REFLUX DRUM 1

Design Calculations:

kg
ρC H6 =753.29 [1]
m3
6

kg
ρC H12 =762.99 [1]
m3
9

100
ρave =
x1 x2
+
ρC H
6 6
ρC 9
H 12

100 kg
ρave = =759.045 3
59.64 40.36 m
+
753.29 762.99
Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
kg
V =2434422.4
day ¿
kg
D=595213.33
day ¿
kg
L=1839209.07
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min [13].

kg
2434422.4 (0.006944)
day ¿
V t= =66.813m3
759.045

with 20% allowance

V t =66.813 m 3(1.20)
V t =80.1756 m 3
 2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of C 9 H 12∧DIPB Tank=( )( D 2)(2 D)+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
π
80.18 m 3=( )(2 D 3 )+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
D=4.40 m
H=2( 4.40 m)=8.80 m
H=8.80 m

3. Height of Mixture

V total=66.81 m3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
66.81 m 3=( )( 4.402)( H mixture )+( .0778)(4.403 )(2)
4

H Mixture=¿ 3.52m
 4. Shell Thickness

PD
t s= + C[ A]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa [ B ]

Su=50 000 psi(carbon Steel A 285 grade B)[2]

Fm: 1 [3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1 [3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25

S=12500 psi

efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼ [6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

Vp=57548.97 Pa[4 ]

For Benzene:

Vp=393934.70 Pa[4 ]
Using Raoult’s Law :
 Psolution =Po A X A + P oB X B

Total Vapor Pressure=(57548.97 Pa)(0.5964)+(393934.70 ¿(0.4036)

¿ 193314.25 Pa
kg m
P=193314.25 Pa+759.05 3
(9.81 2 )(8.80 m)
m s
P=219537.2 Pa=219.54 kPa
With 20% excess pressure
219.54 kPa ( 1.2 )=263.44 kPa
Substituting values to the tS equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12 inch

263.44 kPa( )( 4.40 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t S= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)( 0.80)−263.44 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

T S=0.5816∈¿

For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 4-5 the minimum wall thickness would be 13.44 mm [7].

Therefore calculated shell thickness is acceptable

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+50
tS< [B]
120

4.14 m(39.37)+50
0.5<
120

0.5<1.77

Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Radius :

L=D−6∈[ A]
L=( 4.40+2 ( 0.02976 ) ) m¿

L=169.58∈¿

6. Knuckle Raduis

K r=0.06 D [ A ]

¿( 0.2676) ¿

K r=0.2676 m
7. Head and bottom thickness
PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.2676
= =0.066
L 4.05
W = 1.78 [B]
14.7 psi
263.44 kPa( )(159.37∈.)(1.74)
101.325 kPa 1
t h= +
2(12500)(0.8) 4
t h=¿0.8139¿ ¿
t h=20.67 mm

8. Height of Head

D2
H Head=L− L2−
√ 4
[D]

4.40 2
√
H Head=4.31− 4.31 −
4
2

Used H Head=0.6043 m
 9. Total height
Ht=4.40 m+ 2 ( 0.6043 m )=5.6086 m
10. Diameter of Nozzle outlet
Liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s [8].

Q= Av
Kg
7303267
day m3
Q= =9621.59
kg day
759.05 3
m
m3
¿ 0.1114 m
s

m3 π d 2 m
0.1114 =
s 4( )( )
1
s

d=0.3515 m=13.83∈.

11. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
t ¿= [ E]
SE−0.6 P

14.7 psi 0.3766

(80.18 kPa)( )( m)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(80.18 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

Nt=0.0284∈.

Nt=0.7212mm
12. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

Q= Av
Kg
7303267
day m3
Q= =9621.59
kg day
759.05 3
m
 m3
¿ 0.1114 m
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.1114
s
=
4( )(1.15
s )
d=0.3515 m=13.83∈.
13. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
t no= [E ]
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 0.3515
(80.18 kPa)( )( m)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (80.18 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
t no=0.0265∈.

t no=0.6732 mm

14. Manhole

Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)

Reflux Drum 2

Design Calculations:

kg
ρC H6 =813.71 [1]
m3
6

Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
kg
V =¿ 320286.12
day ¿
 kg
D=238780.47
day ¿
kg
L=81505.65
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min[13].

kg
320286.12 (0.006944)
day ¿
V t= =8.20 m3
813.71

with 20% allowance

V t =8.20 m3 ( 1.20 ) =9.84 m3

2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of C 9 H 12∧DIPB Tank=( )( D 2)(2 D)+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
π
9.84 m3 =( )(2 D 3)+( 0.1556)( D 3)
4
D=2.19m
H=2(2.19 m)=4.37 m
H=4.37 m

3. Height of Mixture
V total=8.20 m3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
8.20=( )(4.14 2)(H mixture)+(.0778)( 4.14 3)(2)
4

H Mixture=1.75 m

4. Shell Thickness

PD
t p= +C [ A ]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa[B ]

Su=50 000 psi ( carbon Steel A 285 grade B ) [2]

Fm: 1[3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1 [3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25

S=12500 psi
 efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼ [6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

kg m
P=193314.25 Pa[4 ]+759.05 3
(9.81 2 )(7.07 m)
m s
P=245977.4 Pa=245.98 kPa
With 20
% excess pressure
245.98 kPa ( 1.2 )=295.17 kPa
Substituting values to the ts equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12 inch

295.17 kPa( )(4.14 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t s= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)(0.80)−295.17 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

t s=0.5997∈¿

For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 4-5 the minimum wall thickness would be 13.44 mm [7].

Therefore calculated thickness is acceptable

The calculated shell thickness is acceptable

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+ 50
ts< [B]
120

4.14 m(39.37)+50
0.5<
120

0.5<1.77
 Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Radius :

L=D−6∈[ A]

L=( 2.19+ 2 ( 0.0697 ) ) m¿

L=85.58∈¿

6. Knuckle Raduis

K r=0.06 D [B]

¿( 0.06)¿

K r=0.1396 m
7. Head and bottom thickness
PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.2520
= =0.062
L 4.05
W = 1.78 [B]
14.7 psi
295.17 kPa( )(159.37∈.)(1.78)
101.325 kPa 1
t s= +
2(12500)(0.8) 4
t s=¿ 0.8574¿ ¿
t s=21.78 mm

8. Height of Head

D2
H Head=L− L2−
√ 4
[D]
 2.192
√
H Head=2.17− 2.172−
4

Used H Head=0.295 m

9. Total height
Ht=4.14 m+2 ( 0.295 m ) =4.73 m
10. Diameter of Nozzle outlet
Liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s [8].
Q= Av
Kg
960858.4
day m3
Q= =1180.84
kg day
813.71 3
m
m3
¿ 0.0137 m
s

m3 π d 2 m
0.0137
s
=
4( )( )
1
s

d=0.0119 m=0.4688∈.

11. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
Nt= [ E]
SE−0.6 P

14.7 psi 0.3766

(80.18 kPa)( )( m)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (80.18 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

t no=0.412∈.

t no=10.46 mm

12. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

2 kg
ρV =1000
m s2
 1000
V=
√ 813.71
=1.11 m/s

Q= Av
Kg
960858.4
day m3
Q= =1180.84
kg day
813.71 3
m
m3
¿ 0.0137 m
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.0137
s
= ( )(
4
1.11
s )
d=0.1253 m=4.93∈.
13. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
Nt= [ E]
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 4.93
(10984.21 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(10984.21 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
t ¿=0.3913∈.

t ¿=9.94 mm

14. Manhole

Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)

Reflux drum 3

Design Calculations:

kg
ρ Acetone =948.26 [1]
m3
kg
ρC H12 =801.89 [1]
m3
9
 100
ρave =
x1 x2
+
ρC H
6 6
ρC 9
H 12

100 kg
ρave = =917.25 3 [1]
81.47 18.53 m
+
948.26 801.89
Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
kg
V =2431731
day ¿
kg
D=600427.4
day ¿
kg
L=1831303
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min[13].

kg
2431731 (0.006944)
day ¿
V t= =18.41 m3
917.25

with 20% allowance

V t =18.41 m3 ( 1.20 )=22.09 m 3

2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
 But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of C 9 H 12∧DIPB Tank=( )( D 2)(2 D)+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
π
22.09 m 3=( )(2 D 3)+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
D=2.86 m
H=2( 2.86 m)=5.73 m
H=5.73 m

3. Height of Mixture

V total =18.41 m 3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
18.41 m3 =( )(5.732 )( H mixture)+(.0778)(5.733)(2)
4

H Mixture=7.55 m

4. Shell Thickness

PD
t p= +C [ A ]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa[B ]

Su=50 000 psi ( carbon Steel A 285 grade B ) [2]

 Fm: 1 [3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1 [3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25

S=12500 psi

efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼ [6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

Vp=14639.1114 Pa[4 ]

For Acetone :

Vp=393934.70 Pa [4]
Using Raoult’s Law :
Psolution =Po A X A + P oB X B

Total Vapor Pressure=(393934.70 Pa)(0.8147)+(14639.11 ¿(0.1853)

¿ 307270.7 Pa
kg m
P=307270.7 Pa+917.25 3
(9.81 2 )(8.80 m)
m s
P=307.27 Pa
With 20% excess pressure
P=307.27 ( 1.2 ) =¿ 368.72 k Pa
 Substituting values to the ts equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12 inch

368.72 kPa( )(2.86 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t s= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)(0.80)−368.72 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

t s=0.5523∈¿

For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 2.5-3 m the minimum wall thickness would be 10 mm [7].

Therefore calculated shell thickness is acceptable

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+ 50
ts<
120

2.86 m(39.37)+50
0.5<
120

0.5<1.35

Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Radius :

L=D−6∈[ A]

L=( 2.86+2 ( 0.01403 ) ) m¿

L=107.84 ∈¿

6. Knuckle Radius

K r=0.06 D [ A ]
¿( 0.06)¿

K r=0.1735m
7. Head and bottom thickness
PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.1735
= =0.063
L 2.74
W = 1.78 [B]
14.7 psi
368.72kPa ( )(107.84 ∈.)(1.77)
101.325 kPa 1
t h= +
2(12 500)(0.8) 4
t h=0.7634 ∈¿
t h=19.39 mm

8. Height of Head

D2
√
H Head=L− L − [D]
4
2

2.86 2
√
H Head=2.74− 2.74 2−
4

Used H Head=0.40 m

9. Total height
Ht=2.86 m+2 ( 0.40 m )=3.66 m
10. Diameter of Nozzle outlet
Liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s[8].
Q= Av
Kg
2431731
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25 3
m
 m3
¿ 0.031 m
s

m3 π d 2 m
0.031
s
=( )( )
4
1.2
s

d=0.1977 m=7.78∈.

11. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
t no= [E ]
SE−0.6 P

14.7 psi 7.78

(368.72kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (368.72 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

Nt=0.0209∈.

Nt=0.5304 mm
12. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

ρV 2=1000 [8]

1000
V=
√ 917.25
=1.04 m/ s

Q= Av
Kg
2431731
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25 3
m
m3
¿ 0.031 m
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.031
s
=( )(
4
1.04
s )
d=0.1934 m=7.6155∈.
 13. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
Nt= [ E]
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 7.6155
(368.72 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(368.72 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
t ¿=0.0204∈.

t ¿=0.519 mm

14. Manhole

Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)

Reflux Drum 4

Design Calculations:

kg
ρ Acetone =1010.63 [1]
m3
kg
ρC H12 =834.41 [1]
m3
9

100
ρave =
x1 x2
+
ρC H
6 6
ρC 9
H 12

100 kg
ρave = =1008.5
99 1 m3
+
1010.63 834.41
Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
 kg
V =526094.3
day ¿
kg
D=442467.9
day ¿
kg
L=83626.45
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min[13].

kg
526094.3 (0.006944)
day ¿
V t= =3.62 m 3
kg
1008.5 3
m

with 20% allowance

V t =3.62 m3 ( 1.20 )=4.35 m3

2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of C 9 H 12∧DIPB Tank=( )( D 2)(2 D)+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
π
4.35 m 3=( )(2 D 3 )+(0.1556)( D 3 )
4
D=1.67 m
H=2( 1.57 m)=3.33 m
H=3.33 m
 3. Height of Mixture

V total=3.62 m 3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
3.62 m3 =( )(1.672 )(H mixture )+(.0778)(1.673 )(2)
4

H Mixture=1.33 m

4. Shell Thickness

PD
t s= + C[ A]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa ¿

Su=50 000 psi ( carbon Steel A 285 grade B ) [2]

Fm: 1 [3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1[3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25
S=12500 psi

efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼[6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

Vp=3012.90 Pa[4 ]

For Acetone :

Vp=94136.56 Pa[ 4]
Using Raoult’s Law :
Psolution =Po A X A + P oB X B

Total Vapor Pressure=(94136.56 Pa)(0.99)+(3012.90 ¿(0.01)

¿ 93225.32 Pa
kg m
P=93225.32 Pa+1008.5 3
(9.81 2 )(3.33 m)
m s
P=106.41 Pa
With 20% excess pressure
P=106.41 ( 1.2 )=¿ 127.69 k Pa

Substituting values to the ts equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12 inch

127.69 kPa( )(1.57 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t s= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)(0.80)−127.69 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

t s=0.3108∈¿
 For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 1-2 m the minimum wall thickness would be 7 mm [7].

Therefore calculated shell thickness is acceptable

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+ 50
ts< [B]
120

1.67 m(39.37)+ 50
0.5<
120

0.5< 0.9646

Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Radius :

L=D−6∈[ A]

L=( 1.67 +2 ( 0.3108 ) ) m¿

L=61.9∈¿

6. Knuckle Radius

K r=0.06 D [ A ]

¿( 0.06)( ( 2.86 ))+ ( 1.67+2 ( 0.3108 ) ) m

K r=0.1035m
7. Head and bottom thickness
PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.1035
= =0.066
L 1.57
W = 1.78 [B]
 14.7 psi
127.69 kPa( )(107.84∈.)(1.74 )
101.325 kPa 1
t h= +
2(12 500)(0.8) 4
t h=0.3521∈¿
t h=8.94 mm

8. Height of Head

D2
H Head=L− L2−
√ 4
[D]

1.672
H Head=1.57− 1.572−
√ 4

Used H Head=0.24∈.

9. Diameter of Nozzle outlet

Liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s [8].

Q= Av
Kg
2431731
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25 3
m
m3
¿ 0.031 m
s

m3 π d 2 m
0.031
s
=( )( )
4
1
s

d=0.0877 m=3.45∈.

10. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
t no= [E ]
SE−0.6 P
 14.7 psi 7.78
(368.72kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (368.72 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

Nt=0.0032∈.

Nt=0.0813 mm
11. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

ρV 2=1000 [8 ]

1000
V=
√ 1008
=1.04 m/s

Q= Av
Kg
2431731
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25 3
m
m3
¿ 127.9
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.0279
s
=
4( )(1.04
s )
d=0.1934 m=7.6155∈.
12. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
Nt= ¿
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 7.6155
(127 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(1272 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
t ¿=0.032∈.

t ¿=0.0815 mm

13. Manhole
Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)

Reflux Drum 5

Design Calculations:

kg
ρ Acetone =1010.63 [1]
m3
kg
ρC H12 =834.41 [1]
m3
9

100
ρave =
x1 x2
+
ρC H
6 6
ρC 9
H 12

100 kg
ρave = =1008.5 3
59.64 40.36 m
+
834.41 1010.63
Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
kg
V =52004.94
day ¿
kg
D=47449.77
day ¿
kg
L=4555.175
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min[13].

kg
52004.94 (0.006944 )
day ¿
V t= =0.358 m3
kg
1008.5 3
m

with 20% allowance

 V t =0.359 m3 ( 1.20 ) =0.43 m3

2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of Mixture∈the Tank=( )( D 2)(2 D)+(0.1556)( D 3 )
4
π
0.43 m 3=( )(2 D 3 )+(0.1556)(D 3 )
4
D=0.77 m
H=2( 0.77 m)=1.54 m
H=1.54 m

3. Height of Mixture

V total =0.358m 3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
0.358 m 3=( )( 0.772)( H mixture )+(.0778)(0.773 )(2)
4

H Mixture=0.62
 4. Shell Thickness

PD
t s= + C[ A]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa [ B ]

Su=50 000 psi ( carbon Steel A 285 grade B ) [2]

Fm: 1 [3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1 [3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25

S=12500 psi

efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼ [6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

Benzene

Vp=3012.90 Pa[4 ]
 For Acetone:

Vp=41937.97 Pa[4]

Using Raoult’s Law :

Psolution =Po A X A + P oB X B

Total Vapor Pressure=(3012.90 Pa)(0.99)+(3012.90 ¿(0.01)

¿ 93225.32 Pa
kg m
P=93225.32 Pa+1008.5 3
(9.81 2 )(1.54 m)
m s
P=99.32 Pa
With 20% excess pressure
P=99.32 ( 1.2 )=¿ 119.19 k Pa

Substituting values to the ts equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12inch

119.19 kPa( )(0.77 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t s= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)(0.80)−119.19 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

t s=0.2762∈¿

For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 1-2 m the minimum wall thickness would be 7 mm [7]

Therefore calculated shell thickness is acceptable

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+ 50
ts<
120
 1.67 m(39.37)+ 50
0.5<
120

0.5< 0.9646

Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Raduis :

L=D−6∈[ A]

L=( 0.77+2(.02976) ) m¿

L=26.66∈¿

6. Knuckle Raduis

K r=0.06 D [ A ]

¿( 0.06)( ( 0.77 ) )+ ( +2 ( 0.02976 ) ) m

K r=0.0498m

7. Head and bottom thickness

PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.0498
= =0.073
L 0.68
W = 1.78 [B]
14.7 psi
119.19 kPa( )(26.66∈.)(1.73)
101.325 kPa 1
t h= +
2(12500)(0.8) 4
t h=0.2910∈¿
t h=7.39 mm
 8. Height of Head

D2
H Head=L− L2−
√ 4
[D]

(1.67)2
√
H Head=0.68− 0.6882−
4

Used H Head=0.1201m

9. Diameter of Nozzle outlet

Liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s [8].

Q= Av
Kg
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25
m3
m3
¿ 0.031 m
s

m3 π d 2 m
0.031
s
=( )( )
4
1
s

d=0.0877 m=3.45∈.

10. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
t no= [E ]
SE−0.6 P

14.7 psi 7.78

(368.72kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (368.72 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

Nt=0.0032∈.
Nt=0.0813 mm
11. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

ρV 2=1000 [8 ]

1000
V=
√ 1008.5
=1.04 m/s

Q= Av
Kg
2431731
day m3
Q= =2651.12
kg day
917.25 3
m
m3
¿ 127.9
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.0279
s
=
4( )(1.04
s )
d=0.1934 m=7.6155∈.
12. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
t ¿= [ E]
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 1.0876
(119.19 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(119.19 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
Nt=0.0009∈.

Nt=0.0239 mm

13. Manhole

Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)

Reflux Drum 6
Design Calculations:

kg
ρ Phenol=779.34 [1]
m3
kg
ρCumene hydroperoxice =1069.00 [1]
m3

100
ρave =
x1 x2
+
ρC H
6 6
ρC 9
H 12

100 kg
ρave = =1065.04
1 99 m3
+
779.64 834.41
Mass Flowrates:
From over all material balance:
kg
V =3433941
day ¿
kg
D=102109.5
day ¿
kg
L=3331832
day ¿
1. Volume of the tank
Holding time 10min.

kg
3433941 (0.006944)
day ¿
V t= =22.39 m3
kg
1008.5 3
m

with 20% allowance

V t =22.39 m 3 ( 1.20 )=26.87 m3

 2. Diameter of the Tank

Using torispherical head for top and bottom:

Volume of Tank =V Cylinder+V Head(2)
V torispherical head =(.0778)(D3 )
π
V cylinder =( )( D 2)(H )
4
π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4
But H = 2D (Commonly used ratio storage tank)
π
Volume of Mixture Tank=( )( D 2 )(2 D)+(0.1556)( D 3)
4
π
26.87 m 3=( )(2 D 3 )+(0.1556)( D 3 )
4
D=3.06 m
H=2(3.06 m)=6.11 m
H=6.11 m

3. Height of Mixture

V total =22.39 m 3

For Height of C 6 H 6

π
V total=( )(D 2)( H )+(.0778)( D 3 )(2)
4

π
22.39 m 3=( )(1.67 2)( H mixture )+(.0778)(1.673 )(2)
4

H Mixture=2.45 mm
 4. Shell Thickness

PD
t s= + C[ A]
2 Se−P

P=Vapor Pressure+ ρgH

For S max allowable working pressure

S=Su x Fm x Fs x Fr x Fa[B ]

Su=50 000 psi(carbon Steel A 285 grade B)[2]

Fm: 1 [3]

Fs : 0.25 [3]

Fr :1 [3]

Fa: 1 [3]

S=50000 x 1 x 0.25

S=12500 psi

efficiency for double butt joint = 80% [5]

For corrosion Allowance : ¼ [6]

For Working Pressure(P)=Vapor pressure+ ρgh

For Cumene hydroperoxide :

Using DWSIM Vp = 149039 Pa
For Phenol :

Vp=68033.26 Pa[4 ]
Using Raoult’s Law :
 Psolution =Po A X A + P oB X B

Total Vapor Pressure=(149039 Pa)(0.99)+(68033.26 ¿(0.01)

¿ 68843.32 Pa
kg m
P=68843.32 Pa+1065.04 3
(9.81 2 )(2.45m)
m s
P=94400.06 Pa
¿ 94.40 kPa
With 20% excess pressure
P=94.40 (1.2 ) =¿ 113.28 k Pa

Substituting values to the ts equation

14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12inch

113.28 kPa( )(3.06 m)( )( )
101.325 kPa 1m 1 ft 1
t s= +
14.7 psi 4
2(12500)(0.80)−113.28 kPa( )
101.325 kPa

t s=0.3489∈¿

For a vessel; with an inside diameter of 3-3.5 m the minimum wall thickness would be 12 mm [7]

Therefore 12mm thickness will be used.

To check if the stress relieving is needed;

D+ 50
ts< [B]
120

3.06 m(39.37)+ 50
0.5<
120

0.5<1.42

Therefore stress relieving is not needed .

5. Crown Raduis :
L=D−6∈[ A]

L=( 3.06+2 ( 0.012 )) m ¿

L=115.28 ∈¿

6. Knuckle Raduis

K r=0.06 D [ A ]

¿( 0.06) ( 1.67+ 2 ( 0. .012 ) ) m

K r=0.1848m

7. Head and bottom thickness

PLW
t h= [C ]
2 SE
where:
Kr 0.1035
= =0.066
L 1.57
W = 1.78 [B]
14.7 psi
94.40 kPa( )(115.28∈.)(1.74)
101.325 kPa 1
t h= +
2(12 500)(0.8) 4
t h=0.0071∈¿
t h=0.1793 mm

8. Height of Head

D2
H Head=L− L2−
√ 4
[D]

1.672
H Head=1.57− 1.57 −
√ 4
2

Used H Head=0.24∈.
 9. Diameter of Nozzle outlet
iquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of 1m/s [8]

Kg
3433941
day m3
=.0373
kg s
1065.0415 3
m

m3 π d 2 m
0.031
s
=( )( )
4
1
s

d=0.0877 m=3.45∈.

10. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) outlet

PR
Nt= [ E]
SE−0.6 P

14.7 psi 3.45

(94.40 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t no=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 )−0.6 (94.40 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa

t no=0.0071 n .

t no=0.1793 mm

11. Diameter of Nozzle inlet

ρV 2=1000 [8]

1000
V=
√ 1065.04
=0.969 m/s

Q= Av
 Kg
3433941
day m3
Q= =.0373
kg s
1065.0415 3
m
m3
¿ 127.9
s
m3 π d 2 m
0.0279 =
s 4 ( )(
1.04
s )
d=0.1934 m=7.6155∈.
12. Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet
PR
Nt= [ E]
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 7.6155
(94.40 kPa)( )( ∈.)
101.325 kPa 2
t ¿=
14.7 psi
( 12500 psi ) ( 0.80 ) −0.6(94.40 kPa)( )
101.325 kPa
t ¿=0.032∈.

t ¿=0.0815 mm

13. Manhole

Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)