Chapter (4)

(Pump)

-Pumps are devices which import energy to hide in fluid system. This
would increase pressure head (p/ɤ) or kinetic head (v2/2g) or both.
Pumps are:
Rot dynamics
Reciprocating
The Rotodynamics pumps are:
i. Centrifugal pumps (radial)
ii. Mixed flow pumps or half axial
iii. Axial flow pumps

The Centrifugal pumps have some advantages compared with others.

4-1 Specific speed & selection of pumps:

N Q
The Ns is reference for pumps selection based on Ns = 3
H 4

N: r.p.m
Q: m3/s

Then
Type of pumps Ns value
1- Low speed radial pump <10
2-Medium speed radial pump 10-20
3- High speed radial pump 20-80
4- Mixed flow pump 80-100
5- Axial flow pump >100

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4-2 Centrifugal pumps:
4-2-1 Description:

The basic principle of operation is to rotate a certain mass of fluid

causing it to be thrown away radially from the central axis. A centrifugal
head is impressed on the fluids which enable it to rise to higher levels.

Propelle
r

Q= v2/2g

The centrifugal pump consist of propeller and casing with section &
delivery portions.

2
The external layout of the pumps is as below:
hs= static suction head (lift)m
hd= static delivery head (lift)m
0= liquid surface or elevation
1= suction side at inlet to impeller
2= outer portion of impeller
E=exit of delivery

4-2-2 Formulation of Equations

E.E. (0) & (1)

Po Vo2 P1 V12
  Zo    Z1  hls (z1 – zo = hs)
 2g  2g

P1 V 2 
    1  hs  hls 
  2 g 

Ps V 2 
or    s  hs  hls   (a) This indicates that the head in the suction
  2 g  pipe is negative.

E.E. (1) & (2)

P1 V12 P2 V22
  Z1  h    Z 2  hlimp
 2g  2g

Z1=Z2
Vw2 u 2  Vw1u1 V u
h   h  w2 2
g g

(1) = S

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 Ps Vs2 Vw2 u 2 P2 V22 (b)
     hlimp
 2g g  2g

Suction Delivery
(1) (2)

E.E. (2) & (E)

P2 V22 Pe Ve2
  z2    z e  hl .d  z e  z 2  hd 
 2g  2g

Pe  Patm  0

P2 V22 Ve2
   hd  hl .d ©
 2g 2g

hl.d =total delivery head

4-2-3 Heads of Pump

The most important definition of head is:

- Static head (Hs):

Elevation difference Hs= hs+ hd

Between (E) and (0)

-Manometic head ( Hm): all heads in the system .

 Pd Vd2   Ps Vs2 
Hm       h  Lossesin the impeller 
  2 g    2 g 

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The equations (a) , (b) and (C)

P V 2  P V2  V2
H m   d  d    s  s   hs  hd  hl .s  hl.d  e 
 2g    2g   2g 

 Ve2 
H m  h  hs  hd  hl .s  hl.d    (2)
 2 g 

- ported head or head delivered to luid (h )

(3)
Vw 2 u 2
h 
g

Vd2 (4)
- total delivery head = hd   he.d
2g

 Vs2  (5)
- totalSuction head  T.S.H = -hs   he.s 
 2g 

4-2-4 Efficiencies of Pump:

Three types of Efficiencies:

1- Manometric Efficiencies ( man )

= Hydraulic Efficiencies ( h )

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 Hm
 h   man  Ratio of Manometric head to the head (h)
Vwo u o / g
Supplied by impeller.

Usually about ( 0.6 ~ 0.9)

2- Mechanical Efficiencies ( m )

It is the ratio of energy available at

 p  p    .Q.Vwo u o . 
 m   in  
Impeller to the energy given by Prime
 pin   g  pin  mover

∆P= Mechanical Losses

3- Volumetric Efficiencies (V )

Q
V   100 0 0
Q  Q

∆Q = Leakage in passage and clearance

4- Overall Efficiencies ( )

 .Q.H m
  man m v 
Pin

4-2-5 Operating point of a pump:

P=ɤ.Q.hp

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 Pump characteristics
The operation of pumping is depend on
System characteristics

-For the pump the curves of (hp~ Q ) at certain N are supplied by the
manufacturer.

-For the system, use S.F.E.E.

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 P1 V12 P2 V22
  z1  h p    z 2   hm.l   h f .l
 2g  2g

K(v2/2g) f (L/D)(v2/2g)

Ds=Dd Vd Vs

hp= (Z2 – Z1 ) + v2/ 2g [ ∑k +∑ f (L/D)]

= (Z2 – Z1 ) + (8Q2/ π2gD4)[ ∑k +∑ f (L/D)]for system car. Eq.

Example:

What will be the discharge in the water system in fig. if the pump has the
following characteristics?

Q 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.41 m3/s

hp 59 57.5 54.5 30 Zero m

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Solution:

S.F.E.E. (1) and (2)

P1 V2 P V2
 1  z1  h p  2  2  z 2   hm.l   h f .l
 2g  2g

Ds = Dd , Vd= Vs

hp= (Z2 – Z1 ) + v2/ 2g [ 0.5+ 0.35+1+ 0.015*( 1000/ 0.4)

2
hp= 30+127Q

Q 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.41 m3/s

Q2 0 0.01 0.04 m

127Q2 0 1.27

hp 30 31.7

Q = 0.27 m3 / sec