FULLY DEVELOPED

TURBULENT FLOW IN PIPE

Shear stress for turbulent flow :

where is the time average of the

product of the fluctuating
velocity components u’ and v’.
Terms such as are called
Reynolds stresses or turbulent stresses.
 Friction velocity
Profil kecepatan dua gambar di atas
dalam pipa sirkular untuk aliran
laminar dan turbulen yang sudah
berkembang penuh
 Studi kasus untuk mengetahui debit
aliran dalam saluran udara
Data from Hinze [7] suggest that
the variation of power-law
exponent n with Reynolds number
(based on pipe diameter, D, and
centerline velocity, U) for fully
developed flow in smooth pipes is
given by

Dh = a and
𝜌𝑈 𝐷h
𝑅𝑒𝑈 =
The ratio of the average velocity to the centerline 𝜇
velocity may be calculated for the power-law profiles of ReU , Reynolds number based
Eq. 8.22 assuming the profiles to be valid from wall to on centerline velocity, U
centerline. The result is

o Misal aliran udara dengan ReU = 20000, maka harga n = 6.04, rasio
o Jika r = 1.225 kg/m3 dan m = 1.789 10-5 kg/(m.s), dan Dh = a = 200 mm, maka U = 4.45 m/s
o Sehingga kecepatan rata-rata () = 0.79 x 4.45 m/s = 3.52 m/s dan A = 0.0314 m2
o Debit aliran udara = x A = 3.52 m/s x 0.0314 m2 = 0.11 m3/s
PROFIL KECEPATAN
Velocity Profile for Fully
Developed Laminar Flow :

Velocity Profile for Fully

Developed Turbulent Flow :

for n =7 :
Bilangan Reynolds (Re) untuk Aliran melalui Pipa Sirkular:
o Aliran Laminar yang mengalir dalam pipa sirkular :
Re < 2300

o Aliran transisi yang mengalir dalam pipa sirkular :

2300 < Re < 4000
o Aliran turbulen yang mengalir dalam pipa sirkular :
Re > 4000
HUKUM KEKEKALAN ENERGI (HUKUM I THERMODINAMIKA)
Head Loss
Total
(m2/s2)

(m)
HEAD LOSS TOTAL (hlT)

Head Loss Major – Darcy-Weisbach

equation
Head Loss Minor – Darcy-Weisbach
equation

K = Minor Loss Coefficient

Le = equivalent length of straight pipe
 Aliran Laminar

Coolebrook
equation
Alir
Tur an
bul Haaland
en
iteration
MOODY DIAGRAM
KEKASARAN ABSOLUT (ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS)
HEAD LOSS TOTAL (hlT)

Head Loss Major – Darcy-Weisbach

equation
Head Loss Minor – Darcy-Weisbach
equation

K = Minor Loss Coefficient

Le = equivalent length of straight pipe
o Aliran sekunder (secondary flow)
pada Elbow 900
o Aliran sekunder memberikan
kontribusi terjadinya head loss
minor
MINOR LOSSES COEFFICIENT (K)
LOSS COEFFICIENT OF SUDDEN CONTRACTION
& SUDDEN EXPANSION
SKEMA INSTALASI
 Aliran steady
Aliran Incompressible
Aliran turbulen berkembang
penuh
P1 = P2 = Patm
V1 = V2 = 0, Areservoir >> Apipa
Diameter pipa konstan
 HUKUM I THERMODINAMIKA
(KEKEKALAN ENERGI)
Persamaan Umum Hukum I Thermodinamika :

= 0 (2) = 0 (1) = 0 (3)

  
   
Q  Ws  Wshear  Wother  CV ed  CS ( e  pv ) V  dA
t

V2
eu  gz
2
1. W other  0

2. W shear  0 (meskipun tegangan geser ada pada dinding elbow, namun kecepatan
aliran sama dengan nol pada dinding)
3. Aliran Steady
4. Aliran incompressible
5. Energi dalam dan tekanan seragam pada penampang 1 dan 2
Head Loss Total (hLT) :
p p 
 u2  u1   m
Q  W S  m  g z 2  z1 
  2  1   m
   
V22 V22
 A  V2 dA2   A  V1 dA1
2 2 1 2

 p p   V 2  V 2 
Q  W S  m u2  u1   m  2    m g z2  z1   m  2 2  1 1 
1
    2 2 


Q dW p2 p1  2V22 1V12
  u2  u1     g z 2  z1   
dm dm   2 2
p 2  dW  p 2  
  1 V   V Q 
1 1  gz1   2  2 2  gz1    u2  u1  
 2  dm   2   dm 
   

p1 V12 p2 V22
 1  gz1  H p   2  gz1  hlT
 2  2
 Menentukan Head Pompa (Hp) :
p1 V12 p2 V22
 1  z1  H p   2  z2  hlT 1 2
 2g  2g

hlT 12  hl1 2  hl m1 2

hl1 2  f1
L1 2 V 2  Le V 2
hlm1 2   2 f2  K entrance  K ball valve  K exit 
D 2g  D elbow  2g
p1  p2  patm
Asumsi berdasarkan skema instalasi di atas :
V1  V2  0

H p  z2  z1   hLT 1 2

V2  
 f1 L1 2  2 f 2 Le  K entrance  K exit  K ball valve 
Hp  z 2  z1  
2g  D pipe D 
 

8Q 2 L1 2 Le 
H p  z 2  z1    f1  2 f2  K entrance  K exit  K ball valve 
 D pipeg  D pipe
2 4 D 

Menentukan Daya Pompa (P) :

 gQ H p 1 HP = 746 Watt
P Watt 
 pompa

 gQ H p
P Horse Power 
746  pompa

Dimana :
r = densitas fluida (kg/m3)
g = 9,8 m/s2
Q = debit aliran fluida (m3/s)
Hp = Head Pompa (m)
hpompa = Effisiensi Pompa
KURVA UNJUK KERJA POMPA SENTRIFUGAL

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