WEATHER

vs.
CLIMATE
LOCALIZED ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION
SEA AND LAND BREEZES
GENERAL ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION
GLOBAL-SCALE
AIR CIRCULATION

Due to:
- latitudinal difference in solar
heating of the earth’s surface

- inclination of the earth’s axis

of rotation

- mechanics of the atmosphere

fluid flow

- Coriolis effect
Air Circulation (Hadley Cell)
in Tropical Latitudes
 CLIMATIC CONTROLS
FOR PHILIPPINE CLIMATE
• Topography and location
• Trade winds
• Fronts
• Intertropical convergence
zone (ITCZ)
• Monsoon winds
• Tropical cyclones
• Easterly waves
Composition of the total Philippine rainfall

SOURCE OF RAIN % DISTRIBUTION

Tropical cyclone 47

ITCZ, easterly waves 39

Southwest monsoon 7

Northeast monsoon 7
I
T
C
Z
C
Y
C
L
O
N
E tropical depression - max wind speed: 30–64 kph
tropical storm - max wind speed: 65–117 kph
typhoon - max wind speed of more than 117 kph
 Temporal Migration of
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
HABAGAT (SW MONSOON)
AMIHAN (NE MONSOON)
M
O
N Oct to
Mar
S
O
O
N
May to
Sept
 EASTERLY WAVES
• a westward-moving, wavelike disturbance of low
atmospheric pressure embedded in tropical easterly
winds.
• affects the country from April to May