Theory of Structures

Third Class
2018-2019
Syllabus
1. Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by Method of Consistent Deformation:
a. Beams
b. Frames
c. Truss
2. Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by Slope Deflection Method:
a. Beams
b. Frames
3. Analysis of Indeterminate Structures by Moment Distribution Method:
a. Beams
b. Frames

References
➢ Structural Analysis, 8th edition by: R. C. Hibbeler
➢ Structural Analysis, 4th edition by: Aslam Kassimali
➢ Elementary Structural Analysis, by: Norris, Wilbar and Utku.
➢ Fundamentals of Structural Analysis, 2nd Edition, by: Leet and Uang
➢ Text Book: Elementary Theory of Structures, 2nd Edition, by: YUAN-YU HSIEH

Dr. Nibras Nizar 1

 Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

Analysis of Indeterminate Structures

Method of Consistent Deformation
This method can be used for the analysis of all types of indeterminate structures
including: Beams, Frames and Trusses.
Analysis of Indeterminate Beams and Frames
Procedure for Analysis
1. Determine the degree of indeterminacy.
2. Specify the unknown redundant force or moment that must be removed from the structure to be
determinate and stable.
No. of Redundant forces = Degree of Indeterminacy
3. Draw a series of primary determinate structures which summation is equal to the actual
indeterminate structure.
4. Determine the moment (M) at the primary structure which is loaded by the same external Load for
the actual indeterminate structure. P
w w
5. Remove all the external real loads and apply a unit load
or moment at the first redundant to find (m1) ,
second redundant to find (m2) , etc.
1 2
6. Write a compatibility equation for the displacement or
Actual Structure
w P w
rotation where there is a redundant, the unknown redundant
forces are calculated by solving the equations simultaneously.
if there is one redundant: D10 D20

∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 = 0 (𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) Primary Structure M

if there is two redundant: x1

∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 + 𝛿12 𝑥2 = 0 (𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

∆20 + 𝛿21 𝑥1 + 𝛿22 𝑥2 = 0 (𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) d11 d21

Where: Primary Structure m1

𝑙 𝑙
𝑀𝑚1 𝑑𝑥 𝑀𝑚2 𝑑𝑥 x2
∆10 = ∫ , ∆20 = ∫
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑙 𝑙 2 𝑙
𝑚12 𝑑𝑥 𝑚2 𝑑𝑥 𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑑𝑥
𝛿11 = ∫ , 𝛿22 = ∫ , 𝛿12 = 𝛿21 = ∫ d12 d22
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
7. By applying the equilibrium equations, the remaining Primary Structure m2

unknown reactions can be determined after the

unknown redundant forces have been calculated.
Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 2
 Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

Supports Before and After Removing the Redundant

Before Removing the Redundant After Removing the Redundant

Roller Free End

Hinge

Fixed

Free End

Example: Analyze the beam shown below by the method of Consistent Deformation. EI is constant
Solution: W kN/m

The beam is indeterminate to the first degree A B

So, there is one redundant.
L
It can be solved by removing the reaction at B or the moment at A.
1. Reaction at B is the Redundant W kN/m

∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 = 0 𝐸𝑞. (1) A B

𝑤𝑥 2 L
𝑙
𝑀𝑚1 𝑑𝑥 𝑙 (− ) (−𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
2
∆10 = ∫ = ∫ W kN/m x1
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼
𝑙 B
𝑤𝑥 4 𝑤𝑙 4 A
∆10 = [ ] =
8𝐸𝐼 0 8𝐸𝐼 L
Primary Structure M 1
𝑙( 𝑙 3
𝑙
𝑚12 𝑑𝑥 −𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 𝑙
𝛿11 =∫ =∫ =[ ] =
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 0 3𝐸𝐼 A B
Substituting in Eq. (1) L
Primary Structure m1
𝑤𝑙 4 𝑙3 3𝑤𝑙 3
+ 𝑥1 = 0 → 𝑥1 = − RB= 𝑤𝑙 ↑
8𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 8 8
Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 3
 Theory of Structures Indeterminate Structures: Method of Consistent Deformation

3 5
Fy=0 RA= 𝑤 − 𝑤𝑙 = 𝑤𝑙 5
RA= 𝑤𝑙 ↑
8 8
8
3 𝑙
MA=0 MA+ 𝑤𝑙 ∗ 𝑙 − 𝑤𝑙 ∗ =0 𝑤𝑙 2
8 2
MA=
8

2. Moment at A is the Redundant W kN/m

∆10 + 𝛿11 𝑥1 = 0 𝐸𝑞. (1) A B

2
𝑤𝑙𝑥 𝑤𝑥 𝑥 x1 L
𝑙 𝑙( − ) (− ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑀𝑚1 𝑑𝑥 2 2 𝑙
∆10 = ∫ = ∫
0 𝐸𝐼 0 𝐸𝐼 W kN/m
−𝑤𝑙 3 B
∆10 = A
24𝐸𝐼
𝑥 2 x
𝑙 (− 𝑙 M
𝑙
𝑚12 𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥3 𝑙
Primary Structure
𝛿11 = ∫ =∫ 𝑙 =[ 2 ] = wl/2 wl/2
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 1
0 0 3𝑙 𝐸𝐼 0
B
Substituting in Eq. (1) A
x
3 2
𝑤𝑙 𝑙 𝑤𝑙 𝑤𝑙 2 1/l Primary Structure m1 1/l
+ 𝑥1 = 0 → 𝑥1 = − MA=
24𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 8 8

𝑤𝑙2 𝑙
MA=0 𝑅𝐵 ∗ 𝑙 +
8
− 𝑤𝑙 ∗ 2 = 0 3
RB= 𝑤𝑙 ↑
8

3 5
Fy=0 RA= 𝑤 − 𝑤𝑙 = 𝑤𝑙 5
RA= 𝑤𝑙 ↑
8 8
8

Dr. Nibras Nizar, Dr.Hanadi Fadhel 4