FLOW

MEASUREMENTS,
HYDRAULIC JUMP
 2
 dV 
   2

 dy 
if  0.4 y

 dy
dV  2.5
 y

 y
V  2.5 ln
 yo
 k 2 3 12
V R S
n
1. FLOAT METHOD
2. CURRENT METER

V = a + bN
Q  cA 2 gh
 Sample Problem
 Orifice Equation Q  cA 2 gh
Show the calibrated equation of the submerged
orifice with a diameter of 10 cm.

DISCHARGE, Q Head Difference

L/s m
10.147 0.253
9.641 0.245
9.047 0.232
Flow Over a Weir
<-----(Flow Right to Left)
Q  1.84LH 3/ 2

Q  1.84( L  0.20H ) H 3/ 2
Q  1.42H 5/ 2
Q  1.86LH 3/ 2
nappe.

Actual Flow
Discharge

Figure 4-4. The actual flow discharge of the proportional weir.

Q = C db c (2ga) (h
0.5
1 – a/3).
 Sample Problem
A rectangular channel 6.10 m wide has a depth of
90 cm of water flowing with a mean velocity of
0.75 m/s. Determine the height of standard
sharp-crested weir if the depth in the channel of
approach is 1.50 m.
A. 0.45 m
B. 0.51 m
C. 0.99 m
D. 1.95 m
HYDRAULIC JUMP

SUPERCRITICAL TO SUB-CRITICAL
 FROUDE NO.
 CRITICAL FLOW
V  Fr =1
Fr   SUBCRITICAL FLOW
gD  Fr <1
 SUPERCRITICAL FLOW
 Fr >1
Subcritical Flow with Waves Moving
Upstream
<-----(Flow Right to Left)
Critical Flow
(Flow Left to Right)----->
Supercritical Flow
<-----(Flow Right to Left)
Hydraulic Jump on a Mild Slope
(Flow Left to Right)----->
Hydraulic Jump on a Steep Slope
(Flow Left to Right)----->
 Q
Q

F1  F2  Q(V2  V1 )
 
 h 1 A1   h 2 A2  Q (V2  V1 )
d1 d2
 bd1   bd 2  Q(V2  V1 )
2 2
d12 d 22
     q  (V2  V1 ) 2
2 2 2q
d12  d 22 q q
d1 d 2 (d1  d 2 ) 
g
2
 q (  )
d 2 d1
g
d2 1

d1 2
 (1  8Fr  1 2

d 2  d1  3

hL 
4d 1 d 2
 Sample Problem
If a discharge of 1 m3/s per meter
width of the channel has a velocity
of 4 m/s, to what depth could it
possibly jump?
2q 2
d1 d 2 (d1  d 2 ) 
g
 Sample Problem
The loss of energy in a hydraulic jump formed in a
rectangular channel is 4.25 m. The Froude number
just before the jump is 7.50. Find:
1. The discharge per meter width of the channel

2. The depths before and after the jump

3. Froude number after the jump

4. Percentage loss of energy due to jump.