48.30 24.15 m
2 2
B B
T mv m = = =

( ) ( ) 7.5 1.5 9 9 0.5 4.5 lb ft
B
V mg mg = + = = =

( ) ( )
2
0
1
: 0.01553 24.15 0.01553 4.5
2
A A B B
T V T V v + = + = +

2
0 0
627.82 25.056 v v = =
0
25.1 ft/s v = "
At C
( )
2 2
1
0.007765 7.5 7.5 0.5 3.75
2
C C C C
T mv v v mg = = = = =
2 2
0
: 0.007765 0.007765 3.75
A A C C C
T V T V v v + = + = +
( )
2
2
0.007765 25.056 3.75 0.007765
C
v =

2
144.87
C
v =
continued


Loop 2

(b)

( ) 144.87
: 0.01553
1.5
n
F ma N = =
1.49989 N =
{Package in tube} 1.500 lb
C
N = "
(a) At B, tube supports the package so,
0
B
v
( ) 0, 0 7.5 1.5
B B B
v T V mg = = = +
4.5 lb ft =

A A B B
T V T V + = +
( )
2
1
0.01553 4.5 24.073
2
A A
v v = # =
24.1 ft/s
A
v = "
(b) At C
2
0.007765 , 7.5 3.75
C C C
T v V mg = = =
( )
2
2
: 0.007765 24.073 0.007765 3.75
A A C C C
T V T V v + = + = +

2
96.573
C
v =

96.573
0.01553 0.99985
1.5
C
N
! "
= =
$ %
& '

{Package on tube} 1.000 lb
C
N = "




(a) Loop 1
From 13.75, at B

2 2 2
48.3 ft /s 6.9498 ft/s
B B
v gr v = = , =
( )( )
2
1 1
0.01553 48.3 0.37505
2 2
B B
T mv = = =
( ) ( )( ) 7.5 1.5 0.5 9 4.5 lb ft
B
V mg = + = =
( )
2 2 2
1 1
0.01553 0.007765
2 2
C C C C
T mv v v = = =
( ) 7.5 0.5 3.75 lb ft
C
V = =
2
: 0.37505 4.5 0.007765 3.75
B B C C C
T V T V v + = + + = +

2
144.887 12.039 ft/s
C C
v v = , =
12.04 ft/s 10 ft/s > ,Loop (1) does not work !
(b) Loop 2 at A
2 2
0 0
1
0.007765
2
A
T mv v = =
0
A
V =
At C assume 10 ft/s
C
v =
( )
2
2
1
0.007765 10 0.7765
2
C C
T mv = = =
( ) 7.5 0.5 3.75
C
v = =

2
0
: 0.007765 0.7765 3.75
A A C C
T V T V v + = + = +

0
24.144 v =
0
24.1 ft/s v = !



Use conservation of energy from the point of release (A) and the top of the circle.

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (1) (datum at lowest point)
where

1 1
0; T V mg = = "
At 2 ( )( )
2
2 2
1
; 2
2
T mv V mgz mg a = = = "
2
1
0 2
2
mg mv mg a + = + " " (2)
We need another equation use Newtons 2
nd
law at the top. ( )
0
Tension, 0 at top T =

n n
F ma m = ,
'
m
g =
2
v

( )
2
v g g a = = "
( ) ( )
1
2
2
mg mg a mg a = + " " "

2 4 4
5 3
a a
a
= +
=
" " "
"

3
5
a = " !




( )
( )
( )( )
2 2
1
0, 70 , 70 kg 9.81 m/s 40 m 1 0.7071
2
A A B B B
T V T v V = = = =
( )
2
1
70 ,
2
C C
T v = 2
C B
V V =
Conservation of energy: 0, 15.161 m/s
B B B
T V v + = =
0, 21.441 m/s
C C C
T V v + = =

(a)

(b)

(c)

( )
2
70 /40 + 70
402.26 686.7
B
N v g
N
=
= +

1
1089 N
B
N = !
( )
2
70 /40 70
402.26 686.7
B
N v g
N
= +
= +

2
= 284 N
B
N !
( )
2
70 kg 0.7071 70 /40
C
N v =

1
804.5 485.6 0
C
N = + <
Skier airborne? Yes!

,
,
,



For a conservative force, Equation (13.22) must be satisfied

x y z
V V V
F F F
x y z

= = =

We now write
2 2

y
x
F
F V V
y x y x y x

= =

Since
2 2
:
y
x
F
V V F
x y y x y x

= =

!
We obtain in a similar way

y
z z x
F
F F F
z y x z

= =

!



(a)
x y
yz zx
F F
xyz xyz
= =
( ) ( )
1
1
0 0
y
y x
x
F
F
y y x x
= = = =

Thus
y
x
F
F
y x
=

The other two equations derived in Problem 13.80 are checked in a similar way.
(b) Recall that , ,
x y z
v v v
F F F
x y z

= = =

( )
1
ln ,
x
v
F V x f y z
x x
= = = +
(1)
( )
1
ln ,
y
v
F V y g z x
y y
= = = +
(2)
( )
1
ln ,
z
v
F V z h x y
z z
= = = +
(3)
Equating (1) and (2)
( ) ( ) ln , ln , x f y z y g z x + = +
Thus ( ) ( ) , ln f y z y k z = + (4)
( ) ( ) , ln g z x x k z = + (5)
Equating (2) and (3)
( ) ( ) ln , ln , z h x y y g z x + = +
( ) ( ) , ln g z x z l x = +
From (5)
( ) ( ) , ln g z x x k z = +
Thus
( ) ln k z z =
( ) ln l x x =
continued


From (4)
( ) , ln ln f y z y z =
Substitute for ( ) , f y z in (1)
ln ln ln V x y z =
ln V xyz = "



(a)
( ) ( )
3 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2

x y
x y
F F
x y z x y z
= =
+ + + +

( )( )
( )
( )
( )
3 3
2 2
5 5
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2

y
x
x y y y F
F
y x
x y z x y z

= =

+ + + +

Thus
y
x
F
F
y x
=

The other two equations derived in Problem 13.79 are checked in a similar fashion
(b) Recalling that , ,
x y z
V V V
F F F
x y z

= = =

( )
3
2 2 2
2

x
V x
F V dx
x
x y z
= =
+ +
!

( )
( )
1
2 2 2
2
, V x y z f y z
= + + +
Similarly integrating
V
y
and
V
z
shows that the unknown function ( ) , f x y is a constant.

( )
1
2 2 2
2
1
V
x y z
=
+ +
!




(a)
2
0
2
a
AB
a
U kxdx k = =
!

,
x y
F F F = is normal to BC, 0
BC
U =
( )
2
0
2
a
CA
a
U a u du

= =
!

( )
2
1 ,
2
ABCA
a
U k = not conservative !
(b) From Problem 13.77, 1
y
x
F
F
y x
= =

Conservative, 0
ABCA
U = !




(a)
( )
2 2
1 1
3
1 2 1 2
x x
x x
U Fdx k x k x dx
= = +
! !

( ) ( )
2 2 4 4 1 2
2 1 2 1
2 4
k k
x x x x =

1 2 1 2 e e
U V V
=

2 4
1 2
1 1
2 4
e
V k x k x = + !
(b) Conservation of energy:
2
1 2
1
0,
2
T T mv = =
2 4
1 1 0 2 0 2
1 1
, 0
2 4
e e
V k x k x V = + =

2 2 4
1 0 2 0
1 1 1
2 2 4
mv k x k x = +

2 4 1 2
0 0
2
k k
v x x
m m
" # " #
= +
$ % $ %
& ' & '
!




(a)
( )
2 2
1 1
3
1 2 1 2
x x
x x
U Fdx k x k x dx
= = +
! !

( ) ( )
2 2 4 4 1 2
2 1 2 1
2 4
k k
x x x x = +

1 2 1 2
:
e e
U V V
=

2 4
1 2
1 1
2 4
e
V k x k x = !
(b) Conservation of energy:
2
1 2
1
0,
2
T T mv = =
2 4
1 1 0 2 0 2
1 1
, 0
2 4
e e
V k x k x V = =

2 2 4
1 0 2 0
1 1 1
2 2 4
mv k x k x =

2 4 1 2
0 0
2
k k
v x x
m m
" # " #
= +
$ % $ %
& ' & '
!

1
0
2
2
Requires
k
x
k
" #
< $ %
$ %
& '




Circular orbit velocity
6
3960 mi = 20.9088 10 ft R =

6
930 mi = 4.9104 10 ft
Ao
r =

2
2
2
,
C
v GM
GM gR
r r
= =

( )
( )
( )
2
6
2
2
6 6
32.2 ft/s 20.9088 10 ft
20.9088 10 ft + 4.9104 10 ft
C
GM gR
v
r r

= = =

2 6 2 2
545.22 10 ft /s
C
v =
23350 ft/s
C
v =
Velocity reduced to 60% of 14010 ft/s
C
v =

A A B B
T V T V + = +

2 2
1 1
2 2
A B
A B
GMm GMm
mv mv
r r
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
6 6
2
2
6 6
32.2 20.9088 10 32.2 20.9088 10
1
14010
2 2
25.819 10 20.9088 10
B
v

=

21269 ft/s
B
v = 4.03 mi/s
B
v = !



Distance
6
OA 3960 mi + 376 mi = 4336 mi = 22.894 10 ft =
Distance
6
E
OO 10,840 mi 4336 mi = 6504 mi = 34.341 10 ft =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
8670 6504
C
r = +
6
10,838.4 mi = 57.2268 10 ft
C
r =
( )
2
2 1
= 15681.6
2
C
gR m
T V m
r
+
( )
6 2 2
1
constant = 123.032 10 ft /s T V
m
+ =
6
3960 mi = 20.9088 10 ft; 2.97 mi/s = 15681.6 ft/s
C
R v = =
(a) At point A,
2
2
6
1
=
2 22.894 10 ft
A
T V gR
v
m
+

( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 6
6 2
6
32.2 ft/s 20.9088 10 ft
1
123.032 10
2
22.894 10 ft
A
v

=

31364 ft/s
A
v = 5.94 mi/s
A
v = !
(b) At point B, ( ) ( ) 2 10,840 mi 4336 mi
B
r =

6
17344 mi = 91.5763 10 ft =
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
6
6 2
6
32.2 20.9088 10
1
123.032 10
2
91.5763 10
B
v

=

7834.3 ft/s
B
v = 1.484 mi/s
B
v = !



-
At A, 32.5 /h 9028 m/s
A
v Mm = =
( )
2
6
1
9028 m/s 40.752 10
2
A
T m m = =

2
A
A A
GMm gR m
V
r r
= =

6
10.67 M 10.67 10 m
A
r m = =

6
6370 km 6.37 10 m R = =

( ) ( )
( )
2
2 6
6
6
9.81m/s 6.37 10 m
m 37.306 10 m
10.67 10 m
A
V

= =

At B
2
2
1
;
2
B B B
B B
GMm gR m
T mv V
r r
= = =
6
19.07 M 19.07 10 m
B
r m = =
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 6
6
6
9.81m/s 6.37 10 m
20.874 10 m
19.07 10 m
B
m
V

= =

6 6 2 6
1
; 40.752 10 m 37.306 10 m 20.874 10 m
2
A A B B B
T V T V mv + = + =
2 6 6 6
2 40.752 10 37.306 10 20.874 10
B
v
( )
= +
* +

2 6 2 2
48.64 10 m /s
B
v =

3
6.9742 10 m/s 25.107 Mm/h
B
v = = 25.1Mm/h
B
v = !
4.3 6.37
A A
r h R Mm Mm = + = +

10 67
A
r Mm =
72.7 6.37
B B
r h R Mm Mm = + = +
19.07
B
r Mm =



Note:
moon earth
0.0123 GM GM =
By Equation 12.30
2
moon
0.0123
E
GM gR =
At distance from moon:
2 2
, assume 0 r v = =
lem
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
m
GM m
E T V = + = = =

(a) On surface of moon:
6
1740 km 1.74 10 m
M
R = =

6
1 1
0, 0 6370 km 6.37 10 m
E
v T R = = = =
2
lem lem
1 1 1 1
0.0123
0
m E
M m
GM m gR m
V E T V
R R
= = + =
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 6
lem
1
6
0.0123 9.81m/s 6.37 10 m
1.740 10 m
m
E

=

Where
lem
mass of the lem m =

( )
6 2 2
1 lem
2.814 10 m /s E m =

( )
6 2 2
2 1 lem
0 2.814 10 m /s E E E m = = +
Energy per kilogram:
lem
2810 kj/kg
E
m
= !
(b)
1
80 km
m
r R = +
( )
6
1
1740 km 80 km 1820 km 1.82 10 m r = + = =
Newtons second law:

2
lem lem 1
lem lem
2
1 1
:
m
GM m m v
F m a
r r
= =
2 2 lem
1 1 lem 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
m m
GM m GM
v T m v
r r
= = =


lem lem lem
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1
2
m m m
GM m GM m GM m
V E T V
r r r
= = + =
( )
2
lem lem
1
1 1
0.0123 1 1
2 2
E m
gR m GM m
E
r r
= =

( )
( )( )
2 3
lem
1
6
0.0123 9.81m/s 6.37 10 m
1
2 1.82 10 m
m
E

=

( )
6 2 2
1 lem
1.345 10 m /s E m =

( )
6 2 2
2 1 lem
0 1.345 10 m /s E E E m = = +
Energy per kilogram:
lem
1345 kJ/kg
E
m
= !




Total energy per unit weight
2 2
0 0
1 1
;
2 2
A A p p A p
A p
GMm GMm
E T V T V E mv mv
r r
= + = + = =
Unit weight W mg =
2 2
0
2 2
A p
A p
W W GM W W GM
E v v
g g r g g r
= =

2
2
0
2 2
p
A
A p
v
E v GM GM
W g gr g gr
= = (1)

2
2
2
1 1
1
2
p
A
A p A
v
v GM
g g r r v
! " ! "
# $ = # $
# $ # $
% & % &

2
2
2
1 2
p p A
A
A p A
v r r
v GM
r r v
! " ! "
# $ = # $
# $ # $
% & % &

( ) given
p
A
p A
r
v
v r
=

2
2
2
1 2
p A
A
A
A p p
r r
r
v GM
r r r
! " ! "
# $ = # $
# $ # $
% & % &

2 2
2
2
2
p A p A
A
A p p
r r r r
v GM
r r r
! " ! "

# $ = # $
# $ # $
% & % &

2
1
2
p
A
A p A
r
v GM
r r r
! "
= # $
# $
+
% &
(2)


Substitute
A
v from (2) into (1)
0
1 1 1 1
2
2
p p
A p A A A p A A
r r
E GM GM
GM
W g r r r gr g r r r r
' ( ' (
! " ! "
) * ) * = = # $ # $
# $ # $
+ +
) * ) *
% & % &
+ , + ,

( )
1
p p A
p
A p A A p A
r r r
r
GM GM
r g r r r g r r
! "
' ( +
# $
= = ) *
# $ + +
) *
+ ,
% &

( )
A B
GM
g r r
=
+

2
2 0 E
E
A p
E R
GM gR
W r r
= - =
+

( )
( )
2
6 0
3960 mi 5280 ft/mi
1.65598 10 ft lb/lb
50,000 mi 5280 ft/mi
E
W

= =

On earth: , 0, 0,
E E E E E E
E
WGM
E T V V T V
gR
= + = = =

2
6
20.9088 10 ft lb/lb
E E
E
E E
E GM gR
R
W gR gR
= = = =
For propulsion:
0
p
E
E
E E
W W W
=

( )
6 6
1.65598 10 20.9088 10 =

6
19.25 10 ft lb/lb
p
E
W
= "



Geosynchronous orbit

6
1
3960 200 4160 mi 21.965 10 ft r = + = =
6
2
3960 22, 000 25, 960 mi 137.07 10 ft r = + = =
Total energy
2
1
2
GMm
E T V mv
r
= + =
mass of earth M =
mass of satellite m =
Newtons second law
2
2
2
;
n
GMm mv GM
F ma v
r r r
= = ! =

2
1
2 2
GM GMm
T mv m V
r r
= = =

1 1
2 2
GMm GMm GMm
E T V
r r r
= + = =
( )
2 2
2
1 1
where
2 2
E E
E
gR m R W
GM gR E W mg
r r
= = = =
( )
( )
2
6
18
6000 20.9088 10 ft
1 1.3115 10
lb ft
2
E
r r

= =
Geosynchronous orbit at
6
2
137.07 10 ft r =
18
9
6
1.3115 10
9.5681 10 lb ft
137.07 10
Gs
E

= =

(a) At 200 mi,
6
1
21.965 10 ft r =
18
10
200
6
1.3115 10
5.9709 10
21.965 10
E

= =

10
300 200
5.0141 10
Gs
E E E = =

9
300
50.1 10 ft lb E = !


(b) Launch from earth
At launch pad
2
E
E E
E E
GMm gR m
E WR
R R
= = =
( )
11
6000 3960 5280 1.25453 10
E
E = =
9 9
9.5681 10 125.453 10
E Gs E
E E E = = +

9
115.9 10 ft lb
E
E = !




We know
Geosynchronous orbit:
2
35780 6370 42,150 km r = + =
Orbit of shuttle:
1
6370 km + 296 km = 6666 km r =
Radius of Earth:
2
6370km also = R GM = gR =
For any circular orbit
2
2
2
n
GMm mv GM
F ma v
r r r
= ! = ! =
Energy

2
2
1 1
;
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
GMm GMm
T mv v
r r
GMm GMm GMm gR m
E T V
r r r r
= = =
" #
= + = = =
$ %
$ %
& '

For Geosynchronous orbit
( )( )
( )
2
2 6
9
2
6
9.81 m/s 6.370 10 m 3600 kg
1
16.999 10 J
2 42.150 10 m
E
= =

For orbit of shuttle
( )
( )
( )
2
6
6
1
6
9.81 6.370 10 3600
1
107.487 10 J
2 6.666 10
E
= =

On the launching pad v
o
= 0
( )( )
( )
6 9
3600 9.81 6.370 10 224.963 10 J
o
GMm
E mgR
R
= = = =
(a) From shuttle to orbit

( )
9 9
2 1
16.999 10 J 107.487 10 J E E E = =

9
90.5 10 J E = "
(b) From surface to orbit

( )
9 9
2 0
16.999 10 J 224.963 10 J E E E = =

9
208 10 J E = "




(a) Potential energy
2
constant
GMm gR m
V
r r
= = +
(cf. Equation 13.17)
Choosing the constant so that 0 for : V r R = =

1
R
V mgR
r
! "
=
# $
% &
!
(b) Kinetic energy
Newtons second law
2
2
:
n
GMm v
F ma m
r r
= =
2
2
GM gR
v
r r
= =

2
1
2
T mv =
2
1
2
mgR
T
r
= !
Energy

(c) Total energy
2
1
1
2
gR R
E T V m mg
r r
! "
= + = +
# $
% &

1
2
R
E mgR
r
! "
=
# $
% &
!




In a circular orbit,
2
2
N
mv GMm
F
r r
= =
mass of Venus, mass of Sun m M = =
2
,
GM
v
r
=
2
1
2 2
GMm
T mv
r
= =
,
2
GMm GMm
V T V
r r
= + =
(a)
2
3 6
2
19
88
(78.3 10 ) (67.2 10 )(5280)
60
34.4 10
v r
M
G

! " # $

% & ' (
) *
+ ,
= =

27 2
136.0 10 lb s /ft M = !
(b)
2
1
2 2
GMm
T V mv
r
+ = =

2
27
3
1 136.029 10 88
78.3 10
2 60 407 10
T V
3
# $
! " # $
+ =
% & ' ( % &
) *
) *
+ ,

33
2.20 10 lb ft T V + = !




2 2
setting :
1
g g
y
R
WR WR WR
V r R y V
r R y
= = + = =
+
+

( ) ( )( )
1 2
1 1 2
1 1
1 1 2
g
y y y
V WR WR
R R R
! "

# $ # $
= + = + + + % &
' ( ' (
) * ) * % &
+ ,
!
We add the constant WR, which is equivalent to changing the datum from to : r r R = =
2
g
y y
V WR
R R
! "
# $
= + % &
' (
) * % &
+ ,
!
(a) First order approximation:

g
y
V WR Wy
R
# $
= =
' (
) *
!
[ ] Equation 13.16
(b) Second order approximation:
2
g
y y
V WR
R R
! "
# $
= % &
' (
) * % &
+ ,

2
g
Wy
V Wy
R
= !




Use Conservation of energy and Conservation of angular momentum.
Conservation of angular momentum.
( )( )
2
1 1
1 1 2 2
2
0.2 6
0.5
= - = =
r v
r mv r mv v
r

2
2.4 m/s = v
!
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (1)
At
!
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
4 kg 6 m/s 72 J
2 2
T mv = = =
( )( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
1500 N/m 0.2 m 0.4 m 72 J
2 2
V kx = = =
At
"
( )( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
4 2.4 4
2 2 2 2
r r
T mv mv v = + = +

2
2
11.52 2
r
v = +
( )( )
2
2
2 2
1 1
1500 N/m 0.5 m 0.4 m 7.5 J
2 2
V kx = = =
2
2
72 30 11.52 2 7.5
r
v + = + +

2
2
2 82.98
r
v =
2
6.44 m/s
r
v = !




Conservation of angular momentum.
1
r m
1 max
v r m
=
2
v

so
( )( )
1 1
2
max max max
0.2 6 1.2 r v
v
r r r
= = =

Energy
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (1)
where,
At ! ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
4 kg 6 m/s 72 J
2 2
T mv = = =
( )( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
1500 0.2 0.4 30 J
2 2
V kx = = =
At " ( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
max max
1 1 1 1.2 288
4
2 2 2
r
T mv mv
r r
! "
= + = =
# $
% &

( )( )
2
2
2 2 max
1 1
1500 0.4
2 2
V kx r = =
2
max
2
max
2.88
72 30 750 0.4 r
r
+ = +
Solve by trial for
max
r '
max
0.760 m r = !
Solve for
2
v

2
max
1.2 1.2
0.760
v
r
= = '
2
1.580 m/s v = !
0



Initial state

F ma =
2
2
0 0
,
A
A
mr !
kx mr ! x
k
= =
!
!

( )( )( )
2
0
4/ 32.2 3 ft 5 rad/s
1.331 ft
7 lb/ft
= = x
Unstretched length = 4.5 ft + 1.331 ft = 5.831 ft
Conservation of angular momentum
(A) ( ) ( )
2
2
= 3 5 45 = =
!
A A
h r ! (1)
(B) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
= 9 = 7.5 5 , = 3.4722 =
! ! !
B B
h r ! ! ! (2)
(a) Substitute into (1) gives 3.6 ft
A
r = !
(b) = 3.47 rad/s !
!
!
Conservation of energy ( )( )
2
0 0 0
1
, 7 lb/ft 1.331 ft 6.200 ft lb
2
T V T V V + = + = =
( ) ( )
2 2
0
1 4 1 4
5 3 5 7.5 101.320 ft lb
2 32.2 2 32.2
T
! " ! "
# $ # $ = + =
% & % &
' ( ' (
) * ) *

( ) ( )
2 1
7 9 3.6 5.831 0.6501 ft lb
2
V # $ = =
' (

0 0
= + T T V V
101.32 6.200 0.6501 = +
(c) T = 106.9 ft lb!



Initial state

F ma =
2
0 A
kx mr ! =
!

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
0
4/ 32.2 3 5
1.331 ft
7
A
mr !
x
k
= = =
!

Unstretched length = 4.5 + 1.331 = 5.831 ft
( ) ( )
2 2
0
1 4 1 4
5 3 5 7.5
2 32.2 2 32.2
T
! " ! "
# $ # $ = +
% & % &
' ( ' (
) * ) *

101.320 ft lb =
( )( )
2
0
1
7 1.331 6.200 ft lb
2
V = =
( )
2
1
1
100 7 101.32 6.200
2
T V x + = + = +
1
1.4658 ft x =
For compression:
( ) 5.831 1.4658
B A
r r =
(A) ( ) ( )
2
2
= 3 5 45
A A
h r ! = =
!

(B) ( ) ( )
2
2
= 7.5 5 = 281.25
B B
h r ! =
!

continued


( )
2
2 2
2.5 , 2.5
B A B A
r r r r = =
5.831 2.5 5.831 1.5 5.831
B A A A A
r r r r r = =
(a) 1.5 5.831 1.4658
A
r = 2.91 ft
A
r = !
(b) 2.5 7.2753 ft
B A
r r = = 7.28 ft
B
r = !
(c)
2
= 45, = 5.31 rad/s
A
r ! !
! !
= 5.31 rad/s !
!
!




6370 km R =

0
500 km 6370 km r = +

0
6870 km r =

6
6.87 10 m =
0
36, 900 km/h v =

6
3
36.9 10 m
3.6 10 s

3
10.25 10 m/s =

0 0 1 0 min 1 max
, ,
A
r mv r mv r r r r = = =
( )
6
3 0
0
1 1
6.870 10
10.25 10
A
r
V v
r r
! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
# $
% & % &

9
1
70.418 10
A
V
r
= (1)
Point A

3
0
10.25 10 m/s v =

( )
2
2 3
0
1 1
10.25 10
2 2
A
T mv m = =
( )
( )
( )
6
52.53 10 J
A
T m =
( )( )
2
2 2 6
0
9.81m/s 6.37 10 m
A
GMm
V GM gR
r
= = =

12 3 2
398 10 m /s GM =

6
0
6.87 10 m r =
continued


( )
( )
( )
12 3 2
6
6
398 10 m /s
57.93 10 m J
6.87 10 m
A
m
V

= =

Point A

2
1
2
A A
T mv

=
( )
12
1 1
398 10 m
J
A
GMm
V
r r
= =
A A A A
T V T V

+ = +
6
52.53 10 m
6
57.93 10 m
1
2
m =
12
2
398 10
A
m
v

1
r

Substituting for
A
v

from (1)

( )
( )( )
2
9
12
6
2
1
1
70.418 10
398 10
5.402 10
2
r
r

=

( )
21
12
6
2
1 1
2.4793 10
398 10
5.402 10
r r

=

( ) ( )
6 2 12 21
1 1
5.402 10 398 10 2.4793 10 0 r r + =

6 6
1
66.7 10 m, 6.87 10 m r =

max
66, 700 km r = !




The cord will not go slack if
2
v is perpendicular to the undeformed cord
length,
0
, L at !
1 2 2 1 0
0.8
0.8 0.6 1.333
0.6
v v v v v = = =
Point "
2 2
1 0 1 0 0
1
0.35
2
v v T mv v = = =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
1 0
1 1
150 N/m 0.8 m 0.6 m
2 2
V k L L = =
1
3J V =
Point !
2 2
2 2 2
1
0.35
2
T mv v = =
2 2
1 1 2 2 2
0 0 : 0.35 3 0.35 0
B
L V T V T V v v = = + = + + = +
From conservation of angular momentum
2
1.3158
B
v v =
( )
2
2
0
0.35 1.3158 1 3 v
! "
=
# $
% &

( )
( )( )
2 2 2
0
3J
11.72 m /s
0.35 kg 0.7313
v = =

0
3.42 m/s v = "
continued


The ball travels in a straight line after the cord goes slack.
( )( ) 0.8 1.71 dv =

1.368
d
v
=

1
1.71m/s v =
Point "
( )( )
2
2
1 1
1 1
0.7 kg 1.71m/s 1.0234J
2 2
T mv = = =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
1 0
1 1
150 N/m 0.8 m 0.6 m 3J
2 2
V k L L = = =
Point #
2 2
3 3
1
0.35
2
T mv v = =

3
0 V =

2
1 1 3 3
: 1.0234 3 0.35 0 T V T V v + = + + = +
3.39 m/s v =
From conservation of momentum
1.368 1.368
404 mm
3.39
d
v
= = =
404 mm d = "




(a) Conservation of angular momentum: About O
0
0.8 0.27 v v =

0
2.963 v v =
Point !
2 2
1 0 1 0 0
0.35
2
v v T mv v
1
= = =
( ) ( )( )
2 2
1 1 0
1 1
150 N/m 0.8 m 0.6 m
2 2
V k L L = =
1
3 J V =
Point "
2 2
2 2
1
0.35
2
v v T mv v = = =
( )
2
0 cord is slack V =
2 2
1 1 2 2 0
: 0.35 3 0.35 0 T V T V v v + = + + = +
From conservation of angular momentum,
0
3.125 v v =
( )
2
2
0
0.35 3.125 1 3 v
! "
=
# $
% &

( )
( )( )
2
0
3J
0.35 kg 8.7656
v =

2 2 2
0
0.9779 m /s v =

0
0.989 m/s v = "
(b) Maximum velocity occurs when the ball is at its minimum distance
from O, (when 0.27 m) d =
( )( )
0
3.125 3.125 0.9889 3.09 m/s
m
v v = = =
3.09 m/s
m
v = "




A
A A B B B A
B
r
mr v mr v v v
r
= ! = (1)

2 2
1 1
2 2
A B
A B
GMm GMm
mv mv
r r
= (2)
Put (1) into (2) and solve for
A
v

( )
2
2
B
A
A B A
GMr
v
r r r
=
+
(3)
Given data
3
1740 8 1748 km = 1.748 10 m
A A
r R h = + = + =
At B
3
1740 140 1880 km = 1.880 10 m
B B
r R h = + = + =

moon earth
0.0123 M M =
( ) ( )
2
moon earth
0.0123 0.0123 GM GM gR = =
( )
( )
2
6 12 3 2
0.0123 9.81 6.370 10 4.8961 10 m /s = =
(a) Speed at A
( )( )
( )
12 6
2
6 6 6
2 4.8961 10 1.88 10
2.9029
1.748 10 1.880 10 1.748 10
A
v

= =
+

1703.8 m/s
A
v = 1704 m/s
A
v = !


(b) At B
( )
1748
1703.8 1584.2 m/s
1880
A
B A
B
r
v v
r
= = =
The command module is in a circular orbit
At
6
1.880 10 m
B
r =

1
12
2
circ
6
4.8961 10
1613.8 m/s
1.880 10
B
GM
v
r
" #
= = =
$ %
& '

( ) Relative velocity 1613.8 1584.2 29.6 m/s
circ B
v v = = =
Relative velocity 29.6 m/s =




From 13.100
A
B A
B
r
v v
r
= (1) and
2
2
( )
B
A
A A B
GMr
v
r r r
=
+
(2)
Given data 264 km;
A
h = 6370 km + 264 km 6634 km
A
r = =

6
6.634 10 m =
35780 km;
B
h = 6370 km 35780 km 42,150 km
B
r = + =

6
42.150 10 m =
( )
( )
2
2 6 12
9.81 6.37 10 398.06 10 GM gR = = =
Substitute into (2)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
12 6
2
6 6 6
2 398.06 10 42.150 10
6.634 10 42.150 10 6.634 10
A
v

=
+

6 2 2
103.69 10 m /s =
10,183 m/s
A
v =
Substitute into (1) ( )
6634
10,183 1602.7 m/s
42,150
B
v
! "
= =
# $
% &

At A we have a circular orbit
12
6
398.06 10
7746.2 m/s
6.634 10
circ
A
GM
v
r

= = =

Relative velocity ( ) 10,183 7746.2
A circ
v v =
Relative velocity 2.44 km/s = "
At B
1
12
2
6
398.06 10
3073.1 m/s
42.15 10
circ
B
GM
v
r
' (
= = =
) *
+ ,

Increase in velocity 3073.1 1602.7 1470 m/s
circ B
v v = = =
Increase in 1.470 km/s v = "



M = Mass of the sun;
2
;
E
GM gR = R = 3960 mi
6
20.9088 10 ft =
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 6 21 3 2
= 332.8 10 32.2 ft/s 20.9088 10 ft 4.6849 10 ft /s GM =
Circular orbits Earth
6
97, 677 ft/s
(93 10 )(5280)
E
GM
v = =

Mars
6
79187 ft/s
(141.5 10 )(5280)
M
GM
v = =

Elliptical orbit ( ) ( ) 93 141.5
A B
v v =
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
6 6
1 1
2 2
93 10 5280 141.5 10 5280
A B
GM GM
v v =

141.5
1.5215
93
A B B
v v v
! "
= =
# $
% &

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
21 21
2
2 2
6 6
1 4.6849 10 1 4.6849 10
1.5215
2 2
93 10 5280 141.5 10 5280
B B
v v

=

2 9
0.6575 3.270 10
B
v =
70524 ft/s;
B
v = 107, 303 ft/s
A
v =
(a) Increase at A, 107303 97677 9626 ft/s = 1.823 mi/s
A E
v v = = !
(b) Increase at B, 79187 70524 8663 ft/s = 1.641 mi/s
B M
v v = = !



R = planet radius
;
A A B B
r R h r R h = + = +
( ) ( )
A A B B
v R h v R h + = +
( ) ( ) 5 1200 mi 1.2 16300 mi + = + R R
5 6000 1.2 19560; 3.8 13560 + = + = R R R
(a) 3568.4 mi R = = 3570 mi R !
Conservation of energy mass of spacecraft =
s
m

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
5 5280 1.2 5280
2 3568.4 1200 5280 2 3568.4 16300 5280
GM GM
=
+ +

6 6
6 6
348.48 10 20.072 10
25.177 10 104.905 10
=

GM GM

15 3 2
10.879 10 ft /s = GM
Using
9 4 4
34.4 10 ft /lb s G

=
(b)
21
316.26 10 slugs = M
21
316 10 slugs = M !
(planet is Venus)

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
;
2 2
+ = + =
+ +
s s
A A B B s A s B
A B
GMm m GM
T V T V m v m v
R h R h



Elliptical orbit between A and B
A A B B
mr v mr v =
7.170
6.690
B
A B B
A
r
v v v
r
= =
6
6370 km 320 km 6690 km, 6.690 10 m
A A
r r = + = =
1.0718
A B
v v = (1)
6
6370 km 800 km 7170 km, 7.170 10 m
B B
r r = + = =
( )
6
6370 km 6.37 10 m R = =
( )( )
2
2 2 6 12 3 2
9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m 398.060 10 m /s GM gR = = =
Point A
( )
( )
12
2
6
398.060 10
1

2
6.690 10
A A A
A
m
GMm
T mv V
r

= = =

6
59.501 10 m
A
V =
Point B
( )
( )
12
2
6
398.060 10
1

2
7.170 10
B B B
B
m
GMm
T mv V
r

= = =

6
55.5 10 m
B
V =
A A B B
T V T V + = +
continued


2 6 2 6
1 1
59.501 10 m 55.5 10 m
2 2
A B
mv mv =
2 2 6
8.002 10
A B
v v =
From (1) ( )
2
2 6
1.0718 1.0718 1 8.002 10
A B B
v v v
! "
= =
# $
% &

2 6 2 2
53.79 10 m /s , 7334 m/s
B B
v v = =
( )( ) 1.0718 7334 m/s 7861 m/s
A
v = =
Circular orbit at A and B
(Equation 12.44)
( )
12
6
398.060 10
7714 m/s
6.690 10
A
C
A
GM
v
r

= = =

( )
12
6
398.060 10
7451 m/s
7.170 10
B
C
B
GM
v
r

= = =

(a) Increases in speed at A and B
( ) 7861 7714 147 m/s
A A A
C
v v v = = = !
( ) 7451 7334 117 m/s
B B B
C
v v v = = = !
(b) Total energy per unit mass
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 1
/
2
A A B B
C C
E m v v v v
! "
= +
# $
% &

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 1
/ 7861 7714 7451 7334
2
E m
! "
= +
# $
% &

6
/ 2.01 10 J/kg E m = !




(a)
6
185 10 m
A
r =
6
295 10 m
B
r =
Speed of spacecraft in the elliptical orbit after its speed
A
v =
has been decreased
Elliptical orbit between A and B conservation of energy
Point A
2 sat
1
,
2
A A A
A
GM m
T mv V
r
= =
sat
mass of saturn M =
Determine
sat
GM from the speed of Tethys in its circular orbit.
(Equation 12.44)
2 sat
circ sat circ

B
GM
v GM r v
r
= =
( )( )
2
6 3 15 3 2
sat
295 10 m 11.3 10 m/s 37.67 10 m /s GM = =
( )
( )
15 3 2
9
6
37.67 10 m /s
0.2036 10 m
185 10 m
A
m
V

= =

Point B
( )
( )
15 3 2
2 sat
6
37.67 10 m /s
1

2
295 10 m
B B B
B
m
GM m
T mv V
r

= = =

9
0.1277 10
B
V =
;
A A B B
T V T V + = +
2 9 2 9
1 1
0.2036 10 0.1277 10
2 2
A B
mv m mv m =
2 2 9
0.1518 10
A B
v v =
continued


6
6
185 10
0.6271
295 10
A
A A B B B A A A
B
r
r mv r mv v v v v
r

= = = =

( )
2
2 9
1 0.6271 0.1518 10 , 15817 m/s
A A
v v
! "
= =
# $
% &

21000 15817 5183 m/s 5.18 km/s
A A A
v v v = = = = !
(b) ( )( ) 0.6271 15817 9919 m/s,
A
B A
B
r
v v
r
= = =
9.92 km/s
B
v = !





2 2
0
1 1
2 2
A
B A
GMm GMm
mv mv
r r
=
So
2 2
0
2
1
B
A
B A
GM r
v v
r r
! "
=
# $
% &
(1)
Given

6
6370 km = 6.37 10 m R =
( )
( )
2
2 6 12
9.81 6.37 10 398 10 GM gR = = =

6
6370 360 6730 km 6.73 10 m
A
r = + = =

6
6370 60 6430 km 6.43 10 m
B
r = + = =
Substitute into (1)

( )
12
6
2 2
0
6 6
2 398 10
6.43 10
1
6.43 10 6.73 10
A
v v
! "
=
# $
# $

% &

2 2 6
0
5.518 10
A
v v = (2)
We need another equation conservation of angular momentum
sin
B A A
r mv r mv =

6
0
0
6
sin 6.43 10
sin50
6.73 10
B
A
A
r v
v v
r
! "
= =
# $
# $
% &

0
0.7319
A
v v =
Substitute into (2)
( )
2
2 6
0 0
0.7319 5.518 10 v v =

2 6
0
0.46433 5.518 10 v =

0
3477 m/s v =

0
3450 m/s v = "




2
1
Let constant
2
A
A
T V GM
E v
m r
+
= = =
km m 1
30, 000 1000
hr km 3600 s/hr
A
v
! "
! "! "
=
# $ # $# $
% &% &
% &

8333.33 m/s
A
v =

( )( )
2
2 2 6
9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m GM gR = =

12 3 2
398.059 10 m /s GM =

6 6 6
4.3 10 m 4.3 10 m + 6.37 10 m
A
r R = + =

6
10.67 10 m
A
r =
( )
12
2
6
1 398.059 10
8333.3
2 10.67 10
E

=

3 2 2
2584.19 10 m /s E =
/ constant = sin60
A A
h m v r =
( )
( ) ( )
6
/ 8333.33 m/s 10.67 10 m 3/2 h m =

9 2
/ 77.0041 10 m /s h m =
At min or max altitude, / , h m r v =
/ h m
v
r
! "
=
# $
% &

Eliminate

2
2
/ 1 1 /
:
2 2
h m GM h m GM
v E v
r R r r
! " ! "
= = =
# $ # $
% & % &

Multiply by r
2
:
2
2
1
2
h
Er GMr
m
! "
=
# $
% &



And rearrange ( )
2
2
1
0
2
h
Er GM r
m
! "
+ =
# $
% &

Quadratic formula for minimum r:
( ) ( )
2 2
min
2 /
2
GM GM E h m
r
E
+ +
=
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
12 24 3 18
min
3
398.06 10 398.06 10 2 2584.2 10 77.004 10
2 2584.2 10
r
+ +
=

( )
12 12
min
3
398.06 10 357.50 10
2 2584.2 10
r
+
=

6
min
7.848 10 m r =
Minimum altitude
6
7.848 10 R =

6 6
7.848 10 m 6.37 10 m =

6
1.478 10 m =
Minimum altitude 1478 km = !




At A: ( )( ) ( )( ) 6.5 5280 3960 mi + 567 mi 5280 ft/mi
A
h v r ! " ! " = =
# $ # $

9 2
820.336 10 ft /s
A
h =
( )( )
6
3960 mi 5280 ft/mi 20.9088 10 ft R = =
( )
2
1 1
2
A A
GM
T V v
m r
+ =

( )( )
( )
( )( )
2
6
2
32.2 20.9088 10
1
6.5 5280 0
2 3960 567 5280
! "
# $
! " =
# $
! " +
# $

Parabolic orbit
At B: ( )
2
1 1
0
2
B B B
B
GM
T V v
m r
+ = =

( )( )
2
6
2
32.2 20.9088 10
1
2 3960 5190 5280
B
v
! "
# $
=
! " +
# $

2 6
582.76 10 ; 24140 ft/s
B B
v v = =
(a) 4.57 mi/s
B
v = !

9
sin 820.336 10
B B B B
h v r = =

( )( )
9
820.336 10
sin
24140 3960 5190 5280
B

=
! " +
# $

0.7034 =
(b) 44.7
B
= !




6
, 3960 mi 377 mi = 4337 mi = 22.8994 10 ft
A A A A
h v r r = = +
( )( ) 2.97 mi/s 5280 ft/mi 15681.6 ft/s
C
v = =
( )( )
6
3960 5280 20.9088 10 ft R = =

6
15681.6 22.8994 10
C C A
h v b b v
' (
= = =
) *
(1)
( )
2
6
1
2 22.8994 10
A
A A
v GM
T V
m
+ =

2
6
32.2 20.9088 10 GM
' (
=
) *

2
6
2 22.8994 10
A
v GM
=
(2)
Two equations in two unknowns: , .
A
v b
Solve ;
31361 ft/s
A
v =

6
45.8 10 ft b =
(a) 5.94 mi/s
A
v = "
(b) 8670 mi b = "




6
1080 87 1167 mi 6.1618 10 ft
A
r = + = =
6
1080 mi 5.7024 10 ft
C
r R = = =
2
moon
0.0123 0.0123
E E
GM GM gR = =
( )( )
2
0.0123 32.2 3960 5280 =

14 3 2
1.7315 10 ft /s =
At 87 mi:
moon
circ
5301.0 ft/s
A
GM
v
r
= =
(a) An elliptic trajectory between A and C, where the lem is just tangent
to the surface of the moon, will give the smallest reduction of speed
at A which will cause impact.
2 6
1
28.101 10 m
2
m
A A A
A
GM m
T mv V
r
= = =
2 6
1
30.364 10 m
2
m
C C C
C
GM m
T mv V
r
= = =

2 6
1
: 28.101 10 m
2
A A C C A
T V T V mv + = +

2 6
1
30.364 10 m
2
C
mv =

2 2 6
4.526 10
A C
v v = (1)



Conservation of angular momentum:
A A C C
r mv r mv =
6.1618
1.0806
5.7024
A
C A A A
C
r
v v v v
r
= = =
( )
2
2 6
1.0806 4.526 10 5195.1 ft/s
A A A
v v v = ! =
( )
circ
5343.9 5195.1 148.8
A A A
v v v = = =
148.8 ft/s
A
v = !
(b) Conservation of energy (A and B)
Since
B C
r r = conservation of energy is the same as between
A and C
Conservation of angular momentum:
sin ; 45
A A B B
r mv r mv = =
6.1618
1.5281
sin 45 5.7024 0.70711
A A A
B A
B
r v V
v v
r
" #" #
= = =
$ %$ %
& '& '

From (1)
( )
2
2 6
1.5281 4.526 10 1841.4 ft/s
A A A
v v v = ! =
( )
circ
5343.9 1841.4 3487.3
A A A
v v v = = =
3503 ft/s
A
v = !




For circular orbit of radius
0
r
2
0
2
0 0

n
GMm v
F ma m
r r
= =

2
0
0
GM
v
r
=
But
0
v forms an angle with the intended circular path
For elliptic orbit
0 0
cos
A A
r mv r mv =

0
0
cos
A
A
r
v v
r

! "
=
# $
% &
(1)
2 2
0
0
1 1
2 2
A
A
GMm GMm
mv mv
r r
= = =
2 2 0
0
0
2
1
A
A
GM r
v v
r r
! "
=
# $
% &

Substitute for
A
v from (1)
2
2 2 0 0
0
0
2
1 cos 1
A A
r GM r
v
r r r
' (
! " ! "
) *
=
# $ # $
) *
% & % &
+ ,

But
2
0
0
GM
v
r
= thus
2
2 0 0
1 cos 2 1
A A
r r
r r
! " ! "
=
# $ # $
% & % &

2
2 0 0
cos 2 1 0
A A
r r
r r
! " ! "
+ =
# $ # $
% & % &



Solving for
0
A
r
r

2
0
2 2
2 4 4cos 1 sin
2cos 1 sin
A
r
r

+
= =

( )( )
( )
0 0
1 sin 1 sin
1 sin
1 sin
A
r r r

+
= =
!

also valid for point A
Thus
( )
max 0
1 sin r r = + ( )
min 0
1 sin r r = !




6370 km 362 km 6732 km
A
r = + =
6
6.732 10 m
A
r =
6370 km 64.4 km 6434.4 km
B
r = + =
6
6.4344 10 m
B
r =
6
6370 km 6.37 10 m R = =
( )( )
2
2 2 6
9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m GM gR = =
9 3 2
398.06 10 m /s GM =
9
2 6
6
1 398.06 10
59.130 10 m
2 6.732 10
A A A
A
GMm m
T mv V
r

= = = =

9
2 6
6
1 398.06 10
61.86 10 m
2 6.4344 10
B B B
B
GMm m
T mv V
r

= = = =

2 6 2 6
1 1
: 59.130 10 61.86 10
2 2
A A B B A B
T V T V mv m mv m + = + =

2 2 6
5.4609 10
A B
v v = (1)


sin
A A B B B
r mv r mv =

( )
( )( )
6732 1
1.208
sin 6434.4 sin60
A A
B A B A
B B
r v
v v v v
r
! "
= = =
# $
% &
(2)
Substitute
B
v from (2) in (1)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 6 2 6
1.208 5.4609 10 ; 1.208 1 5.4609 10
A A A
v v v
' (
= =
) *
+ ,

2 6 2 2
11.8905 10 m /s
A
v =
3.448 km/s
A
v =
(a) 3.45 km/s
A
v = !
From (2) ( ) 1.208 1.208 3.45 km/s 4.1655 km/s
B A
v v = = =
(b) 4.17 km/s
B
v = !




6370 km 362 km
A
r = +
6732 km =
6370 km 64.4 km
B
r = +
6434.4 km =
( )
2
2 2 6
9.81 m/s 6.37 10 m GM gR
! "
= =
# $

15 3 2
0.39806 10 m /s GM =
Velocity in circular orbit at 362 km altitude
2
A
GMm
F
r
=
( )
2
circ
2
A
n
A
m v
a
r
=
Newtons second law
( )
2
circ
2

A
n
A A
m v
GMm
F ma
r r
= =
( )
15
3
6 circ
0.39806 10
7.69 10 m/s
6.732 10
A
A
GM
v
r

= = =

Energy expenditure
From Problem 13.112,
3
3.448 10 m/s
A
v =



Energy, ( )
2
2
112
circ
1 1
2 2
A A
E m v mv =

( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
112
1 1
7.690 10 3.448 10
2 2
E m m =

6
112
23.624 10 m J E =

( )
6
113 112
23.624 10 m
0.50 J
2
E E

= =
Thus, additional kinetic energy at A is,
( )
( )
6
2
113
23.624 10 m
1
2 2
A
m v E

= = (1)
Conservation of energy between A and B
( ) ( )
2 2
circ
1

2
A A A A
A
GMm
T m v v V
r
! "
= + =
% &
# $

2
1

2
B B B
B
GMm
T mv V
r
= =
A A B B
T V T V + = +
( )
6 15
2
3
6
1 23.624 10 m 0.3980 10 m
7.690 10
2 2 6.732 10
m

+

15
2
6
1 0.39806 10 m
2 6.434 10
B
mv

=

2 6 6 6 6
59.136 10 23.624 10 118.26 10 123.74 10
B
v = + +
2 6
88.240 10
B
v =
9.39 km/s
B
v = !
Conservation of angular momentum between A and B
( )
circ
sin
A A B B B
r m v r mv =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
circ
3
7.690 10
6732
sin 0.8565
6434.4
9.394 10
A
A
B
B B
v
r
r v

' (
= = =
) *
+ ,

58.9
B
= !




A A P P
r mv r mv =

P
A P
A
r
v v
r
= (1)

2 2
1 1
2 2
P A
P A
GMm GMm
mv mv
r r
= (2)
Substituting for
A
v from (1) into (2)

2
2 2
2 2
P
P P
P A A
GM r GM
v v
r r r
! "
=
# $
% &

2
2
1 1
1 2
P
P
A P A
r
v GM
r r r
! "
! " ! "
# $
=
# $ # $
# $
% & % &
% &

2 2
2
2
2
A P A P
P
A P A
r r r r
v GM
r r r

=
With ( )( )
2 2
A P A P A P
r r r r r r = +

2
2
A
P
A P P
GM r
v
r r r
! "
=
# $
+
% &
(3) !
Exchanging subscripts P and A
( )
2
2
QED
P
A
A P A
GM r
v
r r r
! "
=
# $
+
% &
!



See solution to Problem 13.113 (above) for derivation of Equation (3)
( )
2
2
A
P
A P P
GM r
v
r r r
=
+

Total energy at point P is

2
1
2
P P P
P
GMm
E T V mv
r
= + =

( )
0
1 2
2
A
A P P
GMm r GMm
r r r r
' (
=
, -
+
, -
) *

( )
1
A
P A P P
r
GMm
r r r r
' (
=
, -
+
, -
) *

( )
( )
A A P
P A P
r r r
GMm
r r r

=
+

A P
GMm
E
r r
=
+
"
Note: Recall that gravitational potential of a satellite is defined as being
zero at an infinite distance from the earth.




(a) For a circular orbit of radius r
2
2
:
n
GMm v
F ma m
r r
= =
2
GM
v
r
=

2
1 1
2 2
GMm GMm
E T V mv
r r
= + = = (1)
Thus E required to pass from circular orbit of radius
1
r to circular
orbit of radius
2
r is
1 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
GMm GMm
E E E
r r
= = +

( )
2 1
1 2
2
GMm r r
E
r r

= (2) (Q.E.D.)
(b) For an elliptic orbit we recall Equation (3) derived in
Problem 13.113 ( )
1
with
P
v v =
( )
2 2
1
1 2 1
2Gm r
v
r r r
=
+

At point A: Initially spacecraft is in a circular orbit of radius
1
r
2
circ
1
GM
v
r
=
2
circ circ
1
1 1
2 2
GM
T mv m
r
= =


After the spacecraft engines are fired and it is placed on a
semi-elliptic path AB, we recall
( )
2 2
1
1 2 1
2GM r
v
r r r
=
+

And
( )
2 2
1 1
1 1 2
1 1 2
2 2
GMr
T mv m
r r r
= =
+

At point A, the increase in energy is
( )
2
1 circ
1 1 2 1
1 2 1
2 2
A
GMr GM
E T T m m
r r r r
= =
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 1 2 2 1
1 1 2 1 1 2
2
2 2
A
GMm r r r GMm r r
E
r r r r r r

= =
+ +

( )
2 1 2
1 2 1 2
2
A
GMm r r r
E
r r r r
! "
=
# $
+
% &

Recall Equation (2):
( )
( )
2
1 2
Q.E.D
A
r
E E
r r
=
+

A similar derivation at point B yields,
( )
( )
1
1 2
Q.E.D
B
r
E E
r r
=
+




If the point of intersection
0
P of the circular and elliptic orbits is at an
end of the minor axis, then
0
v is parallel to the major axis. This will be
the case only if
0
90 , + = that is if
0
cos sin = we must
therefore prove that

0
cos sin = (1)
We recall from Equation (12.39):

2
1
cos
GM
C
r h
= + (2)
When 0, = ( )
min min 0
and 1 sin r r r r = =

( )
2
0
1
1 sin
GM
C
r h
= +
(3)
For 180 , = ( )
max 0
1 sin r r r = = +

( )
2
0
1
1 sin
GM
C
r h
=
+
(4)
Adding (3) and (4) and dividing by 2:
2 2
0 0
1 1 1 1
2 1 sin 1 sin cos
GM
r h r
! "
= + =
# $
+
% &

Subtracting (4) from (3) and dividing by 2:
2
0 0
1 1 1 1 2sin
2 1 sin 1 sin 2 1 sin
C
r r
! "
! "
= =
# $
# $
+ % &
% &

2
0
sin
cos
C
r

=
Substitute for
2
GM
h
and C into Equation (2)
( )
2
0
1 1
1 sin cos
cos r r

= + (5)


Letting
0 0
and r r = = in Equation (5), we have
2
0
cos 1 sin cos = +
2 2
0
cos 1 sin
cos sin
sin sin

= = =
This proves the validity of Equation (1) and thus
0
P is an end of the
minor axis of the elliptic orbit.




(a)
A
r R =
0 0
sin
B B
Rmv r mv =
( ) 1
B
r R R R = + = +

( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
sin sin
1 1
B
Rv v
v
R

= =
+ +
(1)
Conservation of Energy
( )
2 2
0
1 1

2 2 1
A A B B B
GMm GMm
T V T V mv mv
R R
+ = + =
+

2 2
0
2 1 2
1
1 1
B
GMm GMm
v v
R R

! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
+ +
% & % &

Substitute for
B
v from (1)
( )
2
2 0
0
2
sin 2
1
1
1
GMm
v
R

! "
! "
# $
=
# $
# $ +
% & +
% &

From Equation (12.43):
2
esc
2GM
v
R
=
( )
2
2 2 0
0 esc
2
sin
1
1
1
v v

! "
! "
# $
=
# $
# $ +
% & +
% &

( )
2
2
0 esc
2
0
sin
1
1
1
v
v

! "
=
# $
+
+ % &
(2)
( )
2
esc
0
0
sin 1 1 Q.E.D.
1
v
v
! "
= +
# $
+
% &



(b) Allowable values of
0
v ( ) for which maximum altitude R =

2
0
0 sin 1
For
0
sin 0, = from (2)
2
esc
0
0 1
1
v
v

! "
=
# $
+
% &

0 esc
1
v v

=
+

For
0
sin 1, = from (2)

( )
2
esc
2
0
1
1
1
1
v
v

! "
=
# $
+
+ % &

( )
2
2
esc
0
1 1 1 2 1 2
1
1 1 1
v
v

! "
+ + + ! "
= + = =
# $
# $
+ + +
% &
% &

0 esc
1
2
v v

+
=
+

esc 0 esc
1
1 2
v v v

+

+ +
!




6
0 6
0
m dt m + =
!
v F v
( ) ( )
6
6
0
3
0 20sin 2 24cos 2
32.2
t t dt " # + + =
$ %
!
i j v
[ ]
6
6
0
3
0 10cos 2 12sin 2
32.2
t t + + = i j v
[ ] [ ]
6
10 cos12 cos0 12 sin12 sin 0 0.09317 + = i j v

6
1.5615 6.4389 0.09317 = i j v
[ ]
6
16.759 69.109 ft/s = v i j

6
71.1 ft/s v = !
76.4 !




0
dt m m =
.
F v v
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0
4 8 2 4 2 8 2
t
t dt t t t = =
.
i j v i j

( )
2
0.5 2 0.5 m/s t t t = v i j

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2
speed 0.5 2 0.5 v t t t = = +

4 3 2 2
0.25 2 4 0.25 t t t t = + +

2 2
0.25 2 4.25 t t t
' (
= +
) *

( ) [ ]
2 2 2
3 2
speed 2 0.25 2 4.25 0.5 2
6 8.5 0
d
t t t t t
dt
t t t
' (
= + +
) *
= + =

Roots:
( ) 6 36 4 8.5
0, 0,
2
t v t

= = =
( )
6 2
2.2929 s, 3.7071 s outside interval
2
t

= =
At 2.2929 s, 1.9571 1.1464 t v = = i j
2.27 m/s, max v = "

0



1 1 2
12 km/h 3.33 m/s 10 s v t

= = =

2
18 km/h 5.00 m/s v = =

1 1 2 2
impulse mv mv
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) 333 m/s 10 s 5.00 m/s
N
m F m + =
( )( ) 440 kg 5.00 m/s 3.3333 m/s
73.33 N
10 s
N
F

= =
73.3 N
N
F = !
Note:
N
F is the net force provided by the sails. The force on the sails is actually greater and includes the force
needed to overcome the water resistance of the hull.




(a) 0 =

k k
Ft Wt mgt = =
A k B
mv mgt mv =
( ) 9 0.30 9.81 0 t =
3.06 s t = !
(b) 20 =

cos 20 cos 20 Nt Wt mgt = =

k
Ft Nt =
cos 20 sin 20 0
A k
mv mg t mgt =
( ) 9 0.65 9.81 cos 20 9.81sin 20 0 t ! " + =
# $

( ) 9 9.81 0.9528 0 t =
0.963 s t = !




20, 000 lb W =

2
20, 000
621.118 lb s ft
32.2
m = =
Momentum in the x direction
( )
0 1
: sin15 x mv F mg t mv + =
( ) ( ) ( )( ) 621.118 108 sin15 6 621.118 36 F mg + =
sin15 7453.4 F mg + =
(a) 7453.4 20, 000 sin15 2277 lb F = =
2280 lb F = !
(b) ( )
0
sin15 0 mv F mg t + = t = total time
( ) 621.118 108 7453.4 0; t = t = 9.00 s
Additional time = 9 6 = 3 s !




20, 000 lb W =

2
20, 000
621.118 lb s ft
32.2
m = =
Momentum, ( )
0 1
: sin15 x mv F mg t mv + =
( ) ( )( )
0
0
621.118 sin15 5.5 621.118
2
v
v F mg
% &
+ =
' (
) *

( )( )
0
310.559 sin15 5.5 v F mg = + (1)
( )
2 2
0 1
1 1
sin15
2 2
mv F mg x mv + =
( ) ( )
2
2 0
0
310.559
310.559 sin15 540
4
v
v F mg + =

( )
( ) ( )
2
0
3 310.559
sin15 540
4
v
F mg = +
Using (1) eliminate ( ) sin15 : F mg +

( )
2
0
0
3 310.559
5.5
310.559
4 180
v
v
% &
=
' (
) *

(a)
( )( )
( )
0
4 540
130.909 ft s 89.3 mi h
3 5.5
v = = = !
(b) ( )
( )( )
0
310.559 130.909 310.559
+ sin15 7391.8
5.5 5.5
v
F mg = = =
( ) 7391.8 20000 sin15 2215 lb F = =
F = 2220 lb !



100 km h 27.777 m s
2
v = =
80 km h 22.222 m s
1
v = =
(a) ( ) ( ) ( )
8
2 1
0
1000
8 100 80
3600
F dt F m v v m
% &
= = =
' (
) *
+

0.69444 F m = on the level

on the up grade
( ) ( )
10
10
0
: sin6 27.777 x F mg dt m v =
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
10
0.69444 10 9.81 sin6 10 27.777 m m m v =
(a)
10 10
27.777 3.3098, 24.468 m s v v = =
10
88.1 km h v = !
(b) ( ) ( )
0
1000
sin 6 60 100
3600
t
F mg dt m
% &
=
' (
) *
+

0.69444 m m ( ) 9.81 sin6 t m
! "
=
# $
( ) 11.111

t = 33.6 s !
F = 0.69444 m



Impulse diagonally (assume sliding)

[ ]( ) ( ) : cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3 N 6 20 15 x P =

[ ]( ) : N 196.2 cos 20 sin 20 6 0 y P =

[ ]
15
cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.3 196.2 cos 20 + sin 20 20 50
6
P P
% &
= =
' (
) *

( ) cos 20 0.3 sin 20 50 67.104 55.310 P = + +
205.97 N P = 206 N P = !
Check
s

Static value ( ) 0.4 N = 0.4 196.2 cos 20 sin 20 P +
cos 20 196.2 sin 20 0.4 N = 0 P
( ) cos 20 0.4 sin 20 196.2 sin 20 78.48 cos 20 140.85 P = + =
static
= 175.4 N 206 N P <

W = (20)(9.81) = 196.2 N



Use impulse momentum
1
55mi h 80.667 ft s v = =

x-Direction
m
1 s
v m 0 gt =

( )
( )
1
2
s
80.667 ft s
0.4 32.2 ft s
v
t
g
= =
6.26 s t = !
Since this is the shortest time the load can be brought to rest and the load does not slide it is also the shortest
time the rig can be brought to rest.




( )
4
2 1
0
t
t
F dt m v v
=
=
=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4
0
5 40 40 32.2 2 3 P dt =
+

( ) ( )( ) 20 40 4 40 32.2 5 P =
(a) ( ) = 6.2112 + 160 20 P
8.31 lb P = !
(b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
5 40 40 32.2 0 3
t
P dt =
+

( )( ) 5 t 40 40 32.2 3 P t =
2.4 s t = !




(a) Combined

90km h 25 m s v = =
( )( ) ( )( )
1 2
6500 9.81 63765 N; 3600 9.81 35316 N W W = = = =

1 1 2 2 1
; 0.75 N W N W F N = = =

+
Impulse = 0 mv
0

( )
1
0.75 10,100 kg 25 m s N t =

( )
( )( )
10,100 25
5.2798 s
0.75 63765
t = = 5.28 s t = !
(b) Second trailer alone

+
Impulse
2
= Ct m v =
( ) ( ) 5.2798 3600 kg 25 m s C =
= 17046 N C
17.05 kN C = !
Compression




(a) Entire train
1
72 km/h 20 m/s v = =

3
18 13 31 Mg 31 10 kg
A B
m m + = + = =
( )
( )
( )
3
1 2
0 19000 N 19000 N 31 10 kg 20 m/s t

= + +

( )
( )
3
1 2
31 10 kg 20 m/s
16.3158 s
38000 N
t

= =

1 2
16.32 s t

= !
(b) Car A
3
1 2
18 Mg 18 10 kg; 16.32 s
A
m t

= = =

( ) [ ] ( )( ) 0 19000 N 16.32 s 18000 kg 20 m/s
C
F ! " = + +
# $

3058.8 N
C
F =
3.06 kN T
C
F = !




(a) Entire train
1
72 km/h 20 m/s v = =

18 13 31 Mg 31000 kg
A B
m m + = + = =
( ) ( )( )
1 2
0 19000 N 31000 kg 20 m/s t

= +

1 2
32.63 s t

=

1 2
32.6 s t

= !
(b) Car A

1 2 1 1 2
0 ; 32.63 s
C A
F t m v t

= + =

( )( )
( )
18000 kg 20 m/s
11033 N
32.63 s
C
F = =
11.03 kN T
C
F = !




Impulse diagrams

Constraint:
A
v 3
B
v =
A: x ( ) ( )
20
20 0.5 sin30 0.5
32.2
A
T v =
B: x ( ) ( )
( )
16 16
3 0.5 16 0.5 sin30
32.2 32.2 3
A
B
v
T v = =
Substituting for T(0.5) from the equation for A into the equation for B
From A:
( ) 0.5 5 0.62112
A
T v =

A
0.4969
15 1.8634 4
3
A
v
v =
2.029 11
A
v =
v
A
= 5.4214
(a) 5.42 ft/s
A
v = 30 !
( ) ( ) 0.5 5 0.62112 5.4214 T =
3.2653 lb T =
(b) 3.27 lb T = !




( ) ( ) ( ) 3
C A C B B
l x x x x d x + +
Constraint: 4 2 3 0
C B A
v v v = (1)
For , and
A B C
v v v +
At 0, t = ( ) ( ) 4 15ft/s 2 3 9ft/s 0, 16.5 ft/s
B B
v v = =

(2) ( )
20
3 4 9
32.2
A
Tt t v = (3) ( )
20
4 4 15
32.2
C
Tt t v = (4) ( )
10
2 2 16.5
32.2
B
Tt t v =
Given 0.5 s 4 t = ! Equations in T, v
A
, v
B
, v
C

3 2 4 0
A B C
v v v + = (1)

1.5 0.6211
A
T v 3.5901 = (2)
2T 0.6211 7.3168
C
v = (3)
0.31056
B
T v 4.1242 = (4)
From the solution of the above equations.
(a) 6.07 ft/s
A
v = "
13.7 ft/s
B
v = "
11.4 ft/s
C
v = "
(b) 0.1212 lb T = "



Kinematics
Length of cable is constant.
2
A B
L X X = +
2 0
A B
dL
v v
dt
= + =
2
B A
v v =
( )
2
0.6 m/s
A
v =

Collar A
15 kg
A
m =
( ) ( )( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 2
2
A A A A
m v T t W t m v

+ =
( ) ( )( )
1 2
0 2 15 9.81 15 0.6 T t

! " + =
# $

( )
1 2
73.575 4.5 T t

= (1)

Collar B
10 kg
B
m =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1.2 m/s
B A
v v = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
1 2
B A B B B
m v T t W t m v

+ =
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
0 10 9.81 10 1.2 T t

! " + =
# $
(2)
Add Equation (1) and Equation (2) (eliminating T)
( )
1 2
98.1 73.575 4.5 12 t

= +

1 2
16.5
0.673 s
24.52
t

= = 0.673 s t = !




Lets find out if they slide assume they dont slide and find the required angle for impending motion
0; cos 0; cos
y A A i A A i
F N m g N m g = ! = ! =
"

0; sin 0
x s A A i
F N m g = ! =
"

s
m
A
g cos
i
m =
A
g sin
i

tan 0.3
i s
= =
so 16.7
i
= so they slide
Assume they slide at the same velocity (remain in contact)
impulse momentum

- x dir
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 sin
A B kA A kB B A B
m g m g t N N t m m v + + + = +
(a) Solve for v

( ) [ ] sin cos cos
A B k A A k B B
A B
m g m g t m g m g t
v
m m
+ +
=
+

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 6 9 9.81 3 sin 20 0.25 6 0.15 9 9.81 cos 20 3
6 9
# $ + +
% &
=
+

4.811 m/s v = 4.81 m/s
A B
v v = =

!


(b) Just look at AB

x

0 + sin
B AB k B B B
m gt F t N t m v =

So
( ) sin cos
B k B B B
AB
m gt m g t m v
F
t

=

( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) 9 9.81 3 sin 20 0.15 9 9.81 cos 20 3 4.81 9
3

=
= 3.319 N
3.32 N AB F = !
Since this is positive our assumption that the blocks stay in contact is correct




The block does not move until
2
2 kg 9.81m/s 19.62 N P = =
From 0 to 2 s t t = = 20 P t =
Thus, the block starts to move when
19.62
0.981s
20
t = =
(a) For 0 2 s t < <
20 P t =
1 2 1
0.981s 2 s, 0 t t v = = =
( )
2
1
1 2 1 2
t
t
mv Pdt W t t mv + =
!

( ) ( )
2
2
0.981
0 20 2 9.81 2 0.981 2 t dt v + =
!

( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
2
1 20 N
2 s 0.981s 19.62 N 2 s 0.981s
2 kg 2 s
v
" #
" #
=
$ %
$ %
& '
& '

2
5.1918 m/s v =

2
5.19 m/s v = !
(b) From 2 s to 3 s t t = =

2
5.19 m/s, v = from (a)
40 N 2 s 3 s P t =

2 3
2 s 3 s t t = =
( )
3
2
2 3 2 3
t
t
mv Pdt W t t mv + =
!

( ) ( )( )
3
3
2
2 5.1918 40 19.62 3 2 2 dt v + =
!

( )
( )
( )( )
3
1
5.1918 m/s 20.38 N 1s
2 kg
v " # = +
& '

3
5.1918 10.19 15.3818 m/s v = + =

3
15.38 m/s v = !



(a) Determine time at which collar starts to move.
20 , 0 2 s P t t = < <
Collar moves when
2
19.62
2 kg 9.81m/s , or 0.981s
20 20
P
P t = = = =
1 2
0.981 0.981
t t
mv Pdt Wdt mv + =
! !

For ( ) 2 s 20 N t P t < =
2 s 3 s 40 N t P < < =
3 s 0 t P > =
For
2
3 s 2 kg 9.81m/s t W < =
The maximum velocity occurs when the total impulse is maximum.
area maximum impulse
ABCD
=
( )( ) ( )( )
1
20.38 N 1.019 s 20.38 N 1s
2
= +
area 30.76 N s
ABCD
=
( )
max
0 30.76 N s 2 kg v + =

max
15.38 m/s v = !
(b) Velocity is zero when total impulse is zero at . t t +
For ( ) 0.981s 3 s, impulse 19.62 N s t t < < =
Thus, total impulse 0 30.76 19.62 t = =
1.57 s t =
Time to zero velocity 3 s 1.57 s 4.57 s t = + = !




(a)

20 4 P t =
1 2
0
sin30
t
mv W t Pdt mv + =
!

( ) ( )
5
2
0
12
12sin30 5 20 4
32.2
t dt v + =
!

5
2
2
0
30 20 2 0.37267 t t v
" #
+ =
$ %

2
53.7 ft/s v = !
(b) After 5 s, t =
5
0 53.7 ft/s, P v t = = is time after 5 s
5
12sin30 0 mv t =
( )
12
53.7 6 3.34 s; 5
32.2
t t t t = & = = +
8.34 s t = !

0



2
0
1 2 1 0
3
, where ,
1.6 10
p
p C C t C p C
= = =

16 oz
1 lb
0.70 oz
0.04375
m
g g
! "
# $
# $
% &
= =
( )
2
2
0.4 0.12566 m
4
A

= =

( )
( )
( )
3
1.6 10
1 2
0 2
0.04375 2100 ft/s
0.12566 2.85326
32.2 ft/s
C C t dt
= =
'

3
1.6 10
2
1 2
0
1
22.706
2
C t C t
! "
=
# $
% &

( )
( )
2
3
3 0
0
3
1.6 10 s
1.6 10 s 22.706
2 1.6 10 s
p
p

( )
3
0
1.6 10 s
22.706
2
p
=

2
0
28.383 lb/in p =

0
28.4 ksi p = !




( )
2
2
1
2 oz 1 lb/16 oz 0.003882 lb s /ft
32.2 ft/s
m
! "
= =
# $
% &

Conservation of energy (before impact)

( )
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1
2 2
Ay
m v mgh m v v + = +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1
54 32.2 4.5 54
2 2
Ay
m m m v + = +
17.0235 ft/s
Ay
v = (Just before impact)
Conservation of energy (after impact)

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2
1 1
2 2
Ay
m v v m v mg h + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1
30 30 32.2 3
2 2
Ay
m v m m
' (
+ = +
) *

13.8996 ft/s
Ay
v = (Just after impact)

( ) ( ) ( ) : 0.003882 54 0.004 0.003882 30 , 23.292 lb
H H
x F F = =
( ) ( ) ( ) : 0.003882 17.0235 0.004 0.003882 13.8996 , 30.011 lb
v v
y F F + = =
impulsive force
I
F =



38.0 lb
I
F = 52.2 !




1 2
30 ft/s 36 ft/s 0.18 s v v t = = =
( )
1 2
mv P W t mv + =
Vertical components
( )( ) ( ) 0 0.18 36sin50
V
W
P W
g
+ =
4.758
V
P W W =
5.76
V
P W = !




Use impulsemomentum for bullet
Knowns: 0.028 kg, m =
1
650 m/s, v =
2
500 m/s, v =

-dir x

1 2
cos 20 cos10
x
mv F t mv =
So,
1 2
cos 20 cos10
x
F t mv mv =
( ) ( ) 0.028 650 cos 20 0.028 500 cos10 3.3151 N s = =
-dir y

1 2
sin 20 sin10
y
mv F t mv + =
So,
2 1
sin10 sin 20
y
F t mv mv = +
( ) ( ) 0.028 500 sin10 0.028 650 sin 20 8.6558 N s = + =
We need t. The average velocity is 600 m/s

6
ave
ave
0.05 m
; 83.33 10 s
600 m/s
x
x v t t
v
= = = =
So

6
6
3.3151
39.78 kN
83.33 10
111.2 kN
8.6558
F 103.87 kN
83.33 10
x
y
F
F
!
= =
"
"
=
#
"
= =
"
$

!





( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
0.15 18 0.15 0.5 0.5
1.62 rad/s
m m
=
=
!
!

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1
0.15 18 0.5 1.62
2 2
m m R
" #
" # = +
& '
$ %
& '
!

2.5756 m/s R =
!

Motion relative to the rod:

( ) ( ) 1.5 2.5756 0 F t =
3.86 N s F t = !




2
38 m/s v =

0
1 2
0
t
mv Fdt mv + =
!

( )( )
3
0.5 10
3 0
0 sin 0.045 kg 38 m/s
0.5 10
m
t
F dt
+ =
!

5.37 kN
m
F = !




(a) Force on the belt is opposite to the direction shown.

1
72 km/h 20 m/s, 100 kg v m = = =
1 2 ave
mv Fdt mv Fdt F t = =
! !

( )( ) ( )
ave
100 kg 20 m/s 0.110 s 0 0.110 s F t = =
( )( )
( )
ave
100 20
18182 N
0.110
F = =

ave
18.18 kN F = !
(b) Impulse area under diagram F t =
( )
1
0.110 s
2
m
F =

From (a)
ave
Impulse F t =
( )( ) 18182 N 0.110 s =
( ) ( )
1
0.110 18182 0.110
2
m
F =
36.4 kN
m
F = !




( ) ( )
2
1
100 2000 6211.18 lb s /ft
32.2
B
m
! "
= =
# $
% &

( ) ( )
2
1
120 2000 7453.42 lb s /ft
32.2
T
m
! "
= =
# $
% &

( ) 0 6211.18
B B B
F t m v v + = =
( ) 6
T T T
m F t m v =
( ) ( ) ( ) 7453.42 6 7453.42
T
F t v =
constraint:
/
5.4 ft/s
T B T B
v v v = =

Solving; ( ) ( ) [ ] 7453.42 6 6211.18 5.4 7453.42
T T
v v = +
( ) 13664.6 78260.9
T
v =
5.7273 ft/s
T
v =
(a) 5.73 ft/s
T
v = !
5.7273 ft/s 5.4 ft/s 0.3273 ft/s
B
v = =
( ) ( ) 6211.18 0.3273 2032 lb s
B B
F t m v = = =
(b) 2030 lb s F t = !




2
1 1 1
lb 0.0625 lb; 0.001941 lb s /ft
16 16 32.2
B B
W m
! " ! "
= = = =
# $ # $
% & % &

2
block
8 lb; 0.248447 lb s /ft
B
W m = =
Initial impact (Bullet + Block)

( )
0 block
: cos30 0
B B
x m v m m v + = + (1)

0
: sin30 0
B
y m v F t + = (2)
After impact
( ) ( )( ) ( )
block block
: 32.2 1.2 sin15 0
B B
x m m v m m + + =
sin15 10.001 ft/s v gt =
From (1)
( )
( ) ( )
block
0
8.0625 10.001
0.0625cos30
cos30
B
B
W W
v
g
v
W
g
' ( +
) *
+ ,
= =
' (
) *
+ ,

(a)
0
1489.7 ft/s v =
0
1490 ft/s v = !



(b) Bullet alone

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
0.001941 1489.7 2.8915; 0.001941 10.001 0.01941
B B
m v m v = = = =
x :
0
cos15 cos15
B x B
m v F t m v + =
y :
0
sin15 sin15
B y B
m v F t m v + =
Solve: 2.7742
x
F t =
0.7534
y
F t = 2.87 lb s F t = !




/
30
:
3.59 m/s
A A B B A
= + = + v v v v
B
v
[ ] ( ) 0 2 3.59cos30 10 0
A Ax B Bx B B
m v m v v v + = + =

0.518 m/s
B
v = Just before impact
After impact, 0
A B
v v = =

(a)
A A
F t m v = =

"

(b)
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
Loss , just before impact 2 10
2 2
A B
T v v = = +
( )
2
2 6.3038
5 0.51817 11.28 J
2
T
! "
= + =
# $
% &
"




( ) 75 kg, 50 kg, 200 kg Boat
A B C
m m m = = =
(a) Swimmers dive simultaneously

( )
2
0
C C A B
m v m m v = + + (1)
Relative velocity of swimmers with respect to the boat is 3 m/s

2 2
3 m/s 3
C C
v v v v = ! = +
Substitute into (1)
( ) ( ) 0 3
C C A B C
m v m m v = + + +
Solve

( ) ( )
( )
3 3 75 50
75 50 200
A B
C
A B C
m m
v
m m m
+ +
= =
+ + + +

1.154 m/s
C
v =

!
(b) A dives first and then B

x-dir
( )
2
2
0
C B C A
m m v m v = + (2)

continued
m
C
v
C


Relative velocity
2 2
2
3 3
C C C
v v v v = ! = +
Substitute into (2)
( ) ( )
2 2
0 3
C B C A C
m m v m v = + +
Solve for
2
C
v

2
3
A
C
A B C
m
v
m m m
=
+ +
(3)
Now look at C and B.

-dir. x ( )
2 3
3 C B C C C B
m m v m v m v + = + (4)
Relative velocity

2 3
3 3
3 3
C C
v v v v = ! = +
Substitute into (4)
( ) ( )
2 3 2
3
C B C C C B C
m m v m v m v + = + +
so
3 2
3
C B B
C C
C B C B
m m m
v v
m m m m
+
=
+ +
(5)
Substituting (3) into (5)

3
3 3
A B
C
A B C C B
m m
v
m m m m m
=
+ + +
(6)
with numbers

3
75 50
3 1.2923
75 50 200 200 50
C
v
" #
= + =
$ %
+ + +
& '

3
1.292 m/s
C
v =

!
(c) Swimmer B dives first solution is the same as for (b) except switch m
A
and m
B

3
3 3
B A
C
A B C C A
m m
v
m m m m m
=
+ + +

50 75
3 1.280
75 50 200 200 75
" #
= + =
$ %
+ + +
& '

3
1.280 m/s
C
v =

!




ball
3 1
0.005823
16 32.2
m
! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
% & % &

plate
14 1
0.027174
16 32.2
m
! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
% & % &

( ) 2 4.8 17.582 ft/s
y
v g = = ( ) 2 1.8 10.7666 ft/s
y
v g = =

(a) Conservation of momentum

ball ball plate plate
0
y y
m v m v m v + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
plate
0.005823 17.582 0 0.005823 10.7666 0.027174 v + = +

plate
6.0747 ft/s v =
plate
6.07 ft/s v =

!
(b) Energy loss
Initial energy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1
1
0.005823 6 0.005823 4.8 1.0048
2
T V g + = + =
Final energy ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1
0.005823 6 0.005823 1.8 0.027174 6.0747
2 2
T V g + = + +
0.9437 =
Energy lost ( ) 1.0048 0.9437 ft lb = = 0.0611 ft lb !




Before impact
( )
( )
( )
2
1 1
0, 30 kg 9.81m/s 2 m 588.6 N T V mgh = = = =

2
2 2
1
, 0
2
T mv V = =
( )
2
1 1 2 2
1
: 588.6 30 6.2642 m/s
2
T V T V v v + = + = ! =
(a) Rigid columns

0 mv F t + =
( ) 30 6.2642 F t =
187.93 N s F t =

on the block
187.9 N s F t = !
All of the kinetic energy of the block is absorbed by the chain.
( )( )
2 1
30 6.2642 588.6J
2
T = =
589J E = !


(b) Elastic columns

Momentum of system of block and beam is conserved
( ) ( )
30
6.2642 1.2528 m/s
150
m
mv M m v v v
m M
= + = = =
+

Referring to figure in Part (a) mv F t mv + =
( ) ( ) 30 6.2642 1.2528 150.34 F t m v v = = =
150.3 N s F t = !
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2
1 1 30 120
6.2642 1.2528 1.2528
2 2 2 2
E mv mv
" #
= =
$ %
& '

565.06 94.170 470.89 = =
471J E = !




Before impact
2 2
1 1
(0.75) (6) 13.5J
2 2
H H
T m v = = =
(a) For ,
A
m =
2
0 T = So,
Energy absorbed = 13.5 J!
Impulse
2
= ( ) (0.75) (6) 4.5N s
H H
m v v = = !
(b) 4kg
A
m =

y-dir :

2
( )
H H A H
m v m m v = +
2
(0.75) (6)
0.9474 m/s
(4 0.75)
H H
A H
m v
v
m m
= = =
+ +

So
2 2
2 2
1 1
( ) (4 0.75) (0.9474) 2.1316 J
2 2
A H
T m m v = + = + =
Energy absorbed
1 2
13.5 2.1316 T T = =
11.37 J E = !
System = hammer
0


y-dir

:
2 H H H
m v F t m v =
So
2
( )
H H
F t m v v =
0.75(6 0.9474) =
3.79 = 3.79 N s F t = !




96 mi/h 140.8 ft/s v = =
5
/ 0.3125/
16
m g g = =
AVE
8
12
0.02667 s
25
d
t
v
= = =
( ) ( )
AVE
0.3125
140.8 0.02667 0 F
g
+ =

AVE
51.2 lb F = !




For the sphere at A immediately before and after the cord becomes taut

0 A
mv F t mv

+ =

0
sin 0 0.8 lb s mv F t F t = =

4
m
g
=
( )
0
4
sin65.38 0.8 v
g
=

0
7.08 ft/s v = !




(a)

Conservation of total momentum

2
A B
mv mv mv =

( )
1
2
A B
v v v = !
(b) Energy loss
( )
L A B A B
E T T T T = + +
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
2 2
L A B
E m v v m v v = + +
From (a)
( )
1
2
A B
v v v =

( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
L A B A B
E m v v m v v
! "
= +
# $
% &

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1
2
2 4
L A B A A B B
E m v v m v v v v = + +
( )
2
2 2
1 1
2
4 4
L A A B B A B
E m v v v v m v v
! "
= + + = +
% &
!




Before impact After impact

A B A B
m v m v m v m v + = + (1)
( )
B A A B
v v e v v = (2)
From (1) and (2) solve for ,
A B
v v
( ) 0.5 ( )
2
A B A B
A
v v v v
v

=

( ) 0.5( )
2
A B A B
B
v v v v
v
+ +
=
( ) ( 3 ) / 4
A A B
a v v v = + !
(3 ) / 4
B A B
v v v = + !
(b) Loss of energy
2 2 2 2
( ) ( )
2 2
A B A B
m m
v v v v = + +
Loss of energy =
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
( 6 9 9 6 )
2 16
A B A A B B A A B B
m
v v v v v v v v v v
! "
+ + + + + +
# $
% &

Loss of energy
2
3
( )
16
A B
m
v v = !




System = A + B

(a) x-dir
A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v = + (1)
Unknowns ,
B A
v v
Coefficient of restitution
( )
Br Ar Ar Br
v v e v v =
For our problem
( )
B A A B
v v e v v = + (2)
With numbers 0.6; 0.9; 4 m/s; 2 m/s
A B A B
m m v v = = = =
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns
2.3 m/s; 2.2 m/s
A B
v v = = 2.3 m/s
A
v = !
2.2 m/s
B
v = !
(b) Energy lost

2 2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
(0.6) (4) (0.9) (2) 6.6 J
2 2 2 2
A A B B
T m v m v = + = + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
(0.6) (2.3) (0.9) (2.2) 3.765 J
2 2 2 2
A A B B
T m v m v = + = + =

1 2
2.835J E T T = =
2.84 J E = !




System = A + B

x-dir
A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v = + (1)
Unknowns ,
A
e v
( )
B A A B
v v e v v = + (2)
Where, 4 m/s; 2 m/s; 2.5 m/s
A B B
v v v = = =
0.6 kg; 0.9 kg
A B
m m = =
Solve 2 equations and 2 unknowns
2.75 m/s; 0.875
A
v e = =
0.875 e = !





A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v + = +

1.2 2.4 1.2
0
A A
gv g gv
= +
gs cancel (1)
From restitution

0.8 , 0.8 14.4
18
A
A A
A
v
v v
v

= = +
+
(2)
(a) Velocity of A before impact from equations (1) and (2)
1.2 43.2 1.2(0.8 14.4) 0.96 17.28
A A A
v v v = + =
2.16 25.92
A
v =
12 ft/s
A
v = !
(b) Velocity of A after impact
0.8(12) 14.4
A
v = +
24 ft/s
A
v = !





A A B B A B B B
m v m v m v m v + = + gs cancel

1.2 2.4 2.4
(24 ft/s) 0
B B
v v
g g g
! " ! " ! "
= +
# $ # $ # $
% & % & % &
(1)
From restitution

0.2 , 4.8 0.2
24
B
B B
B
v
v v
v
= = +
+
(2)
(a) Velocity of B before impact from equations (1) and (2)
28.8 2.4 2.4(4.8 0.2 ) 11.52 0.48
B B B
v v v = + = +
2.88 17.28
B
v = 6 ft/s
B
v = !
(b) Velocity of B after impact
4.8 0.2(6)
B
v = + 6 ft/s
B
v = !




(a) Total momentum conserved

A A B B A A B
m v m v m v m v + = +
( ) ( )
0 0 0
6
6 kg 0
1
B B
B
v m v m v v v
m
( )
+ = + ! =
* +
, -
(1)
Relative velocities

( )
0
2
A B B A
v v e v v v v e = ! = (2)
From equations (1) and (2)
( )
0 0 0 0
6 6
2 2 0.5
1 1
B B
v e v v v
m m
( ) ( )
= ! =
* + * +

, - , -

3 kg
B
m = !
(b) Using
0 0
6
2
1
B
v e v
m
( )
=
* +
, -

Gives,
6 6
2 1
2 1
B
B
e m
m e
+ = ! =
+

0, 6 kg
B
e m = =
1, 2 kg
B
e m = =
2 kg 6 kg
B
m !




(a) First collision (between A and B)
The total momentum is conserved

A B A B
mv mv mv mv + = +

0 A B
v v v = + (1)
Relative velocities
( ) ( )
A B B A
v v e v v =

0 B A
v e v v = (2)
Solving equations (1) and (2) simultaneously

( )
0
1
2
A
v e
v

= !

( )
0
1
2
B
v e
v
+
= !
(b) Second collision (Between B and C)
The total momentum is conserved.
B C B C
mv mv mv mv + = +
Using the result from (a) for
B
v

( )
0
1
0
2
B C
v e
v v
+
+ = + (3)
Relative velocities
( ) 0
B C B
v e v v =
Substituting again for
B
v from (a)

( )
( )
0
1
2
C B
e
v e v v
+
= (4)
continued


Solving equations (3) and (4) simultaneously

( )
( )
( )
0
0
1 1
1
2 2 2
C
v e e
v v e
! " +
= + +
# $
% &

( )
2
0
1
4
C
v e
v
+
= !

( )
2
0
1
4
B
v e
v

= !
(c) For n spheres
n Balls
1 collision n th
We note from the answer to part (b), with 3 n =

( )
2
0
3
1
4
n C
v e
v v v
+
= = =
or
( )
( )
( )
3 1
0
3
3 1
1
2
v e
v

+
=
Thus for n balls

( )
( )
( )
1
0
1
1
2
n
n
n
v e
v

+
= !
(d) For 8, 0.90 n e = =
From the answer to part (c) with 8 n =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
8 1 7
0 0
7 8 1
1 0.9 1.9
2 2
B
v v
v

+
= =

8 0
0.698 v v = !




(a) Packages A and B

Total momentum conserved
A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v + = +
( )
16 16 8
6 16 8 96
A B A B
v v v v
g g g
= + ! + =
2 12
A B
v v + = (1)
Relative velocities
( ) ( ) 0.3 6 1.8
A B B A B A
v v e v v v v = ! = = (2)
Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously
3.4 ft/s
A
v =

5.2 ft/s
B
v =

Packages B and C

B B C C B B C C
m v m v m v m v + = +
( )
8 8 12
5.2
B C
v v
g g g
= + 4 6 20.8
B C
v v + = (3)
Relative velocities
( ) ( ) 0.3 5.2 1.56
B C C B C B
v v e v v v v = ! = = (4)
continued


Solving (3) and (4) simultaneously
2.70 ft/s
C
v = !
1.144 ft/s
B
v =
(b) Packages A and B (second time)

A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v + = +
( ) ( )
16 8 16 8
3.4 1.144 ; 2 7.944
A B A B
v v v v
g g g g
+ = + + = (5)
( )
A B B A
v v e v v =
( )( ) 3.4 1.144 0.3 0.6768 ; 0.6768
B A A B
v v v v = = + = (6)
2.42 ft/s
A
v = !




Impact
2.5 cos 40 1.915 m/s
An
v = =
2.5 sin 40 1.607 m/s
At
v = =
2 m/s
Bn
v =
0
Bt
v =
Impulse-momentum

Unknowns , , ,
An Bn At Bt
v v v v
System A + B n-dir

A An B Bn A An B Bn
m v m v m v m v + = + (1)
( )
Bn An An Bn
v v e v v = (2)
Solve (1) and (2) for
An Bn
v v +
0.7493 m/s; 2.1870 m/s
An Bn
v v = =

System A t-dir

1.607 m/s
A At A At At
m v m v v = ! =
continued


System B t-dir

0 m/s
B Bt B Bt Bt
m v m v v = ! =
Resolve into components

Ball A

2 2
(0.7493) (1.607) 1.773 m/s
A
v = + =

1
0.7493
tan 25.0
1.607

" #
= =
$ %
& '

40 25 15.0 = =
So 1.773 m/s
A
v = !
Ball B

2.19m/s
B
v = !




Ball A t-dir
0 0
sin sin
At At
mv mv v v = ! =
Ball B t-dir
0 0
B Bt Bt
m v v = ! =
Ball A + B n-dir

0
cos 0
An Bn
mv m v m v + = + (1)
( )
Bn An An Bn
v v e v v =

0
( cos 0)
Bn An
v v e v = (2)
Solve (1) and (2)
0 0
1 1
cos ; cos
2 2
An Bn
e e
v v v v
+ " # " #
= =
$ % $ %
& ' & '

With numbers

0.8; 45 e = =

0 0
sin 45 0.707
At
v v v = =

0 0
1 0.8
cos 45 0.0707
2
An
v v v
" #
= =
$ %
& '

0
Bt
v =

0 0
1 0.8
cos 45 0.6364
2
Bn
v v v
+ " #
= =
$ %
& '

continued


(A)

1
2 2
2
0 0
(0.707 ) (0.0707 )
A
v" v v
( )
= +
* +

0
0.711v =

1
0.0707
tan 5.7106
0.707

" #
= =
$ %
& '

So 45 5.7106 39.3 = =

(B)

0
0.711
A
v v = "

0
0.636
B
v v = "




Angle of impulse force from geometry

1
6
cos 22.62
6.5

= =

Ball A:

x : ( ) cos 0
A A A A
m v F t m v + = (1)
Ball B:

B B
F t m v =
Restitution ( )
0 A
v v =

continued


Approach Separation
( ) ( )
0 0
cos cos ; cos
B A B A
v v e v v v ev = = +
Using equations (1) and (2) x : cos
A A B B A A
m v m v m v = +
( )( ) ( ) ( )
6
17.5/ 6 ft/s 1.6/ 17.5/ v
6.5
B A
g g v g
! "
= +
# $
% &
gs cancel
Substituting for
6 6 6
; 105 1.6 4.8 17.5
6.5 6.5 6.5
B A A
v v v
' ( ! " ! " ! "
= + +
# $ # $ # $ ) *
% & % & % &
+ ,

5.22 ft/s
A
v = !
9.25 ft/s
B
v = 22.6!




Angle of impulse force from geometry

1
6
cos 22.62
6.5

= =
Ball A:

x : ( ) cos 0
A A A A
m v F t m v + = (1)
Ball B:

x : cos
B B
F t m v = (2)
Restitution ( )
0 A
v v

continued


Approach Separation
( ) cos cos cos ; 4.8
B A A B A
v v e v v v = = (3)
Using Equations (1) and (2) x :
A A B B A A
m v m v m v = +
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 17.5/ 6 1.6/ 17.5/
B A
g g v g v = + gs cancel
Substituting for
B
v from (3) ( ) 105 1.6 4.8 17.5
A A
v v = + +
5.10 ft/s
A
v =

!
9.90 ft/s
B
v =

!




Angle of impulse force from geometry of A and B

1
6
cos 22.62
6.5

! "
= =
# $
% &

Ball A:

Ball B:

Restitution

Approach

Separation

( )
6
cos 22.6
6.5
1
6
6
6.5
A B
Bn An
An Bn
v v
v v
e e
v v
! "
+ +
# $

% &
= ' = =
! "
# $
% &
(1)
A: ( ) sin sin 22.6
A A A A
m v m v = +
( )
2.5
6 sin 22.6
6.5
A
v
! "
= +
# $
% &
(2)
continued


: A B + cos
A A A A B B
m v m v m v = +
( )( ) ( ) ( ) 58/ 6 58/ cos 5.3/
A B
g g v g v = + gs cancel
Equations (1), (2), and (3) in , and
A B
v v
5.027 ft/s; 10.838 ft/s; 0.08218 rad 4.71
A B
v v = = = =
5.03 ft/s
A
v = 4.71 !
10.84 ft/s
B
v = !




(a)

Before After
t-Direction
Momentum of A is conserved.
( ) sin
A A
t
mv m v =
( ) sin
A A
t
v v =
Momentum of B is conserved.
( ) cos
B B
t
mv m v =
( ) cos
B B
t
v v =
n-Direction
Total momentum is conserved.
( ) ( ) cos sin
A B A B
n n
mv mv m v m v = +
( ) ( ) cos sin
A B A B
n n
v v v v + = (1)
Relative velocities (coefficient of restitution)
1 e = ( ) ( ) ( )( ) 1 cos sin
B A A B
n n
v v v v = + (2)
Adding Equation (1) and (2)
( ) cos
B A
n
v v =
(1) (2) ( ) sin
A B
n
v v =
continued
A B
m m m = =


Thus, after impact

tan tan
A A
B B
v v
v v
= Thus and
A B
v v = !
(b) Using the results from (a)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
sin sin
A A A A B
t n
v v v v v = + = +
( ) ( )
2 2
sin30 30 40 25 ft/s
A
v = + = !
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
cos cos
B B B B A
t n
v v v v v = + = +
( ) ( )
2 2
cos30 40 30 43.3 ft/s
B
v = + = !

1 1
30
tan tan 36.9
40
A
B
v
v

= = = =

( ) 180 90 90 ! = + =
"
!



(a) Since
B
v is in the x-direction and (assuming no friction), the
common tangent between A and B at impact must be parallel to the
y-axis
Thus
250
tan
150 D
=

1
250
tan 70.20
150 60

= =

70.2 = !
(b) Conservation of momentum in x(n) direction
( ) ( ) cos
A B A B
n n
mv m v m v mv + = +
( ) ( ) ( ) 1 cos 70.20 0
A B
n
v v + = +
( ) ( ) 0.3387
A B
n
v v = + (1)
Relative velocities in the n direction
( ) ( ) ( ) 0.9 cos
A B B A
n n
e v v e v v = =
( )( ) ( ) 0.3387 0 0.9
B A
n
v v = (2)
(1) + (2)
( ) 2 0.3387 1.9 0.322 m/s
B B
v v = = !




Momentum: cos 0
A Ax B
v v v + = +
Restitution: 0.9 cos
B Ax A
v v v =
( ) cos 0.9 cos
A Ax Ax A
v v v v =
( )
1
0.1 1 cos 70.2 0.016936 m/s
2
Ax
v ! " = =
# $

( ) 1 sin 70.2 0.94089, 0.32178
Ay B
v v = = =
(a) 0.941 m/s
A
v = !
(b) Fraction of Initial Energy loss = F. L.

1
2
F. L. =
( )
2 1
1
2
m ( )
2 1
2
B
m v ( )
2
1
2
A
m v
( )
2
1 m

F. L. 1 0.1035 0.8856 0.01090 = = !




Rebound at A

Projectile motion between A and B

Conservation of momentum t-direction
( ) ( )
0
sin30 5sin30
A A
t t
mv m v v = ! =
( ) 2.5 m/s
A
t
v =
Relative velocities in the n-direction
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )
0
cos30 0 0 5cos30 0.8
A A
n n
v e v v = ! =
( ) 3.464 m/s
A
n
v =
After rebound ( ) ( ) ( )
0
cos30 sin30
x A A
t n
v v v = +
2.5cos30 3.464sin30 = +
( )
0
3.897 m/s
x
v =
( ) ( ) ( )
0
sin30 cos30
y A A
t n
v v v = +
2.5sin30 3.464cos30 = +
( )
0
1.75 m/s
y
v =
x-direction: ( ) ( )
0 0
3.897 , 3.897 m/s
x x x
x v t t v v = = = =
y-direction:
( )
2 2
0
1
1.75 4.905
2
y
y v t gt t t = =
( )
0
1.75 9.81
y y
v v gt t = =
At B: 0 1.75 9.81 0.17839 s
y A B A B
v t t

= = ! =
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
0
4.905 1.75 0.17839 4.905 0.17839
y A B A B
y h v t t

= = =
0.15609 m h =
156.1 mm h = !



2
2 2
0
9.81
7.5 m, 0.6 m, m/s 0.6 m 0.34975 s
2 2
A
A A A A
gt
x v t t t = = = = ! =

0
21.444 m/s v =

(a) First bounce:

0
1.5 m, 0.06995 s
B B
v t t = =
( )
2
2
9.81 m/s
0.12 m 3.431 m
2
A B B
e t t =
( )( ) ( )( )
2
0.12 3.431 0.06995 4.905 0.06995
A
e =
0.24 0.024
A
e =
0.600
A
e = !


(b) Second bounce:

Before

After
( ) 0.6 3.431 9.81
By B
v t =
1.3724 m/s =
( )
0
21.444 m/s
B B
e v e =

2 2
0.12 4.905 0 0.12 1.3724 4.905
C By C C C C
y v t t t t = + = = +
0.3497 s
C
t =
( )( )
0
6.75 21.444 0.3497
C B C B
x e v t e = = =
0.900
B
e = !




Momentum in t direction is conserved
sin30
t
mv mv =
( )( ) 25 sin30
t
v =
12.5 ft/s
t
v =
Coefficient of restitution in n-direction
( ) cos30
n
v e v =
( )( )( ) 25 cos30 0.9 19.49 ft/s
n n
v v = =

Write v in terms of x and y components
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
cos30 sin30 19.49 cos30 12.5 sin30
x n t
v v v = =
10.63 ft/s =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
sin30 cos30 19.49 sin30 12.5 cos30
y n t
v v v = + = +
20.57 ft/s =


Projectile motion
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
0
0
1
3 ft 20.57 ft/s 32.2 ft/s
2 2
y
t
y y v t gt t = + = +
At B,
2
0 3 20.57 16.1 ; 1.4098 s
B B B
y t t t = = + =
( ) ( )
0
0
0 10.63 1.4098 ; 14.986 ft
B x B B
x x v t x = + = + =
( ) ( ) 3cos60 14.986 ft 3 ft cot 60 13.254 ft
B
d x = = =
13.25 ft d = !




Find x and y components of v

x y
v v v = i j
After the first impact x component is multiplied by e and the y component is unchanged

x y
v ev v = i j
After rebound at C the y component is multiplied by e and the x component is unchanged
( )
x y x y
v ev ev e v v = + = i j i j
so v ev = And the final velocity is parallel to the original velocity !




Velocities just after impact

Total momentum in the horizontal direction is conserved
( ) ( )
1.5 2.5 1.5 2.5
; 0 6
A A B B A A B B A B
m v m v m v m v v v
g g g g
+ = + + = +
15 1.5 2.5
A B
v v = + (1)
Relative velocities
( ) ( )( ) : 0 6 0.8 4.8
A B B A B A B A
v v e v v v v v v = = ! = (2)
6.75 ft/s 1.95 ft/s
A B
v v = =
(a)

2
1 1
1
0
2
A A
T m v V = =
( )( )
2
1
2
1.5 lb 6.75 ft/s 1
1.06124
2 32.2 ft/s
T = =
continued


2
0 T =
2
1.5
A
V m gh h = =
1 1 2 2
: 1.06124 1.5 T V T V h + = + =
0.70749 ft 8.9899 in. h = =
8.49 in. h = !
(b) Work and energy

2
0 T =
( )
2
2
1 1 2.5
1.95 0.14761
2 2
B B
T m v
g
" #
= = =
$ %
& '

( )
1 2
0.6 2.5 1.5
f k B
U F x W x x x
= = = =
1 1 2 2
: 0.14761 1.5 0 T U T x
+ = =
0.0984 ft 1.1808 in. x = =
1.181 in. x = !




(a) Impact between A and B

80
A B
m m
g
= =
30
C
m
g
=
15
A A B B A A B B A B
m v m v m v m v v v + = + ! + = (1)
Relative velocities
( ) ( )( ) 15 0 0.8 : 12
A B AB B A B A B A
v v e v v v v v v = ! = = (2)
Solving (1) & (2) 13.5 ft/s
B
v =
Impact between B and C (after A hits B)

( ) ( )
80 30 80 30
: 13.5 0
B B C C B B C C B C
m v m v m v m v v v
g g g g
+ = + + = +
1080 80 30
B C
v v = + (3)
continued


Relative velocities
( ) ( )( ) : 13.5 0 0.3
B C BC C B C B
v v e v v v v = =
4.05
C B
v v = (4)
Solving (3) and (4) 8.7136 ft/s 12.7636 ft/s
B C
v v = =
8.71 ft/s
B
v = !
(b) ( ) ( )
L B C B C
T T T T T = + +
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 80 lb
13.5 ft/s 226.39 lb ft
2 2 32.2 ft/s
B B B
T m v
" #
= = =
$ %
& '

0
C
T =
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 80 lb
8.7136 ft/s 94.319 lb ft
2 2 32.2 ft/s
B B B
T m v
" #
= = =
$ %
& '

( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 30 lb
12.764 ft/s 75.894 lb ft
2 2 32.2 ft/s
C C C
T m v
" #
= = =
$ %
& '

( ) ( ) 226.39 0 94.319 75.894 56.177
L
T = + + =
56.2 lb ft
L
T = !




(a)

Before After
A B
m m m = =
5 km/h 1.3889 m/s =
Conservation of total momentum

A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v + = +
1.3889 1.3889
B A B A B B
v v v v v v = + = (1)
Work and energy car A (after impact)

2
1
1
2
A A
T m v =

2
0 T =
( )
1 2
4
f
U F
=
( ) 4
k A
m g =
2
1 1 2 2
1
; 4 0
2
A A k A
T U T m v m g
+ = =
continued


( )( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 4 m 0.3 9.81 m/s 23.544 m /s
A
v = =
4.852 m/s
A
v =
Car B (after impact)

2
1 2
1
, 0
2
B B
T m v T = =
( )
1 2
1
k B
U m g
=
( )
2
1 1 2 2
1
: 1 0
2
B B k B
T U T m v m g
+ = =
( )( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 0.3 1 m 9.81 m/s 5.886 m /s ; 2.426 m/s
B B
v v = = =
From (1) 1.3889 4.852 2.426 1.38
B A B
v v v = + + = + +
31.2 km/h
B
v = !
(b) Relative velocities
( )
A B B A
v v e v v =
( ) 1.3889 8.667 2.426 4.852 e =
( ) 10.0559 2.426 e =
0.241 e = !



(a) Work and energy
Velocity of A just before impact with B

( )
2 2
1 0 2
2
1 1

2 2
A A A
T m v T m v = =
( )
1 2
0.3 m
k A
U m g
=
f k k A
F N m g = =
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2
1 1 2 2
2
1 1
: 0.4 kg 3 m/s 0.3 0.4 kg 9.81 m/s 0.3 m 0.4 kg
2 2
A
T U T v
+ = =
( )
( )
2
2
2
7.2342 2.6896 m/s
A A
v v = =
Velocity of A after impact with B ( )
2
A
v

( )
2
2 3
2
1
0
2
A A
T m v T = =
( )
2 3
0.075 m
k A
U m g
=
continued


2 2 3 3
T U T
+ =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
1
0.4 kg 0.3 0.4 kg 9.81 m/s 0.075 m 0
2
A
v =
( )
2
0.6644 m/s
A
v =
Conservation of momentum as A hits B

( )
2
2.6896 m/s
A
v =
( )
2
0.6644 m/s
A
v =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2

A A B B A A B B A B
m v m v m v m v m m + = + =
2.6896 0 0.6644 2.0252 m/s
B B
v v + = + =
Relative velocities (A and B)
( ) ( )
2 2
A B AB B A
v v e v v
! " =
# $

( ) 2.6896 0 2.0252 0.6644
AB
e = 0.506
AB
e = !
Work and energy
Velocity of B just before impact with C

( ) ( )
2 2
2
2
1 0.4
2.0252 0.8203
2 2
B B
T m v = = =
( ) ( )
2 2
4
4 4
1 0.4
2 2
B B B
T m v v = =
( )
2 4
0.30 0.35316
k B
U m g
= =
( )
2
1 2 4 4
4
: 0.8203 0.35316 0.2
B
T U T v
+ = =
( )
4
1.5283 m/s
B
v =


Conservation of momentum as B hits C

1.2 kg, 0.4 kg
C B
m m = =
( ) ( )
4 4
B B C C B B C C
m v m v m v m v + = +
( ) ( )
4
0.4 1.5283 0 0.4 1.2
B C
v v + = +
Velocity of B after B hits C, ( )
4
0
B
v =
With( )
4
0; 0.61132 1.2 0.5094 m/s
B C C
v v v = = % =
Relative velocities (B and C)
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
; 1.5283 0 0.5094 0
B C BC C B BC
v v e v v e
! " = =
# $

0.333
BC
e = !
(b) Work and energy Block C

5
0 T =
( )( )
2
4
1
1.2 0.5094 0.15569
2
T = =
( )( )
4 5
0.3 1.2 9.81 3.5316
k
U mgx x x
= = =
4 4 5 5
: 0.15569 3.5361 0 0.044 m T U T x x
+ = = % =
44.0 mm x = !




Conservation of energy before impact
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
0
1
0 8 kg 9.81 m/s 0.15 m 8 kg
2
T V v + = + =

0
1.7155 m/s v =

0 1
1 2
2
0
Cylinder C: 8
Platform A: 0 5
4 unknowns
Counterweight B: 0 5
Restitution: 0.8
C
A
A
A C
v F dt v
F dt F dt v
F dt v
v v v
!
=
"
+ = "
#
+ = "
"
=
$
%
% %
%

Simultaneous solution 4 Equations and 4 unknowns
( )
0
0, 1.372 m/s
A
a v v = =

!
( )
2
6.86 N s b F dt =
%
!




(a) A and B after the first impact
2 2
1
2 2
2 2 2
1 2
1 1
(5 kg)(1.372 m/s) (5 kg)(1.372 m/s)
2 2
1 1
(5) (5)
2 2
0
T
T v v
U Td Td
!
= +
"
"
"
= +
"
"
= + =
"
"
#

2 A
v v =
1.372 m/s
A
v = !
1
1.372 d v t t = =
C after the first impact
2
0 9.81 , 0.2798 s
2
t
d t
$ %
= + =
& '
& '
( )

At which time 9.81
C
v t = 2.74 m/s
C
v = !
(b) Second impact: (As before)
C:

1
8(2.7448) 8
C
F dt v

=
*

A:

1 2
5(1.3724) 5
A
F dt F dt v

+ =
* *

B:

2
5(1.3724) 5
A
F dt v

+ =
*

Restitution: 0.8[2.7448 1.3724]
A C
v v

=
With 4 unknowns and four equations, solve for
2.47 m/s
A
v

= !
1.372 m/s
C
v

= !




After impact

Velocity of A just before impact,
0
v
( )
( )
2
0
2 2 32.2 ft/s 3.6 ft sin30 v gh = =
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 32.2 3.6 0.5 10.7666 ft/s = =

Conservation of momentum

A B B B A A
m v m v m v =
0
0.6 0.6
(1.8 )
B A
v g v v
g g
! " ! "
=
# $ # $
% & % &
(1)
gs cancel
Restitution
( ) ( )
0 0
0 0.9
A B
v v e v v + = + = (2)
Substituting for v
B
from (2) in (1)
0 0
0.6 1.8(0.9 ) 0.6 ; 2.4 1.02
A A A B
v v v v v v = =
(a) A moves up the distance d where,
2 2 2
1 1
sin30 ; (4.5758 ft/s) (32.2 ft/s ) (0.5)
2 2
A A A
m v m gd d = =
0.65025 ft 7.80 m
A
d = = !
(b) Static deflection
0
, x = B moves down
Conservation of energy (1) to (2)
Position (1) spring deflected,
0
x
0
sin30
B
kx m g =



2
1 1 2 2 1 2
1
; , 0
2
B B
T V T V T m v T + = + = =
2
1 0
1
sin30
2
e g B B
V V V kx m gd = + = +
( )
0 2 2
2 0 0
0
1
2
2
B
x d
e g B B
V V V kxdx k d d x x
+
= + = = + +
'

( )
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
sin30 2 0 0
2 2 2
B B B B B
kx mgd m v k d d x x + + = + + + +
2 2 2 2
1.8
; 34 (5.1141)
32.2
B B B B
kd m v d
! "
= =
# $
% &

0.20737 ft
B
d =
2.49 in.
B
d = !




After impact

Velocity of A just before impact,
0
v
( )
( )
2
0
2 2 32.2 ft/s 3.6 ft sin30 v gh = =
0
2(32.2)(3.6)(0.5) 10.7666 ft/s v = =

0 0
0.6 1.8
;
A B B A A B
m v m v m v v v
g g
! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
% & % &
(1)
gs cancel
Restitution
( ) ( )
0 0
0 ;
A B B
v v e v v ev + = + = (2)
From (1) ( )
0
0.6 0.6
10.7666 ft/s 3.5889 ft/s
1.8 1.8
B
v v
! " ! "
= = =
# $ # $
% & % &

From (2) ( )
0
1
/ ,
3
B
e v v e = =
(a) 0.333 e = !
(b) Energy loss
( )
2
1
Energy 3.6 sin30
2
A B B
m g m v =
( )( )( ) 0.6 lb 3.6 ft 0.5 = ( )
2 1 1.8
3.5889 ft/s
2 32.2
! "
# $
% &

1.08 0.36 0.72 ft lb = =
Loss 0.720 ft lb = !
(c) Static deflection
0
, x = B moves down
Conservation of energy ! to "
Position !-spring deflected,
0
x
0
sin30
B
kx m g =



2
1 1 2 2 1 2
1
; , 0
2
B B
T V T V T m v T + = + = =
2
1 0
1
sin30
2
e g B B
V V V kx m gd = + = +
( )
0 2 2
2 0 0
0
1
2
2
B
x d
e g B B
V V V kxdx k d d x x
+
= + = = + +
'

( )
2 2 2 2
0 0 0
1 1 1
sin30 2 0 0
2 2 2
B B B B B
kx mgd m v k d d x x + + = + + + +
2 2 2 2
1.8
; 34 (3.5889)
32.2
B B B B
kd m v d
! "
= =
# $
% &

0.1455 ft
B
d =
1.746 in.
B
d = !




Ball A falls
1 1 2 2
T V T V + = + (Put datum at 2)
2
1
2
2
A A
mgh mv v gh = ! =
(2)(9.81)(0.2) 1.9809 m/s = =
Impact

1
sin 30
2
r
r

= =

ImpulseMomentum

Unknowns , ,
B At An
v v v
x-dir

0 0 sin30 cos30
B B A An A At
m v m v m v + = + + (1)
We need more equations

0 0


( )
Bn An An Bn
v v e v v =
For our problem
sin30 ( cos30 0)
B An A
v v e v = (2)
System = A
t-dir

( sin30 )
A A A At
m v m v =
(3)
Solve 3 equations and 3 unknowns (maple) using
A B
m m m = =
1.3724 m/s
B
v =

1.029 m/s
An
v =

0.9905 m/s
At
v =

Now lets look at B after impact.

1 1 2 2
T V T V + = +

2
1
( )
2
B B
m v mgh =

So
2 2
( ) (1.3724)
2 (2)(9.81)
B
B
v
h
g
= =

0.0960 m =

96.0 mm
B
h = !
0 0



Momentum:
1 1 2
0 (0.7071)
n n
mv mv Mv + = +

1 2
(2 kg)(5 m/s)(0.7071) 2 kg 9 kg (0.7071)
n
v v = +

Restitution:
2 1 1
(0.7071) 0.6 0.6(5)(0.7071)
n n
v v v = =
Solve for
2 1
16 17
m/s, (0.7071)
11 11
n
v v
! " ! "
= =
# $ # $
% & % &

1
1.092801 m/s
n
v =
"

(b) Conservation of energy cylinder + spring:
2 2 2
0 2 2
1 1 1
( )
2 2 2
kx M v kx + =
2
2 2
2
20, 000 1 16 20, 000
(0.05) (9) 34.52
2 2 11 2
x
! "
+ = =
# $
% &

2
0.05875 m, x =
2
N
20, 000 (0.0587 m) = 1175 N
m
F kx = = "





1
6
cos 22.62
6.5

! "
= =
# $
% &

Ball A:

Ball B:

(1)
Restitution

( ) ( )
0
cos cos sin
6 ft/s
cos
B A A
x y
A
A
v v v
e v v
v

+
= = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
25
6
tan
2
B A A B A A
x y x y
A
v v v v v v
e
v
+ +
= =
continued


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : sin sin cos
A A A A A A
x y
A m v m v m v = +

2.5 2.5
tan ( ) tan ( ) ; 6 ( ) ( )
6 6
A A x A y A x A y
v v v v v
! " ! "
= + = +
# $ # $
% & % &

( ) ( ) 15 2.5 6
A A
x y
v v = + (2)
( )
50 50 4.6
: ; (6 ft/s) ( )
A A A A B B A x B
x
A B m v m v m v v v
g g g
! " ! " ! "
+ = + = +
# $ # $ # $
% & % & % &
(3)
gs cancel
From equation (1)
2
2(32.2 ft/s )(0.75 ft) 6.9498 ft/s
B
v = =
From equation (3) (50)(6) 50( ) 4.6(6.9498)
A x
v = +
( ) 5.3606 ft/s
A x
v =
From equation (2) 15 2.5(5.3606) 6( )
A y
v = +
( ) 0.2664 ft/s
A y
v =

2.5
6.9498 5.3606 0.2664
6
0.2834
6
e
! "
+
# $
% &
= =
0.283 e = !





1
6
cos 22.62
6.5

! "
= =
# $
% &

Momentum consideration
Ball A:

Ball B:

2
B B B
m v m gh = (1)
Restitution

Approach

Separation
( ) ( )
0
cos cos sin
6 ft/s
cos
B A A
x y
A
A
v v v
e v v
v

+
= = =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2.5
6
tan
6
B A A B A A
x y x y
A
v v v v v v
e
v
+ +
= =
continued


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : sin sin cos
A A A A A A
x y
A m v m v m v = +

2 2
tan ( ) tan ( ) ; 6 ( ) ( )
6 6
A A x A y A x A y
v v v v v
! " ! "
= + = +
# $ # $
% & % &

( ) ( ) 12 2.5 6
A A
x y
v v = + (2)
( )
20 20 2
: ; (6) ( )
A A A A B B A x B
x
A B m v m v m v v v
g g g
+ = + = +
6 ( )
10
B
A x
v
v

= + (3)
From the equation for e
2.5
0; ( ) ( ) 0
6
B A x A y
e v v v
! "
= + =
# $
% &
(4)
2.5
1; ( ) ( ) 6
6
B A x A y
e v v v
! "
= + =
# $
% &
(5)
Simultaneous solution of equations (2), (3) and (4) for e = 0 and equations (2), (3) and (5) for e = 1 yields
0 : ( ) 5.463 ft/s, ( ) 0.224 ft/s, 5.370 ft/s
A x A y B
e v v v = = = =
1 : ( ) 4.926 ft/s, ( ) 0.4475 ft/s, 10.740 ft/s
A x A y B
e v v v = = = =
2
( )
0.4478 ft, 1.791 ft
2(32.2)
B
v
h

= =
5.37 in. 21.5 in. h !




Ball A alone
Momentum in t-direction conserved
( ) ( )
A A A A
t t
m v m v =
( ) ( ) 0
A A
t t
v v = =
Thus ( )
A A
n
v v = 60
Total momentum in the x-direction is conserved.
( ) ( ) sin60 sin60
A A B B A A B B
x
m v m v m v m v + = +
( )
0
1.5 m/s 0
A B
x
v v v = = =
( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( ) 0.17 1.5 sin60 0 0.17 sin60 0.34
A B
v v + = +
0.2208 0.1472 0.34
A B
v v = + (1)
Relative velocity in the n-direction
( ) cos30 ;
A B B A
n
v v e v v
! " =
# $

( )( ) 1.5 0 1 0.866
B A
v v = (2)
0.9446 m/s, 0.6820 m/s
B A
v v = =
Conservation of energy ball B
( )
2
1
1
2
B B
T m v =
( )
2
1 2
1
3.0232 0
2
B
W
T T
g
= =
continued


1 2
0
B
V V W h = =
( )
2
1 1 2 2
1
; 0.9446 0 ;
2
B
B
W
T V T V W h
g
+ = + = +
( )
( )( )
2
0.9446
0.0455 m
2 9.81
h = =
45.5 mm h = !




(a) Momentum of the sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
A A A A A
t t t
m v m v v = =
( ) ( ) 0
A A A
t n
v v v = = 50
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.
( ) cos50 cos50
A A B B A A B B
m v m v m v m v + = +
0 4 m/s
B A
v v = =
( ) ( ) 2 4 cos50 0 2 cos50 6
A B
v v + = +
5.1423 1.2855 6
A B
v v = + (1)
( ) ( ) cos50 ; 0, 4 m/s
A B B A B A
v v e v v v v = + = =
( ) 4 0.5 0.6428 ; 2 0.6428
B A B A
v v v v = + = + (2)
Solving Equation (1) and Equation (2) simultaneously
1.2736 m/s; 1.1299 m/s
A B
v v = =
1.274 m/s
A
v = 50 !
1.130 m/s
B
v =

!
(b) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
lost
1 1
2 2
A A A A B B
T m v m v m v
! ,
= +
" .
# -

( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 1
2 kg 4 m/s 2 kg 1.274 m/s
2
!
=
"
#

( )( )
2
6 kg 1.130 m/s 10.546 J
,
=
.
-

lost
10.55 J T = !



First 18 m: Since all the cars weight is on the rear wheels which skid, the
force on the car is
( )
k k
F N W = =
( )( )
18
1 hr
58 km/h 1000 m/km
3600 s
v
! "
=
# $
% &

16.1 m/s =
( ) ( )
2
2
1 2 18
1 1
0 16.1 m/s 129.6
2 2
W W
T T mv
g g
! "
= = = =
# $
% &

( )( ) ( )( )
1 2
18 m 18 m
k
U F W
= =
1 1 2 2
T U T
+ =
( ) 0 18 129.6
k
W
W
g
! "
+ =
# $
% &

( )( )
129.6
0.73395
18 9.81
k
= =
For 400 m: Force moving the car is for the first 18 m,
( )( ) ( )
1
0.73395
k
F W W = =
For the remaining 382 m, with 75% of weight on rear drive wheels and
impending sliding,
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0.75 0.80 0.73395 0.80 0.91744
s s k
F W = = = =
( )( )( )
2
0.91744 0.75 0.68808 F W = =
( )
2
1 2 400
1
0
2
W
T T v
g
! "
= =
# $
% &



( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
18 m 382 m U F F
= +
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) 0.73395 18 m 0.68808 328 m W W = +
13.21 262.8 276.01 W W W = + =
( )
2
1 1 2 2 400
1
0 276.01
2
W
T U T W v
g
! "
+ = + =
# $
% &

( ) ( )
( )
( )
400
2 2
2 276.01 2 9.81 m/s 276.01 v g = =
2
400 400
5415.3 73.6 m/s v v = =

400
265 km/h v = !




(a) Spring constants 3 N/mm 3000 N/m =
2 N/mm 2000 N/m =
Max deflection at 2 when velocity of 0 C =
1 1 2 2
0, 0, 0, 0 v T v T = = = =

1 2 e g
U U U
= +
( ) ( ) ( )
0.05
1 2
0 0 1 2
0.15
m
y
e e C m
U F dx F dx W y
= + +
! !

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1 2
3000 N/m 2000 N/m
0.05 m
2 2
m
U y
=
( )
( ) ( )
2
3 kg 9.81 m/s 0.15
m
y + +
( ) ( )
2
3.750 1000 4.4145 29.43
m m
y y = + +
( ) ( )
2
1 1 2 2
: 0 1000 29.43 8.1645 0
m m
T U T y y
+ = + + =
0.10626 m
m
y = 106.3 mm
m
y = !
(b) Maximum velocity occurs as the lower spring is compressed a
distance y
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 2
1 1
0; 3 kg 1.5
2 2
C
T T m v v v = = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 2 2
; 0 1000 29.43 8.1645 1.5 T U T y y v
+ = + + =
Substitute 0.014715 m y =
( )
2
0 2000 29.43 0; 0.014715 m
dv
y y
dy
= + = =

2
0.21653 0.43306 8.1645 1.5v + + =

2
5.5873 m/s v = 2.36 m/s v = !



(a)

Block leaves surface at C when the normal force 0 N =

cos
n
mg ma =

2
cos
C
v
g
h
= (1)
2
cos
C
v gh gy = =
Work-energy principle
( ) ( )
2
1
2
B C B C C
T mv U W h y mg h y
= = =
B B C C
T U T
+ =
Use Equation (1) ( )
2
1
4.5
2
C
m mg h y mv + =
( )
1
4.5
2
C
g h y gy + = (2)

3
4.5
2
C
gh gy + =

( ) 4.5
3
2
C
gh
y
g
+
=
! "
# $
% &

( )( )
( )
( )
2
4.5 9.81 1
3
9.81
2
y
+
=
0.97248 m y = (3)
continued


0.97248
cos cos 0.97248
1m
C
C
y
y h
h
= = = =

1
cos 0.97248 13.473

= = 13.47 = !
(b)

From Equations (1) and (3)
( ) 9.81 0.97248 3.0887 m/s
C
v gy = = =
At C; ( ) cos 3.0887cos13.47
C C
x
v v = =
3.0037 m/s =
( ) sin 3.0887sin13.47
C C
y
v v = =
0.71947 m/s =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
0.97248 0.71947 9.81
2 2
C C
y
y y v t gt t t = + =
At E:
2
0: 4.905 0.7194 0.97248 0
E
y t t = + =
0.37793 s t =
At E: ( ) ( ) ( ) cos 1 sin13.47 3.0037 0.37793
C
x
x h v t = + = +
0.23294 1.3519 1.3681m = + =
1.368 m x = !




Find unstretched length of the spring
1
0.3
tan 71.565
0.1

! "
= =
# $
% &

( ) ( )
2 2
0.3 0.1 0.3162 m
BD
L = + =
= length at equilibrium
Equilibrium:

( ) 0.1 sin 0.6 10 g 0
A s
M F = =
63.25 g
s
F =
( )( ) : 63.25 g 8000 N/m 0.07756 m
s BD BD BD
F k L L L = = ' =
Unstretched length
0
0.3162 0.07756
BD BD
L L L = =
0.23864 m =
Spring elongation,
BD
L when 90 =
( )
0
0.3 m 0.1m 0.4 0.23864
BD
L L = + =
0.16136 m =
At !
1 1
90 0, 0 V T = = =
( ) ( )
1 1 1
e g
V V V = +
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1
1 8000
0.16136
2 2
BD
e
V k L = =
104.15 N m =

continued


( ) ( )
1
10g 0.6 58.86 N m
g
V = =

1
104.15 58.86 45.29 N m V = =
At " ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 8000
0 N/m 0.07756 m
2 2
BD
e
V k L
! "
= = =
# $
% &

24.06 N m =
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 10 kg
5
2 2
T mv v v
! "
= = =
# $
% &

2
1 1 2 2 2
: 0 45.29 5 24.06 T V T V v + = + + = +

2
2
4.246 v =
2
2.06 m/s v = "




6
3960 1500 5460 mi 28.829 10 ft
A
r = + = =
6
3960 6000 9960 mi 52.589 10 ft
B
r = + = =
A A B B
r mv r mv =

28.829
0.54819
52.589
A
B A A A
B
r
v v v v
r
" #
= = =
$ %
& '
(1)
2 2
1 1
, , ,
2 2
A A A B B B
A B
GMm GMm
T mv V T mv V
r r
= = = =
( )
( )
2
2 2
32.2 ft/s 3960 mi 5280 ft/mi GM gR = =

14 3 2
140.77 10 ft /s =
14
6
6
140.77 10
488.29 10 m
28.829 10
A
m
V

= =

14
6
6
140.77 10
267.68 10 m
52.589 10
B
m
V

= =

2 6
1
: 488.29 10 m
2
A B B B A
T T T V mv + = +

2 6
1
267.68 10 m
2
B
mv =
2 6 2
1 1
220.61 10
2 2
A B
v v =
Using (1) ( )
2
2 6
1 1
220.61 10 0.54819
2 2
A A
v v =
2 6
0.34974 220.61 10
A
v =
25115.39
A
v =

3
25.1 10 ft/s
A
v = !



s s
Ft Nt mgt = =
1 2
60 mi/h 88 ft/s 20 mi/h 29.333 ft/s v v = = = =
1 2
0.65
s s
mv mgt mv = =
( ) 88 0.65 32.2 29.333 2.803 t t = ( =
2.80 s t = !




0.22 t =
( )
1 2
mv P W t mv + =
Horizontal components
( ) ( ) 84 9.14cos35 0.22 0
H
P =
2
2858.69 kg m/s
H
P =
2.86 kN
H
P = !



(a) Total momentum of the two cars is conserved.

( ) , : cos30 cos10
A A A A
mv x m v m m v = + (1)
( ) , : sin30 sin10
A A B B A B
mv y m v m v m m v = + (2)
Dividing (1) into (2)
sin30 sin10
cos30 cos30 cos10
B B
A A
m v
m v

=

( )( ) tan30 tan10 cos30
A B
A B
m v
v m

=
3600 2800
0.3473
B A
A B
A B
v m
m m
v m g g
= = =
3600
1.2857
2800
A
B
m
m
= =
( )( ) 0.3473 1.2857 0.4465
B A
v v = =
Car A was going faster !
(b) Since B was the slower car, 30 mi/h
B
v =
2.2396
A B
v v =
67.2 mi/h
A
v = !



A B C
m m m m = = =
Collision between B and C
The total momentum is conserved.

4.5
B C B C B C
mv mv mv mv v v + = + ( + = (1)
Relative velocities
( ) ( ) 0.8 4.5 3.6
C B B C B C
v v e v v v v = = ( = (2)
4.05 ft/s
B
v = !
0.450 ft/s
C
v = !
Since ,
B C
v v > Car B collides with Car A
Collision between A and B

4.05
A B
v v

+ = (3)
Relative velocities
( ) ( ) 0.5 4.05 ; 2.025
A B B A B A A B
v v e v v v v v v = ( = = (4)
1.013 ft/s
B
v = !
3.04 ft/s
A
v = !

C B A
v v v < < ( No more collisions




Before

After
( ) ( ) 18 ft/s; 18cos 40 13.79 ft/s; 18sin 40 11.57 ft/s
A A A
n t
v v v = = = = =
( ) ( ) 12 ft/s; 0
B B B
n t
v v v = = =
t-direction

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A A B B A A B B
t t t t
m v m v m v m v + = +

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1.5 lb 1.5 lb 2.5 lb
11.57 ft/s 0
A A
t t
v v
g g g
+ = +
( ) ( ) 17.36 1.5 2.5
A B
t t
v v = + (1)
Ball A alone momentum conserved
( ) ( ) ( ) 11.57 ft/s
A A A A A
t t t
m v m v v = ! = (2)
Replace ( )
A
t
v in (2) in equation (1)
( ) ( ) ( ) 17.36 1.5 11.57 2.5 ; 0
B B
t t
v v = + =



n-Direction Relative velocities

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A B B A
n n n
v v e v v
" # =
$ %

( ) ( ) ( ) 13.79 12 0.8
B A
n n
v v " # =
$ %

( ) ( ) 20.632
B A
n n
v v = (3)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A A B B A A B B
n n n n
m v m v m v m v + = +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1.5 lb 2.5 lb 1.5 lb 2.5 lb
13.79 ft/s 12 ft/s
A B
n n
v v
g g g g
+ = +
( ) ( ) 1.5 2.5 9.315
A B
n n
v v + = (4)
Solve (3) and (4): ( ) 4 21.633
B
n
v =
( ) 5.408 ft/s
B
n
v =
( ) 15.224 ft/s
A
n
v =
A

( ) ( )
2 2
15.224 11.57 19.12 ft/s, 37.23
A
v = + = =
19.12 ft/s
A
v = 72.2 !
B

5.41ft/s
B
v = 40 !



(a) Rebound at A

Projectile motion between A and B

Conservation of momentum t direction
( ) ( )
0
cos60 6cos
A A
t t
mv m v v = ! =
( ) 3 m/s
A
t
v =
Coefficient of restitution in the n direction
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 0 0 : 6sin 60 0.6
A A A
n n n
v e v v = =
( ) 3.12 m/s
A
n
v =
After rebound ( ) ( )
0
3 m/s
x A
t
v v = =

( ) ( )
0
3.12 m/s
y A
n
v v = =
( )
0
3 , 3 m/s
x x
x v t t v = = =

( )
2 2
0
1
3.12 4.905 ;
2
y
y v t gt t t = =

( )
0
3.12 9.81
y y
v v gt t = =
At B, 0: 3.12 9.81 0 0.318 s
y A B A B
v t t

= = ! =

2
: 3.12 4.905 0.496 m
B A B A B
y h h t t

= = =
3
B A B
x d t

= =
0.496 m h = !
0.953 m d = !
(b) ( )
0
3 m/s
B x
v v = =
3.00 m/s
B
v = !



(a) Momentum of sphere A alone is conserved in the t-direction.
0
cos sin
A A A
m v m v =

0
tan
A
v v = (1)
Total momentum is conserved in the x-direction.
( ) ( )
0
0, 0
B B A B B A A B A
x x
m v m v m v m v v v + = + = =
0
1.5 4.5
0 0
B
v v
g g
+ = +

0
3
B
v
v = (2)
( )
0
sin 0 sin cos
B A
v e v v =
( )( )
0
0.6 cot
B A
v v v = + (3)
Substituting
B
v from (2) into (3)
0 0
0.6 0.333 cot
A
v v v = +

0
0.267 cot
A
v v = (4)
Divide (4) into (1)
2
1 tan
tan
0.267 cot
= =
tan 1.935 = 62.7 = !
(b) From (1) ( )
0
tan 1.935
A A
v v v = =

0
0
0.5168 ,
3
A B
v
v v v = = (2)
continued


( )
( )
2
2 2
lost
1 1
2 2
A A A A B B
T m v m v m v = +
( ) ( )
2
2 2
0
lost 0 0
1 1.5 1 1.5 4.5
0.5168
2 2 2 3
v
T v v
g g
! "
# $
# $
= + % &
' ( ' (
) * % & ) *
+ ,

[ ]
2 2
0 0
0.3
1.5 0.40 0.50
2
v v
g g
= =

2
lost 0
0.00932 ft lb T v = !
(For
0
v in ft/s).

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COSMOS: Complete Online Solutions Manual Organization System

+ + & ' & ' & '

& ' & ' & '

& ' & ' & '

' ( ! " ! "

shows that the unknown function ( ) , f x y is a constant.

& '& '

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