Hydraulic Machines

MPE321
Review Part 2
By
Dr. Ismail Mohamed Sakr
ismailsakr@yahoo.com
Power Mechanical Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering
Menoufia University
32511, Shebin El-kom
EGYPT.
Influence Viscosity
A centrifugal pump whose performance curves when pumping
water at 100 r.p.m are given by :
Q(m3/hr) 76.5 102 127.5 153
H(m) 96 90.5 82 67
η% 64 71.5 74 71

This pump is used to force oil of kinematic viscosity as 75

mm2/s and specific gravity as 0.9 in a long pipline with 80
m static head, its maximum discharge with 100 m3/hr when
operating at 1000 r.p.m. Find the minimum number of
pumps required to pump 150 m3/hr and 100 m of this oil.
Would you arrange them in series or in parallel?
n = 1450rpm, → Hst = 20m → L = 300m → f = 0.03
2 → bend → k b = 0.4 → k valve = 0.6
fL 1 1 1
Hsys = Hst + kQ = 20 + [ 5 + 2k b
2
2
+ K valve 2
+ 1.5 2
]Q 2
→ Q(m 3
/ s)
12D 2gA 2gA 2gA
Hsys = 20 + 10349.81Q2 → Q(m3 / s)
Q(lit/s) 0 20 40 60 80

Q(m3/s) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08

Hsys 20 24.14 36.6 57.25 86.24

Qop = 40 → H op = 36.6m → op = 78%

Qop H op 9810  0.04  36.6
S.H.Pop = = = 18.41kW
op 0.78
 Qop
Q req = = 20Lit / s
2
H 1 = 42m
H 2 = 24.14m
H Lv = 42 − 24.14 = 17.86 m
Q req H lv
S .H .PLv =
req
S .H .PLv = 5.65kW
Q req H 2
sys =
S .H .Pop
9810  0.02  24.14
sys = = 25.7%
18.4 1000
Q p = 0.04m3 / s → f = 0.03
 = 1000kg / m 3 , n = 1450rpm
Ls = 16m, k b = 0.4, k v = 0.6
p vap = 0.245bar, p atm = 101.33kPa
H ss = 3, NPSHR = ???, N ss = ?, NPSHA = ??
patm
NPSHA = − H ss − H vs − H vap

fLs Q 2 Q2 Q2
H fv = + kb + kv
12Ds 5
 
2g( Ds2 ) 2 2g( Ds2 ) 2
4 4
Q2 0.03 16
= [ + 0.4 + 0.6] = 685.5Q 2

6.1269 10−3 0.15

101.33 1000 0.245 105
NPSHA = −3− − 685.5Q 2
9810 9810
= 10.329 − 3 − 2.497 − 685.5Q 2 = 2.832 − 685.5Q 2
NPSHA = 4.832 − 685.5Q 2
NPSHA = 4.832 − 685.5Q 2

NPSHR = 0.001046N 4/3Q 2/3 = 17.16678Q 2/3

Q(Lit/s) 0 20 40 60

Q(m3/s) 0 0.02 0.04 0.06

NPSHA 4.832 4.557 3.7352 3.3642

NPSHR 0 1.264 2.007 2.63

  Q 21450 0.04
Nss = = = 3.249
(gNPSHR) 0.75
60(9.81 2.007) 0.75

Nss (imp) = 3.249  2500 = 8122.77 9500

Dop = 4.5 3 Q / N = 0.136m
p1 − p v
b =
0.5w12
w1 = C1m
2
+ u12
4Q
C1m = = 2.898m / s
De 0.95
2

Die N
u1 = = 10.326m / s
60
w1 = 10.724m / s
p1 = g  H atm − H ss − H fs 
p1 = 1000  9.8110.329 − 3 − 1.0968 = 0.61137 105 bar
(0.61137 − 0.245) 105
b = = 0.637
0.5  1000  (10.724) 2
n = 1000r . p .m ,  = 0.25, Q = 42Lit / s
a )n = 1000r . p .m ,Q max = 42Lit / s
Re q : S .H .P , S .H .PLV
Q max = 42Lit / s , → H m = 30m
H sys = H st + KQ 2
30 = 12 + K  (42) 2
30 − 12 18 m
K = 2
= 2
[ ]
(42) (42) Lit / s
To prevent cavitation
i)-n=1000 r.p.m closing valve , Qmax, S.H.P., S.H.Plv
 18 Q(Lit/s) 0 14 28 42 56
H sys = 12 + Q 2

(42)2
Hst(m) 12 14 20 30 44

  Q  H op
S .H .P = =
op
9810  42  30
S .H .P = =
0.78 1000
S .H .P = 15.85kW
i-Close the valve, Qclose=??, S.H.P=???,S.H.Plv=???
H v − H atm = −10 (m )
D s = D d = 15 (cm )
fL f  (3L )
K1 = K s + Kd = 5
=
12D 12D 5
fLs
Ks =
12D s5
Lt = L s + Ld = 3L
L s = L , Ld = 2L
3fL
K = 5
= 3K s
12D
1 6
Ks = K =
3 (42) 2
H ms − H m  H v − H atm
[H s .s − K sQ 2 ] − [H st + KQ 2 ]  H v − H atm
 6 18
[1.5 − 2
Q 2
] − 0.25  [12 + 2
Q 2
]  −10
(42) (42)
−10.5 2
2
Q  −10 + 1.5
(42)
9.5  (42) 2
Q req = Q max = = 40(Lit / s )
10.5

H lv = 32 − 27 = 5 (m )
  Q req  H LV
S .H .P = =
req
9810  40  5
S .H .P = =
0.77  1000
S .H .P = 3kW
Ii-Reducing pump speed, nnew=???, Qmax=???, S.H.P=????
Iso-eff. Q=40 (Lit/s) Hreq=28.3 (m)
H req 28.3 2 Q(lit/s) 40 42 43
H iso = 2
Q =
2
2
Q
Q req (40) Hiso(m) 28.3 31.2 32.7

n = 1000 r . p .m
Q req = 40( Lit / s )
req = 77.5
Q * = 41.4(Lit / s )
H * = 30.2(m )
Q* n 1000
= =
Q req n req n req
n req = 966.18 r . p .m
  Q req  H req 9810  40  28.3
S .H .P = = = 14.4kW
* = req 0.77 1000
iii ) − Q p = 42(Lit / s ) → n = 1000 r . p .m , H m = 30 ( m )
18 K 2
K = 2
→ K s = → K d = K H md − H m − H m  H v − H atm
(42) 3 3
H md − ( + 1)H m  H v − H atm
18 6
K = → K s = H s .d + K d Q 2 − ( + 1)H m  H v − H atm
(42) 2 (42) 2
Qop = 42( Lit / s ) → n = 1000( r . p .m )
H ms − H m  H v − H atm
18 6
H m = 30( m ) → K = → K s =
H ms = H SS − K sQ 2 (42) 2 (42) 2
12
H ms = H md − H m Kd =
(42) 2
H md − H m − H m  H v − H atm
12
13.5 + 2
Q 2 − (0.25 + 1) H m = −10
(42)
12
1.25H m = 23.5 + Q 2

(42) 2
 12 Q(Lit/s) 0 14 28 42 56
1.25H m = 23.5 + 2
Q2
(42)
Hmcr 18.8 19.87 23 28.4 35.87
9.6 2
H sys = H mcr = 18.8 + 2
Q
(42)
Q = 43.5(Lit / s )
H = 29.09(m )
H s .s − K snew Q 2 − H m  −10 QH
S .H .P =
1.5 − K snew (43.5) 2 − 0.25  (29.09)  −10 
4.025 f  Ls
K snew = = 9810  43.5  29.09
(43.5) 2 12D snew
5
S .H .P =
0.77 1000
4.025 f  Ls 1
K snew = 2
= 5 S .H .P = 16.121kW
(43.5) 12 D snew
6 f  Ls 1
K s )old = =
(42) 2 5
12 D sold
f  Ls
= K s )old  D sold
5

12
4.025 K s )old  D sold 5
6 D sold5
K snew = 2
= 5
=
(43.5) D snew (42) 2 D snew
5

6 (0.15)5 4.025
K snew = =
(42) 2 D snew
5
(43.5) 2
6 (0.15)5 4.025
=
(42) 2 D snew
5
(43.5) 2
D snew = 0.164m = 16.4cm
The table below gives the variation of NPSHR with Q for the
pump shown in Figure. Assume a coefficient of pipe friction of
0.012 and neglect minor losses.
a. If the pump is required to deliver 0.16 m3/s of water, what will
be the minimum depth (y) at which the pump should be
installed? Patm=101kPa, Pvap=5.6 Kpa
b. If the pump is installed at a depth of 3 m, what will be the
maximum flow rate if cavitation is to be avoided?
An experimental set up to circulate hot water (pv = 75 kPa) from
reservoir A through a heat exchanger and back to reservoir A, as
shown in Figure A , has a small centrifugal pump with the
characteristics shown in Figure B. The pipes used are 2.5 cm
diameter and have a total length of 10 m out of which 3 m is in the
suction side. The friction head loss in the heat exchanger is given
by 1.4 × 106 Q2, where Q is the flow rate in m3/s. Neglect minor
losses and consider a pipe friction coefficient f = 0.02.
a. Determine the system flow rate when the delivery valve is fully
open.
b. Investigate the system with respect to cavitation, and determine
the critical flow rate, Qcrit.
c. In order to operate the system at a flow rate of 2.4 L/s with no
cavitation, it is suggested to pressurize reservoir A by connecting it
to a compressed air tank. Determine the minimum pressure
required to avoid cavitation.
A
B
A centrifugal pump is used to lift water from reservoir A to reservoir
through a 200mm diameter pipe that has a total length of 200 m, as
shown in Figure 5.20. The characteristic curves of the pump at 1800
rpm are as shown in Figure A. The total static lift is 20m and the
pump is located 5m above the water free surface in reservoir A. The
total length of the suction pipe is 10m. The minor losses in the suction
pipe are given by 1.5 V2/2g , where Vs is the flow velocity in the pipe.
a. Investigate the system with respect to cavitation.
b. A young engineer suggested reducing the flow rate to 80% of its
original value by partially closing the delivery valve in order to avoid
cavitation. Show whether this could solve the problem.
c. What would be the power loss (in kW) resulting from the solution
suggested in part (b).
Data: Consider that the friction coefficient for all pipes f = 0.02, sp. wt
of water = 9.81 kN/m3, water vapor pressure = 4.5 kPa abs., and patm
= 101 kPa.