Group 6:

● Rishabh Arora 2017B2A10638P

● Utkarsh Dixit 2017B1A10403P
● Rohan Marwah 2017B4A10840P
● Divyansh Joshi 2017B2A10689P
● Shirish Gupta 2017B4A10778P
● Shantanu Singh 2017B4A10755P

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
RECIPROCATING PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

1. AIM:​ ​Study and analysis of operating characteristics of double acting reciprocating pump.

2. OBJECTIVES: ​To study the operating characteristics of a double acting piston-type

reciprocating pump.

FORMULAS USED:
P 2 −P V 22−V 2
1. Developed Head: H = ρg
1
+ 2g
1
+ (Z 2 − Z 1 ) + h f
2. Power developed by pump: P f = QHρg
P f
3. Mechanical efficiency of pump: η = P B

Q
4. Volumetric efficiency of pump: η V = Q th

5. Theoretical discharge: Q th = 2 ( π4 d2B ) L ( 2π

60 N )
A*R
6. Actual Discharge: Q = t*100
Q
7. Velocity: v = A

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:(For RPM=60 )

1. Actual Discharge: Q = A*R
t*100
0.205*1
= 28.84 *100
= 0.00008253 m 3 /s
Q 0.00008253
2. Suction velocity : v 1 = A1
= 0.0005056 = 0.1629541m/s

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 Q 0.00008253
3. Delivery velocity : v 2 = A2
= 0.0002849
= 0.2897 m/s

4. Developed Head:(in SI Unit)

P 2 −P V 22−V 2
H = ρg
1
+ 2g
1
+ (Z 2 − Z 1 ) + h f
2 2
[0.35−(−0.02)]*98066 0.2897 −0.1629541
= 1000*9.81
+ 2*9.81
+ (0) + 0 = 3.7054189 m

5. Power developed by pump:

P f = QHρg = 0.00008253 * 3.70541 * 1000 * 9.81 = 2.9968545 W

6. Theoretical discharge:
Q th = 2 ( π4 d2B ) L ( 2π 2
60 N ) = 2 ( 4 * 0.0445 ) * 0.035 * ( 60 * 60)
3.14 2*3.14

= 0.0006834 m 3 /s
P f 2.9968545*100
7. Mechanical efficiency of pump: η = P * 100 = 69
= 4.3432673 %
B

8. Volumetric efficiency of pump:

Q 0.00008253
ηV = Q th * 100 = 0.0006834 * 100 = 12.076884%

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OBSERVATION TABLES:
RPM=60
S.No. Time of Change in gauge pressure Power to pump (watt)
collection of water level
water in in measuring
measuring tank (cm)
tank (sec)
Suction Delivery (P2)
(P1) (kgf/cm2)
(kgf/cm2)
24.84 1 -0.02 0.35 69
2 29.44 1 -0.02 0.4 69
3 34.5 1 -0.02 0.6 72
4 38.05 1 -0.02 1.23 80
1

RPM=80
S.No. Time of Change in gauge pressure Power to pump (watt)
collection of water level
water in in measuring
measuring tank (cm)
tank (sec)
Suction Delivery (P2)
(P1) (kgf/cm2)
(kgf/cm2)
1 16.6 1 -0.02 2.15 134
2 15.4 1 -0.02 1.84 125
3 14.21 1 -0.02 1.4 118
4 13.63 1 -0.02 0.75 107
2

1
Observation table for RMP = 60

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 RPM=90
S.No. Time of Change in gauge pressure Power to pump (watt)
collection of water level
water in in measuring
measuring tank (cm)
tank (sec)
Suction Delivery (P2)
(P1) (kgf/cm2)
(kgf/cm2)
1 13.62 1 -0.02 1.8 140
2 12.29 1 -0.02 1.27 130
3 11.78 1 -0.02 0.98 125
4 10.36 1 -0.02 0.8 121
3

2
Observation Table for RPM = 80
3
Observation Table for RPM = 90

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CALCULATION TABLES:
Power
Volumetric Head delivered
flow developed by by the
S No rate(m​3​/s) the pump (m) pump(W) η (%) η​V​ (%)
1 8.25E-05 3.705418868 3.00 4.34 12.08
2 6.96E-05 4.204912366 2.87 4.16 10.19
3 5.94E-05 6.205692883 3.61 5.02 8.70
4 5.39E-05 12.50966581 6.60 8.26 7.88
4

Power
Volumetric Head delivered
flow developed by by the
S No rate(m​3​/s) the pump(m) pump(W) η (%) η​V​ (%)
1 1.23E-04 21.7211684 26.29 19.62 13.55
2 1.33E-04 18.62014187 24.29 19.43 14.61
3 1.44E-04 14.21850748 20.10 17.04 15.83
4 1.50E-04 7.714907338 11.37 10.63 16.51
5

Power
Volumetric Head delivered
flow developed by by the
S No rate(m​3​/s) the pump(m) pump(W) η (%) η​V​ (%)
1 1.51E-04 18.22199305 26.88 19.20 14.68
2 1.67E-04 12.92064488 21.12 16.25 16.27
3 1.74E-04 10.01974957 17.09 13.67 16.98
4 1.98E-04 8.222349615 15.94 13.18 19.30
6

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Calculation Table for RPM = 60
5
Calculation Table for RPM = 80
6
Calculation Table for RPM = 90

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DATA VISUALIZATION:

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
● The highest efficiency was observed at (these are the operating points):
○ Q=5.39E-05 m 3 /s for RPM=60
○ Q=1.23E-04 m 3 /s for RPM=80
○ Q=1.51E-04 m 3 /s for RPM=90
● The Head of the pump was found to decrease with increasing flow rate for all the RPMs.
This is in line with the fact that as we increase the flow rate, pressure decreases and thus
Head decreases.
● Power delivered to the fluid by the pump decreases as Q increases however to pump
more fluid, more power needs to be delivered to the fluid.This could be due to
experimental errors and manual errors in conducting the experiment.
● Power needed by the pump also decreases with increasing flow rate.This is also in
violation to the general trend because to pump more fluid, the pump requires more power.
● The mechanical efficiency decreases with increasing the flow rate and its trend cannot be
justified by any theory.This is because mechanical efficiency also depends on pump
network design and certain parameters used in the apparatus.
● However, some deviation was seen in the above mentioned trends for RPM=60 as there
was a little spike for the maximum flow rate in each of the Power delivered to the
pump,Power developed by the pump and mechanical efficiency cases.
● Volumetric efficiency was found to increase with increasing flow rate since it is directly
proportional to Q.
Q
○ ηV = Q th

● The deviations in the results might also be there because we ignored friction in pipes of
the apparatus.

CONCLUSION:
● The operating points are as follows:
○ Q=5.39E-05 m 3 /s for RPM=60
○ Q=1.23E-04 m 3 /s for RPM=80

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 ○ Q=1.51E-04 m 3 /s for RPM=90
● Thus all these 3 points are the operating points for each of the RPMs,since the operating
point is the point with maximum mechanical efficiency.
● Head developed,Power delivered to the pump,Power developed by the pump and
mechanical efficiency, all were observed to follow the same trend with flow rate as
depicted in the graph.
○ For RPM=60 all of them decreased as Q increased but there was a little spike at
last (except head).
○ For RPM=80 all of them decreased as Q increased.
○ For RPM=90 all of them decreased as Q increased.
● Volumetric efficiency was observed to follow the reverse trend in comparison to the
above and it increased as Q increased for all the 3 RPMs.

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