249105281.

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SECTION B: Short Answers
BOOKLET 2 (Questions 31 to 36)
31 (a)
Endoplasmic etic!l!m watch spelling (-1 if incorrect) OR
or "esicles (spelling not important) (2) (2)
(6)
(#)
$%P & P o adenosine dip'osp'ate & p'osp'ate (2)
(otes) if ATP appears in answer = no marks
if other compounds added to equation (e.g. glucose) = -
(2)
(c)
*itoc'ondia lin+ed ,it' eneg- /$.P
(2)

or eneg- lin+ed ,it' acti"e tanspot
(1)
(2) (2)
32 (a)
decomposes and/o sapotop's and/o detiti"oes
(2)
(2)
f!ngi and/o #acteia and/o mico#es (/1 onl-)
(2) (6)
(#)
$cti"it-) 0!ning/com#!stion
(2)
or %efoestation
(2)
or an- !ti"it# t'at
affects t'e ca#on c-cle
E1planation) Consistent ,it' acti"it-)
m!st mention C2
2
and e1plain how C22 conti#!tes to t'is effect
(2)

e.g. 3defoestation ed!ces t'e remo!al of C2
2
fom t'e atmosp'ee4
($)
33(a) $n- .52 of t'e follo,ing feat!es) (1 ma+ eac')
t'in (1 cell t'ic+)
pemea#le
moist
"asc!laised (good #lood s!ppl-)
lage s!face aea (lage 6.$.)"ol atio)
(2)
(1%)
(#)(i) incease concentation &rdient of 2
2

(2)

incease t'e diff!sion ate/speed/efficienc- (of o1-gen)
(2)

(moe o1-gen/ 'ig'e concentation of 2
2
or diff!ses moe easil-/moe 2
2
in t'e
#lood / 1 onl-)
or l!ngs 'a"e t'ei efficienc- ed!ced 7 2
2
ic' ai compensates fo t'is
(2)

($)

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(#)(ii)
loo+ fo t,o distinct #enefits to societ( or one ,it' ela#oation
some s!ggestions) decease financial #!den on 'ealt' s-stem
allo, 'ealt' s-stem to foc!s on ot'e diseases
incease pod!cti"it- #- ed!cing lost time in sic+ lea"e
reference to less smoking = & ()neutral* answer)
($)
34 (a)
fo! or 4 (2) (2)
(1%)
(#)
diagram+ look for+ c'omatids) t,o s'o,n on eac' c'omosome
n!m#e) t,o c'omosomes s'o,n
si8e) one lage 7 one small c'omosome
($99 .'ee / 3)

(:f one of t'ese feat!es missing / 8eo fo ;!estion)
colo!) at least lage c<some da+
(1)
(4)
a diagam li+e t'is / (2)
($)
(c) (i)
cossing o"e
(2)
or
independent/andom assotment
(2)
or
m!tation
(2)

(2)
(c) (ii) 9oo+ fo eit'e =,'at 'appens in t'e pocess (e.g. gene s,apping) or
= t'e result of t'e pocess > e.g. ne, com#inations of genes
e.g.
it po"ides a ne, mi1 of genes on t'e c'omosomes (?@ing o"e) or
it po"ides a ne, mi1 of c'omosomes
On'# i( in (!) (i) )uttion is stted !n the ide o( new &eneti! )teri' &in
)r*s in this +uestion,
(2)
35 (a)
comm!nit- / comm!nities
(2)
(2)
(12)
(#)
it p'-sicall- sepaates t'e gene pools (t'ee#- epod!cti"el- and geneticall-
isolating t'e pop!lations)
(,ook for the idea of populations isolated from each other)
(2)
(c)
%esciption of allopatic speciation)
selection pess!es ae diffeent in eac' egionA some indi"id!als #ette adapted
(1)
(andom) m!tations ,ill aise in eac' (isolated) pop!lation
(1)

genetic "aiation inceases #et,een gene pools
(1)

epod!cti"e isolation ('ence speciation) occ!s ,'en genetic "aiation is geat
(1)

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(d)
nat!al 'a#itat po"ides all needs of species
(2)
or
emo"al fom 'a#itat ma- mean t'at one (o moe) en"ionmental facto is
o"eloo+ed
(2)
and
eso!ces po"ided #- t'e 'a#itat incl!de foodB s'elteB etc.
(2)

lo,e selection pess!es on species as alead- adapted to o,n en"ionment
($)
3C(a)
0iotic (li"ing) an( one
(2)
) competitionB pedationB foodB disease
$#iotic (non@li"ing) an( one
(2)
) .empeat!eA '!midit-A lig't le"elsA ,indB
climateB ,eat'eB etc.
($)
(16)
(#)
epeat
(1)
t'e e1peiment !sing e@cali#ated e;!ipment o ne, e;!ipment
(1)

i.e. epeatB and t'en ,'at one is loo+ing fo ,'en epeating t'e e1peiment
(2)
(c)
gap') loo+ fo) acc!atel- plotted points
(1)

smoot' c!"es
(1)

+e- o la#el fo eac' gap'
(1)
-A. / 6 )r*s
$1es) scales e"en 7 appopiate
(1)

scales named ,it' !nits
(1)

time on ?@a1isA fe;!enc- on D@a1is
(1)

c!"es do not e1tend #e-ond mont' 1 o mot' C (i.e if 2
la#elled on 1@a1isB gap's s'o!ld not #e da,n to!c'ing D@
a1is.)
(1)

0edu!t one )r* (u1 to 6) (or e!h error or o)ission
(6)
(d)
*ec'anism 1) temporal (-reeding times different)
(2)

*ec'anism 2) different ha-itats (grass !s forest)
(2)

($)
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