Ti ch mt ng nha tit kim, hiu qu

Cp nht, 06:52, Th Ba, 12/11/2013 (GMT+7)

T nhng nm 1915 vic s dng mt ng nha ti ch (RAP - Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement) c cp. Nhng phi
n nhng nm 1970 vn lin quan n kinh t v mi trng ny thc y pht trin cng ngh sn xut b tng nha
(BTN) c pha ch RAP.

Trm trn m c thit k ph hp cho cng ngh ti ch ti trm
ca BMT

T nhu cu thc tin
Nhng nghin cu v cc vn kinh t v mi trng thc y nn cng nghip ti ch thp, nhm, cht do v cc loi vt liu
khc. Trong s , mt ng nha l mt trong nhng loi vt liu c th ti ch c cc nh nghin cu v u t trn th gii a
vo ng dng rng ri. Theo nh nghin cu Taylor, mt ng nha ti ch (RAP) c cp n t nm 1915 nhng n khng
c ph bin rng ri. n nm 1970, nhu cu s dng RAP tr nn thit thc do s gia tng gi thnh ca nha ng v s khan
him ca vt liu . Nhng vn lin quan n kinh t v mi trng ny thc y pht trin cng ngh sn xut b tng nha
(BTN) c pha ch RAP[1].
Theo thng k ca nh nghin cu John Sullivan, vo nhng nm 70 ca th k 20 c khong 10 triu tn RAP ( 33%) c s
dng, cho php gim ng k gi thnh ca BTN m vn tha mn cc c tnh v ch tiu k thut[2]. Nh nghin cu Decker lit k 5
phng php s dng RAP: Ti ch ngui ti trm, ti ch nng ti trm, ti ch ngui ti ch, ti ch nng ti ch, khi phc RAP[3].
Trn thc t th phng php cui cng hu nh khng c s dng. Trong 4 phng php cn li, mi phng php u mang nhng
u, nhc im khc nhau. Vic la chn phng php thch hp cn phi c bit quan tm n iu kin c th ti ni p dng.

Sn lng BTN ti ch ti mt vi quc gia trn th gii
* Cng ngh ti ch nng ti trm: y l cng ngh ti ch BTN ph bin nht trn th gii v hin nay c xem nh l phng
php ti ch tiu chun. Cht lng BTN ti ch tng ng nh BTN truyn thng, th hin cc c tnh chng ln, chng nt,
chng mi v cc nh hng ca thi tit. Thm ch theo mt s nghin cu khoa hc BTN ti ch nng cn vt tri hn hn BTN
truyn thng v kh nng khng nc. Cng ngh ny cho php s dng RAP vi hm lng ti a cao nht ln n 100% ty thuc
vo cu to trm trn v cht lng RAP. Ti ch nng ti trm bao gm cc bc: Co bc mt ng c, tn tr ti trm, trn vi
vt liu mi ti trm, thi cng. Trong cng ngh ti ch nng RAP c gia nhit trc tip bng l rang ring.
* Cng ngh ti ch ngui ti trm: Tng t nh cng ngh ti ch nng ti trm, ch khc c im v cch thc truyn nhit
cho RAP. Trong cng ngh ti ch ngui ny RAP c gia nhit gin tip thng qua nhit lng ca ct liu mi. Cht lng ca
BTN ti ch theo cng ngh ny cng tng ng vi BTN truyn thng v cc c tnh k trn. Cng ngh ny cho php s dng
RAP vi hm lng ti a cao nht ln n 50% ty thuc vo cu to trm trn v cht lng RAP. Ti ch ngui ti trm bao gm
cc bc: Co bc mt ng c, tn tr ti trm, trn vi vt liu mi ti trm, thi cng.
* Cng ngh ti ch nng ti ch: Cng ngh ny c pht trin mnh m trong nhng thp nin trc mc d vic ng dng gp
nhiu hn ch. Li ch ca cng ngh ny l tit kim chi ph vn chuyn v tn tr RAP. Tuy nhin hn ch ln nht ca cng ngh l
khng lm thay i g trong cht lng mt ng. i vi mt ng c kt cu khng chun, bm dnh km hoc cn nng cp, t ng
kh nng thot nc th cng ngh ny khng phi l s la chn thch hp. V mt a l, cng ngh ny thch hp trong cng tc sa
cha ti lp cc mt ng khu vc vng su, vng xa - nhng ni khng thch hp lp trm trn. Nh vy, khi c trm trn hoc
ni tin li lp trm th vic ng dng cng ngh ti ch ti trm li tit kim chi ph u t v m bo cc c tnh k thut vt
tri hn hn ti ch ti ch. Cng ngh ny bao gm cc bc: Gia nhit mt ng c, nghin vt liu, ti ch bng ph gia, trn v
thm li.
* Cng ngh ti ch ngui ti ch: Tng t nh ti ch nng ti ch v cch thc v qu trnh ti ch, ch khc nhau ch i vi
cng ngh ny RAP khng c gia nhit m s dng cc loi ph gia khc nhau (nh tng, bitum bt,) lin kt vt liu v hnh
thnh cng . Cng ngh ny gm cc bc: Nghin mt ng c, trn vi cht ti sinh v vt liu mi, thm li.


(-) Khng c d liu

Cng ngh no l u vit?
Nh vy, la chn phng php ti ch thch hp cho tng iu kin chng ta cn phi cn nhc nhiu yu t: a l, k thut, kinh
t, nhn lc ng thi cng nn tham kho tnh hnh s dng ca cc nc bn. Theo thng k ca Hip hi ng nha chu u
(Europe Asphalt Pavement Association) nm 2011, ti cc quc gia tin tin th lng RAP c s dng vi khi lng rt ln, ln
n trn 70% (Nht Bn), 85% (Canada) trn tng sn lng mt ng nha ton quc. Trong cc cng ngh th vic la chn cng
ngh ti ch nng ti trm lun c chn hng u, chim a phn trong tng sn lng ti ch. Ti Australia, M, c, Canada trn
80% ti ch s dng cng ngh ti ch nng.
Theo bo co ca Cc giao thng Minnesota (Minnesota Department of Transportaion), cng ngh ti ch nng BTN ti trm l
phng php c dng ph bin v mang li hiu qu cao nht nh nhng u im sau[4]: Kim sot tt cht lng BTN nh sn
xut BTN nha thng thng; Tit kim chi ph t 20 - 30%; Khng lng ph ti nguyn v nha; Khng gy nhim mi trng.
Theo thng k ca Tp on Shell hin nay c 80 - 90% mt ng BTN c a vo ti ch ti cc nc: c, M, B, H Lan,
Luxembourg; 50 - 60% ti Trung Quc, Slovenia, Thy in, Thy S v an Mch. Trong qu trnh ti ch khong t 20 - 35% RAP
c a vo trn vi hn hp BTN mi. Hin nay c nhiu cng ngh trm trn ti chu u, Nht Bn cho php ti ch vi
hm lng RAP ln n 100%. Cng ngh ti ch nng BTN ti trm trn th gii bc vo giai on thng mi t nhng thp
nin cui ca th k XX. Nm 2006, ti c, Luxembourg, H Lan lng BTN c cha RAP c sn xut ra chim n 90% tng
lng BTN ton quc.
Cng ngh ti ch nng BTN ti trm cng nh phng php thit k hn hp BTN c cha RAP hin nay khng cn l b mt
thuc bt k c quan, quc gia no. Ti chu u, trn 95% cc trm sn xut BTN c thit k c th s dng RAP theo cng ngh
ti ch nng. Phng php thit k RAP c th c tm thy d dng trong nhiu ti liu m trn Internet. Ph bin nht l phng
php thit k Superpave theo John Bukowski. Nm 2001, da theo phng php ca Bukowski, Vin nghin cu Giao thng Quc gia
M (Transportation research board - Nation Research Council) a ra tiu chun v thit k BTN c cha RAP. Nm 2002, Cc
giao thng Minnesota ban hnh tiu chun thit k RAP theo c phng php Superpave v Marshall/Hveem[4]. Chu u ban hnh
tiu chun k thut EN 13108-8 dnh cho BTN cha RAP nm 2005. Tiu chun ngnh sn xut BTN ca New Zealand TNZ M/10:
2005 cng c a ra yu cu v ch tiu k thut cho RAP. Ngoi ra qua qu trnh nghin cu v th nghim mt vi con ng tiu
bang Florida, nhm cc nh nghin cu Sungho Kim, Thomas Byron, Gregory A. Sholar, Jaeseoung Kim thuc S Giao thng Florida
cng cng b tiu chun thit k BTN cha RAP REV 1-17-2, FA 2-6-12 trong bng bo co nm 2007.
Mc d cng ngh ti ch pht trin mnh m cc nc trn th gii, tuy nhin cng ngh ny vn cn l iu mi l i vi nc
ta.Trong qu trnh khai thc do chu tc dng ca ti trng trng phc cng nh chu nh hng ca cc iu kin mi trng nn
khng trnh khi h hng v n mt thi im no cn phi tin hnh nng cp, tng cng. Gii php x l ca nc ta hin nay
l co b lp b tng nha c v thay th bng lp b tng nha mi hoc ph chng thm mt lp b tng nha mi ln lp mt
ng c. Theo tnh hnh thc t, lng vt liu co bc ca mt ng c hin nay nc ta hu nh cha c ti s dng li v tr
thnh rc thi cng nghip, to gnh nng cho mi trng. Cc gii php ny a n nhiu bt li cho kinh t v mi trng: lng ph
vt liu, nhim mi trng, cn kit ti nguyn v nha
[1] Taylor, N. H., Life Expectancy of Recycled Asphalt Paving, Recycling of
Bituminous Pavements, L.E. Wood, ed., ASTM STP 662, American Society of
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1978, pp. 3-15.

[2] Sullivan, J., Pavement Recycling Executive Summary and Report, FHWA-
SA-95-060, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., March 1996.

[3] Decker, D. S., State of the Practice for use of RAP in Hot Mix Asphalt,
Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Volume 66, 1997,
pp. 704.

[4] Michael S. Sondag, Bruce A. Chadbourn, Andrew Drescher. Investigation of
recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures. Minnesota Department of
Transportation. Final report 2002. 94 p.

TS. V i T
Trng b phn R&D Cng ty C phn u t Xy dng BMT