Tự học PHP lập trình web

T hc PHP
lp trnh web
MC LC
MC LC ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Chng 1: Quy trnh thit k website ............................................................................................... 6
I.
Cc khi nim c bn ....................................................................................................... 6
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn ........................... 6
2. Ngn ng lp trnh Web ....................................................................................................... 7
3. WebServer trnh ch Web.................................................................................................. 7
4. Database server Trnh ch CSDL ....................................................................................... 7
5. Web browser-Trnh duyt Web............................................................................................. 7
6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)- Ti nguyn trn Internet ................................................. 7
7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- Giao thc truyn siu vn bn .................................... 8
8. C ch Web.......................................................................................................................... 8
II.
Quy trnh thit k website ................................................................................................. 9
1. Xc nh mc ch, yu cu ca website ............................................................................... 9
2. Xc nh c gi ................................................................................................................... 9
3. Thit k giao din Website ................................................................................................... 9
4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca Website .................................................................................... 11
III.
Mt s nguyn tc khi pht trin website. ....................................................................... 11
Chng 2: Gii thiu v ngn ng HTML ..................................................................................... 16
I. Khi nim c bn v html ....................................................................................................... 16
1. HTML l g? ...................................................................................................................... 16
2. Th HTML ......................................................................................................................... 16
3. Cn g to mt trang web ............................................................................................... 16
II. Cc th nh cu trc ti liu .................................................................................................. 16
1. Th html ............................................................................................................................. 16
2. Th head............................................................................................................................. 17
3. Th title .............................................................................................................................. 17
4. Th body ............................................................................................................................ 17
III. Cc th nh dng khi ......................................................................................................... 18
1. Th nh dng khi vn bn <p>......................................................................................... 18
2. Cc th nh dng mc h1/h2/h3/h4/h5/h6 ..................................................................... 18
3. Th xung dng <br> ......................................................................................................... 19
4. Th pre v th <div> .......................................................................................................... 19
IV. Cc th nh dng danh sch ................................................................................................ 19
V. Cc th nh dng k t ......................................................................................................... 20
1. Cc th nh dng in k t .................................................................................................. 20
2. Cn l vn bn trong trang Web.......................................................................................... 21
3. Cc k t c bit ............................................................................................................... 21
4. S dng mu sc trong thit k cc trang Web .................................................................... 21
5. Chn kiu ch cho vn bn................................................................................................. 23
6. Khi nim vn bn siu lin kt .......................................................................................... 23
7. a ch tng i................................................................................................................ 24
8. Kt ni mailto..................................................................................................................... 25
9. V mt ng thng nm ngang ......................................................................................... 25
VI. Cc th chn m thanh, hnh nh .......................................................................................... 25
1. Gii thiu ........................................................................................................................... 25
2. a m thanh vo mt ti liu HTML ................................................................................ 27
3. Chn mt hnh nh, mt on video vo ti liu HTML ...................................................... 27
VII. Cc th nh dng bng biu .............................................................................................. 28
VIII. FORM ............................................................................................................................... 29

2. Hp nhp vn bn 1 dng (Oneline Textbox) ...................................................................... 30
3. Radio Button ...................................................................................................................... 30
4. Checkbox ........................................................................................................................... 30
5. Nt lnh (Button) ............................................................................................................... 31
6. Combo Box (Drop-down menu) ......................................................................................... 31
7. Listbox ............................................................................................................................... 32
8. Hp nhp vn bn nhiu dng (TextArea) .......................................................................... 32
IX. Mt s th c bit ............................................................................................................... 34
1. Th <meta> ........................................................................................................................ 34
2. Th <marquee> .................................................................................................................. 36
3. Th <style> ........................................................................................................................ 36
4. Th <link>.......................................................................................................................... 37
5. Th <script> ....................................................................................................................... 37
Chng 3: Thit k CSS ................................................................................................................ 38
I.
Gii thiu v CSS ........................................................................................................... 38
II.
C php .......................................................................................................................... 39
1. nh dng thuc tnh th html............................................................................................. 39
2. nh dng mt kiu mi ..................................................................................................... 39
3. nh dng ngay trong th html ........................................................................................... 41
III.
S dng css trong ti liu HTML .................................................................................... 41
1. CSS c khai bo trong mt tp tin ring.......................................................................... 41
2. nh dng ngay trn ti liu html ........................................................................................ 41
IV.
Mt s thuc tnh thng dng ....................................................................................... 42
1. nh kiu nn ..................................................................................................................... 42
2. nh kiu ch ..................................................................................................................... 44
3. nh kiu font .................................................................................................................... 45
4. CSS Link ............................................................................................................................ 48
5. nh kiu danh sch ........................................................................................................... 49
6. nh kiu bng ................................................................................................................... 50
7. Thuc tnh Id v class ca th ............................................................................................. 55
8. M hnh hp ....................................................................................................................... 57
Chng 4: Gii thiu ngn ng kch bn Javascript ....................................................................... 64
I.
Gii thiu v Javascript .................................................................................................. 64
II.
Ngn ng javascript........................................................................................................ 64
1. Chn m lnh javascript vo trong ti liu HTML ........................................................... 64
2. Li ch thch .................................................................................................................. 65
3. Bin v cch xut thng tin ln trnh duyt ..................................................................... 65
4. Cc php ton ................................................................................................................. 66
5. Cu lnh r nhnh If...Else .............................................................................................. 68
6. Cu lnh la chn Switch ............................................................................................... 70
7. nh ngha hm .............................................................................................................. 71
8. Hp thng bo ................................................................................................................ 71
9. Cu lnh lp For ............................................................................................................. 73
10.
Cu lnh lp While ..................................................................................................... 73
11.
Cu lnh lp For...In ................................................................................................... 75
12.
S kin trong Javascript .............................................................................................. 76
13.
Cu lnh Try...Catch ................................................................................................... 76
14.
Cu lnh Throw .......................................................................................................... 77
15.
K t c bit Text ..................................................................................................... 78
III.
i tng trong javascrip ............................................................................................... 79
1. i tng String ............................................................................................................. 79

2. i tng Date ............................................................................................................... 79
3. i tng Array ............................................................................................................. 80
4. i tng Math .............................................................................................................. 81
Chng 5: Ngn ng PHP ............................................................................................................. 82
I.
Tng quan v PHP .......................................................................................................... 82
1. C php PHP .................................................................................................................. 82
2. Xut gi tr ra trnh duyt ................................................................................................ 82
3. Li ch thch .................................................................................................................. 83
4. Bin trong PHP............................................................................................................... 83
5. Hng ............................................................................................................................... 86
6. Kiu d liu .................................................................................................................... 87
7. Cc ton t ..................................................................................................................... 89
8. Cc hm kim tra gi tr.................................................................................................. 91
II.
Cu lnh iu khin ........................................................................................................ 95
1. Cu lnh r nhnh If...Else .............................................................................................. 95
2. Cu lnh la chn switch ................................................................................................ 96
3. Cu lnh lp ................................................................................................................... 97
4. S dng break v continue trong cu trc lp .................................................................. 98
5. Kiu mng ...................................................................................................................... 99
III.
Xy dng hm trong PHP ............................................................................................. 104
1. Hm do ngi dng nh ngha ..................................................................................... 104
2. Hm trong th vin hm ............................................................................................... 105
IV.
Biu mu form.............................................................................................................. 114
1. c im form.............................................................................................................. 114
2. Biu mu s dng phng thc $_POST ...................................................................... 114
3. Biu mu s dng phng thc $_GET ........................................................................ 116
Chng 6: Hng i tng trong PHP ....................................................................................... 117
I.
Khi nim ..................................................................................................................... 117
II.
To lp ......................................................................................................................... 117
III.
S dng lp .................................................................................................................. 118
IV.
K tha ......................................................................................................................... 120
Chng 7: To web ng ............................................................................................................. 121
I.
S dng tp tin dng chung .......................................................................................... 121
1. REQUIRE ........................................................................................................................ 121
2. INCLUDE ........................................................................................................................ 123
II.
M tp tin v th mc ................................................................................................... 124
1. Tp tin .............................................................................................................................. 124
2. Th mc ........................................................................................................................... 128
III.
Upload tp tin ln server. .............................................................................................. 130
1. Gii thiu ......................................................................................................................... 130
2. Cc bc upload file......................................................................................................... 130
IV.
PHP Cookies ................................................................................................................ 131
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 131
2. Khai bo cookie................................................................................................................ 132
3. S dng cookie ................................................................................................................. 132
4. Hy cookie ....................................................................................................................... 132
V.
PHP Sessions ................................................................................................................ 133
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 133
2. Cch thc hot ng ......................................................................................................... 133
3. Khi ng Session............................................................................................................ 133
4. t k Session .................................................................................................................. 133

5. S dng Session ............................................................................................................... 134
6. Hy bin Session .............................................................................................................. 134
VI.
Gi E-mail trong PHP .................................................................................................. 134
.................................................................................................................................................... 135
V d: Ly thng tin t Form ....................................................................................................... 135
Chng 8: C S D LIU MYSQL ......................................................................................... 136
I.
Tng quan .................................................................................................................... 136
1. Gii thiu CSDL .............................................................................................................. 136
2. CSDL MySQL ................................................................................................................. 138
II.
Bng(Table) ................................................................................................................. 142
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 142
2. Thuc tnh ........................................................................................................................ 142
3. Thao tc vi bng ............................................................................................................. 144
III.
Bng o ........................................................................................................................ 147
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 147
2. To bng o ...................................................................................................................... 147
3. Cp nht ni dung bng o ............................................................................................... 148
4. Xa bng o ..................................................................................................................... 149
IV.
Ton t ......................................................................................................................... 149
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 149
2. Ton t s hc .................................................................................................................. 149
3. Ton t so snh ................................................................................................................ 150
4. Ton t logic .................................................................................................................... 150
V.
Pht biu SQL .............................................................................................................. 150
1. Cu lnh SELECT ............................................................................................................ 150
2. Truy vn con .................................................................................................................... 152
3. Cu lnh thm d liu ....................................................................................................... 153
4. Cu lnh cp nht d liu ................................................................................................. 154
5. Cu lnh xa d liu ......................................................................................................... 154
6. S dng mnh UNION trong truy vn .......................................................................... 154
7. Truy vn d liu t nhiu bng ......................................................................................... 155
8. S dng hm trong SQL ................................................................................................... 156
9. Import v export d liu ................................................................................................... 158
Chng 9: PHP&MYSQL ........................................................................................................... 158
I.
Kt ni CSDL ............................................................................................................... 158
1. To kt ni ....................................................................................................................... 158
2. Chn CSDL ...................................................................................................................... 159
3. Truy vn d liu ............................................................................................................... 160
4. Thng bo li ................................................................................................................... 161
5. ng kt ni..................................................................................................................... 161
II.
Lm vic vi CSDL MySQL ........................................................................................ 162
1. m s lng mu tin ...................................................................................................... 162
2. Hin th d liu ................................................................................................................. 163
3. Lu tr d liu mi vo CSDL ......................................................................................... 168
4. Cp nht d liu ............................................................................................................... 169
5. Xa d liu ....................................................................................................................... 170
III.
PHP kt hp vi cc CSDL SQL Server ....................................................................... 171
IV.
Xy dng cc lp x l ................................................................................................. 172
1. Mt s phng thc trong lp x l bng ......................................................................... 172
2. Xy dng lp x l nghip v .......................................................................................... 173
Mc lc ........................................................................................................................................ 176
Chng 1: Quy trnh thit k website

I.
Cc khi nim c bn
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn

HTML l ngn ng nh du c s dng to nn cc trang Web, n cha cc
trang vn bn v nhng th (tag) nh dng cho trnh duyt Web (web brower) bit lm th
no th hin cc thng tin trn World Wide Web(WWW). HTML gi y tr thnh mt
chun Internet do t chc World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) duy tr. Phin bn mi nht
ca HTML l 4.01. Tuy nhin, hin hay HTML khng cn c pht trin tip, n c
thay th bng XHTML.
2. Ngn ng lp trnh Web

Ngn ng lp trnh Web l ngn ng lp trnh (khc vi ngn ng HTML- ngn ng
nh du siu vn bn) c s dng h tr v tng cng cc kh nng ca ng dng
Web, gip cho vic iu khin cc phn t ca trang Web d dng hn.
Mt s ngn ng lp trnh Web thng c dng l: ASP, ASP.Net, PHP, JSP
3. WebServer trnh ch Web
WebServer l my tnh m trn ci t cc phn mm phc v Web, v khi c phn
mm cng c xem nh mt WebServer.
Tt c cc WebServer u c th bin dch v chy cc file *.html v *.htm, tuy nhin
cc WebServer li phc v mt s kiu file ring bit, v d nh IIS ca Microsoft dnh
ring cho cc file *.asp, *.aspx; Apache dnh cho cc file *.PHP; Sun Java System web
server ca SUN dnh ring cho cc file *.jsp.
4. Database server Trnh ch CSDL
Database server l my tnh m trn c ci t mt h qun tr CSDL (HQTCSDL)
no , v d nh SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle
5. Web browser-Trnh duyt Web
Trnh duyt Web l mt ng dng tng ng vi my tnh ca ngi dng, cho php
ngi dng cp nht v xem thng tin trn cc trang Web. Cc trnh duyt Web thng dng
hin nay l: Internet Explorer, Netscape, FireFox, Opera, Safari
6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)- Ti nguyn trn Internet
URL l ti nguyn trn Internet. Sc mnh ca Web l kh nng to ra cc lin kt siu
vn bn n cc thng tin c lin quan. Nhng thng tin ny c th l nhng trang web khc,
hnh nh, m thanh
Nhng lin kt ny thng c biu din bng nhng ch mu xanh c gch di.
Cc URL c th truy xut thng qua mt trnh duyt (browser).
V d 1.1: Mt URL c dng http://www.hutc.edu.vn/index.html
Trong :
+ http: l giao thc
+ http://www.hutc.edu.vn/ l a ch ca my cha ti nguyn.
+ index.html l tn ng dn trn my cha ti nguyn.
Nh a ch URL m chng ta c th truy cp ti cc trang web khc nhau.
7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- Giao thc truyn siu vn bn

HTTP l mt trong cc giao thc chun v mng Internet, c dng trao i thng
tin gia WebServer v ngi dng (WebClient) thng qua mng my tnh.
HTTP c s dng thng qua URL, vi cu trc chui c nh dng nh sau:
http://<host>[:<port>][<path>[?query]]
8. C ch Web
C ch Web l c ch tng tc gia ngi dng thng qua trnh duyt Web v
WebServer.
+ C ch tng tc t ngi dng vi WebServer
Yu cu
Web Browser
WebServer
Phn hi
Ngi dng s thng qua Web Browser gi yu cu ti WebServer v ngc li

Web Browser s nhn phn hi thng qua Web Browser n ngi dng.
+ Quy trnh lm vic ca PHP v MySQL thng qua Web Server
1. Ngi dng gi yu cu
Web
Browser
Web
Server
6. Web Server truyn ni
dung cho web browser, ngi
dng s thy c thng tin
ny
5. PHP Engine
nhn kt qu v
tr v cho Web
Server vi nh
dng HTML
2. Web server nhn

yu cu v truyn ti
PHP Engine
3. PHP Engine kt ni ti
CSDL MySQL, thc thi cu
lnh truy vn
Web
Browser
Web
Server
4. MySQL nhn yu cu
thc thi cc cu lnh t
PHP Engine, truy vn d
liu v kt qu tr v cho
PHP Engine
II.
Quy trnh thit k website
1. Xc nh mc ch, yu cu ca website
xy dng mt website c cht lng v hiu qu, trc tin chng ta cn xc nh:
Website dng lm g? c gi l ai? c gi quan tm n ci g? Cn xc nh loi c
gi l ai? Vi mc tiu a cho c gi ci m h mun xem, khng phi l ci m ta
mun h xem.
Xy dng website l mt qu trnh lu di, phi ln k hoch r rng. Phi bm st vi
mc ch v yu cu th ra.
2. Xc nh c gi
S thnh cng ca mt website ph thuc vo s lng ngi truy cp(c gi). c
gi gm nhiu i tng khc nhau nh: c gi chuyn nghip, c gi khng am hiu
nhiu v web hay mng
Ty thuc vo c gi chnh ca website, chng ta la chn phong cch ca website.
Phong cch ny th hin qua mu sc, phng ch, hnh nh ca trang web hay vn phong
ca website.
3. Thit k giao din Website
a. Xc nh kiu ch, mu sc
Ph thuc vo cc c im: ngi dng, trnh duyt, phn gii, ngn ng s dng
Gam mu phi thng nht trong ton b website
Phi lm cho c gi cm nhn c kch thc ca trang thng tin, bit h ang
u, c th lm g ?
*Lu , hu ht cc trang web u khng va khp vi mn hnh 14, 15 inch.
b. Xc nh cc k thut, cng c thit k
Ph thuc nhiu yu t:
Mi trng hosting
i ng thit k
Chi ph thit k
Bng thng ng truyn
c. Ct on, tm lc thng tin

Thng tin cn chia nh, tm lc li v:
Ngi dng c t thi gian c cc ti liu trn mn hnh. Tuy nhin cn lu h

lun c nhu cu mun tm phn thng tin ch nh, khng nn chia ct qu nh, tm
lc qu ngn s gy tht vng
Hnh thc v cch t chc ng nht cho php ngi dng p dng kinh nghim tm
kim, khm ph thng tin v cho php h on c phn website mi, l s c t
chc nh th no
Thng tin ngn gn, sc tch thch hp vi mn hnh my tnh (b gii hn tm nhn).
Vic p dng phi linh ng, nht qun, vi h thng logic v s thun tin cho ngi
dng. Cch tt nht phn chia v t chc thng tin l thc hin theo bn cht ca
ni dung.
d. Xc nh cu trc WebSite
H thng phn cp
Dng t chc cc khi thng tin phc hp, l h thng c dng thng dng nht,
gn vi m hnh t chc th gii thc nn d hnh dung t chc website
H thng cc trang ni tip

c dng biu din thng tin tun t, cc bng tng thut ni tip theo thi gian,
v d nh cc thng tiin tra cu tham kho: t in, bck khoa, t in thut ng. Thch hp
cho h thng website nh.
Li
Tng n v trong cu trc phi c cng cu trc cho cc ch ln v nh, cu trc
ny kh hiu khi xc nh mi lin quan gia cc loi thng tin nhng rt tt i vi nhng
c gi c kinh nghim, c sn kin thc v h thng, ch trong h thng
Mng nhn
M hnh ny khai thc trit u im ca hyperlink, tuy nhin cu trc ny phi thc
t nht, kh hiu, kh d on cho ngi dng, thch hp vi nhng site nh, c gi
chuyn nghip hoc trnh cao, tm kim cc kin thc chuyn su
4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca Website

a. Trang ch (HomePage)
Tt c cc website u c thit lp xung quanh trang ch (home page) gi nhim v
nh mt im xut pht n cc trang web phc tp khc trong website. Trang ch l a ch
web hng ngi dng n website ca ta, l ci u tin m ngi dng nhn thy khi
truy cp n website. Do trang ch c thit k thch hp l iu kin c bn website
thnh cng.
b. H thng Menu, Logo, nh danh
H thng menu phi r rng, y s gip c gi hnh dung c cu trc, t chc
website. Ngoi ra ta cn quan tm n v tr, cc th hin (c hay khng c hiu ng), v tr
logo, nh danh phi c nh nht qun
c. Cc trang thnh vin
Ta xy dng theo cu trc c bn ca website, nht qun, ph hp vi cc thuc tnh
c nh dng trc
III. Mt s nguyn tc khi pht trin website.
1 . T chc website cht ch v d s dng.
Website ca bn cn c cu trc cng r rng d hiu cng tt. iu quan trng y
l phi lm sao khch hng thy c ngay cc thng tin m h hi vng c th thu c
t website ca bn. Nu website ca bn c qu nhiu thng tin, bn c th lm cho trang

ch n gin bng cch thit k bng ni dung, bng ny cng nn ht sc n gin v d s
dng. ng thi s dng nhng t v on ngn gn d hiu thu ht ngi c.
2 . S dng t ng d hiu.
Mt ai s khng th theo di c qung co bn hng ca bn cng nh mua
nhng mt hng m bn ang cung cp nu nh h khng th hiu c nhng g bn ang
ni. S dng nhng li l hoa m tn dng nhng sn phm bn cung cp th rt d
nhng bn s khng th bit c c bao nhiu ngi ti website v d nh ca h nh th
no?
C th bn cung cp nhng sn phm dch v cht lng tt nhng s khng ai mua
nu nh h khng bit bn ang cho bn nhng g, hay khng th hiu c li ch m sn
phm dch v ca bn mang n cho khch hng. Hy nh rng khi mt ngi n thm
website ca bn, c th anh ta cha bit bn l ai?. bn ang cho bn sn phm g?. Bn
phi gip khch hng hiu r nhng vn ny trong thi gian ngn nht. Hy dng cc cu
ngn gn, c ng v gi kiu thit k c nh i vi tt c cc trang con.
3. D dng khm ph cc ng link.
Bn hy to cc ng link bng ch hay biu tng tt c cc trang con mi
ngi c th xem li hoc xem tip m khng phi s dng n nt "Back" hay "Forward"
ca trnh duyt. Bn cng cn nh l phi c nhng ch thay th tt c cc ho v ng
lin kt trong trang ca bn. y l nhng t s xut hin thay th ha khi tu chn
ho trong trnh duyt b tt hoc khi ngi ta nhn nt "Stop" trc khi trang c ti v y
.
4. Thi gian ti v nhanh.
Bn ng ngh rng tt c mi ngi u s dng mt ng truyn Internet c tc
cao. Liu bn c mun mnh phi i 10 pht ti mt trang v trc khi xem trang
khng?. Chc chn l khng, v th bn ng hy vng khch hng s i. Bn cng nn nh
rng 30 giy trc mn hnh ging nh 10 pht vy.
S dng ho trang tr l rt tt nhng ng lm dng. Nu bn cn nhiu hnh
nh v ho ln th nn c mt biu tng nh s lin kt vi hnh nh ng thi nhc nh
ngi xem cn phi i. S dng video v audio trong trang nh mt cng c bn hng l
tng kh hay, tuy nhin bn khng nn s dng bi hin ti tr cc tnh thnh ln c
ng truyn tc cao ADSL hay cp quang, vn cn a s ngi vn ang s dng
ng truyn Dial-Up vi modem 28.8, 33.6 v 56.6.
Nhn t thi gian l v cng quan trng v mi ngi thung khng kin nhn khi vo
mng. Nu trang ca bn phi mt thi gian qu lu ti v th khch hng c th nhn
chut v b i. ng mt khch hng ch v trang web ca bn ti v qu chm.
Hy tng tc truyn ca cc trang web ln bng cch:

Gim kch c ho trong trang web ca bn. Nhiu file ho khng nht thit phi
c kch c nh trn cc trang web thng thung. Bn ch cn 72 dpi cho phn gii ca
mn hnh v ho cng ch cn 256 mu. Mt ho kch c nh 4" - 2" khng nn ln
hn 10K. Thu nh kch c ho, su ca mu. Hy ch phn gii ho v hnh
nh nn mc 256 mu. Nu bn rt cn mt ho ln th bn c th cung cp cho ngi
xem mt hnh nh nh vi nt "phng to" xem tip mt hnh nh ln hn.
Quy nh c th kch c file ha trong m HTML. Nu bn quy nh c th kch c
cc file ho trong m HTML, trnh duyt web s rt ngn kch c ca trang nu cn thit
v ni hnh nh s xut hin, hin th vn bn v mt khong trng cho file ho ti v.
Gim s file trong trang web ca bn (c file ho v HTML kt hp vi nhau). Mi
ngi lun xem nh th thut qun l trang: gim s file cha trong website ca bn. Mi
ngi thung c ti a bn kt ni (socket) trong trnh duyt web ca h. Mi mt socket s
cho php chuyn mt file v my tnh ca bn, v th nu bn c 4 socket th bn c th ti
cng lc 4 file v. Nu bn c 6 nh trong trang ch v mt file HTML th tt c l c 7 file
cn phi ti v. Trnh duyt s ti 4 file v trc , sau khi ti xong mt file socket s ti tip
file cn li. Ni cch khc file th 5 s ch c ti v khi file th nht c ti xong. V
file th 6 s cha c ti v cho n khi qu trnh ti file th hai hon thnh... qu trnh ti
v c th ko di nu c qu nhiu file c bit khi nhng file ny rt ln. Theo nh nguyn
tc, (gi s ho ca bn c kch c khim tn 5-12K) bn hy c gng c dui 5 file mi
trang.
5. Ni dung khng c hnh nh.
Nhiu ngi s dng nh "GIFS" v JavaScripts to cc logo v k t chy ngang
mn hnh hay nhng g tng t. iu ny khng ch lm tng thi gian ti v m cn lm
ngi xem xao lng ni dung bn hng ca bn. Nhng ngi trn Internet l nhng con
ngi ca thng tin v vy bn hy chc chn rng mnh ang dnh thi gian cho nhng
thng tin c cht lng ch khng phi l nhng hnh nh v b.
Nu bn c mt ni dung v gi trong trang web, hy lm cho n d c. Hy chia
thnh nhng on quan trng, gch chn hoc bi m nhng cu quan trng trong tng
on v bn ng ngi trang tr vi mt s mu.
T mu vn bn thay th file ho nu c th. Ni cch khc thay v s dng mt file
ha gy s ch , bn c th s dng vn bn c mu sc khc nhau.
C th bn mun cung cpthng tin min ph dui dng bi bo hay bi phng s, v
sau c gng bn hng. Nu bn mun cung cp cho ngi s dng nhng thng tin b ch
(vi mc ch thu ht khch hng), hy thm nhng ni dung c cht lng ch khng phi
l nhng hnh nh bn ngoi. Trong trung hp mt ch ng gi hng nghn hnh nh.
Thm ch bn mun trang ca mnh sinh ng hn mt cht (c nhng biu tng bin
hnh, cc dng ch bi m...) nhm thu ht mi ngi tip tc quan tm ti sn phm v
dch v ca bn. Cng vic ca bn chnh l kim tra nhng kt qu m khch hng xem
em li.
Tt c s ph thuc vo nhng sn phm v dch v bn ang bn cng nh i tng
khch hng bn cn tip th hay th trung mc tiu ca bn. Nu bn ang tip th cho lp
tr th s sinh ng ca website s lm tng doanh s bn hng. Nhng nu i tng khch
hng ca bn ch yu l nhng nh kinh doanh c trnh th yu t sinh ng c th
lm bn ging nh mt ho s na ma. i vi i tng khch hng ny bn cn thu ht
h bng nhng s kin, con s, s trung thc v nhng li ch r rng.
6. D theo di "qu trnh bn hng".
Bn phi to iu kin khch hng hiu r nhng li ch ca sn phm v dch v
ca bn em li cng nh cung cp cho khch hng phng thc t hng thun tin nht.
Liu bn xy dng c uy tn i vi khch hng trc khi bn yu cu h t hng
cha? Bn to cho khch hng s yu thch v hng th trc khi bn mi h t hng
cha?. Bn cung cp cho khch hng mt s cch t hng thun tin c trn mng v
ngoi mng cha?. V liu bn hung dn khch xem tt c tng buc mt cha?.
7. Tng thch vi a s trnh duyt web.
Nu bn s dng bng biu hy xem xt cn thn vic n s hin th nh th no cc
trnh duyt khc nhau (v d Internet Explorer, Netscape) v tt c cc cp phn gii (v
d 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1280 x 1024, 1400 x 1050).
8. Mt s vn quan trng khc khi thit k website.
c v kim tra cn thn tt c cc ni dung. Nu bn khng quan tm ti vic kim
tra li chnh t, ngi s dng s nghi vn lm sao h c th giao tin ca mnh cho mt
cng ty khng th t sa li chnh t cho trang web ca mnh?. Hy nh mt ngi bn hoc
ng nghip c v sa gip bn bi h c th tm thy nhng li m bn khng bao gi
pht hin ra c.
Trc khi a mi vic vo hot ng bn cn c mt t kim tra ton b website
(cc ng lin kt, thi gian ti, form bn hng...) v c gng kim tra bng nhiu phng
php.
Mt iu ht sc quan trng l bn khng nn ni ngay cho ngi xem bit bn ang
c gng bn hng cho h. Bt k bn ang c sn phm g, cho d sn phm ca bn c tt
nh th no i na th hu ht mi ngi s khng li trang ca bn nu h bit h ang b
d d mua hng. Bn cn h c, nhn ra c nhng li ch bn s em li cho h v
sau ch nn h bit rng sn phm ang c bn. Nu bn thc hin c iu ny
th c ngha l khch hng s t tm thy v mua sn phm bn cung cp.
Mt yu t thnh cng khc trong marketing trc tuyn l bn phi c kh nng chp
nhn c cc giao dch bun bn trc tuyn. Khi bn cung cp sn phm thng tin th bn
nn cho bn dui dng in t thng qua email.
Nu trang web ca bn ln hn 50K th bn hy t mt ghi ch nh trn cng ca
trang thuyt phc khch hng nn kin nhn trong khi ha c ti v (cu ny s hin
ln khi trang web ca bn ti v). Thm ch ngay c khi ti cc trang web th nghim m
bn thy khng mt nhiu thi gian ti v nhng bn cng cn nh rng khch hng cng
c th c ng kt ni chm do lm tng thi gian ti. Bn khng nn khch hng ra
i ch v thi gian ti qu lu m bn khng thng bo v vic h phi i.
Chng 2: Gii thiu v ngn ng HTML

I. Khi nim c bn v html
1. HTML l g?
HTML (vit tt cho HyperText Markup Language, tc l "Ngn ng nh du Siu
vn bn") do Tim Berner Lee pht minh v c W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) a
thnh chun nm 1994. HTML l mt ngn ng nh du c thit k ra to nn cc
trang web c trnh by trn World Wide Web.
2. Th HTML
HTML s dng cc th (tags) nh dng d liu. Cc th HTML khng phn bit
ch hoa, ch thng. Cc trnh duyt thng khng bo li C php HTML. Nu vit sai th
kt qu hin th khng ng vi d nh ban u.
HTML c 2 loi th: th ng v th m
Th m: <tn_th>
V d 2.1: <html>, <body>, <p>,
Th ng tng ng: </tn_th>
V d 2.2: </html>, </body>, </p>,

C nhiu th HTML, mi th c 1 tn v mang ngha khc nhau.
* Ch : lun c th m nhng c th khng c th ng tng ng. V d: <img>
khng c th ng
3. Cn g to mt trang web
C th to trang HTML bng bt c trnh son tho no nh Notepad, EditPlus,C
nhiu trnh son tho HTML cho php ngi s dng thc hin mt cch trc quan, kt qu
sinh ra HTML tng ng nh:
Microsoft FrontPage, notepad, notepad++
Macromedia Dreamweaver
Trang HTML c phn m rng l .htm hoc .html

II. Cc th nh cu trc ti liu
1. Th html
Cp th ny c s dng xc nhn mt ti liu l ti liu HTML, tc l n c s
dng cc th HTML trnh by. Ton b ni dung ca ti liu c t gia cp th ny.
C php:
<html>

</html>
Trnh duyt s xem cc ti liu khng s dng th <html> nh nhng tp tin vn bn
bnh thng.
2. Th head
Th head c dng xc nh phn m u cho ti liu.
C php:
<head>

</head>
3. Th title
Cp th ny ch c th s dng trong phn m u ca ti liu, tc l n phi nm trong
th phm vi gii hn bi cp th <head>.
C php:
<title> Tiu trang web </title>
4. Th body
Th ny c s dng xc nh phn ni dung chnh ca ti liu - phn thn (body)
ca ti liu.
Trong phn thn c th cha cc thng tin nh dng nht nh t nh nn cho ti
liu, mu nn, mu vn bn siu lin kt, t l cho trang ti liu... Nhng thng tin ny
c t phn tham s ca th.
C php:
<body>

</body>
Trn y l C php c bn ca th body, tuy nhin bt u t HTML 3.2 th c nhiu
thuc tnh c s dng trong th body. Sau y l cc thuc tnh chnh:
Background =
t mt nh no lm nh nn (background) cho vn bn. Gi tr ca
tham s ny (phn sau du bng) l URL ca file nh. Nu kch thc
nh nh hn ca s trnh duyt th ton b mn hnh ca s trnh duyt
Bgcolor=
Text
Alink =
Vlink =
Link =
s c lt kn bng nhiu nh.

t mu nn cho trang khi hin th. Nu c hai tham s background v
bgcolor cng c gi tr th trnh duyt s hin th mu nn trc, sau
mi ti nh ln pha trn.
Xc nh mu ch ca vn bn, k c cc mc.
Xc nh mu sc cho cc siu lin kt trong vn bn. Tng ng, alink
(active link) l lin kt ang c kch hot - tc l khi c kch
chut ln; vlink (visited link) ch lin kt tng c kch hot;
Nh vy mt ti liu HTML c bn c cu trc nh sau:

<html>
<head>
<title>tiu ca ti liu</title>
</head>
<body cc tham s nu c>
... ni dung ca ti liu
</body>
</html>
III. Cc th nh dng khi
1. Th nh dng khi vn bn <p>
Th <P> c s dng nh dng mt on vn bn.
C php:
<p> Ni dung on vn bn </p>
2. Cc th nh dng mc h1/h2/h3/h4/h5/h6
HTML h tr 6 mc mc. Ch rng mc ch l cc ch dn nh dng v mt
logic, tc l mi trnh duyt s th hin mc di mt khun dng thch hp. C th
trnh duyt ny l font ch 14 point nhng sang trnh duyt khc l font ch 20 point.
mc cp 1 l cao nht v gim dn n cp 6. Thng thng vn bn mc cp 5 hay cp
6 thng c kch thc nh hn vn bn thng thng.
Di y l cc th dng nh dng vn bn dng mc:
<h1></h1>
nh dng mc cp 1
<h2></h2>
nh dng mc cp 2
<h3></h3>
nh dng mc cp 3
<h4></h4>
nh dng mc cp 4
<h5></h5>
nh dng mc cp 5
<h6></h6>
nh dng mc cp 6
3. Th xung dng <br>

Th ny khng c th kt thc, n c tc dng chuyn sang dng mi. Lu , ni dung
vn bn trong ti liu HTML s c trnh duyt Web th hin lin tc, cc khong trng
lin nhau, cc k t tab, k t xung dng u c coi nh mt khong trng. xung
dng trong ti liu, bn phi s dng th <br> hoc </br>
V d: S dng th <br> nh dng xung dng vn bn
<body>
Tn ng nhp: </br> Mt khu:
</body>
4. Th pre v th <div>
gii hn on vn bn c nh dng sn bn c th s dng th <pre>hoc
<div>. Vn bn gia hai th ny s c th hin ging ht nh khi chng c nh vo,
v d du xung dng trong on vn bn gii hn bi th <pre> hoc <div> s c ngha
chuyn sang dng mi (trnh duyt s khng coi chng nh du cch)
C php:
<pre> Vn bn c nh dng </pre>
<div> Vn bn c nh dng </div>
IV. Cc th nh dng danh sch
Kiu 1: Danh sch khng sp xp <ul>
V d:
<ul>
<li> Mc th nht
<li> Mc thc hai
</ul>
Kiu 2: Danh sch c sp xp <ol>, mi mc trong danh sch c sp xp th t.

C php:
<ol type =1/a/A/i/I>
<li> Mc th nht
<li> Mc th hai
<li> Mc th ba
</ol>
type =1
Cc mc c sp xp theo th t 1, 2, 3...
=a
=A
=i
=I
Cc mc c sp xp theo th t a, b, c...
Cc mc c sp xp theo th t A, B, C...
Cc mc c sp xp theo th t i, ii, iii...
Cc mc c sp xp theo th t I, II, III...
Ngoi ra cn thuc tnh START= xc nh gi tr khi u cho danh sch.

Th < LI > c thuc tnh TYPE= xc nh k hiu u dng (bullet) ng trc mi mc
trong danh sch. Thuc tnh ny c th nhn cc gi tr : disc (chm trn m); circle (vng
trn); square (hnh vung).
V d:
<ol type =1>
<li> Mc th nht
<li> Mc th hai
<li> Mc th ba
</ol>
Kiu 3: Danh sch thc n <menu>
Kiu 4: Danh sch phn cp <dir>
V. Cc th nh dng k t
1. Cc th nh dng in k t
Sau y l cc th c s dng quy nh cc thuc tnh nh in nghing, in m,
gch chn... cho cc k t, vn bn khi c th hin trn trnh duyt.
<b></b>
In ch m
<strong> </strong>
In ch nghing
<i> </i>
<em> </em>
In ch gch chn
<u> </u>
In ch b gch ngang.
<S> ... </S>
<strike> ... </strike>
In ch ln hn bnh thng bng cch tng kch thc font hin
<big> ... </big>
thi ln mt.
<small> ... </small>
In ch nh hn bnh thng bng cch gim kch thc font hin
thi i mt.
<sup> ... </sup>
nh dng ch s trn (SuperScript)
<sub> ... </sub>
nh dng ch s di (SubScript)
nh ngha kch thc font ch c s dng cho n ht vn
<basefont>
bn. Th ny ch c mt tham s size= xc nh c ch. Th
<basefont> khng c th kt thc.
<font> ... </font>
Chn kiu ch hin th. Trong th ny c th t hai tham s size=

hoc color= xc nh c ch v mu sc on vn bn nm gia
hai th. Kch thc c th l tuyt i (nhn gi tr t 1 n 7)
hoc tng i
2. Cn l vn bn trong trang Web

Trong trnh by trang Web ca mnh cc bn lun phi ch n vic cn l cc vn
bn trang Web c c mt b cc p. Mt s cc th nh dng nh p, hn, img... u
c tham s ALIGN cho php bn cn l cc vn bn nm trong phm vi gii hn bi ca cc
th .
Cc gi tr cho tham s align = left | center | right;
Ngoi ra, chng ta c th s dng th center cn gia trang mt khi vn bn.
C php:
<center> Vn bn s c cn gia trang</center>
3. Cc k t c bit
K t & c s dng ch chui k t i sau c xem l mt thc th duy nht. K t ;
c s dng tch cc k t trong mt t.
K t
M ASCII
Tn chui
<
&#060
&lt
>
&#062
&gt
&
&#038
&amp
4. S dng mu sc trong thit k cc trang Web
Mt mu c tng hp t ba thnh phn mu chnh, l: (Red), Xanh l cy
(Green), Xanh nc bin (Blue). Trong HTML mt gi tr mu l mt s nguyn dng hexa
(h m c s 16) c nh dng nh sau:
#RRGGBB
trong :
RR - l gi tr mu .
GG - l gi tr mu Xanh l cy.
BB - l gi tr mu Xanh nc bin.
Mu sc c th c xc nh qua thuc tnh bgcolor= hay color=. Sau du bng c th
l gi tr RGB hay tn ting Anh ca mu. Vi tn ting Anh, ta ch c th ch ra 16 mu
trong khi vi gi tr RGB ta c th ch ti 256 mu.
Sau y l mt s gi tr mu c bn:
Mu sc
Gi tr
Tn ting Anh
#FF0000
RED
sm
#8B0000
DARKRED
Xanh l cy
#00FF00
GREEN
Xanh nht
#90EE90
LIGHTGREEN
Xanh nc bin
#0000FF
BLUE
Vng
#FFFF00
YELLOW
Vng nht
#FFFFE0
LIGHTYELLOW
Trng
#FFFFFF
WHITE
en
#000000
BLACK
Xm
#808080
GRAY
Nu
#A52A2A
BROWN
Tm
#FF00FF
MAGENTA
Tm nht
#EE82EE
VIOLET
Hng
#FFC0CB
PINK
Da cam
#FFA500
ORANGE
Mu ng phc hi qun
#000080
NAVY
#4169E1
ROYALBLUE
#7FFFD4
AQUAMARINE
C php:
<body >
.... phn ni dung ca ti liu c t y
</body>
Mt s thuc tnh c bn ca th body:
Cc tham s
ngha
link
Ch nh mu ca vn bn siu lin kt
alink
Ch nh mu ca vn bn siu lin kt ang ang chn
vlink
Ch nh mu ca vn bn siu lin kt tng m
background
Ch nh a ch ca nh dng lm nn
bgcolor
Ch nh mu nn
text
Ch nh mu ca vn bn trong ti liu
scroll
topmargin
rightmargin
leftmargin
YES/NO - Xc nh c hay khng thanh cun

L trn
L phi
L tri
5. Chn kiu ch cho vn bn

C php:
<font
face
= font-name
color = color
size
=n>
...
</font>
6. Khi nim vn bn siu lin kt
Vn bn siu lin kt hay cn gi l siu vn bn l mt t, mt cm t hay mt cu
trn trang Web c dng lin kt ti mt trang Web khc. Siu vn bn l mi trng
trong cha cc lin kt (link) ca cc thng tin. Do WWW cu thnh t nhiu h thng
khc nhau, cn phi c mt quy tc t tn thng nht cho tt c cc vn bn trn Web. Quy
tc t tn l URL (Universal Resource Locator).
Cc thnh phn ca URL c minh ho hnh trn.
Dch v: L thnh phn bt buc ca URL. N xc nh cch thc trnh duyt ca my
khch lin lc vi my phc v nh th no nhn d liu. C nhiu dch v nh http,
wais, ftp, gopher, telnet.
Tn h thng : L thnh phn bt buc ca URL. C th l tn min y ca my phc
v hoc ch l mt phn tn y trng hp ny xy ra khi vn bn c yu cu vn
nm trn min ca bn. Tuy nhin nn s dng ng dn y .
Cng : Khng l thnh phn bt buc ca URL. Cng l a ch socket ca mng dnh cho
mt giao thc c th. Giao thc http ngm nh ni vi cng 8080.
ng dn th mc : L thnh phn bt buc ca URL. Phi ch ra ng dn ti file yu
cu khi kt ni vi bt k h thng no. C th ng dn trong URL khc vi ng dn
thc s trong h thng my phc v. Tuy nhin c th rt gn ng dn bng cch t bit
danh (alias). Cc th mc trong ng dn cch nhau bi du gch cho (/).
Tn file : Khng l thnh phn bt buc ca URL. Thng thng my phc v c cu
hnh sao cho nu khng ch ra tn file th s tr v file ngm nh trn th mc c yu cu.
File ny thng c tn l index.html, index.htm, default.html hay default.htm. Nu cng
khng c cc file ny th thng kt qu tr v l danh sch lit k cc file hay th mc con
trong th mc c yu cu
Cc tham s : Khng l thnh phn bt buc ca URL. Nu URL l yu cu tm kim trn

mt CSDL th truy vn s gn vo URL, chnh l on m ng sau du chm hi
(?).URL cng c th tr li thng tin c thu thp t form. Trong trng hp du thng (#)
xut hin on m ng sau l tn ca mt v tr (location) trong file c ch ra.
to ra mt siu vn bn chng ta s dng th <A>.
C php:
<a > Lin kt </a>
Mt s thuc tnh ca th a
href
a ch ca trang Web c lin kt, l mt URL no .
name
t tn cho v tr t th.
tableindex
Th t di chuyn khi n phm Tab
title
Vn bn hin th khi di chut trn siu lin kt.
target
M trang Web c lin trong mt ca s mi (_blank) hoc trong ca
s hin ti (_self), trong mt frame (tn frame).
7. a ch tng i
URL c trnh by trn l URL tuyt i. Ngoi ra cn c URL tng i hay cn
gi l URL khng y . a ch tng i s dng s khc bit tng i gia vn bn
hin thi v vn bn cn tham chiu ti. Cc thnh phn trong URL c ngn cch bng k
t ngn cch (k t gch cho /). to ra URL tng i, u tin phi s dng k t ngn
cch. URL y hin ti s c s dng to nn URL y mi. Nguyn tc l cc
thnh phn bn tri du ngn cch ca URL hin ti c gi nguyn, cc thnh phn bn
phi c thay th bng thnh phn URL tng i. Ch rng trnh duyt khng gi URL
tng i, n b sung vo URL c s xc nh trc thnh phn URL tng i xc nh
sau thuc tnh href=. K t u tin sau du bng s xc nh cc thnh phn no ca URL
hin ti s tham gia to nn URL mi.
V d, nu URL y l: http://it-department.vnuh.edu.vn/HTML/index.htm th:
Du hai chm (:) ch dch v gi nguyn nhng thay i phn cn li. V d
://www.fpt.com/ s ti trang ch ca my phc v www.fpt.com vi cng dch v http.
Du gch cho (/) ch dch v v my phc v gi nguyn nhng ton b ng dn thay
i. V d /Javascript/index.htm s ti file index.htm ca th mc Javascript trn my
phc v www.it-department.vnuh.edu.vn.
Khng c du phn cch ch c tn file l thay i. V d index1.htm s ti file
index1.htm trong th mc HTML ca my phc v www.it-department.vnuh.edu.vn.
Du thng (#): ch dch v, my phuc v, ng dn v c tn file gi nguyn, ch thay i
v tr trong file.
Do ng dn c xem l n v c lp nn c th s dng phng php ng dn

tng i nh trong UNIX hay MS-DOS (tc l . ch th mc hin ti cn .. ch th mc cha
ca th mc hin ti).
URL c s c th c xc nh bng th <BASE>.
8. Kt ni mailto
Nu t thuc tnh href= ca th <a> gi tr mailto:address@domain th khi kch hot
kt ni s kch hot chc nng th in t ca trnh duyt.
<address>
trang web ny c
<a href=mailto:webmaster@vnuh.edu.vn >
webmaster
<\a> bo tr
<\address>
9. V mt ng thng nm ngang
C php:
<hr>
Mt s thuc tnh ca th hr
align
Cn l (cn tri, cn phi, cn gia)
color
t mu cho ng thng
noshade
Khng c bng
size
dy ca ng thng
width
Chiu di (tnh theo pixel hoc % ca b rng ca s trnh duyt).
Th ny ging nh th BR, n cng khng c th kt thc tng ng.
VI. Cc th chn m thanh, hnh nh
1. Gii thiu
Lin kt vi file a phng tin cng tng t nh lin kt bnh thng. Tuy vy phi
t tn ng cho file a phng tin. Phn m rng ca file phi cho bit kiu ca file.
Kiu
Phn m rng
M t
Image/GIF
.gif
Vit tt ca Graphics Interchange Format. Khun
dng ny xut hin khi mi ngi c nhu cu trao i
nh trn nhiu h thng khc nhau. N c s dng
trn tt c cc h thng h tr giao din ho. nh
dng GIF l nh dng chun cho mi trnh duyt
WEB. Nhc im ca n l ch th hin c 256
mu.
Image/JPEG
.jpeg
Image/TIFF
.tiff
Text/HTML
PostScript
.HTML, .htm
.eps, .ps
Adobe Acrobat
.pdf
Video/MPEG
.mpeg
Video/AVI
.avi
Video/QuickTime .mov
Sound/AU
.au
Sound/MIDI
.mid
M rng ca chun ny l GIF89, c thm nhiu

chc nng cho cc ng dng c bit nh lm nh
nn trong sut - tc l nh c th ni bng cch lm
mu nn ging vi mu nn ca trnh duyt.
Vit tt ca Joint Photographic Expert Group. L
khun dng nh khc nhng c thm kh nng
nn.u im ni bt ca khun dng ny l lu tr
c hng triu mu v nn cao nn kch thc
file nh nh hn v thi gian download nhanh hn.
N l c s cho khun dng MPEG. Tt c cc trnh
duyt u c kh nng xem nh JPEG.
Vit tt ca Tagged Image File Format. c
Microsoft thit k qut nh t my qut cng nh
to cc n phm.
c to ra hin th v in cc vn bn c cht
lng cao.
Vit tt ca Portable Document Format. Acrobat
cng s dng cc siu lin kt ngay trong vn bn
cng ging nh HTML. T phin bn 2.0, cc sn
phm ca Acrobat cho php lin kt gia nhiu vn
bn. u im ln nht ca n l kh nng
WYSISYG.
Vit tt ca Motion Picture Expert Group, l nh
dng dnh cho cc loi phim (video). y l khun
dng thng dng nht dnh cho phim trn WEB.
L khun dng phim do Microsoft a ra.
Do Apple Computer a ra, chun video ny c
cho l c nhiu u im hn MPEG v AVI. Mc d
c tch hp vo nhiu trnh duyt nhng vn
cha ph bin bng hai loi nh dng trn.
L khun dng dnh cho m nhc in t ht sc
thng dng c nhiu trnh duyt trn cc h thng
khc nhau h tr. File Midi c tng hp s ho
trc tip t my tnh.
nh dng audio theo dng. Mt bt tin khi s dng
cc nh dng khc l file m thanh thng c kch
Sound/RealAudio .ram
VRML
.vrml
thc ln - do vy thi gian ti xung lu, Tri li

audio dng bt u chi ngay khi ti c mt phn
file trong khi vn ti v cc phn khc.Mc d file
theo nh dng ny khng nh hn so vi cc nh
dng khc song chnh kh
nng dng khin nh dng ny ph hp vi kh
nng chi ngay lp tc.
Vit tt ca Virtual Reality Modeling Language. Cc
file theo nh dng ny cng ging nh HTML. Tuy
nhin do trnh duyt c th hin th c ca s 3
chiu nn ngi xem c th cm nhn c cm gic
ba chiu.
2. a m thanh vo mt ti liu HTML

C php:
<bgsound src = url
loop = n >
Th ny khng c th kt thc. chi lp li v hn cn ch nh loop = -1 hoc loop

= infinite. Th bgsound phi c t trong phn m u (tc l nm trong cp th head).
3. Chn mt hnh nh, mt on video vo ti liu HTML
chn mt file nh (.jpg, .gif, .bmp) hoc video (.mpg, .avi) vo ti liu HTML, bn
c th s dng th img.
C php:
<img />
Mt s thuc tnh ca th img
align = top/ middle/ bottom/ Cn hng vn bn bao quanh nh
left/ right
alt = text
Ch nh vn bn s c hin th nu chc nng show
picture ca browser b tt i hay hin th thay th cho nh
trn nhng trnh duyt khng c kh nng hin th ho.
Vn bn ny cn c gi l nhn ca nh. i vi trnh
duyt c kh nng h tr ho, dng vn bn ny s hin
ln khi di chut qua nh hay c hin th trong vng ca
nh nu nh cha c ti v ht. Ch phi t vn bn
trong hai du nhy kp nu triong vn bn cha du cch
hay cc k t c bit - trong trng hp ngc li c th
b du nhy kp.
border = n
t kch thc ng vin c v quanh nh (tnh theo
src = url
width/height
hspace/vspace
title = title
dynsrc = url
start = fileopen/mouseover
loop = n/infinite
pixel).
a ch ca file nh cn chn vo ti liu.
Ch nh kch thc ca nh c hin th.
Ch nh khong trng xung quanh hnh nh (tnh theo
pixel) theo bn pha trn, di, tri, phi.
Vn bn s hin th khi con chut tr trn nh
a ch ca file video.
Ch nh file video s c chi khi ti liu c m hay
khi tr con chut vo n. C th kt hp c hai gi tr ny
nhng phi phn cch chng bi du phy.
Ch nh s ln chi. Nu LOOP = INFINITE th file video
s c chi v hn ln.
VII. Cc th nh dng bng biu

Sau y l cc th to bng chnh:
<table> ... </table>
<tr> ... </tr>
<td> ... </td>
<th> ... </th>
<caption> ... </caption>
nh ngha mt bng
nh ngha mt hng trong bng
nh ngha mt trong hng
nh ngha cha tiu ca ct
Tiu ca bng
C php:
<table >
... nh ngha cc dng
<tr >
... nh ngha cc trong dng
<td >
... ni dung ca
</td>
...
</tr>
...
</table>
ngha cc tham s:
align / valign
Cn l cho bng v ni dung trong mi .
border
Kch thc ng k chia trong bng, c o theo pixel. Gi tr 0
c ngha l khng xc nh l, gia cc trong bng ch c mt
khong trng nh phn bit. Nu ch border th ngm nh
border=1. Vi nhng bng c cu trc phc tp, nn t l ngi
bordercolor
bordercolordark
xem c th phn bit r cc dng v ct.

Mu ng k
Mu pha ti v pha sng cho ng k ni.
bordercolorlight
background
bgcolor
cellspacing
cellpadding
colspan
rowspan
a ch ti tp nh dng lm nn cho bng

Mu nn
Khong cch gia cc trong bng
Khong cch gia ni dung v ng k trong mi ca bng.
Ch nh s ko di trong bao nhiu ct
Ch nh s ko di trong bao nhiu hng
VIII. FORM
Form HTML l mt phn ca ti liu, n cha cc phn t c bit gi l cc iu
khin. Cc iu khin c s dng nhp thng tin t ngi dng v cung cp mt s
tng tc.
Cc form cho php ngi s dng nhp d liu trn trang web thng qua cc iu
khin (control). D liu ny c th c xc nhn hp l t pha my khch v c chuyn
n my ch x l thm.
Tt c cc iu khin u c tn c quy nh qua thuc tnh name. Mt s iu
khin khng cn ly d liu th thuc tnh name khng quan trng
Sau y ta s tm hiu v cc loi iu khin
X
H Din Li
1.
Form
From dng cha mi i tng khc. to form ta dng th:

<form></form>
Mt s thuc tnh ca form:
name=tn_form
action=a ch nhn d liu
method=phng thc gi d liu:
o GET : thng tin x l theo phng thc get c hin th ln url
o POST: thng tin x l theo phng thc post khng hin th ln url
2. Hp nhp vn bn 1 dng (Oneline Textbox)

Oneline Textbox dng nhp cc vn bn ngn (trn 1 dng) hoc mt khu, s dng
th <input> a vo form
Cc thuc tnh:
name=tn_t
type=text: nhp vn bn thng
type=password: nhp mt khu
value=gi tr mc nh
V d 14
<html>
<head>
<title>Registered form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="application_form" action="test.php" method="post">
<h1> Registered form</h1>
<p>User name: <input type="text" name="username" value="" size="30px" />
<p>Password: <input type="password" name="pass" value="123456" size="30px" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
3. Radio Button
Radio button cho php chn mt la chn trong mt nhm la chn c a ra. Cc
iu khin radio trong mt nhm phi c cng tn. Vo mt thi im, ngi dng ch c
th chn mt la chn. Cc nt radio nn t thuc thuc tnh gi tr. S dng th <input>
a i tng radio vo form, mi cn 1 th
Thuc tnh:
name=tn_t: Cc i tng cng tn th thuc cng nhm.
type=radio
value=gi tr: y l gi tr chng trnh s nhn c nu ta chn ny.
checked: nu c th nt ny mc nh c chn
4. Checkbox
Checkbox cho php ngi dng c th chn mt hoc nhiu la chn trong mt nhm
la chn c a ra bng cch nh du tch. S dng th <input> a i tng
checkbox vo form, mi cn 1 th
Thuc tnh:
name=tn_i_tng
type=checkbox
value=gi tr: y l gi tr chng trnh s nhn c nu n c chn
checked: nu c th nt ny mc nh c chn
5. Nt lnh (Button)
Cho php ngi s dng ra lnh thc hin mt s cng vic no . C 3 loi nt
thng dng
submit: khi ngi dng nhp vo nt submit, d liu t ng c chuyn n v tr

c xc nh trong thuc tnh ACTION
reset: a mi d liu v trng thi mc nh
normal: ngi lp trnh t x l
a i tng button vo form ta dng th <input>

Thuc tnh:
name=tn_i_tng
type=submit: nt submit
type=reset: nt reset
type=button: nt thng thng (normal)
value=tiu nt
6. Combo Box (Drop-down menu)

Combo box gm mt danh sch c nhiu phn t, ta c th chn 1 phn t trong danh
sch x xung bng cch kch vo mi tn bn phi hp danh sch. Ti mt thi im ch c
1 phn t c chn
Th to hp danh sch:
<select>Danh sch phn t</select>
Thuc tnh:
name=tn_i_tng
Th to 1 phn t trong danh sch:

<option>Tiu phn t</option>
Thuc tnh:
value=gi tr: gi tr chng trnh nhn c nu phn t c chn
selected: nu c th phn t ny mc nh c chn
7. Listbox
Tng t nh combobox, listbox l mt danh sch gm nhiu phn t, tuy nhin ta c
th nhn thy v la chn cc phn t cng mt lc
Th to listbox:
<select></select>
Thuc tnh: tng t nh combobox nhng c 2 thuc tnh khc:
size=s dng
multiple: cho php la chn nhiu phn t cng lc
Th to 1 phn t trong danh sch:

<option>Tiu phn t</option>
Thuc tnh:
value=gi tr: gi tr chng trnh nhn c nu phn t c chn
selected: nu c th phn t ny mc nh c chn
8. Hp nhp vn bn nhiu dng (TextArea)

Textarea cho php ngi dng nhp vn bn di trn nhiu dng.
Th to textarea:
<textarea>Ni dung mc nh</textarea>
Cc thuc tnh:
name=tn_i_tng
rows=s dng
cols=s ct
Trong :
rows: s dng vn bn
cols: s k t chun trn dng.
V d 15:
<html>
<head>
<title>Registered form</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="application_form" action="test.php" method="post">

<h1> Registered form</h1>
<p>User name: <input type="text" name="username" value="" size="30px" />
<p>Password: <input type="password" name="pass" value="123456" size="30px" />
<p>Sex: <input type="radio" name="sex" checked="checked" value="M" />Male <input
type="radio" name="sex" value="F" />Female</p>
<p>What do you like the following option:</p>
<p>Cash:<input type="checkbox" name="checkpay" value="cash" /> Cheque:<input
type="checkbox" name="checkpay" value="cheque" /> Debit card:<input type="checkbox"
name="checkpay" value="card" /></p>
<p>Country
<select name="country">
<option value="usa">America</option>
<option value="eng">England</option>
<option value="fra">France</option>
<option value="vie" selected="selected">VietNam</option>
</select>
</p>
<p>Which country do you like to travel:
<select name="country" size="4" multiple="multiple">
<option value="1">America</option>
<option value="2">England</option>
<option value="3">France</option>
<option value="4" selected="selected">VietNam</option>
</select>
</p>
<p>Other information
<textarea name="other_info" rows="5" cols="40"></textarea>
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" name="send" value="Send" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Kt qu hin th trn trnh duyt
IX. Mt s th c bit
1. Th <meta>
Th <meta> c khi bo trong cp th <head>, th <meta> thng c s dng
khi bo loi font s dng, tm kim, xa cache, chuyn trang
a. Th <meta> vi font
s dng font Unicode c bit Unicode ting vit trn trang web, chng ta phi khai
bo th <meta> trong th <head>.
<meta http-equiv = Content-Type content = text/html; charset = UTF-8>
b. Th <meta> cho php ngi dng tm kim.
Khi bn a trang web ca bn ln internet, ngi dng c th tm thy web site ca
bn qua cc cng c trn nh: Google, Yahoo , khi chng ta khai bo th <meta> nh
sau
<meta http-equiv = Content-Type content = text/html; charset = UTF-8>
<META NAME = author CONTENT = http://www.hutc.edu.vn/>
Bn c th khi bo cc thng tin khc ca trang web khi ngi dng c th tm
kim thng qua cc thng tin ny.
<META NAME = keywords CONTENT = Cng thng, k thut cng nghip 2. .. >
Cc t kha ny s c em so snh vi cc t kha ngi dng g v tm kim trn
Internet, nu t kha ngi dng tm kim thuc mt trong s t kha ca bn khai bo
trong th ny, web site ca bn s c xut hin trong danh sch tm kim c.
c. Th <meta> dng t ng chuyn n URL
t ng chuyn n a ch URL hay UNC k tip sau khi trang web np ln vi
thi gian nht nh, bn c th khi bo trong th JavaScript.
V d:
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to PHP and MySQL</title>
<META http-equiv=refresh content="8; URL=http://www.saigoninfotech.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
Trang ny t ng chuyn n trang <b>www.saigoninfotech.com</b> sau 8 giy
</body>
</html>
d. Th <meta> dng xa cache
Thng thng sau khi np trang web no ln trnh duyt web, ni dung ca trang
web c th lu vo trong b nh truy cp nhanh (cache).
iu ny c ngha l sau khi duyt mt vng cc trang web khc, bn quay v gi trang
web truy cp trc , trnh duyt web np rt nhanh, do chng lu trang trong b nh
cache.
Tuy nhin, khi bn l ngi pht trin ng dng web, c nhng trang web bn phi xa
cache mi khi ngi dng gi n. Ngha l, trang web ny thng c thay i cu trc cho
mi ln gi, bn cn khai bo th <meta> nh v d sau:
V d:
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to PHP and MySQL</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">

</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff"> Xoa Cache
</body>
</html>
2. Th <marquee>
Th <marquee> cho php bn khi bo mt chui chuyn ng theo chiu hng khc
nhau trn trang web. Th ny thng c s dng qung co mt ti no .
C 4 chiu di chuyn ca chui, bn c th khi bo ty thuc vo cc tham s UP,
DOWN, BACK, RIGHT ca thuc tnh DIRECTION.
V d:
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to php and mysql</title>
</head>
<body>
<marquee direction=right scrolldelay=2 scrollamount=1 width=100% >
<font face="arial" size="1" color=#ff33ff>
<br>ashley- ana - chanthaly - kathleen - lena </marquee><br>
<marquee direction=up scrolldelay=2 scrollamount=1 width=100%
style="filter:wave(add=5, phase=1, freq=5, strength=20);"><font face="arial" size="1"
color=#ff33ff>
<br>ashley
<br>ana
<br>chanthaly
<br>kathleen
<br>lena </marquee>
</body>
</html>
3. Th <style>
Th <style> cho php bn nh dng tt c ni dung trnh by trn trang web theo mt
kiu nht nh. iu ny c ngha l mi th trn trang web c khai bo s dng mt phn t
no c khi bo th <style>, chng s c kiu nh dng nh bn nh ngha.
Bn khi bo th <style> trong th <head>.
V d: nh dng style, chn nh nn v t hnh nn khng lp.
<style>
background-image: url(hinhnen.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
</style>
4. Th <link>
Khi khai bo cc phn t trong trang style.css, bn c th khi bo chng trong mt
trang web bng th <link>. s dng bn cng khi bo nh trng hp s dng phn t
trong v d sau:
V d: Chn tyle.css vo trong ti liu html
<link href="tyle.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
5. Th <script>
Trong trang web, bn mun kim sot tt c cc hnh ng ca ngi dng, bn cn
khi bo v s dng mt s phng thc v thuc tnh ca Client Script hay cc phng
thc do bn nh ngha.
c th khi bo kch bn trn trang web, bn s dng th <script> vi tn ngn ng
ch nh JavaScript hay VBScript.
C php:
<script language = javascript>
// m javascript
<script>
<script language = vbscript>
// m vbscript
<script>
Ngoi ra trong trng hp c nhiu phng thc do bn nh ngha c s dng
chung trong nhiu trang web, bn cng c th khai bo chng trong mt tp tin c tn m
rng .js hay .vb. Sau bn c th chn tp tin ny v s dng nh cch chn trc tip.
Chng 3: Thit k CSS

I.
Gii thiu v CSS

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) c hiu mt cch n gin l cch m chng ta
thm cc kiu hin th (font ch, kch thc, mu sc...) cho mt ti liu Web
Mt s c im ca Cascading Style Sheets:
- CSS quy nh cch hin th ca cc th HTML bng cch quy nh cc thuc tnh ca
cc th (font ch, mu sc). cho thun tin bn c th t ton b cc thuc tnh ca
th vo trong mt file ring c phn m rng l ".css"
- CSS n ph v gii hn trong thit k Web, bi ch cn mt file CSS c th cho php
bn qun l nh dng v layout trn nhiu trang khc nhau. Cc nh pht trin Web c th
nh ngha sn thuc tnh ca mt s th HTML no v sau n c th dng li trn
nhiu trang khc.
- C th khai bo CSS bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Bn c th t on CSS ca bn
pha trong th <head>...</head>, hoc ghi n ra file ring vi phn m rng ".css", ngoi ra
bn cn c th t chng trong tng th HTML ring bit
- Tuy nhin ty tng cch t khc nhau m u tin ca n cng khc nhau. Mc
u tin ca CSS s theo th t sau.
Style t trong tng th HTML ring bit
Style t trong phn <head>
Style t trong file m rng .css
Style mc nh ca trnh duyt
Mc u tin s gim dn t trn xung di.
CSS c tnh k tha: gi s rng bn c mt th <div id="vidu"> c khai bo
u file css vi cc thuc tnh nh sau:
#vidu {
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
}
mt ch no trong file css bn li khai bo mt ln na th <div id="vidu"> vi cc

thuc tnh.
#vidu {
width: 400px;
background-color: #CC0000;
}
Sau on khai bo ny th th <div id="vidu"> s c thuc tnh:
#vidu {
width: 400px; /* ln khai bo c */
height: 300px;
background-color: #CC0000;
}
II.
C php
1. nh dng thuc tnh th html

Cc thuc tnh ca th html khng c phong ph v a dng do vy chng ta c th
thay i li thuc tnh mc nh ca th. Chng ta c th nh dng cc th ngay trn ti liu
html bng th <style> hoc c nh dng trong mt tp tin khc sau chn vo ti liu
html.
C php:
name_tag
{
property_1: values;
property_2: values;
}
V d: nh dng hnh nn v cc thuc tnh khc
body
{
background-image: url(images\background_image.gif);
}
2. nh dng mt kiu mi
a. Kiu c chn vo th html bng thuc tnh class ca th
Chng ta c th nh dng mt kiu ring trong ti liu html hoc trong mt tp tin
ring. Sau a nh dng vo trong th html bng thuc tnh class ca th.
C php:
.name_style
{
property_1: values;
property_2: values;
}
V d: nh dng thuc tnh hnh nn trang web
. mystyle
{
}
Sau , ta p dng nh dng trn vo th <body class= mystyle>
<body class= mystyle>
b. Kiu c chn vo th html bng thuc tnh id ca th

Chng ta c th nh dng mt kiu ring trong ti liu html hoc trong mt tp tin
ring. Sau a nh dng vo trong th html bng thuc tnh Id ca th.
C php:
# name_style
{
property_1: values;
property_2: values;
}
V d: nh dng thuc tnh hnh nn trang web
# mystyle
{
}
Sau , ta p dng nh dng trn vo th <body id= mystyle>
<body id= mystyle>
3. nh dng ngay trong th html

Ngoi cc cch trn, chng ta c th nh dng kiu trn th html.
C php:
<name_tag style= property_1:values [; property_2: values; ] >

</name_tag>
V d:
<body style="background-image:url(anh_nen.JPG); background-repeat:no-repeat">
Ni dung ti liu html
</body>
III. S dng css trong ti liu HTML
1. CSS c khai bo trong mt tp tin ring
Khi xy dng website cc trang web thng c nhng nh dng ging nhau to nn s
thng nht ca mt website v d nh: Mu nn hay hnh nn, cc kiu nh dng ch, k
t
Nu trang no ta cng s dng kiu nh dng ny, khi ta thy m lnh trong mt
website c lp i lp li nhiu ln trn nhiu trang khc nhau.
Khi ngi dng mun thay i kiu dng hay nh dng ca website ngi dng ch
cn thay i kiu trong tp tin ring ny, khi ton b trang website s thay i theo.
chn tp tin ring chng ta s dng th <link> trong vng th <head>
<link href="name_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
2. nh dng ngay trn ti liu html
Thng chng ta thng nh dng css trong vng th head s dng th <style>
C php:
<style>

Trong PHP c ba dng ghi ch:
Dng 1: # y l ghi ch.
Dng ny ch p dng ghi ch nm trn mt dng vn bn
Dng 2: // y l ghi ch.
Dng ny cng ch p dng ghi ch nm trn mt dng vn bn
Dng 3: /* y l mt ghi ch di
p dng cho nhiu hng */
Dng ghi ch ny thng p dng cho on ghi ch di gm nhiu dng vn bn
4.
Bin trong PHP

Bin l mt nh trong b nh chnh gip biu din thng tin thc t trong chng
trnh.
a. Khai bo bin
- Bin trong PHP c bt u bng k t $ v theo sau l tn bin.
- Nguyn tc t tn bin: tn bit bt u bng mt k t hoc l du _theo sau c th l k
t, s hoc du _
Ch :
PHP khng yu cu khai bo bin trc khi s dng, tuy nhin chng ta nn khai bo
v khi gn gi tr ban u cho bin trc khi s dng.
Khng khai bo tn bin trng vi tn hm, tn bin phn bit ch HOA v ch
thng.
V d 5.3: Khai bo bin
<?php
$chuoi = Hello world;
$_123 = 123.4567;
?>
b. Gn gi tr cho bin.
Khi ta gn gi tr cho bin, nu bin cha c khai bo lc ny bin va c khai
bo va c khi to, nu bin c khai bo th bin ny s c gi tr bng vi gi tr
c gn.
- Bin c th khi gn gi tr trc tip:
$tn_bin = <gi tr ca bin>;
V d 5.4: Khi gn gi
<?php
$number = 120;
echo $number;
?>
- Bin c th khi gn gi tr ca bin khc hoc ca mt biu thc.
$tn_bin =$tn_bin_khc hoc biu thc;
V d 5.5: Khi gn gi tr ca mt biu thc.
<?php
$number = 120;
$gia =1000;
$thanh_tien =$number * $gia;
echo $thanh_tien;
?>
c. Phm vi hot ng ca bin
Mt bin trong PHP c phm vi hot ng nh sau:
- Bin cc b: Khi mt bin c khai bo trong mt hm th n c xem l bin cc b v
n ch c ngha s dng trong hm . Khi gn gi tr cho bin bn ngoi th bin ngoi
hm ny s c xem nh mt bin hon ton khc vi bin trong hm cho d cng tn. Khi
ra khi hm c bin cc b c khai bo th bin v gi tr cho n s c hy b.
V d 5.6: Bin cc b
<?php
$a= 10; //bin ton cc
function test()
{
echo $a; // bin cc b
}
test(); // khng cho kt qu
echo $a; // kt qu 10
?>
- Bin ton cc: L bin c th truy cp bt k ni no trong chng trnh. Tuy nhin,
c th s dng v cp nht c bin ton cc th phi c khai bo ton cc (khai bo vi
global hay $_GLOBALS) trong hm m n c s dng.
V d 5.7: Bin ton cc
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
function sum()
{
global $a, $b;
$b = $a+$b;
}
sum();
echo $b; // kt qu 30
?>
- Bin static: khc vi bin cc b, bin static khng mt gi tr ca n khi ra khi hm v n
gia nguyn gi tr khi hm c gi thm mt ln na.
V d 5.8: Bin static
<?php
function hien()
{
static $a =0;
echo $a."</br>";
$a++;
}
hien(); // kt qu 0
hien(); // kt qu 1
hien(); // kt qu 2
?>
5.
Hng
a. Khi bo hng
Hng l mt gi tr khng th chnh sa c thng qua vic thc hin chng trnh, quy tc
t tn hng cng ging nh quy tc t tn bin.
Chng ta c th nh ngha hng bng cch s dng hm define(). Mt khi hng c nh
ngha, n khng b thay i.
Ch c cc kiu d liu boolean, integer, float, string mi c th cha hng.
C php:
define(TN_HNG, gi tr);
V d 5.9: Tnh din tch ng trn
<?php
define(PI, 3.14);
$r = 10;
echo Din tch ng trn. 2*PI*$r*$r;
?>
Ch : PHP cung cp mt lng ln cc hng c nh ngha trc bt k trang no
c th thc thi c.
- _FILE_ : tn ca script file ang c thc hin.
- _LINE_: s dng ca m script ang c thc hin trong script file hin ti.
- _PHP_VERSION_: version ca PHP
- TRUE
- FALSE
- E_ERROR: bo hiu c li.
- E_PARSE: bo li sai khi bin dch.
- E_NOTICE: mt vi s kin c th l li hoc khng.
- E_ALL: tt c cc li.
- .
b. S dng hng
i vi hng khai bo, chng ta dng tn hng mi khi s dng.
V d 5.10: Tnh din tch v chu vi hnh trn
<?php
define('PI',3.14); // nh ngha PI = 3.14
$r = 10;
$chu_vi = 2*PI*$r; // 62.8
echo $chu_vi."</br>";
$dien_tich = 2*PI*$r*$r; //628
echo $dien_tich;
?>
Nhng im khc nhau gia hng v bin:
- Pha trc tn hng khng c du $
- Hng ch c th c khai bo bng hng define()
- Khng khai bo li hng khi c thit lp.
6.
Kiu d liu
a. Kiu d liu
Kiu d liu M t
boolean
Ch c mt trong hai gi tr TRUE v FALSE
integer
Kiu s nguyn, gi tr c th l s trong h thp phn, thp lc phn v bt
phn.
float/double
Kiu s thc
string
Kiu d liu chui, k t. Trong , mi k t chim 1 byte.
Mi chui c th cha mt hay nhiu k t thuc 256 k t khc nhau.
Khng c vn g xy ra khi chui qu ln v chui khng c gii hn v
kch thc.
Mi chui c ghi theo nhng cch sau:
- Dng du nhy n ' ' bao chui.
- Dng du nhy i " " bao chui.
array
Kiu d liu l mng cc phn t.
object
Kiu d liu l i tng ca lp
V d 5.11: Kiu d liu s
<?php
$kieu_b = TRUE;
echo $kieu_b."</br>"; // kt qu l 1
$inta = 1234;
echo $inta."</br>"; // kt qu l 1234

$intb = -123;
echo $intb."</br>"; // kt qu l -123
$intc = 0123;
echo $intc."</br>"; // kt qu l 83
$intd = 0x1A;
echo $intd."</br>"; // kt qu l 26
$float_a = 1.234;
echo $float_a."</br>"; // kt qu l 1.234
$float_b = 1.2e3;
echo $float_b."</br>"; // kt qu l 1200
$float_c = 7E-10;
echo $float_c."</br>"; // kt qu l 7.0E-10
?>
V d 5.12: Kiu d liu string
<?php
$name = 2010;
$chuoi1 ='Chc mng nm mi nm $name';
$chuoi2 ="Chc mng nm mi nm $name";
echo $chuoi1."</br>"; // Chc mng nm mi nm $name
echo $chuoi2."</br>"; // Chc mng nm mi nm 2010
?>
V d 5.13: Kiu d liu mng
<?php
$mang = array(1,2,3,4,5);
print_r($mang);
// hm in ra gi tri ca mng theo dng Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [4] => 5 )
?>
V d 5.14: Kiu object
<?php
class ten_class
{
function xuatchao()
{
echo "Hello my class!";
}
}
$a = new ten_class();
$a ->xuatchao(); // kt qu Hello my class
?>
b. Chuyn i kiu d liu
Trong qu trnh tnh ton chng ta c th thc hin vic chuyn i kiu d liu cho bin
bng cch ghi tn kiu d liu m bin mun chuyn i vo pha trc bin.
Thng chng ta chuyn i kiu d liu cho bin v trong qu trnh tnh ton kiu d liu
c ca bin c th khng cn ph hp na.
V d 5.15: Chuyn i kiu d liu
<?php
$don_gia = 5000;
$so_luong = 10000;
$thanh_tien = (double)($so_luong * $don_gia);
echo $thanh_tien;
?>
7.
Cc ton t
a. Ton t ton hc
Ton t ton hc gm cc php ton sau:
+ (cng), - (tr), * (nhn), / (chia), % (chia ly phn d), ++ (tng gi tr bin ln 1 n v)
- - ( gim gi tr bin 1 n v)
b. Ton t ni chui
c. Ton t gn kt hp
Php ton
V d
Tng ng
x=y
x=y
+=
x+=y
x=x+y
-=
x-=y
x=x-y
*=
x*=y
x=x*y
/=
x/=y
x=x/y
.=
x.=y
x=x.y
%=
x%=y
x=x%y
d. Ton t so snh
Ton t so snh gm cc php ton sau:
==
Bng
!=
Khng bng
<>
Khc
>
Ln hn
<
Nh hn
>=
Ln hn hoc bng
<=
Nh hn hoc bng
e. Ton t logic
Ton t logic gm cc php sau:
&&
V
||
So snh
!
Ph nh
f. Ton t @
Trong trng hp biu thc hay php ton ca chng ta pht sinh li, nu chng ta khng
mun xut hin ra thng bo li th chng ta dng ton t @
V d 5.16: Khi cha s dng ton t @
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 0;
$c =$a/$b;
echo "Kt qu :".$c;
?>
Mn hnh xut hin:
Warning: Division by zero in C:\wamp\www\vd.php on line 4
Kt qu :
V d 5.17: Khi s dng ton t @
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 0;
$c =@($a/$b);
echo "Kt qu :".$c;
?>
Mn hnh xut hin:
Kt qu :
g. Tham chiu &

Trong PHP tham chiu c ngha l ly cng gi mt tr bng nhiu tn bin khc nhau.
K hiu tham chiu l &.
V d 5.18: Bin $a v $b tham chiu n nh lu gi tr bin $a
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = &$a;
echo "Kt qu :".$b;
?>
V d trn c ngha, $b khng ly gi tr ca bin $a m bin $b v bin $a cng ly mt ni
dung trong cng mt nh.
$a
$b
10
8.
Cc hm kim tra gi tr
a. Kim tra tn ti isset()

Hm isset() dng kim tra xem bin c gi tr hay khng.
Hm ny c th dng kim tra s tn ti ca mt hay nhiu bin khc nhau. Nu tt c
cc bin u c gi tr kt qu tr v bng true, ngc li tr v gi tr false.
C php:
isset(<tn bin 1>, <tn bin 2>,)
V d 5.19: Kim tra xem ngi dng c nhp vo tn ng nhp hay cha, nu nhp th
in ra Xin cho <tn ng nhp> ngc li th in ra Vui lng nhp tn ng nhp.
<?php
if (isset($_POST[tn_ng_nhp]))
{
echo Xin cho: .$_POST[tn_ng_nhp];
} else {
echo Vui lng nhp tn ng nhp;
}
?>
Ch : Nu mun in kt qu ca hm isset() th ta c th dng hm var_dump().
V d 5.20: Kim tra tn bin c phi l

<?php
$chuoi ="abc";
var_dump(isset($chuoi)); // kt qu bool(TRUE)
$a = NULL;
$b =123;
var_dump(isset($a));// kt qu bool(FALSE)
var_dump(isset($b));// kt qu bool(TRUE)
var_dump(isset($a,$b));// kt qu bool(FALSE)
?>
b. Kim tra gi tr rng empty()
Hm empty() dng kim tra bin c gi tr rng hay khng.
Nu bin c gi tr NULL, chui rng hoc O th kt qu tr v l TRUE, ngc li tr v
gi tr l FALSE.
Hm ny ngc li vi hm isset(), v thng c dng kim tra xem ngi dng c
nhp gi tr vo mt i tng no trn form hay khng.
Nhng kt qu di y c xem l rng:
+ : chui rng.
+ 0: 0 khi kiu l integer.
+ NULL
+ FALSE
+ array(): mng rng.
+ var $var: mt bin c khai bo nhng khng c gi tr trong lp.
C php:
empty(<tn_bin>)
V d 5.21: Kim tra d liu c rng hay khng
<?php
if(empty($_POST["ten_dang_nhap"]))
{
echo "Vui long nhap vao tn dang nhap";
exit;
} else {
echo "Xin cho: ".$_POST["ten_dang_nhap"];
}
?>
c. Kim tra gi tr s is_numeric()

Hm is_numeric() kim tra bin c kiu gi tr kiu s hay khng.
Nu gi tr ca bin khng phi l kiu s th kt qu tr v l TRUE, ngc li th kt tr v
l FALSE.
C php:
is_numeric(<tn_bin>)
V d 5.22: Kim tra d liu nhp vo c phi l kiu s khng?
<?php
if(is_numeric($_POST["so_luong"]))
{
$so_luong = $_POST["so_luong"];
$don_gia =$_POST["don_gia"];
$thanh_tien = $so_luong * $don_gia;
exit;
} else {
echo "So luong phai la kieu so"];
}
?>
d. Kim tra kiu gi tr ca tn bin
- is_int() v is_long()
Hm is_int() hoc is_long()kim tra gi tr ca bin c phi l s nguyn hay khng.
Nu gi tr ca bin l s nguyn th kt qu tr v l TRUE, ngc li tr v gi tr l
FALSE.
C php:
is_int(<tn_bin>); hoc is_long(<tn_bin>);
Ch : Trong trng hp bin vt qu phm v ca s nguyn th chng ta c hm
is_long() dng kim tra gi tr ca bin c phi l kiu long hay khng. Hm ny c C
php tng t nh hm in_long().
V d 5.23: Kim tra kiu d liu ca bin c phi l s nguyn khng.
<?php
$a ="15";
$b =15;
echo is_int($a); // kt qu tr v l 0
echo is_int($b); // kt qu tr v l 1
?>
- is_string()
Hm is_string() kim tra gi tr ca bin c phi l kiu chui hay khng.
Nu gi tr l kiu chui th kt qu tr v l true, ngc li tr v gi tr l false.
C php:
is_string(<tn_bin>)
V d 5.24: Kim tra kiu d liu nhp vo l kiu chui khng?
<?php
$a ="Hello";
$b =15.5;
echo is_string($a); //kt qu l 1
echo is_string($b); // kt qu l 0
?>
- is_double()
Hm is_double() kim tra gi tr ca bin c phi l kiu s c du chm ng.
Nu gi tr ca bin l kiu s du chm ng, s l th gi tr tr v l true, ngc li th tr
v l false.
C php:
is_double(<tn bin>)
V d 5.25: Kim tra d liu nhp vo c phi l s thc khng?
<?php
$x =4.1123;
echo is_double($x); // kt qu tr v l 1
?>
e. Xc nh kiu d liu bin
Hm gettype() kim tra kiu d liu ca bin, hoc gi tr l kiu no: integer, string, double,
array, object, class
Kt qu tr v ca hm l kiu ca gi tr hay kiu ca bin.
C php:
gettype(<tn bin>)
V d 5.26: Kim tra kiu d liu nhp.
<?php
$n = "day la chuoi";
$a =123;
$b =123.456;
$mang =array(1,2,3);
echo gettype($n)."</br>";
echo gettype($a)."</br>";
echo gettype($b)."</br>";
echo gettype($mang);
?>
II.
Cu lnh iu khin
1.
Cu lnh r nhnh If...Else
Dng 1: Cu lnh if dng khuyt

Nu iu kin ng th thc hin khi lnh bn trong if s c thc hin. Ngc li th b
qua.
C php:
if ( <iu kin>)
ng
{
iu kin
// khi lnh
}
Khi lnh
iu kin c th l biu thc so snh gi tr TRUE/FALSE hoc l mt gi tr s. Nu gi tr

s khc 0 th gi tr tr v l TRUE, ngc li tr v gi tr FALSE.
Khi lnh: cc lnh s c thc hin khi iu kin c gi tr l TRUE.
Dng 2: Cu lnh if dng u
Nu iu kin ng th thc hin khi lnh 1 bn trong if s c thc hin. Ngc li th
thc hin khi lnh 2.
C php:
if ( <iu kin>)
ng
Sai
{
iu kin
// khi lnh1
} else {
Khi lnh 2
Khi lnh 1
// khi lnh 2
}
Ton t ?
Ton t du ? dng thay th cu lnh if else vi mt cu lnh bn trong.
(<iu kinh>)? <kt qu khi iu kin ng>: <kt qu khi iu kin sai>;
V d 5.27: Tm s ln nht trong hai s
<?php
if(strlen($_POST['a'])&& strlen($_POST['b']))
{
$a = $_POST['a'];
$b =$_POST['b'];
$kq = ($a>$b)?$a:$b;
} else {
$kq = "Bn cha nhp thng tin vo";
}
?>
Dng 3: Cu lnh if lng
Trong trng hp c nhiu iu kin th chng ta s dng cu lnh if lng nhau.
C php:
if (<iu kin 1>)
{
// khi lnh 1
} elseif (<iu kin 2>)
{
// khi lnh 2
}
else
{
// khi lnh khi khng tha cc iu kin trn
}
2.
Cu lnh la chn switch
Trong trng hp c nhiu iu kin xy ra. Trong trng hp mun so snh gi tr ca bin
vi biu thc, v i vi mi gi tr ny s c nhng x l khc nhau th ta dng switch
case.
C php:
switch (<biu thc>)
{
case <gi tr 1> :
// khi lnh khi biu thc tha mn iu kin 1
break;
case <gi tr 2> :
// khi lnh khi biu thc tha mn iu kin 2
break;
.
default:
// khi lnh khi khng tha tt c cc case trn.
}
3.
Cu lnh lp
a. Cu trc for/foreach
- Cu trc for
For c dung khi chng ta bit trc s ln lp, bin m chy trong khong gii hn ca
vng lp, v gi tr lp.
Vng lp s kt thc khi bin m vt qua gii hn ca vng lp.
C php:
for ($bin chy = <gi tr u>; <iu kin ca vng lp>; <gi tr lp>)
{
// Khi lnh
}
- Cu trc foreach
Cu trc foreach thng c dng duyt tp hp(mng). Cu trc ny s duyt t phn
t u tin n phn t cui cng ca tp hp(mng).
C php:
foreach ($tn_mng as $gi_tr)
{
// khi lnh
}
V d 5.28: Vng lp foreach
<?php
if(strlen($_POST['mang']))
{
$mang =explode(",",$_POST['mang']);
foreach($mang as $pt) {
echo $pt." ";
}
}
?>
b. Cu trc while
Khi chng ta khng xc nh c s ln lp(s ln lp ph thuc vo iu kin ti thi
im thc thi) th chng ta s dng cu trc whlie.
C php:
while (<iu kin>)
{
// Khi lnh
}
iu kin
Khi lnh
c. Cu trc do while
C php:
Khi lnh
do
{
// khi lnh
}
while (<iu kin>);
4.
iu kin
S dng break v continue trong cu trc lp
a. Lnh break
break cho php ta thot khi cu trc iu khin da trn kt qu ca biu thc logic
V d 5.28: Kim tra s nguyn t
<?php
$so = 15;
$kq =true;
for ($i=2; $i<=$so; $i++)
{
if($so%$i==0)
{
$kq= false;
break;
}
}
?>
b. Lnh continue
Khi gp continue, cc lnh bn di continue tm thi khng thc hin tip, khi con tr
s nhy v u vng lp kim tra gi tr ca biu thc iu kin cn ng hay khng.
continue thng i km vi mt biu thc logic
V d 5.29: Tnh tng cc phn t l t 1 n 10
<?php
$tong = 0;
for ($i=1; $i<=10; $i++)
{
if($i%2==0)
{
continue;
}
$tong = $tong+$i;
}
echo $tong;
?>
5.
Kiu mng
a. Khi nim mng

Mng ni chung l mt bin c bit, n bao gm mt dy cc nh c nhiu nh con cho
php biu din thng tin dng danh sch trong thc t. Cc phn t mng c th c kiu d
liu khc nhau.
b. Khai bo mng v s dng mng
Cch 1: Khai bo mng cha bit s phn t mng
C php: $ten_mang = array();
V d 5.30: Khai bo mng cha bit s phn t mng
<?php
$mang = array();
for($i=0; $i<10; $i++)
$mang[$i] = $i;
?>
Cch 2: Khai bo bit trc s phn t mng
C php: $ten_mang = array(<s phn t mng>);

V d 5.31: Khai bo mng bit trc s phn t mng
<?php
$mang = array(20);
for($i=0; $i<20; $i++)
$mang[$i] = $i;
?>
Cch 3: Nu khai bo mng bit trc gi tr ca mng th chng ta va khai bo va gn gi
tr.
C php: $ten_mang = array([kha =>] gi_tr_1, );
Trong :
+ Kha: c th l s nguyn dng hoc chui.
+ Kha khng c trung nhau.
+ gi_tr_1, : c th dng tt c cc kiu d liu.
V d 5.32:
<?php
$mang_1 = array(1,2,3,4,5); // khng to gi tr cho kha
$mang_2 = array(1=>"Mt", 2 =>"Hai", 3=>"Ba", 4 =>"Bn", 5=>"Nam");
$mang_3 = array("mot"=>1, "hai" =>2, "ba"=>3, "bon" =>4, "nam"=>5);
?>
Cch 4: Gn gi tr cho tng phn t mng
C php:
$ten_mang[ ] =<gi tr>;
Hoc $ten_mang[<gi tr kha>] =<gi tr>;
c. Truy xut phn t mng.
C php:
$ten_bien = $ten_mang[<gi tr kha>];
d. Cc thao tc trn mng
- m s phn t mng
m s phn t ca mng mt chiu ta s dng hm count(< tn_bin_mng>)

$so_pt_mang = count($ten_mang);
- Duyt mng
+ Duyt mng c kha t ng
V d 5.33:
<?php
$n = count($mang_1);
for($i = 0; $i< =$n; $i++)
echo "\t".$mang_1[$i];
?>
+ Duyt mng c kha do ngi dng to:
V d 5.34:
<?php
foreach( $mang_2 as $gia_tri)
{
echo "\t $gia_tri";
}
?>
+ Duyt ly c gi tr ca kha v gi tr ca phn t:
V d 5.35:
<?php
foreach( $mang_2 as $khoa => $gia_tri)
{
echo "<br> [$khoa] => $gia_tri";
}
?>
e. Mt s hm
- Tm kim trn mng: array_search()
Hm ny s tm kim mt gi tr trn mng, nu tm thy s tr v kha ca phn t cha gi

tr , nu khng tm thy s tr v gi tr NULL
C php:
$khoa = array_search($gia_tri_can_tim, $mang);
V d 5.36:
<?php
$mang = array(0=>'xanh', 1=>'', 2=>'tm', 3=>'vng');
$khoa = array_search('', $mang);
echo $khoa;
?>
- Ghp mng: array_merge()
Ghp hai mng hay nhiu mng vi nhau, kt qu tr v l mt mng mi c to ra t cc
mng.
C php:
$mang_ghep = array_merge($mang_1, $mang_2,);
Ch : Khi cc mng dng ghp c kha trng nhau th mng ghp s ch ly phn t c
kha trng ca mng cui cng.
V d 5.37:
<?php
$mang1= array("mu"=>"", 2, 4);
$mang2 = array("a", "b", "mu"=> "xanh", "hnh"=>"trn", 4);
$mang_chung = array_merge($mang1, $mang2);
print_r($mang_chung);
?>
- m s ln xut hin: array_count_values()
Dng m s ln xut hin ca cc phn t trong mng. Kt qu tr v l mt mng trong
kha chnh l gi tr trn mng cn m v gi tr s l s ln xut hin ca n trong
mng.
C php:
$mang_slxh = array_count_values($ten_mang);
V d 5.38:
<?php
$mang = array(1, "hello",1, "world", "hello", 2 , "xin cho",1);
$mang_slxh = array_count_values($mang);
print_r($mang_slxh);
?>
- To mng duy nht: array_unique()
Hm s b i nhng gi tr lp i lp li trong mng. Kt qu tr v l mt mng mi m
trong mi phn t trong mng ch xut hin mt ln.
C php:
$mang_day_nhat = array_unique($ten_mang);
V d 5.39:
<?php
$mang = array(1, 3, 1, 2, 5, 1, 3, 4);
$mang_dn = array_unique($mang);
print_r($mang_dn);
?>
- Tm cc gi tr khc nhau ca mt mng so vi mng khc: array_diff()
Hm s so snh gia hai mng v lc ra nhng phn t ch c trong mng thc nht m
khng c trong mng th hai. Kt qu tr v l mt mng mi vi nhng phn t ch xut
hin duy nht trong mt mng.
C php:
array_diff($mang_1, $mang_2);
V d 5.40:
<?php
$mang_1 = array("a"=>"xanh", "", "tm", "vng");
$mang_2 = array("b"=>"xanh", "vng", "");
$mang =array_diff($mang_1, $mang_2);
print_r($mang);
?>
III. Xy dng hm trong PHP

1.
Hm do ngi dng nh ngha
a. Khai bo hm
khai bo hm chng ta s dng t kha function, tip sau l tn hm v danh sch cc
tham s (nu c), cc lnh ca hm c t trong cp ngoc { }.
C php:
function ten_ham([danh sch tham s])
{
// khi lnh bn trong hm
[returm gia_tr;]
}
Trong :
Nu hm cn tham s x l th truyn vo tham s x l, ngc li c th b trng.
Nu hm tr li gi tr th gi tr tr v ca hm l: returm gia_tr, nu khng c gi tr tr v
th khng c lnh tr v.
V d 5.41: Xut ra cu cho Hello world;
<?php
function cau_chao()
{
echo Hello world;
}
?>
V d 5.42: Hm tr v gi tr
<?php
function tinhtong($a,$b)
{
$s =$a+$b;
return $s;
}
$so_a =5;
$so_b = 10;
$tong = tinhtong($so_a,$so_b)+tinhtong(2,3);
echo "Tng = $tong"; // kt qu tr v 20
?>
b. S dng hm
Hm sau khi c to c th c gi li thng qua tn hm, nu hm c cc thng tin bn
trong th cung cp y cc thng tin, nu hm c gi tr tr v th phi c bin nhn gi
tr ca hm.
C php:
ten_ham([danh sch cc gi tr]);
Trong :
- ten_ham c gi ng vi hm c nh ngha.
- Danh sch gi tr: cung cp cc thng tin cho cc tham s ca hm.
V d 5.43: Gi hm xut ra cu cho
<?php
cau_chao();
?>
2.
Hm trong th vin hm
a. Kiu d liu string

Kiu d liu string dng lu tr chui cc k t.
V d 5.44:
$hoten = H Din Li;
Mt s hm x l chui.
- Hm ltrim(str [,char] ): Xo khong trng t bn tri ca chui, nu c tham s char th s
b lun cc cc k t bn tri trong char.
V d 5.45: Ct b cc k t d tha bn tri chui
<?php
$st="aaaa Hong Nam";
$st = ltrim($st,'a');
echo $st; //"Hong Nam"
?>
- Hm rtrim( str [,char]):Xo khong trng t bn phi ca chui, nu c tham s char th
s b lun cc cc k t bn phi trong char.
V d 5.46: Ct b cc k t d tha bn phi
<?php
$st="Hong Nam
aaaa ";
$st = rtrim($st,'a');
?>
- Hm trim($st [,char]): Loi b k t tha u v cui ca xu, nu c tham s char th
s b lun cc cc k t bn phi trong char.
V d 5.47: Ct b cc k t d tha bn tri v bn phi
<?php
$st=" aaaa
Hong Nam
$st = trim($st,'a');
aaaa ";
?>
- Hm addslashes($st): nh dng d liu trong chui lu vo CSDL.
lu chui c cc du nhy ' hay cp ", du \, du \\ th chng ta dng thm du \ vo pha
trc chng nh sau: \', \", \\, \\\.
V d 5.48: nh dng d liu
<?php
$st ="Who're you?";
echo $st."</br>";// Who're you?
echo addslashes($st); //Who\'re you?
?>
V cc du nhy khi lu vo trong CSDL s xut hin du \ trc cc k t, khi c ln trnh
duyt chng ta cn loi b cc du . loi b ta s s dng hm stripslashes()
- Hm stripslashes():
V d 5.49: Loi b cc k t.
<?php
$st ="Who\'re you?";
echo stripslashes($st); //Who're you?
?>
- Hm ucfirst($st ) : Vit hoa k t u tin ca mt xu.
V d 5.50: Vit hoa k t u tin ca mt xu.
<?php
$st = 'xin cho!';
echo ucfirst($st);
?>
// Xin cho!
- Hm ucwords($st ): Vit hoa k t u tin ca mi t.

V d 5.51: Vit hoa k t u tin ca mi t.
<?php
$st = 'xin cho!';
echo ucwords($st); // Xin Cho!
?>
- Hm strtolower($st ) : Bin k t bt k thnh ch thng.
V d 5.52: Bin k t bt k thnh ch thng
<?php
$st = 'H dIn LI!';
echo strtolower($st); // h din li
?>
- Hm strtoupper($st ): bin k t bt k thnh ch hoa.
V d 5.53: Bin k t bt k thnh ch hoa.
<?php
$st = 'H dIn LI!';
echo strtoupper($st); // H DIN LI
?>
- Hm strlen($st): Kt qu tr v di ca xu
V d 5.54: Xut ra trnh duyt di ln
<?php
$hoten = 'H Din Li';
echo di xu . strlen($hoten); //Kt qu tr v l 13
?>
- Hm strcmp($str1, $str2): hm so snh chui khng phn bit ch hoa v ch thng,
hm ny tr v kt qu l:
+ = 0: nu hai chui bng nhau
+ < 0: nu chui $str1 nh hn chui $str2
+ > 0: nu chui $str1 ln hn chui $str2
V d 5.55: So snh chui
<?php
echo strcmp('chao','Chao'); // kt qu 0
echo strcmp('chao chu','chao anh'); // kt qu l 1
?>
- Hm tm mt chui trong 1 chui strstr($st1, $st2) v strchr($s1, $st2): Hm tr v kt

qu l mt chui con ca chui $st1 c ly t v tr xut hin u tin ca chui $st2 n
ht chui $st1 nu tm thy chui $st2 trong chui $st1, nu khng tm thy th tr v gi tr
FALSE.
V d 5.56: Tm kim chui trong chui
<?php
$st="hodienloi@yahoo.com";
echo strstr($st, "@")."</br>"; //@yahoo.com
echo strchr($st, "#"); //
?>
- Hm tm v tr chui con strpos($st1,$st2): Hm tr v v tr chui con u tin ca cui
$st2 trong chui $st1, nu khng tm thy th kt qu tr v l FALSE
V d 5.57: Tr v v tr u tin ca chui trong chui
<?php
echo strpos($st,"yahoo"); // v tr 10
echo strpos($st,"gmail"); //
?>
- Hm tm kim v thay th str_replace($st1, $st2, $st): Hm tm kim chui $st1 trong
chui $st, nu tm thy th thay th chui $st1 bng chui $st2 trong chui $st.
V d 5.58: Tm kim v thay th yahoo bng gmail, hotmail bng gmail
<?php
echo str_replace('yahoo', 'gmail', $st); //hodienloi@gmail.com
echo str_replace('hotmail', 'gmail', $st); //hodienloi@yahoo.com
?>
- Hm strrev($st ): o ngc 1 xu.
V d 5.59: o xu k t
<?php
echo strrev("Hello world!"); // kt qu tr v l "!dlrow olleH"
?>
- Hm tch chui explode($ch,$st): Hm tch chui $st thnh nhiu phn t con bng cch
ch nh chui tch $ch v gn tng chui con vo cc phn t ca mng
V d 5.60: Tch chui thnh nhiu phn t mng
<?php
$st="Xin cho tt c cc bn trong lp";
$mang = explode(' ',$st);
for($i=0 ; $i<count($mang); $i++)
echo "T th $i l: ".$mang[$i]."</br>";
?>
- Hm kt hp chui implode($ch, $mang): Hm kt hp cc phn t ca mng thnh mt
chui cc phn t khi rp thnh chui s cch nhau bng mt ch th $ch.
Vi d 5.61: Ni nhiu phn mng thnh mt chui.
<?php
$array = array('Xin', 'cho', 'tt', 'c', 'cc', 'bn');
$st = implode(" ", $array);
echo $st; //Kt qu xut ra l: Xin cho tt c cc bn
?>
- Hm i s thnh k t trong bng m ASCII chr():
V d 5.62: Chuyn m thnh k t trong bng m ASCII
<?php
for($i =15 ;$i<25; $i++)
echo chr($i).","; //kt qu l: , , , , , , , , , ,
?>
- Php ton ni chui (.)
V d 5.63: Ni hai chui
<?php
$ho_dem = 'H Din';
$ten = 'Li';
$ho_ten =$ho_dem .' '. $ten;
echo $ho_ten; // H Din Li
?>
b. Kiu d liu s
- Hm gi tr tuyt i: abs(x)
V d 5.64: Gi tr tuyt ca -5
<?php
echo abs(-5);
?>
- Hm lm trn: round(x[,i])
V d 5.65: Hm lm trn s
<?php
$so = 1234.56789;
echo round($so,2) // kt qu l 1234.57
?>
- Hm lm ly phn nguyn: floor(x)
V d 5.66: Hm ly phn nguyn
<?php
$so = 123.678;
echo floor($so); // kt qu ca hm l 123
?>
- Hm ex : exp(x)
V d 5.67: Hm ex
<?php
echo exp(3);
?>
- Hm lng gic: sin(x), cos(x), tan(x) vi x radian
V d 5.68: Tnh sin, cos, tan ca 30
<?php
define("PI",3.14);
echo sin(PI*30/180); // kt qu 0.4997701026431
echo cos(PI*30/180);// kt qu 0.86615809440546
echo tan(PI*30/180); //Kt qu 0.57699640039287
?>
- Hm cn bc hai: sqrt(x)
V d 5.69:
<?php
$so = 36;
echo sqrt($so); // Kt qu l 6
?>
- Hm ngu nhin trong khong: rand(n1,n2)
V d 5.70:
<?php
echo rand(10,20);
?>
- Hm logaric: log(x)
V d 5.71:
<?php
$so = 20;
echo log($so); // kt qu 2.995732273554
?>
- Hm m: pow(a, x)
V d 5.72:
<?php
$so = 10;
echo pow($so,2);
?>
- Hm pi(): Hm tr v gi tr l s pi, hm khng c tham s.
V d 5.73:
<?php
$so = pi();
echo $so*10; // 31.415926535898
?>
- Hm range(gt1,gt2): Hm ly gi tr nguyn trong khong gt1 gt2
V d 5.74:
<?php
foreach (range(0, 12) as $number)
{
echo $number;
}
echo "</br>";
foreach (range(0, 100, 10) as $number)

{
echo $number;
}
?>
- Hm number_format(): nh dng s
V d 5.75:
<?php
$number = 1234.56;
echo number_format($number)."</br>"; //1.235
echo number_format($number, 2, ',', ' ')."</br>"; //1 234,46
$number = 1234.5678;
echo number_format($number, 2, '.', '');//1234.57
?>
c. Kiu d liu ngy, gi
- Hm checkdate() kim tra ngy nhp vo c hp l khng?
C php: checkdate ($month , $day, $year )
Trong : Hm tr v gi tr ng hoc sai.
$month, $day, $year: l kiu d liu s nguyn, l thng ngy nm c nhp vo kim
tra.
V d 5.76:
<?php
$day = 29;
$month = 2;
$year = 2010;
$kq=checkdate($month, $day, $year);
if($kq)
{
echo "Ngay thang hop le";
}
else
{
echo "Ngay thang khong hop le";
}
?>
- Hm date()
C php: date ($format [,$timestamp ] )
Trong :
Hm tr v mt chui c qui nh bi chui nh dng $format
Nu $format =
D
Ngy c dng hai ch s 01- 31
D
Th trong tun c 3 k t Mon - Sun
J
Ngy c c dng 1-31
L/l Th trong tun c vit y Monday - Sunday
N
Cho ra s th t ca ngy trong tun (1-7)1: Monday 7: Sunday
W
Cho ra s th t ngy trong tun 0: Monday 6: Sunday
Z
Cho ra ngy th my trong nm(0 - 365)
W
Cho ra s th t tun trong 1 nm
F
Cho ra tn thng y t January ti December trong nm
M
Cho ra thng t 01 - 12
M
Cho ra tn thng ch c 3 k t u t Jan n Dec
N
Cho ra thng t 1 - 12
Y
Cho ra nm c 4 ch s 2009
Y
Cho ra nm c 2 ch s 09
A
Dng AM v PM
A
Dng am v pm
G
nh dng ng h 12
H
Cho ra gi 0 -23 h
H
Cho ra gi 1- 12h
I
Cho ra pht (0-59)
S
Cho ra giy(0-59)
- Ly gi tr ca ngy hin ti: getdate()
Hm tr v mng gm 11 phn t lu tr cc gi tr(seconds, minutes, hours, mday,
wday, mon, year, yday, weekday, month, 0) ca ngy thng nm hin ti.
V d:
<?php
$today = getdate();
print_r($today);
?>
- Ly thi gian hin ti: time()
- Chuyn chui thnh thi gian: strtotime()

- Kim tra v chuyn thi gian sang n v giy: mktime()
- nh dng thi gian thnh s nguyn: idate()
IV. Biu mu form
1.
c im form
Form l mt thnh phn ca trang web. Chng ta s xy dng form bng cch thm vo
form ni dung v cc i tng th hin (textField, Textarea, Button, RadioButton,
CheckBox, List/Menu) sau nh dng chng.
Cc thuc tnh c bn ca form:
- name: tn form
- action: hnh ng
- method: phng thc
- v tr: _top, _parent, _self, _black
Ch : khi mun ly c gi tr trn form a v x l trang no th action s ch ra trang
.
Phng thc l cch thc ly gi tr trn form. Chng ta c hai phng thc sau: POST v
GET
+ POST: chuyn gi tr trn form v nhn c cc gi tr ny chng ta dng bin
$_POST hoc $_REQUEST.
+ GET: chuyn gi tr trn form v nhn c cc gi tr ny chng ta dng bin $_GET
hoc $_REQUEST.
2.
Biu mu s dng phng thc $_POST
a. c im
- Bin $_POST c dng ly cc gi tr trn form thng qua phng thc POST. Thng
tin c gi t form vi phng thc ny khng gii hn dung lng thng tin gi i.
- Thng tin c gi bng phng thc POST s khng hin th ln a ch URL nn ngi
dng khng th thy c.
b. Cch s dng
C php ly gi tr ca mt i tng trn form sau khi form submit:
$_POST[tn iu kin];
V d: To biu mu nhp vo 2 s tnh tnh tng v cho ra kt qu form
<?php
if(strlen($_POST["so_a"])&& strlen($_POST["so_b"]))
{
$a = $_POST["so_a"];
$b = $_POST["so_b"];
$kq = $a + $b;
}
else
{
$kq = "Bn cha nhp gi tr vo textfield";
}
?>
<form name="form1" method="post" action="vd.php">
<table width="600" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="4">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><span class="style1">TNH
TNG CA HAI S V TR GI TR LI FORM</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" align="right" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFCCFF">S A</td>
<td width="422" bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><label>
<input type="text" name="so_a" value="<?php echo $_POST["so_a"]; ?>">
</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFCCFF">S B </td>
<td bgcolor="#FFCCFF"><label>
<input type="text" name="so_b" value="<?php echo $_POST["so_b"]; ?>">
</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFCCFF">Kt qu</td>
<input name="kq" type="text" id="kq" value="<?php echo $kq;?>" size="30">
</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right" valign="middle" bgcolor="#FFCCFF"> </td>
<input type="submit" name="button" id="button" value="Submit">
</label></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
3.
Biu mu s dng phng thc $_GET
Ly gi tr bng phng thc
Chng 6: Hng i tng trong PHP

I.
Khi nim
Mt lp c hiu l mt kiu d liu c bit bao gm cc thuc tnh v cc phng thc

c nh ngha t trc. y l s tru tng ha ca i tng. Mt i tng s c
xc lp khi n c thc t ha t mt lp. Khc vi kiu d liu thng thng, mt lp l
mt n v (tr tng) bao gm s kt hp gia cc phng thc v cc thuc tnh.
II.
To lp
Lp l tp hp cc bin v cc hm theo thut ng ca OOP, lp l tp hp cc thuc tnh

v cc phng thc. Ngoi cc lp th vin c xy dng sn, chng ta c th to ra cc
lp ring cn gi l lp do ngi dng t nh ngha.
Cu trc ca mt lp bao gm cc t kha class, tn_lp, du ngoc {} bao li cc cu
lnh bn trong lp:
C php:
class <tn_lp>
{
// Khai bo cc thuc tnh ca lp.
// Gn v ly gi tr ca thuc tnh.
// To i tng ca lp.
}
Trong :
- Khai bo cc thuc tnh ca lp
Thuc tnh l thnh phn lu tr cc tnh cht, c im ca i tng. ng vi mi thuc
tnh chng ta khai bo mt bin bt u bng t kho var lu tr gi tr ca chng.
Cch khai bo:
var <tn_thuc_tnh_1>;
..
Ch : Chng ta cng c th khi gn gi tr cho tn bin.
V d:
Class vidu_lop
{
var $text;
..
}
- Ly cc gi tr cho cc thuc tnh
+ Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh

Mt thuc tnh ban u cn phi c gi tr, do chng ta cn phi gn gi tr cho thuc
tnh.
C php:
function set_name ($gi_tr)
{
$this -><$tn_thuc_tnh> =$gi_tr;
}
V d: Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh name.
function set_vidu($text)
{
$this ->name =$text;
{
+ Ly gi tr ca thuc tnh.
Trc khi mun dng thuc tnh th chng ta cn phi ly gi tr ca thuc tnh.
C php:
function get_name()
{
return $this -> <tn_thuc_tnh>;
}
V d: Ly gi tr ca thuc tnh
function get_vidu()
{
return $this ->name;
{
Ch : Trong lp chng ta c th truy cp thng qua con tr $this. Con tr lp dng ch
lp hin ti ang lm vic.
III. S dng lp
Sau khi xy dng xong lp chng ta c th s dng lp: trc tin cn khi to i tng,
sau gn gi tr cho cc thuc tnh v gi s dng cc phng thc ca lp.
- To i tng:
khai bo mt i tng chng ta dng t kha new tip l tn lp.
C php:
$name_opp = new <tn_class>();
V d: To i tng
$opp = new vidu_lop();
- Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh lp.
$name_opp ->set_name(<gi tr>);
V d: Gn gi tr cho
$opp->set_vidu("Cho bn");
- S dng cc phng thc lp
s dng phng thc chng ta ch cn gi tn phng thc vi cc gi tr truyn vo cho
tham s nu c.
C php:
$name_opp ->get_name(tham s nu c);
V d: S dng phng thc
$opp->get_vidu();
V d: Tnh tng hai s
<?php
class phep_tinh
{
var $so1;
var $so2;
// so thu nhat
// Lay gia tri cua so thu nhat
function lay_gt_1()
{
return $this->a;
}
// Gan gia tri cho so thu nhat
function gan_gt_1($so1)
{
$this->a = $so1;
}
// so thu hai
// Lay gia tri cua so thu hai
function lay_gt_2()
{
return $this->b;
}
// Gan gia tri cho so thu hai
function gan_gt_2($so2)
{
$this->b = $so1;
}
// Phuong thuc
function tong()
{
return $this->a + $this->b;
}
}
$tinh = new phep_tinh();
$tinh->gan_gt_1(6);
$tinh->gan_gt_1(8);
echo "a+b =".$tinh->tong();
?>
IV. K tha
1. Khi nim k tha
2. Chng hm
Chng 7: To web ng
I.
S dng tp tin dng chung
s dng cc on m bn ngoi, chng ta c th s dng khai bo tin x l include v

require. Cho php chng ta xy dng cc hm cc hng s, v bt k on m no sau c
th chn vo cc on kch bn.
Require khc include l, n c th lm thay i ni dung ca trang hin ti khi bin dch, cc
trang ny dng khai bo cc bin, cc hng s hay cc on m n gin khng c vng
lp. Khi include cho php thc hin cc cu lnh phc tp c cu lnh to chu trnh. N
ch s dng cc hm nh nhng hm ngoi ca chng trnh.
V d:
Header
Menu_main
Memu_left
Hot information
Content
Fooder
1. REQUIRE
a. Cch s dng
i vi phng thc require(), tt c ni dung bn trong file c chn vo s c bin
dch.
Khi chng ta mun s dng on chng trnh c vit sn v tr no trong trang th
chng ta ch cn dng require() chn file cha on chng trnh ny v tr .
C php:
require("tn v ng dn ca tp tin");
V d:
on chng trnh di y c vit trang chao.php
<?php
echo "Hello my class";
?>
Cn on chng trnh di c vit trong home.php
<?php
echo "y l on chng trnh hng dn hc PHP v MYSQL<br>";
require("chao.php");
echo "<br> n vi chng trnh ny";
?>
b. Cc tp tin ng dng trong require()
PHP khng quy nh cch t tn tp tin c chn vo bng require(). V vy, chng ta c
th t tn tp tin ty . Khi chng ta dng require() chn tp tin ny vo, ni dung ca
tp tin s tr thnh mt phn trong trang web.
Thng thng, cc cu lnh PHP pch vit trong cc tp tin .html s khng thc hin c.
Chng s thc hin c khi chng c vit di trong cc tp tin .php. V vy, khi vit
cc cu lnh PHP trong cc tp tin c dng chn ny, ta nn chn kiu tp tin thch hp
nh . inc hay . php cc lnh ny c th bin dch c khi thc thi.
c. Th PHP v require()
Cc lnh PHP cn phi c bao bi cp th PHP <?php v ?>. Nu chng ta khng c th
PHP <?php v ?> khi vit lnh PHP th cc lnh PHP ny s tr thnh dng vn bn hoc
HTML v khng th thc thi c.
d. Dng require() cho cc template
Nu ng dng web ca chng ta c cng mt mu thit k nhng ch khc nhau v ni dung
bn trong th chng ta s to ra mt mu template v ch cn khai bo cc bin trnh by d
liu bn trong template.
Khi template ny c thc thi, tt c cc bin ny s c gi tr v trnh by nh mt nh
dng template c s dng nhiu ln.
V d: Thng thng trong ng dng web phn header v fooder thng c hin thi
hu ht cc trang, v vy ta s to ra trang header.inc v fooder.inc cha nh dng v ni
dung phn cui trang. Sau , trang no ca ng dng c s dng header v fooder th
chng ta s chn hai trang ny vo.
im c bit v quan trng nht ca kt hp ny l sau khi chng ta thc hin nhiu
trang c chn cc trang header.inc v fooder.inc, chng ta c th d dng thay i trang
header.inc v fooder.inc ny. V ch cn lu li cc thay i th tt c cc trang chn cc
trang ny s t ng thay i.
2. INCLUDE
a. Cch s dng
include() cng c cch s dng tng t require(). Tuy nhin, chng c mt im khc nhau
cn phi lu l khi ni dung b li th dng require() s xut hin thng bo li, trong
khi dng include() s ch xut hin cnh bo.
Trong nhng tp tin c dng require() th ta khng nn s dng cc cu trc iu khin v s
khng hiu qu.
C php:
include("tn tp tin v ng dn n tp tin");
V d: Trang tnh ton c ni dung nh sau:
<?php
if($a ==1)
{
require("tinh_tong.php");
}
else
{
require("tinh_tong.php");
}
?>
Trong v d ny khi thc thi trang tinh_toan.php, ni dung bn trong c hai tp tin l
tinh_tong.php v tinh_hieu.php u c bin dch, trong khi ch c mt trong hai trng
hp ng v ch cn bin dch mt tp tin khi tha mn iu kin ng l . Nh vy, dng
require() trong trng hp ny s khng cn thch hp, thay vo chng ta dng include().
<?php
if($a ==1)
{
include("tinh_tong.php");
}
else
{
include("tinh_tong.php");
}
?>
b. require_once() v include_once()
Hm require_once() v include_once() l hai dng bin i ca hm require() v include().
Mc ch ca hai hm ny tr nn hu ch khi chng ta bt u s dng chng chn cc

th vin v cc hm vo, s dng cc cu trc ny gip chng ta trnh c vic chn cng
mt hm hay th vin ln th hai bi khi hm khai bo li mt hm c xy dng s
c pht sinh li.
Vic chn vo hai ln cng mt tp tin thng xy ra khi xy dng cc ng dng ln, khi
nhiu tp tin th vin khc nhau c chn vo trong cng mt require_once() hay
include_once() th trong ln u tin cch thc hot ng ca n cng ging nh require()
hay include(). Tuy nhin, require_once() v include_once() nu c gi chn tp tin
c chn th file ny s khng chn c chn vo na. Hm ny l mt cng c thng
minh cho vic to ra cc th vin dng li.
c. ng dn ca file c chn
S dng cc hm c gii thiu trn truy cp cc th vin c th lm tng tnh
mm do ca ng dng. Tuy nhin, vn cn c mt vn xy ra.
d. V d
II.
M tp tin v th mc
1. Tp tin
a. Ch m tp tin
m mt tp tin, chng ta cn xc nh ch m. C 3 ty chn cho ch m file:
- M file ch read only, write only hay c read v write.
- M file tn ti: chng ta c th ghi hay ghi thm vo ni dung ang c ca file.
Trong trng hp ghi thm vo ni dung c ca file, c hai cch ghi l ghi vo
u tp tin v ghi vo cui ca tp tin.
- Khi mun ghi file h thng th chng ta cn ch nh ch ghi file l nh phn hoc
text.
Phn loi cc ch m file:
Ch M t
r
Ch c file, bt u c u file
r+
c v ghi file: Bt u t u file
Ch ghi file. M v xa ton b ni dung ca file c hoc to ra mt file
w
mi nu file khng tn ti, sau ghi ni dung vo file.
c v ghi. M v xa ton b ni dung ca file c hoc to ra mt file
w+
mi nu file khng tn ti, sau ghi ni dung vo file
Ch ghi file. M v ghi ni dung vo cui file hoc to ra mt file mi nu
a
file khng tn ti.
a+
Ghi v c d liu. M v ghi ni dung vo cui file hoc to ra mt file mi
x
x+
nu file khng tn ti.

To v m file ghi. To ra mt file mi v ghi ni dung vo file. Nu file
tn ti, tr v gi tr FALSE v thng bo li.
To v m file c v ghi. To ra mt file mi v ghi ni dung vo file.
Nu file tn ti, tr v gi tr FALSE v thng bo li.
b. M tp tin
m tp tin chng ta s dng hm fopen().
C php:
fopen(<tn_tp_tin>,<ch m>)
V d: M file vidu.txt trong th mc vidu_web, vi ch m ch c.
<?php
$f = fopen("vidu.txt", "r");
?>
c. c tp tin
- Kim tra kt thc tp tin
kim tra trng thi kt thc tp tin hay cha chng ta s dng hm feof()
C php:
feof($f)
Trong $f l bin khai bo nhn gi tr tr v ca hm fopen(). Hm tr v kt qu l
TRUE nu con tr cui file.
V d:
<?php
if(feof($f))
{
echo " kt thc tp tin";
}
?>
- Duyt v c tng dng ni dung trong tp tin
Khi m file chng ta c th c ni dung c m theo tng dng bng hm fgets().
Hm s tr v l chui c di xc nh, mc nh di l 1024.
C php:
fgets($f [, int di])
V d:
<?php
while(!feof($f))
{
$noidung =fgets($f);
echo $noidung. "</br>";
}
fclose($f);
?>
- Duyt v c t k t trong tp tin
c ni dung tp tin theo tng k t 1 ta s dng hm fgetc()
C php:
fgetc($f)
V d:
<?php
while(!feof($f))
{
$noidung =fgetc($f);
echo $noidung;
}
fclose($f);
?>
- c ton b ni dung tp tin
c ton b ni dung tp tin ta s dng hm readfile().
C php:
readfile(<ng dn v tn tp tin>);
<?php
$f = "vidu.txt";
echo readfile($f);
?>
d. nh dng tp tin.
Trc khi ghi chui vo file, chng ta cn phi nh dng li chui theo nhu cu xut d
liu tr li khi c file.
Cch thc nh dng l do chng ta t thit lp. Tuy nhin, c mt s nh dng c quy
nh sn nh sau:
+ \t : nhy tab
+ \n : xung dng
e. Ghi ni dung tp tin
ghi ni dung vo tp tin ta s dng hm fwrite()
C php:
fwrite(<tp tin>, <ni dung [, < di>]>);
V d:
f. ng tp tin.
ng tp tin m ta s dng hm fclose()
C php:
fclose($f)
Trong $f l tn bin nhn gi tr tr v ca hm fopen()
g. Kim tra s tn ti ca tp tin
m file ta thng gp hai trng thi, file c hoc file khng tn ti.
kim tra s tn ti ca file ta s dng hm file_exists() hoc is_file()
C php:
file_exists(<tp tin>)
Trong : Hm tr v kt qu TRUE hoc FALSE, nu tn ti tr v gi tr l TRUE, ngc
li tr v gi tr FALSE
V d:
<?php
$f = "vidu.txt";
if (!file_exists($f))
{
echo "khng ton tai file";
exit;
} else {
echo readfile($f);
}
?>
h. Kim tra kch thc file

kim tra kch thc file ta s dng hm filesize()
C php:
filesize(<ng dn v tn ca file>);
Vi d: Kim tra kch thc tp tin
<?php
$f = "vidu.txt";
echo "Size :".filesize($f);
?>
k. Xa tp tin
xa tp tin ta s dng hm unlink()
C php:
unlink(<tp tin>)
V d: Xa tp tin vidu.txt
<?php
$f = "vidu.txt";
if (!unlink($f))
{
echo "Khong xoa dc tap tin $f";
} else {
echo "da xoa tap tin $f";
}
?>
2. Th mc
a. To th mc
to th mc ta s dng hm mkdir()
C php:
mkdir(<tn th mc>);
V d: To th mc
<?php
mkdir("DIENLOI");
?>
b. Kim tra th mc
kim tra th mc ta s dng hm is_dir(), tr v TRUE nu tn ti th mc, ngc li l
FASLE.
C php:
is_dir(<th mc>)
V d: Kim tra s tn ti ca th mc
<?php
if(!is_dir("DIENLOI"))
{
echo "Khong ton tai thu muc";
}
else
{
echo "Ton tai thu muc";
}
?>
c. M th mc
m th mc ta s dng hm opendir(). Kt qu tr v s l ngun(cha cc th mc v
tp tin) ca th mc nu th mc m thnh cng, ngc li tr v gi tr False.
C php:
opendir(<tn th mc>)
V d: M th mc
<?php
$dir = opendir("Vidu_php");
?>
d. ng th mc
Khi dng xong th mc, cn phi ng th mc bng hm closedir()
C php:
closedir(<tn th mc>)
V d: ng th mc
<?php
closedir("Vidu_php");
?>
e. Duyt th mc
Chng ta duyt th mc bng cch s dng vo lp kt hp vi hm readdir()
C php:
readdir(<tn th mc>)
V d:
<?php
$dir =opendir("Vidu_php");
while(($file = readdir($dir))==true)
{
echo $file."</br>";
}
closedir($dir)
?>
III. Upload tp tin ln server.
1. Gii thiu
Trong hu ht cc ng dng web, thng thng ngi dng c th upload file ln server. i
vi ng dng web xy dng bng ngn ng PHP chng ta cng c th xy dng cho ngi
dng upload file ln server.
2. Cc bc upload file
Bi 1: To form upload file:
<form action ="upload_file.php" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data">
<label for ="file"> Tn file </label>
<input type ="file" name ="file_upload" id ="file" />
</br>
<input type ="submit" name ="submit" value ="Upload file" />
</form>
Ch :
+ i vi form upload file th trn th form chng ta b sung thm thuc tnh enctype
="multipart/form-data".
+ Method c s dng theo phng thc POST
+ Nu mun quyt nh kch c ti a ca tp tin upload th trong th input FileField upload
chng ta b sung thm thuc tnh value = kch thc ti a n v tnh l byte, lc ny
thuc tnh name ca file field c gi tr l MAX_FILE_SIZE.
Bc 2: Vit code thc hin vic upload file
<?php
if($_FILES["file_upload"]["error"]>0)
{
echo "Li ca file ".$_FILES["file_upload"]["error"]."</br>";
}
else
{
echo "Upload:".$_FILES["file_upload"]["name"]."</br>";
echo "Type:".$_FILES["file_upload"]["type"]."</br>";
echo "Upload:".($_FILES["file_upload"]["size"]/1024)."Kb</br>";
echo "Temp file: ".$_FILES["tmp_file"]."</br>";
if (file_exists("upload/".$_FILES["file_upload"]["name"]))
{
echo $_FILES["file_upload"]["name"]."a ton tai";
}
else
{
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file_upload"]["tmp_name"],"Upload/".$_FILES["file_
upload"]["name"]);
echo "Lu tr "."Upload/".$_FILES["file_upload"]["name"];
}
}
?>
Bng cch s dng bin $_FILES[tn_k_field] [tn thuc tnh] ta c th upload file t my
client sang server.
Trong , tham s th nht l tn iu khin filefield trn form, tham s th hai l mt trong
nhng thuc tnh nh: name(tn file), type(loi file), size(kch thc byte tnh theo byte),
tmp_name(tn tm ca file), error(li)
Vi on code trn, trc tin ta kim tra file upload c b li hay khng, nu c li th
thng bo li, ngc li in ra cc thuc tnh ca file upload. Sau kim tra xem trong th
mc upload c file ny hay cha, nu c th thng bo, ngc li th s dng hm
move_uploaded_file(file_tm, ni lu tr upload) di chuyn th mc v th mc lu tr
file trn server.
IV. PHP Cookies
1. Khi nim
Cookie c s dng xc nh thng tin ca ngi dng. Cookie l mt file nh c
server lu tr xung tng my tnh ca ngi dng. Mi khi my tnh ny yu cu mt trang
ti trnh duyt, n cng s gi theo cookie. Vi PHP ta c th to ra v s dng gi tr ca

bin cookie.
2. Khai bo cookie
Dng hm setcookie() khai bo mt bin cookie.
Ch : Hm ny t trn th <html>
C php:
setcookie(name, value, expire [,path, domain]);
Trong :
+ Name: tn bin cookie
+ value : gi tr
+ expire: thi gian gii hn dnh cho cookie n v tnh l giy. Nu thi gian khng c
thit lp trong hm setcookie(), bin cookie s cn hiu lc cho n khi ngi dng xa tp
tin cookie.
+ path: ng dn
+ domain: tn min ca website.
V d:
setcookie("username","ho dien loi", time()+3600);
Ch : Gi tr ca bin s c t ng m ha khi gi cookie i, t ng gii m khi nhn
cookie v .
3. S dng cookie
Khi ngi dng mun s dng bin cookie ng k chng ta dng bin $_COOKIE
c gi tr bin cookie.
C php:
$gi_tr = $_COOKIE[tn bin cookie];
V d:
$username = $_COOKIE["username"]; // ho dien loi
4. Hy cookie
Khi hy bin cookie chng ta cn kim tra li thi gian gii hn dnh cho bin cookie
ny(c thit lp khi chng ta to ra bin cookie). Sau chng ta s dng hm setcookie()
hy bng cch t gia tr cho bin cookie bng "" v thi gian =- thi gian gii hn.
C php:
setcookie(name, "" , time() thi gian gii hn);

V d:
setcookie("username","", time()-3600);
V.
PHP Sessions
1. Khi nim
Khi lm vic vi 1 ng dng, chng ta s m ng dng ln, lm vic v ng ng dng li.
My tnh s bit c ta l ai, bit chng ta m ng dng v ng ng dng li. Nhng trn
trnh duyt web khng bit ta l ai v chng ta lm g bi v giao thc HTTP khng duy tr
trng thi.
Session gii quyt vn ny bng cch cho php chng ta lu tr thng tin ngi dng trn
trnh duyt web. Tuy nhin thng tin sesion ch tm thi v s b xa sau khi ngi dng ri
khi ng dng web. Nu cn, chng ta c th lu tr trong CSDL.
2. Cch thc hot ng
Session lm vic bng cch to ra mt a ch duy nht (UID) cho mi ngi s dng. UID
c gi tr l mt chui s ngu nhin. UID c th c lu tr trong cookie hoc c
truyn ln URL.
Ngoi UID, bn c th khi to v s dng mt s bin session do ngi dng khai bo, tt
c cc session ny c gi tr cho mi ngi s dng khi h truy cp n ng dng web.
3. Khi ng Session
Trc khi lu tr thng tin ngi dng vo session, chng ta phi khi ng session.
Ch : Hm khi ng session phi t pha trn th <html>
C php:
session_start();
hm ny s ng k session vi trnh duyt, cho php chng ta bt u lu tr thng tin
ngi dng v t UID.
4. t k Session
Chng ta dng bin $_SESSION nhn v lu tr gi tr ca bin session.
C php:
$_SESSION["ten_bien_session"] ="gi tri";
V d:
5. S dng Session
Khi mun s dng cc bin session hoc gi tr lu tr trong bin session ng k chng
ta cng dng bin $_SESSION c gi tr bin session.
C php:
$gia_tri=$_SESSION["ten_bien_session"];
V d: To form ng nhp thnh ti khon thnh vin
6. Hy bin Session
a. Hy ton b cc bin session
Khi chng ta khng dng n cc bin session na chng ta c th hy ton b cc bin
session m chng ta ng k bng cch s dng hm session_destroy()
C php:
session_destroy();
b. Hy mt bin session
Khi chng ta khng cn dng bin session no th chng ta c th dng hm unset() hy
b bin session .
C php:
unset($_SESSION[tn bin session]);
VI. Gi E-mail trong PHP
PHP cho php ngi dng to ra form gi mail n a ch mail xc nh. gi mail s
dng hm mail(to,subject,message,headers,parameters vi cc tham s sau:
To:
a ch ngi nhn
Subject:
Tiu ca ni dung th
Message:
Ni dung th
Headers
Tiu b sung: Ngi gi email
Parameters:
V d: Form Mail
V d: Ly thng tin t Form

<?php
$to = $_POST['to'];
$headers =$_POST['headers'];
$subject=$_POST['subject'];
$message =$_POST['message'];
$headers ="Form: $headers";
mail($to,$subject,$message,$headers);
?>
Chng 8: C S D LIU MYSQL

I.
Tng quan
1. Gii thiu CSDL

a. Khi nim
CDSL l mt tp hp d liu c lu tr mt cch c t chc nhm gip vic xem, tm
kim v ly thng tin c nhanh chng v chnh xc, gip gim cng sc v thi gian qu
l thng tin cn thit.
b. Chc nng.
- Lu tr
D liu c lu tr trn a v ngi dng c th chuyn i d liu t CSDL ny sang
CSDL khc.
Ty theo quy m ca ng dng m chng ta c th chn CSDL ln hay nh. Nu quy m
nh th chng ta chn Access, MySQL, nu quy m ln th chng ta c th chn SQL
Server, Oracle, DB2,
- Truy cp
Ty thuc vo mc ch v yu cu ca ngi s dng m c nhng mc truy cp khc
nhau: cc b, chia s, truy cp d liu gia cc CSDL khc nhau.
- T chc
Cch t chc CSDL, ty thuc vo m hnh CSDL, cch phn tch v thit k CSDL v cc
c im ring ca tng ng dng.
- X l
X l d liu l vic s dng cc truy vn cng cc php ton truy xut cc kt qu theo
yu cu ca ngi dng.
c. Cc loi CSDL
- CSDL phn cp(Hierachical Database)
CSDL phn cp c cu trc cy, d liu c t chc di dng tp tin trn a.
u im: Tc truy cp nhanh v chng c quan h trc tip vi nhau.
Khuyt im: khng dng cho cc ng dng c quan h phc tp.
- CSDL hng i tng(Object Oriented Database)
CSDL hng i tng l CSDL m trong mt bng d liu c th c khai bo nh
mt field ca bng d liu khc.
- CSDL quan h(Relation Database)
CSDL quan h l CSDL m cc bng d liu c quan h vi cc bng khc thng qua cc
mi quan h.
d. Cc i tng chnh ca CSDL
Tuy c rt nhiu CSDL khc nhau nhng trong mn hc ny chng ta ch tm hiu v CSDL
quan h.
- Bng d liu(table)
Bng d liu l thnh phn trung tm ca CSDL, c dng lu tr thng tin ca CSDL.
Cch thit k cc bng d liu c vai tr rt quan trng v n quyt nh tnh hiu qu trong
vic lu tr thng tin.
Trong mt CSDL c nhiu bng, mi bng dng lu tr mt nhm thng tin khc nhau.
Cu trc ca bng d liu gm hai thnh phn dng v ct
Ct: l mt khi d liu trong bng, c cng loi d liu.
Mi ct c cc thng tin chnh sau:
+ Tn ct: dng phn bit vi cc ct khc trong bng, do vy n c tnh duy nht, tn ct
khng dng cc k t c bit
+ Kiu d liu ca ct: xc nh loi kiu d liu no c php lu tr trong ct
Dng: l tp hp cc thng tin ca tt c cc ct trong bng
- Quan h(relation)
L thnh phn c dng to mi lin kt gia cc bng d liu vi nhau nhm m bo
tnh nht qun, ng n ca d liu trong CSDL.
e. H qun tr CSDL
Hu ht cc CSDL u da vo mt h qun tr CSDL qun l cc d liu c lu tr
bn trong cc CSDL v lm cho CSDL d dng n c vi ngi dng khi cn truy
cp cc thng tin khc nhau.
Mt h qun tr CSDL ti thiu phi c kh nng lu tr d liu v cho php d liu c th
trao i vi cc CSDL khc.
Tuy nhin, hu ht cc h qun tr CSDL c nhiu tnh nng hn:
- Qun l d liu.
- Duy tr bo v
- Duy tr d liu
- Qun l cc giao dch.

f. SQL (Structure Query Language)
SQL l mt ngn ng cho php thc hin cc thao tc rt trch, tnh ton, cp nht trn cc
d liu c lu tr trong CSDL.
2. CSDL MySQL
a. Gii thiu
CSDL MySQL l tp hp cc i tng: bng, bng o cho php ngi dng lu tr v
xut cc thng tin c t chc v lu tr bn trong .
b. c im
- MySQL c s dng cho cc ng dng web c quy m va v nh.
- Ngi dng c th s dng giao din ha hay dng dng lnh thc hin cc thao tc
trn CSDL.
c. Cc tp tin vt l lu tr CSDL
Mi bng trong CSDL c to ra s c lu tr di 3 tp tin vt l:
- .frm: lu cu trc ca bng
- .MYD: lu ni dung ca bng
- .MYI: lu ch mc ca bng.
Cc tp tin d liu ny s c t ng lu tr trong th mc:
Wamp\mysql\data\tn_CSDL.
d. Quy tc t tn cho CSDL, bng, ch mc, ct v nh danh
- Chiu di ca tn
Loi
Chiu di ti a (byte)
Database
64
Table
64
Index
64
Column
64
Alias
255
Chiu di ti a (k t khng du)

64
64
64
64
255
- Quy tc t tn
+ Tn khng kt thc bng khong trng.
+ Tn CSDL khng c cc k t '/', '\', '.', hoc cc k t khng cho php khi t tn cho th
mc ( \, /, :, *, ", <, >)
+ Tn bng khng c cc k t '/', '\', '.', hoc cc k t khng cho php khi t tn cho tp
tin ( \, /, :, *, ", <, >, |)
+ Chiu di ca tn ti a l 64 k t khng du. Nu chng ta s dng cc k t a byte th
chiu di s da trn tng s byte ca tt c cc k t c dng.
e. To CSDL
C hai cch to mt CSDL l dng giao din ha hoc dng dng lnh.
Cc thuc tnh ca CSDL
+ Tn CSDL: phi duy nht trong h qun tr CSDL.
+ V tr lu tr: khi to mi mt CSDL h thng s t ng to ra mt th mc c tn l tn
CSDL v c lu tr ti th mc wamp\mysql\data\
V d: CSDL khoacntt
Bc 1: khi ng phpMyadmin
Bc 2: Trong mn hnh giao din ha, nhp tn CSDL vo create new database v chn
cc thng tin khc (nu cn)
Bc 3: Nhn Create hon thnh vic to CSDL.

- S dng cu lnh SQL
C php lnh SQL to CSDL:
CREATE DATABSE name_database
[[DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET <character set name>]
[[DEFAULT] COLLATE <collation name>]
Trong :
+ CHARACTER SET : xc nh b k t mc nh cho CSDL mi
+ COLLATE: Xc nh b collation
+ Character set name: Tn ca mt b m bao gm cc k t, k t s, v biu tng lu
tr thng tin trong CSDL.
+ Collation name: tn mt b m ty theo tng khu vc da trn b m chun character set
name.
Cch thc hin:
Bc 1: Khi ng phpMyAdmin
Bc 2: Chn database
Bc 3: Chn SQL
Bc 4: Vit lnh SQL
Bc 5: Nhn Go kt thc vic to CSDL

V d: To CSDL khoacntt
CREATE DATABASE `khoacntt1` ;
f. Xa CSDL
- Xa bng giao din ha
Bc 1: Chn CSDL cn xa - nhn Drop
Bc 2: Xc nh li vic xa CSDL, sau chn OK xa
- S dng lnh SQL

C php lnh:
DROP DATABASE name_database
V d: Xa CSDL khoacntt
DROP DATABASE `khoacntt`
II.
Bng(Table)
1. Khi nim
Bng trong MySQL dng lu tr thng tin ca nhng i tng, thc th trong th gii
thc mun c lu tr vo trong my tnh.
Cc thng tin trong bng s c t chc theo dng dng v ct.
2. Thuc tnh
a. Tn bng
Tn bng do ngi dng t tn, tn bng phi duy nht trong mt CSDL.
b. Cc thuc tnh ca ct trong bng
- Tn ct: do ngi dng t v tn ct l duy nht trong bng.
- Kiu d liu: Xc nh kiu d liu lu tr trong ct, c cc kiu d liu sau:
Kiu s nguyn:
Kiu d liu
Tinyint
Smallint
Mediumint
Int
Bigint
Kch thc
1 byte
2 byte
3 byte
4 byte
8 byte
Kiu d liu true/false

Kiu d liu
Kch thc
Bool/ bloolean
1 byte
Kiu s thp phn: decimal v numeric
Min gi tr
-127 128 hay 0..255
-32768 32767 hay 0..65535
-8388608 838860 hay 0..16777215
-231 231-1 hay 0..232-1
-263 263-1 hay 0..264-1
Min gi tr
C gi tr l true hoc false
Decimal v numeric l nhng kiu d liu c dng lu tr cc gi tr s c th. Gi tr

ca decimal v numeric c lu tr vi mt nh dng nh phn.
C php:
Decimal(M[,N])
Trong :
+ M: tng k s.
+ N: s k s thp phn, nu N=0 c hiu l khng k s thp phn v tng ng
Decimal(M)
Cc kiu d liu s thc
Kiu d liu Kch thc
Float
4 bytes
Double
8 bytes
Min gi tr
3.402823466E-38 1.175493451E+38
1.7976931348623157E-308
2.2250738585072014E+308
Kiu d liu ngy gi

Kiu d liu Kch thc
Date
Datetime
Time
Year[(2|4)]
Timestamp[(
kch c nh
dng)]
Kiu d liu chui
Kiu d liu Kch thc
Char
1 255
Varchar
1 255
TinyBlob
1 255
Tinytext
1 255
Blob
1 65535
Text
1 65535
MediumBlob 1 16777215(byte)
Mediumtext
1 16777215(k t)
longBlob
1 232-1(byte)
longtext
1 232-1(k t)
Din gii
Din gii
Chui c nh
Chui ng
Kiu i tng nh phn c 255 k t
Kiu i tng chui kch c 255 k t
Kiu blob
Kiu dng vn bn c 65535 k t
3. Thao tc vi bng
a. To bng
- Cch to bng bng giao din ha:
Bc 1: Chn CSDL to bng
Bc 2: Nhp tn bng vo trong Name v nhp s ct vo Number of fields sau nhn Go
Bc 3: Nhp tn trng, chn kiu trng, di ca gi tr, .
Bc 4: Nhn vo Save hon thnh qu trnh to bng

- To bng bng lnh SQL
C php:
CREATE TABLE name_table
{
Name_column_1 type_data[(size)] [<parameter>],
Name_column_2 type_data[(size)] [<parameter>],
}
Trong : Mt s parameter sau:
+ NO NULL: khng cho php d liu trong ct trng
+ DEFAULT gi_tr: cho php ct c gi tr mc nh
+ PRIMARY KEY: thit lp kha chnh ca bng
+ Auto_Increment: Xc nh ct tng gi tr t ng
V d: To bng sinhvien
CREATE TABLE `sinhvien` (
`ma_sv` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`ho_dem` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`ten_sv` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`nam_sinh` date NOT NULL,

`gioi_tinh` tinyint(1) NOT NULL,
`huyen` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`tinh` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`dan_toc` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`ton_giao` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`khoa_hoc` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`nam_hoc` int(11) NOT NULL,
`he_dt` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`lop_hoc` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`dien_thoai` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`ma_sv`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
b. Thay i cu trc bng
Trong trng hp ta mun thm mt hay nhiu ct vo bng c, ta s dng cu lnh
ALTER TABLE.
C php:
ALTER TABLE <name_table>
ADD <name_column> <type_data>[(size) ][]
Ch : tn ct mi thm vo phi khc vi tn ct c trong bng.
V d: Thm vo bng khoa mt trng c tn l dien_thoai sau trng giao_vu
ALTER TABLE `khoa` ADD `dien_thoai` VARCHAR( 11 ) NOT NULL AFTER `giao_vu` ;
c. Sa i kiu d liu ca ct
Khi chng ta mun sa i kiu d liu cho ct c chng ta c th dng lnh ALTER
TABLE
C php:
CHANGE <name_column_old> <name_column_new> type_data_new [(size)]
V d: Thay i kch thc ca trng dien_thoai
ALTER TABLE `khoa` CHANGE `dien_thoai` `dien_thoai` VARCHAR( 12 )
CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_swedish_ci NOT NULL
e. Hy ct trong bng
Khi khng cn s dng ct trong bng chng ta s dng C php ALTER TABLE hy b
ct. Tuy nhin, khi ct b xa th d liu bn trong ct cng s b xa m khng th phc hi
c. Do cn phi cn thn khi hy b ct.
C php:
DROP COLUMN <name_column>,
f. Xa bng
Khi chng ta khng cn bng hoc cu trc bng khng ph hp chng ta c th xa bng.
C php:
DROP TABLE <name_table>
III. Bng o
1. Khi nim
View bt u c s dng t phin bn MySQL server 5.0.
View l mt cch khc hin th CSDL. Mt view l mt bng o c lu tr trong
CSDL nhng khng tht s cha d liu. Thay vo , view l mt i tng m bn trong
n ch c mt cu lnh SELECT dng chn lc mt ct, cc dng trong cc bng CSDL
ngi dng c th xem v truy cp.
2. To bng o
To bng o bng lnh CREATE VIEW
C php:
CREATE VIEW name_view [(name_column_view)]
AS
command SELECT
[WITH CHECK OPTION]
Trong :
- Tn cc ct trong view: l cc tn c t tng ng vi cc ct hay biu thc tnh ton
trong cu lnh SELECT.
- Cu lnh SELECT: cu lnh truy vn, chn la d liu t trong mt hay trong nhiu bng
c lin kt vi nhau.
- WITH CHECK OPTION: dng ngn cn cc thao tc cp nht d liu tc ng vo

bng o c lm nh hng n d liu trong cc bng o c to ra bng cch ly ngun d
liu t bng o ny.
V d: To mt bng o dng hin th thng tin tt c cc ct ca bng sinhvien, vi m
sinh vin l 09Tin0012
CREATE VIEW sinhvien_view
AS
SELECT * FROM sinhvien WHERE ma_sv= 09Tin0012
Sau khi chng ta mun xem kt qu ca view to, chng ta s dng lnh SELECT.
C php:
SELECT * FROM name_view
V d: Xem kt qu ca view c tn sinhvien_view
SELECT * FROM sinhvien_view
Khi s dng bng o thc hin tnh ton thng k d liu, chng ta c th t tn cho cc
ct theo hai cch:
Cch 1: t tn ct ngay sau cu lnh CREATE VIEW
V d: To mt bng o c tn l sinhvien_view_sum dng m s sinh vin. D liu
hin th gm cc ct: ma_sv, tong_sv
CREATE VIEW sinhvien_view_sum (ma_sv, sum_sv)
AS
SELECT ma_sv, count(ma_sv) FROM sinhvien GROUP BY ma_sv
Cch 2: t tn cho ct tnh ton ngay trong cu lnh SELECT
V d: To mt bng o c tn l sinhvien_view_sum dng m s sinh vin. D liu
hin th gm cc ct: ma_sv, tong_sv
CREATE VIEW sinhvien_view_sum (ma_sv, sum_sv)
AS
SELECT ma_sv, count(ma_sv) as sum_sv FROM sinhvien GROUP BY ma_sv
3. Cp nht ni dung bng o
s i ni dung c trong bng o ta s dng C php ALTER VIEW, C php ny cng
tng t nh CREATE VIEW
C php:
ALTER VIEW name_view [(name_column_view)]
AS
Cu lnh SELECT mi
[WITH CHECK OPTION]
V d: T bng o c tn l sinhvien_view, cho bit sinh vin c im tng kt cao nht ca
nm hc
ALTER VIEW sinhvien_view
AS
SELECT ma_sv, count(ma_sv) as sum_sv, max(diemtk) as diem_max FROM sinhvien
GROUP BY as ma_sv
4. Xa bng o
Khi chng ta khng cn s dng bng o na, chng ta c th xa b bng o. Khi xa bng
o, d liu trong bng ngun khng nh hng.
C php:
DROP VIEW name_view
V d:
IV. Ton t
1. Khi nim
MySQL cung cp cho chng ta cc ton t nh: ton t s hc, ton t so snh, ton t
logic.
Cc ton t ny c kt hp vo bn trong cc mnh WHERE, HAVING, IF, CASE,
2. Ton t s hc
Dng tnh ton cc php tnh: cng, tr, nhn, chia, chia ly phn d. Gi tr c em
tnh ton phi l kiu s.
Khi c nhiu php tnh th chng ta nn a tng biu thc tnh ton vo trong du ngoc
n () vic tnh ton c tng minh.
Ton t ton hc:
+
Cng
Tr
*
Nhn
/
Chia
% Chia ly phn d
Ch : Ton t ton hc cho php s dng cc kiu d liu s, tuy nhin i vi php tnh
chia ly phn d th chng ta ch c th s dng kiu s nguyn.
3. Ton t so snh
Dng thc hin cc php tnh so snh nh: bng, ln hn, nh hn, khc, cho cc biu
thc cn so snh. Kt qu tr v ca php so snh l ng hoc sai.
Ton t so snh c s dng cho nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau nh kiu s, kiu chui
Ton t so snh:
=
So snh bng
<=>
So snh bng c khi hai gi tr em so snh u l NULL
<>, !=
So snh khc
<
So snh nh hn
<= So snh nh hn hoc bng
>
So snh ln hn
>= So snh ln hn hoc bng
4. Ton t logic
kt hp cc biu thc so snh n l thnh mt biu thc chung.
Ton t logic:
AND, &&
OR, ||
XOR
NOT, !
V.
V
Hoc
Nu hai biu thc cng ng th tr v gi tr false ngc li true
Ph nh
Pht biu SQL
1. Cu lnh SELECT
a. Truy vn n gin SELECT FROM
Cu lnh ny gip chng ta chn ra d liu ca cc ct c trong mt bng.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
b. Truy vn c sp xp d liu
Cu lnh SELECT FROM kt hp vi mnh ORDER BY gip chng ta ly d liu
ca cc ct bn trong bng ng th sp xp li d liu theo th t tng dn hay gim dn.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
ORDER BY name_column_sort [DESC,]
c. Truy vn c iu kin WHERE

Cu lnh SELECT FROM kt hp vi mnh iu WHERE gip chng ta lc cc dng
d liu bn trong bng, d liu ny phi tha mn iu kin a ra trong mnh WHERE.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
WHERE conditonal
[ORDER BY name_column_sort [DESC,]]
Cc php ton thng dng trong iu kin lc
- Cc php so snh
>, >=
: so snh ln hn, ln hn hoc bng
<, <=
: so snh nh hn, nh hn hoc bng
=
: so snh bng
!=, <>
: so snh khc
- Cc php ton hc
and
: php v
or
: php hoc
not
: php ph nh
not in
: php ph nh tp hp
between : kt qu ph thuc vo min gi tr
like
: php ton so snh gn ging, s dung % thay th k t
not like : php ph nh so snh gn ging
in
: php so snh trong mt tp hp
d. Nhm d liu GROUP BY
Lnh SELECT FROM kt hp vi mnh GROUP BY gip chng ta nhm d liu ca
cc dng d liu bn trong bng v s dng thm cc hm thng k i km tnh ton d
liu c tnh cht thng k.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
[WHERE conditional]
GROUP BY list_column_group
e. iu kin lc nhm HAVING

C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
[WHERE conditional]
GROUP BY list_column_group
HAVING conditional
f. Gii hn mu tin LIMIT
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
[WHERE conditonal]
[GROUP BY list_columns_group]
[HAVING conditonal]
[ORDER BY name_list_sort [DESC,]]
LIMIT n,m
2. Truy vn con
Truy vn con l mt cu lnh select c lng vo trong cc cu lnh truy vn khc nhm
thc hin cc truy vn tnh ton phc tp.
Ch : Khi dng truy vn con cn tun theo cc quy tc sau:
+ Truy vn con phi t trong du ngoc n ()
+ Truy vn con ch c th tham chiu n mt ct hoc mt biu thc.
Kt qu tr v ca truy vn con c th l mt gi tr hoc mt danh sch cc gi tr.
a. Truy vn con tr v gi tr
Truy vn con tr v mt gi tr l truy vn m kt qu tr v ca n l mt gi tr duy nht.
V d:
b. Truy vn con tr v danh sch cc gi tr
Truy vn con tr v danh sch cc gi tr l truy vn con m kt qu tr v l tp hp cc gi
tr.
Ton t IN hoc NOT IN thng c dng trong trng hp ny v n so snh mt phn t

c thuc (hay khng thuc) tp hp cc gi tr hay khng.
V d
c. Lm vic vi cc ton t so snh
Cc ton t so snh thng c s dng trong truy vn con c th l: >, >=, <, <=, =, <>.
Ch : Thng thng cc ton t so snh c s dng khi truy vn con tr v mt gi tr.
d. Lm vic vi ton t truy vn con
Cc ton t truy vn con thng hay s dng l: ANY, SOME, ALL, IN, NOT IN, EXISTS,
NOT EXISTS.
Ch : Thng thng cc ton t truy vn con c s dng khi dng truy vn cn tr v tp
hp cc gi tr.
Quy tc:
IN ANY
NOT IN ALL
3. Cu lnh thm d liu
Cu lnh INSERT INTO cho php chng ta thm mi mt hay nhiu dng d liu vo bn
trong mt bng.
a. Gi tr trc tip
Khi chng ta c gi tr trc tip cn thm vo mt bng th chng ta s dng cu lnh
INSERT.
C php:
INSERT INTO name_table [(list_columns)]
VALUES (list_values)
b. Ly t ngun d liu
Trong trng hp chng ta mun ly d liu t cc bng khc thm vo bng th chng ta
kt hp gia INSERT v SELECT.
C php:
INSERT INTO name_table [(list_columns_table)]
SELECT list_columns_values
FROM table_source
WHERE conditional
4. Cu lnh cp nht d liu

i khi chng ta c nhu cu thay i gi tr ca d liu bn trong bng khi chng khng cn
ph hp na. Cu lnh UPDATE cho php chng ta cp nht d liu tn ti bn trong
bng.
Ch : Chng ta cn cn nhc khi cp nht d liu bi v d liu khi cp nht th khng th
khi phc li gi tr ban u c na.
a. Gi tr trc tip
Khi chng ta mun cp nht gi tr trc tip hay mt biu thc c gi tr tr v cho mu tin
bn trong bng, chng ta cn dng cu lnh UPDATE
C php:
UPDATE name_table
SET name_column = value (or expression)
WHERE conditional_update
b. Ly d liu t cc bng khc
Khi chng ta mun ly d liu t cc bng khc cp nht vo bng th chng ta kt hp
gia UPDATE v SELECT
UPDATE name_table
SET name_column = (SELECT FROM WHERE )
WHERE conditional_update
5. Cu lnh xa d liu
Khi d liu trong bng khng cn cn s dng na chng ta c th huy b cc dng d liu
ny. Cu lnh DELETE cho php chng ta xa d liu trong bng.
a. Cu lnh xa d liu n gin
b. Cu lnh xa d liu c iu kin c ly t bng khc.
6. S dng mnh UNION trong truy vn
Mnh UNION dng kt ni d liu ca cc cu lnh truy vn li vi nhau:
C php:
SELECT danh sch cc ct 1
FROM tn bng 1
[WHERE ]
[GROUP BY [HAVING]]
UNION
SELECT danh sch cc ct 2
FROM tn bng 2
[WHERE ]
[GROUP BY [HAVING]]
[ORDER BY]
Ch :
+ Vi truy vn s dng UNION th danh sch cc ct trong cc cu truy vn phi tng ng
vi nhau v s lng, th t v kiu d liu ca cc ct.
+ Khi dng UNION, vic t tiu ct c thc hin ngay truy vn u tin.
+ Vi UNION c th kt hp nhiu truy vn vi nhau.
V d:
7. Truy vn d liu t nhiu bng
Khi mun lin kt cc bng c quan h vi nhau ly ra d liu chung chng ta kt hp
lnh SELECT FROM vi mnh JOIN.
Khi s dung JOIN ni cc bng chng ta cn phi lu nhng bng ny phi c cc ct
lin h vi nhau v th t quan h chng ta ch nh gia cc bng cng s lm nh hng
ti kt qu truy vn.
a. INNER JOIN
Khi kt ni cc bng dng INNER JOIN, ta ch nh vic so snh gi tr trong cc ct ca
cc bng l tng ng d liu u c c hai bng.
Kt qu sau khi thc hin truy vn kt ni INNER JOIN l cc mu tin tha iu kin quan
h c hai bng.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
INNER JOIN name_table_link ON conditional_link
[WHERE conditional]
[ORDER BY list_column_sort [DESC]]
V d:
b. LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN

Khi kt ni cc bng dng LEFT|RIGHT JOIN, ta ch nh vic so snh gi tr trong cc ct
ca cc bng c u tin cho mi quan h bn nhnh tri | phi. Vic i th t u tin ny
s lm nh hng ti kt qu truy vn.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table
LEFT|RIGHT name_table_link
ON conditional_link
[WHERE conditional]
c. Mnh lin kt d liu nhiu bng
Cng vi SELECT FROM vi JOIN, chng ta c th kt hp nhiu bng d liu trong
mt cu lnh truy vn. Mt bng c th lin kt vi mt hay nhiu bng khc nhau trong
cng mt cu truy vn.
C php:
SELECT list_column
FROM name_table_1
INNER LEFT|RIGHT name_table_2
ON conditional_link_2
INNER LEFT|RIGHT name_table_3
ON conditional_link_2
[WHERE conditional]
8. S dng hm trong SQL
a. Cc hm cu trc iu khin
- Hm IF
C php:
IF(biu_thc_so_snh, biu_thc_1, biu_thc_2)
Kim tra biu thc so snh ng th kt qu tr v l mt biu thc 1, ngc li kt qu tr
v l biu thc 2
V d:
- Hm IFNULL
C php:
- Hm NULLIF
C php:
- Hm CASE
C php:
b. Cc hm chuyn i kiu d liu

- Hm CAST
- Hm CONVERT
c. Hm x l chui
- Hm CHAR_LENGHT, hm CHARACTER_LENGHT V LENGTH
- Hm CONCAT v hm CONCAT_WS
- Hm LOWER v hm UPPER
- Hm LEFT, hm RIGHT, hm MID v hm SUBSTRING
- Hm REPEAT
- Hm REVERSE
- Hm REPLACE
- Hm ENCODE v hm DECODE
- Hm SPACE
- Hm STRCMP
d. Cc hm s l s
- Hm ABS()
- Hm CEILING()/ hm CEIL()
- Hm FLOOR()
- Hm MOD()
- Hm PI()
- Hm POW() v hm POWER()
- Hm ROUND()
- Hm SQRT
- Hm SIGN()
- Hm RAND()
e. Cc hm x l thi gian
- Hm ADDDATE/ DATE_ADD/ SUBDATE()/ DATE_SUB()
- Hm CURDATE / CURRENT_DATE / CURTIME/ CURRENT_TIME/ NOW()
- Hm DATE()/ MONTH() MONTHNAME() / YEAR()
- Hm DAY()/DAYOFMONTH/ DAYNAME/ DAYOFWEEK/ DAYOFYEAR
- Hm SECOND/ MINUTE/ HOUR/ TIME
- Hm DATEDIFF/ TIMEDIFF
9. Import v export d liu
a. Import d liu
Nhp d liu t bn ngoi vo database trong MySQL
b. Export d liu
Xut d liu t database trong MySQL ra tp tin thuc mt trong cc dng sau:
- SQL
- LaTex
- Microsoft Excel 2000
- Microsoft Word 2000
- CSV for MS Excel
- CSV
- XML
Chng 9: PHP&MYSQL
I.
Kt ni CSDL
1. To kt ni
Trc khi chng ta truy cp v lm vic vi d liu trong CSDL, chng ta cn phi to kt
ni n CSDL.
thc hin c cng vic ny, chng ta s dng hm mysql_connect()
C php:
mysql_connect(servername, username, password);
Trong :
+ servername: tham s ty chn, xc nh server cn phi kt ni ti. Gi tr mc nh l
localhost.
+ username: tham s ty chn, xc nh tn ngi dng ng nhp vo h thng
+ password: tham s ty chn, xc nh mt khu ngi dng. Gi tr mc nh l .
Ch : Hm ny c nhiu hn 3 tham s, tuy nhin nhng tham s trn cn thit v rt quan
trng.
V d: To kt ni
<?php
// to kt ni v lu vo bin $conn
$conn = mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
// kim tra kt ni
if(!$conn)
{
die ("Can not connect database ".mysql_error());
exit;
}
?>
2. Chn CSDL
Sau khi to c kt ni, chng ta cn phi chn mt CSDL lm vic. thc hin
cng vic ny, chng ta s dng hm mysql_select_db().
Kt qu tr v ca hm ny l TRUE nu chn CSDL thnh cng, ngc li gi tr tr v l
FALSE.
C php:
mysql_select_db(database, connection)
Trong :
+ database: tham s bt buc, xc nh tn CSDL cn lm vic
+ connection: tham s tuy chn, xc nh kt ni. Nu khng xc nh th kt ni cui cng
c m bi hm mysql_connect() hoc hm mysql_pconnect() s c s dng.
V d: Kt ni n CSDL khoacntt
<?php
if(!$conn)
{
echo "Can not connect database";

exit;
}
// chn CSDL khoacntt
$select_db = mysql_select_db("khoacntt",$conn);
// kim tra CSDL
if (!$select_db)
{
die("Can not connect database".mysql_error());
}
?>
3. Truy vn d liu
thc hin vic truy vn d liu, chng ta dng hm mysql_query().
Hm mysql_query() s tr v kt qu ca cu lnh truy vn nu thc hin thnh cng,
ngc li s tr v FALSE.
C php:
mysql_query(query, connection) ;
Trong :
+ query: tham s bt buc, l cu lnh truy vn c gi i.
+ connection: tham s ty chn, xc nh kt ni. Nu khng xc nh th kt ni cui cng
c m bi hm mysql_connect() hoc mysql_pconnect() s c s dng.
V d: Thc hin truy vn d liu trong bng sinhvien trong CSDL khoacntt.
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
echo "Can not connection database";
exit;
}
mysql_select_db('khoacntt',$conn);
$sql ="SELECT * FROM sinhvien";
$result= mysql_query($sql);
while($r = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
echo "MaSV: ".$r['ma_sv']." Ten sv: ".$r['ten_sv']."</br>";
}
?>
4. Thng bo li
Trong qu trnh lm vic vi CSDL li c th pht sinh. Do , chng ta cn thng bo cc
li pht sinh ny.
thc hin cng vic ny, chng ta s dng hm mysql_error().
Hm ny c kt qu tr v l cu thng bo li nu c li pht sinh, ngc li kt qu tr v
s l mt chui rng .
C php:
mysql_error(connection)
Trong :
connection: tham s ty chn, xc nh kt qu kt ni. Nu khng kt ni th kt qu cui
cng c m bi hm mysql_connect() hoc mysql_pconnect() s c s dng.
Ghi ch: Chng ta thng kt hp hm mysql_error() vi hm die() hoc hm exit() va
thng bo li va kt thc cng vic.
V d: Thng bo li nu khng to kt ni
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
exit;
}
?>
5. ng kt ni
Sau khi lm vic xong vi CSDL, chng ta cn ng kt ni m.
thc hin cng vic ny, chng ta s dng hm mysql_close().
Hm ny c kt qu tr v l TRUE nu ng kt ni thnh cng, ngc li s tr v gi tr
l FALSE nu tht bi.
C php:
mysql_close(connection);
+ connection: tham s ty chn, xc nh kt ni. Nu khng xc nh th kt ni cui cng
c m bi hm mysql_connect() mysql_pconnect() s c s dng.
V d: ng kt ni
<?php
..
mysql_close($conn);
?>
II.
Lm vic vi CSDL MySQL
1. m s lng mu tin
Thng thng, chng ta cn bit s lng mu tin c truy vn d liu trc khi x l cc
cng vic tip theo.
thc hin cng vic ny, chng ta s dng hm mysql_num_rows().
Hm ny c kt qu tr v l s lng mu tin nu thnh cng, ngc li kt qu tr v l
FALSE nu tht bi.
C php:
mysql_num_rows(data);
Trong :
+ data: l tham s bt buc. Xc nh con tr d liu. Con tr d liu l kt qu tr v ca
hm mysql_query()
V d: m s mu tin trong bng sinhvien
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
exit;
}
mysql_select_db('khoacntt',$conn);
$sql ="SELECT * FROM sinhvien";
$result= mysql_query($sql);
echo "S mu tin: ". mysql_num_rows($result);
mysql_close($conn);
?>
2. Hin th d liu
a. Duyt d liu
C nhiu cch duyt d liu: duyt d liu theo dng mi mu tin l mt dng, duyt theo
dng mi mu tin l mt mng, duyt theo dng mi mu tin l mt i tng.
Cch 1: Duyt d liu theo dng mi mu tin l mt dng bng hm mysql_fetch_row().
Hm ny tr v mt mng (c ch s) cha gi tr ca mt dng d liu vi mi phn t l
ni dung ca mt ct.
Sau truy xut bng cch gi tng phn t ca mng $row[0], $row[1] ,$row[2],
C php:
mysql_fetch_row(data)
+ data: l tham s bt buc. Xc nh s con tr d liu. Con tr d liu l kt qu tr v ca
hm mysql_query().
V d: Duyt d liu trong bng sinhvien s dng hm mysql_fetch_row()
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
mysql_select_db("khoacntt", $conn);
$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM sinhvien");
for($i=1;$i<=mysql_num_rows($result);$i++)
{
print_r(mysql_fetch_row($result));
echo "</br>";
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Cch 2: Duyt theo dng mi mu tin l mt mng bng hm mysql_fetch_array()
Hm ny tr v mt mng (c ch s chui) cha gi tr ca mt dng d liu vi mi phn
t l ni dung ca mt ct.
Sau truy xut bng cch gi tng phn t ca mng $row[tn ct 1], $row[tn ct 2],
$row[tn ct 3],
C php:
mysql_fetch_array(data)
hm mysql_query().
V d: Duyt d liu trong bng sinhvien s dng hm mysql_fetch_array()
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
echo $row['ma_sv'] . " " . $row['ten_sv'];
echo "<br />";
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Cch 3: Duyt theo dng mi mu tin l mt i tng bng hm mysql_fetch_object()
Hm ny c kt qu tr v l mt mu tin trong b cc mu tin nh mt i tng.
Sau truy xut bng cch gi tng thuc tnh ca i tng $tn_i_tng ->tn ct 1,
$tn_i_tng ->tn ct 2, $tn_i_tng ->tn ct 3,
C php:
mysql_fetch_object(data)
hm mysql_query().
V d: Duyt d liu trong bng sinhvien s dng hm mysql_fetch_object()
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
}
for($i=1;$i<=mysql_num_rows($result);$i++)
{
$ob =mysql_fetch_object($result);
echo $ob->ma_sv.", ".$ob->ten_sv."</br>";
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
b. Hin th d liu khng nh dng
Khi chng ta ch c nhu cu hin th d liu m khng cn nh dng th cch n gin nht
l in d liu theo dng bng.
V d: Hin th thng tin sinh vin trong bng sinhvien
<p > <h1 align="center">THNG TIN SINH VIN</h1>
<table width="1000" border="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2" align="center">
<tr>
<td width='100px'>M SV</td>
<td width='250px'>Tn SV</td>
<td width='80px'>Ngay sinh</td>
<td width='70px'>Gioi tinh</td>
<td width='300px'>Quen quan</td>
<td width='100px'>Nam hoc</td>
<td width='100px'>Lop hoc</td>
</tr>
<?php
if (!$conn)
{
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td width='100px'>".$row[0]."</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
</table>
</p>
c. Hin th d liu c yu cu
Khi xy dng mt ng dng web nu chng ta hin th thng tin khng c nh dng th s
lm cho ngi xem cm thy nhm chn v kh khn trong qu trnh c v tm kim d
liu, chnh v vy m pht sinh cc yu cu hin th d liu khc nhau.
- nh dng hin th d liu
Yu cu n gin nht ca mt trang web l d liu hin th phi c nh dng gip cho
ngi dng d dng c thng tin.
Cc nh dng thng thng l nh dng cc ct, dng v kch thc, mu sc, kiu ch,
cho ni dung hin th.
Ch : thc hin c cc yu cu v nh dng, chng ta cn phi xem xt v tnh ton
cc ni dung cn hin th.
V d:
- To cc ct ty bin
i khi, ni dung ca mt s ct trong CSDL khi hin th s gy cho ngi dng kh hiu,
hoc chng ta phi c dng gii thch cho nhng thng tin . Chnh v vy m nhu cu hin
th d liu mt cch r rng, chi tit, d hiu tr thnh mt yu cu tt yu khi thit k trang
web.
V d:
- Phn trang
i vi nhng bng c s lng mu tin ln khi hin th d liu s lm cho ngi dng cm
thy kh xem. Phn trang d liu gip cho vic xem v tm kim thng tin d dng, nhanh
chng v thun tin.
V d:
- Lin kt trang c chui tham s.
* Chui URL c cu trc nh dng nh sau:
http://<host>[:<port>][path][?string_parameter]
Trong :
string_parameter c C php nh sau:
[?parameter_1 = value_1 [&parameter_2 = value_2[&]]]
Ch : Trong trng hp c nhiu tham s, cp [parameter_1 = value_1] phn cnh nhau

bng du &
V d:
nhn gi tr truyn qua tham s ny ta dng bin $_REQUEST[parameter]
V d:
d. Chuyn i gi tr thi gian
nh dng date time trong MySQL c dng nm-thng-ngy.
V d: Khi nhp ngy thng nm PHP nh sau: 25th January 2009 th khi lu tr vo
CSDL MySQL chng s c nh ngha nh sau: 2009-01-25
Khi nhp ngy thng nm t PHP vo MySQL ta c th dng hm date() hc hoc s
dng hm DATE_FROMAT() trong MySQL
nh dng ngy thng nm YYYY-MM-DD ca MySQL sang nh dng MM-DDYYYY c th dng hm DATE_FORMAT() vi C php nh sau:
SELECT DATE_FORMAT (column_date %M-%D-%Y)
Hay
SELECT DATE_FORMAT (column_date, %M %D %Y)
Trong : %M v %D l nh dng thng v ngy vi 2 k s, %Y l nh dng nm vi 4
k s.
Ch : Chng ta cng c th cn c vo bng nh dng thi gian sau nh dng theo yu
cu:
K t
M t
%M
Tn thng trong nm(January, February)
%W
Tn th trong tun (Sunday, Monday,)
%D
Ngy trong thng theo dng 1st, 2nd, 3th
%Y
Nm vi 4 k s(2010)
%y
Nm vi 2 k s(10)
%m
Thng vi hai k s (01-12)
%d
Ngy trong thng vi hai k s (01-31)
%H
Gi trong ngy vi hai k s(00-23)
%h
Gi trong ngy vi hai k s(00-12)
%i
Pht trong gi vi hai k s(01-59)
%r
12 gi vi nh dng (hh:mm:ss [AM|PM])
%T
12 gi vi nh dng (hh:mm:ss)
%S
Giy trong pht c hai k s (00-59)
%p
AM hay PM
3. Lu tr d liu mi vo CSDL
lu thng tin t trong PHP vo trong MySQL, chng ta s s dng hm mysql_query()
kt hp vi cu lnh truy vn INSERT INTO. Hm ny c dng gi mt truy vn(hin
th thng tin, thm mi, xa, cp nht) ti mt kt ni MySQL
C php:
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
Hoc
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...)
VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...)
Ch : C php INSERT INTO dng thm mt mu tin mi vo bng trong CSDL
V d: To form nhp thng tin ca mt mu tin(form_insert.php)
Cc tn tng ng
masv
tensv
d, m, y
gt
quequan
namhoc
lophoc
V d: Trang ly thng tin t form (insert_sinhvien.php)

<?php
$masv = $_POST['masv'];
$tensv = $_POST['tensv'];
$d = $_POST['d'];
$m = $_POST['m'];
$y = $_POST['y'];
$gt = $_POST['gt'];
$quequan = $_POST['quequan'];
$namhoc = $_POST['namhoc'];
$lophoc = $_POST['lophoc'];
// xu ly dl ngay thang nam
if (checkdate($m,$d,$y))
{
$ngaysinh =$d."/".$m."/".$y;
}
// kiem tra xem trong csdl co masv nay chua
function kt($masv)
{
mysql_select_db("khoacntt",$conn);
$sql="SELECT ma_sv FROM sinhvien WHERE ma_sv='$masv'";
$result=mysql_query($sql);
$kt1=true;
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
$kt1=false;
}
return $kt1;
mysql_close($conn);
}
if (kt($masv)&& checkdate($m,$d,$y))
{
mysql_select_db("khoacntt",$conn);
$sql = "INSERT INTO sinhvien
VALUES('$masv','$tensv','$ngaysinh','$gt','$quequan','$namhoc','$lophoc')";
mysql_query($sql);
}
?>
4. Cp nht d liu
cp nht thng tin t PHP vo MySQL, chng ta s s dng hm mysql_query() kt hp
vi cu lnh truy vn UPDATE. Hm ny c dng gi mt truy vn (hin th thng tin,
thm mi, xa, cp nht) ti mt kt ni MySQL
C php:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value, column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value
V d: Form cp nht d liu bng sinh vin
- M sinh vin c c t
CSDL vi tn listbox l
masv.
- Tn sinh vin mi c tn
textfield l tensv
V d: Trang ly thng tin t form cp nht d liu

<?php
if(strlen($_POST['tensv']))
{
$tensv = trim($_POST['tensv']);
$masv = trim($_POST['masv']);
mysql_query("UPDATE sinhvien SET ten_sv = '$tensv' WHERE ma_sv = '$masv'");
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
5. Xa d liu
xa thng tin trong CSDL thng qua PHP, chng ta s s dng hm mysql_query() kt
hp vi cu lnh truy vn DELETE. Hm ny c dng gi mt truy vn (hin th thng
tin, thm mi, xa, cp nht) ti mt kt ni MySQL
C php:
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column = some_value
V d: Form xa d liu trong bng sinhvien
- Chn m sinh vin cn xa c tn listbox l
masv, value c ly trong CSDL
V d: Ly thng tin t form v xa d liu trong bng sinh vin

<?php
if(strlen($_POST['masv']))
{
$masv = trim($_POST['masv']);
mysql_query("DELETE FROM sinhvien WHERE ma_sv = '$masv'");
}
mysql_close($conn);
?>
III. PHP kt hp vi cc CSDL SQL Server
Bc 1: M Administrative Tools trong control Panel
Bc 2: Trong ca s Administrative Tools chn biu tng Data Sources(OBBC)
Bc 3: Trong ca s ODBC Data Sources Administrator chn tab System DSN
Bc 4: Nhn vo nt Add chn SQL Server chn Finsh

Bc 5: t tn cho Data Source (DSN) trong mc Name v chn server cn kt ni ti trong mc
server => nhn nt next
Xc nh cch thc kt ni ti SQL Server theo ti khon ca Window NT hay ti khon ca SQL
Server => Nhn nt next
Bc 6: La chn CSDL cn kt ni ca SQL Server trong mc Change Default Database to =>

nhn nt Next sau nhn nt Test Data Source kim tra vic kt ni vi ngun d liu c thnh
cng hay khng => nhn nt OK
Bc 7: Hon thnh vic kt ni CSDL => nhn nt OK
IV. Xy dng cc lp x l
1. Mt s phng thc trong lp x l bng
Lp x l bng dng x l cc cng vic lin quan ti kt ni, chn CSDL v lm vic
vi CSDL,
class connect_database
{
// khai bo cc thuc tnh
// xy dng cc phng thc lp x l bng
}
a. Khai bo thuc tnh
Trong lp x l bng c mt s thuc tnh thng xuyn c s dng nn chng ta cn
phi khai bo:
var $_sql ="";
var $_connection ="";
var $_result ="";
Trong :
+ $_sql : cha ni dung ca cu lnh truy vn
+ $_connection: cha kt qu ca hm kt ni mysql_connect()
+ $_result: cha kt qu ca hm mysql_query()
b. Kt ni CSDL
Trong hm khi to ca lp connect _database khai bo cc thng tin kt ni n CSDL.
{
// To v kim tra kt ni
$this ->_connection =@mysql_connect("localhost","root","");
// chn CSDL
$db ="name_database";
mysql_select_db($db, $this->connection)
}
c. Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh $_sql
Hm ny s gn gi tr cho thuc tnh $sql ca lp x l bng
function setquery($sql)
{
$this->_sql =$sql;
}
d. Ly ton b cc dng d liu trong bng
Hm ny c kt qu tr v l bin con tr cha kt qu l cc dng d liu trong bng
function query()
{
$this->_result =mysql_query($this->_sql,$this->_connection);
return $this->_result;
}
Sau chuyn kt qu ca bin $_result (gi hm query()) ny vo mng cc dng d liu
bng hm loadAllRow()
function loadAllRow()
{
if(!($result = $this->query()))
{
return null;
}$array =array();
while ($row =mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
{
$array[] =$row;
}
mysql_free_result($result);
return $array;
}
e. ng kt ni
Hm ny c dng ng kt ni ang c m
function close_connect()
{
mysql_close($this->_connection);
}
2. Xy dng lp x l nghip v
Lp xy dng nghip v c cc thnh phn ring ca lp . Lp ny k tha t lp x l
bng v c cc hm c, thm, cp nht, xa d liu.
class process_class extends connect_database
{
// cc thuc tnh
// cc phng thc
}
a. Cc phng thc thng s dng
- c d liu
function doc_ds()
{
$this ->setQuery("SELECT * FROM name_table");
$result = $this->LoadAllRow();
$this->close_connect();
$return $result;
}
- Thm d liu
function them_moi(danh sach tham so)
{
$this ->setQuery("INSERT INTO name_table VALUES (gia tri) ");
$result = $this->query();
$return $result;
}
- Cp nht d liu
function cap_nhat(danh sach tham so)
{
$this ->setQuery("UPDATE name_table SET name_column=value, ...");
$return $result;
}
- Xa d liu
function xoa(danh sach tham so)
{
$this ->setQuery("DELETE FROM name_table WHERE ...");
$return $result;
}
b. Cc phng thc ring cho cc lp

Ngoi cc phng thc thng dng c nu trn, mi lp x l nghip v cn c nhng
phng thc c trng, ring bit khc. Ty theo yu cu m chng ta s xy dng cc
phng thc ny.
Mc lc
Chng 1: Quy trnh thit k website ............................................................................................... 1
I.
Cc khi nim c bn ....................................................................................................... 6
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn ........................... 6
2. Ngn ng lp trnh Web ....................................................................................................... 7
3. WebServer trnh ch Web.................................................................................................. 7
4. Database server Trnh ch CSDL ....................................................................................... 7
5. Web browser-Trnh duyt Web............................................................................................. 7
6. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)- Ti nguyn trn Internet ................................................. 7
7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- Giao thc truyn siu vn bn .................................... 8
8. C ch Web.......................................................................................................................... 8
II.
Quy trnh thit k website ................................................................................................. 9
1. Xc nh mc ch, yu cu ca website ............................................................................... 9
2. Xc nh c gi ................................................................................................................... 9
3. Thit k giao din Website ................................................................................................... 9
a. Xc nh kiu ch, mu sc .............................................................................................. 9
b. Xc nh cc k thut, cng c thit k ............................................................................. 9
c. Ct on, tm lc thng tin ............................................................................................. 9
d. Xc nh cu trc WebSite ............................................................................................. 10
4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca Website .................................................................................... 11
a. Trang ch (HomePage) ................................................................................................... 11
b. H thng Menu, Logo, nh danh.................................................................................... 11
c. Cc trang thnh vin ....................................................................................................... 11
III.
Mt s nguyn tc khi pht trin website. ....................................................................... 11
Chng 2: Gii thiu v ngn ng HTML ..................................................................................... 16
I. Khi nim c bn v html ....................................................................................................... 16
1. HTML l g? ...................................................................................................................... 16
2. Th HTML ......................................................................................................................... 16
3. Cn g to mt trang web ............................................................................................... 16
II. Cc th nh cu trc ti liu .................................................................................................. 16
1. Th html ............................................................................................................................. 16
2. Th head............................................................................................................................. 17
3. Th title .............................................................................................................................. 17
4. Th body ............................................................................................................................ 17
III. Cc th nh dng khi ......................................................................................................... 18
1. Th nh dng khi vn bn <p>......................................................................................... 18
2. Cc th nh dng mc h1/h2/h3/h4/h5/h6 ..................................................................... 18
3. Th xung dng <br> ......................................................................................................... 19
4. Th pre v th <div> .......................................................................................................... 19
IV. Cc th nh dng danh sch ................................................................................................ 19
V. Cc th nh dng k t ......................................................................................................... 20
1. Cc th nh dng in k t .................................................................................................. 20
2. Cn l vn bn trong trang Web.......................................................................................... 21
3. Cc k t c bit ............................................................................................................... 21
4. S dng mu sc trong thit k cc trang Web .................................................................... 21
5. Chn kiu ch cho vn bn................................................................................................. 23
6. Khi nim vn bn siu lin kt .......................................................................................... 23
7. a ch tng i................................................................................................................ 24
8. Kt ni mailto..................................................................................................................... 25
9. V mt ng thng nm ngang ......................................................................................... 25
VI. Cc th chn m thanh, hnh nh .......................................................................................... 25

1. Gii thiu ........................................................................................................................... 25
2. a m thanh vo mt ti liu HTML ................................................................................ 27
3. Chn mt hnh nh, mt on video vo ti liu HTML ...................................................... 27
VII. Cc th nh dng bng biu .............................................................................................. 28
VIII. FORM ............................................................................................................................... 29
1.Form ................................................................................................................................... 29
2. Hp nhp vn bn 1 dng (Oneline Textbox) ...................................................................... 30
3. Radio Button ...................................................................................................................... 30
4. Checkbox ........................................................................................................................... 30
5. Nt lnh (Button) ............................................................................................................... 31
6. Combo Box (Drop-down menu) ......................................................................................... 31
7. Listbox ............................................................................................................................... 32
8. Hp nhp vn bn nhiu dng (TextArea) .......................................................................... 32
IX. Mt s th c bit ............................................................................................................... 34
1. Th <meta> ........................................................................................................................ 34
2. Th <marquee> .................................................................................................................. 36
3. Th <style> ........................................................................................................................ 36
4. Th <link>.......................................................................................................................... 37
5. Th <script> ....................................................................................................................... 37
Chng 3: Thit k CSS ................................................................................................................ 38
I.
Gii thiu v CSS ........................................................................................................... 38
II.
C php .......................................................................................................................... 39
1. nh dng thuc tnh th html............................................................................................. 39
2. nh dng mt kiu mi ..................................................................................................... 39
3. nh dng ngay trong th html ........................................................................................... 41
III.
S dng css trong ti liu HTML .................................................................................... 41
1. CSS c khai bo trong mt tp tin ring.......................................................................... 41
2. nh dng ngay trn ti liu html ........................................................................................ 41
IV.
Mt s thuc tnh thng dng ....................................................................................... 42
1. nh kiu nn ..................................................................................................................... 42
a. Mu nn ......................................................................................................................... 42
b. nh nn .......................................................................................................................... 42
2. nh kiu ch ..................................................................................................................... 44
a. Mu ch ......................................................................................................................... 44
b. Canh l:.......................................................................................................................... 44
c. Trang tr ch .................................................................................................................. 44
d. Chuyn i ch hoa/thng ............................................................................................ 45
e. Thuc tnh letter-spacing: ............................................................................................... 45
3. nh kiu font .................................................................................................................... 45
a. Tn font (font-family) ...................................................................................................... 45
b. Kiu font (font style) ....................................................................................................... 46
c. C font (font size) ........................................................................................................... 46
d. Thuc tnh font-weight: ................................................................................................... 47
4. CSS Link ............................................................................................................................ 48
5. nh kiu danh sch ........................................................................................................... 49
6. nh kiu bng ................................................................................................................... 50
a. Border: ........................................................................................................................... 50
b. Width: ............................................................................................................................ 52
c. Height: ........................................................................................................................... 52
d. Text-align: ...................................................................................................................... 53
e. Vertical-align: ................................................................................................................ 53
f. Padding: ......................................................................................................................... 54
g. Background-color: ......................................................................................................... 54
h. Color: ............................................................................................................................. 54
7. Thuc tnh Id v class ca th ............................................................................................. 55
a. Thuc tnh Id .................................................................................................................. 55
b. Thuc tnh Class ............................................................................................................. 56
8. M hnh hp ....................................................................................................................... 57
a. Thuc tnh margin: ......................................................................................................... 58
b. Thuc tnh padding ......................................................................................................... 58
c. Border ............................................................................................................................ 60
d. Thuc tnh Width v Height ............................................................................................ 60
e. Thuc tnh float v clear ................................................................................................. 61
Chng 4: Gii thiu ngn ng kch bn Javascript ....................................................................... 64
I.
Gii thiu v Javascript .................................................................................................. 64
II.
Ngn ng javascript........................................................................................................ 64
1.
Chn m lnh javascript vo trong ti liu HTML ........................................................ 64
a.
Chn m lnh trn vng <body>............................................................................... 64
b.
Chn m lnh trn vng <head>............................................................................... 64
c.
Chn m lnh trc tip vo trong cc th HTML ....................................................... 64
d.
Chn m lnh bng mt tp tin ring trn vng <head> ........................................... 65
2.
Li ch thch ................................................................................................................ 65
3.
Bin v cch xut thng tin ln trnh duyt ................................................................... 65
a.
Bin v cch khai bo bin ....................................................................................... 65
b.
Xut thng tin ln trnh duyt web ............................................................................. 66
4.
Cc php ton............................................................................................................... 66
5.
Cu lnh r nhnh If...Else ............................................................................................ 68
6.
Cu lnh la chn Switch ............................................................................................. 70
7.
nh ngha hm ............................................................................................................ 71
8.
Hp thng bo .............................................................................................................. 71
9.
Cu lnh lp For ........................................................................................................... 73
10. Cu lnh lp While ....................................................................................................... 73
11. Cu lnh lp For...In ..................................................................................................... 75
12. S kin trong Javascript ............................................................................................... 76
a.
S kin onLoad v onUnload .................................................................................... 76
13. Cu lnh Try...Catch..................................................................................................... 76
14. Cu lnh Throw ............................................................................................................ 77
15. K t c bit Text ....................................................................................................... 78
III.
i tng trong javascrip ............................................................................................... 79
1.
i tng String........................................................................................................... 79
2.
i tng Date ............................................................................................................. 79
3.
i tng Array ........................................................................................................... 80
4.
i tng Math ............................................................................................................ 81
Chng 5: Ngn ng PHP ............................................................................................................. 82
I.
Tng quan v PHP .......................................................................................................... 82
1.
C php PHP ................................................................................................................ 82
2.
Xut gi tr ra trnh duyt.............................................................................................. 82
3.
Li ch thch ................................................................................................................ 83
4.
Bin trong PHP ............................................................................................................ 83
a. Khai bo bin ................................................................................................................. 83
b. Gn gi tr cho bin. ....................................................................................................... 84
c. Phm vi hot ng ca bin ............................................................................................ 84

Hng ............................................................................................................................ 86
a. Khi bo hng ................................................................................................................ 86
b. S dng hng.................................................................................................................. 87
6.
Kiu d liu.................................................................................................................. 87
a. Kiu d liu .................................................................................................................... 87
b. Chuyn i kiu d liu .................................................................................................. 89
7.
Cc ton t ................................................................................................................... 89
a. Ton t ton hc............................................................................................................. 89
b. Ton t ni chui............................................................................................................ 89
c. Ton t gn kt hp ........................................................................................................ 89
d. Ton t so snh .............................................................................................................. 90
e. Ton t logic .................................................................................................................. 90
f. Ton t @ ....................................................................................................................... 90
g. Tham chiu & ................................................................................................................. 91
8.
Cc hm kim tra gi tr ............................................................................................... 91
a. Kim tra tn ti isset() .................................................................................................... 91
b. Kim tra gi tr rng empty() .......................................................................................... 92
c. Kim tra gi tr s is_numeric() ...................................................................................... 93
d. Kim tra kiu gi tr ca tn bin .................................................................................. 93
e. Xc nh kiu d liu bin ............................................................................................... 94
II.
Cu lnh iu khin ........................................................................................................ 95
1.
Cu lnh r nhnh If...Else ............................................................................................ 95
2.
Cu lnh la chn switch .............................................................................................. 96
3.
Cu lnh lp ................................................................................................................. 97
a. Cu trc for/foreach ....................................................................................................... 97
b. Cu trc while ................................................................................................................ 98
c. Cu trc do while ....................................................................................................... 98
4.
S dng break v continue trong cu trc lp................................................................ 98
a. Lnh break...................................................................................................................... 98
b. Lnh continue ................................................................................................................. 99
5.
Kiu mng .................................................................................................................... 99
a. Khi nim mng.............................................................................................................. 99
b. Khai bo mng v s dng mng .................................................................................... 99
c. Truy xut phn t mng. .............................................................................................. 100
d. Cc thao tc trn mng................................................................................................. 100
e. Mt s hm ................................................................................................................... 101
III.
Xy dng hm trong PHP ............................................................................................. 104
1.
Hm do ngi dng nh ngha .................................................................................. 104
a. Khai bo hm ............................................................................................................... 104
b. S dng hm................................................................................................................. 105
2.
Hm trong th vin hm ............................................................................................. 105
a. Kiu d liu string ........................................................................................................ 105
b. Kiu d liu s.............................................................................................................. 109
c. Kiu d liu ngy, gi ................................................................................................... 112
IV.
Biu mu form.............................................................................................................. 114
1.
c im form ........................................................................................................... 114
2.
Biu mu s dng phng thc $_POST .................................................................... 114
3.
Biu mu s dng phng thc $_GET ...................................................................... 116
Chng 6: Hng i tng trong PHP ....................................................................................... 117
I.
Khi nim ..................................................................................................................... 117
5.
II.
To lp ......................................................................................................................... 117
III.
S dng lp .................................................................................................................. 118
IV.
K tha ......................................................................................................................... 120
Chng 7: To web ng ............................................................................................................. 121
I.
S dng tp tin dng chung .......................................................................................... 121
1. REQUIRE ........................................................................................................................ 121
2. INCLUDE ........................................................................................................................ 123
II.
M tp tin v th mc ................................................................................................... 124
1. Tp tin .............................................................................................................................. 124
a. Ch m tp tin ......................................................................................................... 124
b. M tp tin ..................................................................................................................... 125
c. c tp tin .................................................................................................................... 125
d. nh dng tp tin. ......................................................................................................... 126
e. Ghi ni dung tp tin ...................................................................................................... 127
f. ng tp tin. ................................................................................................................. 127
g. Kim tra s tn ti ca tp tin ...................................................................................... 127
h. Kim tra kch thc file ................................................................................................ 128
k. Xa tp tin .................................................................................................................... 128
2. Th mc ........................................................................................................................... 128
a. To th mc.................................................................................................................. 128
b. Kim tra th mc .......................................................................................................... 129
c. M th mc .................................................................................................................. 129
d. ng th mc ............................................................................................................... 129
e. Duyt th mc............................................................................................................... 130
III.
Upload tp tin ln server. .............................................................................................. 130
1. Gii thiu ......................................................................................................................... 130
2. Cc bc upload file......................................................................................................... 130
IV.
PHP Cookies ................................................................................................................ 131
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 131
2. Khai bo cookie................................................................................................................ 132
3. S dng cookie ................................................................................................................. 132
4. Hy cookie ....................................................................................................................... 132
V.
PHP Sessions ................................................................................................................ 133
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 133
2. Cch thc hot ng ......................................................................................................... 133
3. Khi ng Session............................................................................................................ 133
4. t k Session .................................................................................................................. 133
5. S dng Session ............................................................................................................... 134
6. Hy bin Session .............................................................................................................. 134
a. Hy ton b cc bin session ........................................................................................ 134
b. Hy mt bin session .................................................................................................... 134
VI.
Gi E-mail trong PHP .................................................................................................. 134
V d: Ly thng tin t Form ....................................................................................................... 135
Chng 8: C S D LIU MYSQL ......................................................................................... 136
I.
Tng quan .................................................................................................................... 136
1. Gii thiu CSDL .............................................................................................................. 136
a. Khi nim ..................................................................................................................... 136
b. Chc nng. ................................................................................................................... 136
c. Cc loi CSDL .............................................................................................................. 136
d. Cc i tng chnh ca CSDL .................................................................................... 137
e. H qun tr CSDL ......................................................................................................... 137
f. SQL (Structure Query Language) .................................................................................. 138

2. CSDL MySQL ................................................................................................................. 138
a. Gii thiu...................................................................................................................... 138
b. c im ...................................................................................................................... 138
c. Cc tp tin vt l lu tr CSDL.................................................................................... 138
d. Quy tc t tn cho CSDL, bng, ch mc, ct v nh danh ......................................... 138
e. To CSDL .................................................................................................................... 139
f. Xa CSDL .................................................................................................................... 141
II.
Bng(Table) ................................................................................................................. 142
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 142
2. Thuc tnh ........................................................................................................................ 142
a. Tn bng ....................................................................................................................... 142
b. Cc thuc tnh ca ct trong bng ................................................................................. 142
3. Thao tc vi bng ............................................................................................................. 144
a. To bng ....................................................................................................................... 144
b. Thay i cu trc bng ................................................................................................. 146
c. Sa i kiu d liu ca ct .......................................................................................... 146
e. Hy ct trong bng ...................................................................................................... 147
f. Xa bng ....................................................................................................................... 147
III.
Bng o ........................................................................................................................ 147
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 147
2. To bng o ...................................................................................................................... 147
3. Cp nht ni dung bng o ............................................................................................... 148
4. Xa bng o ..................................................................................................................... 149
IV.
Ton t ......................................................................................................................... 149
1. Khi nim......................................................................................................................... 149
2. Ton t s hc .................................................................................................................. 149
3. Ton t so snh ................................................................................................................ 150
4. Ton t logic .................................................................................................................... 150
V.
Pht biu SQL .............................................................................................................. 150
1. Cu lnh SELECT ............................................................................................................ 150
a. Truy vn n gin SELECT FROM ......................................................................... 150
b. Truy vn c sp xp d liu .......................................................................................... 150
c. Truy vn c iu kin WHERE ..................................................................................... 151
d. Nhm d liu GROUP BY ........................................................................................... 151
e. iu kin lc nhm HAVING....................................................................................... 152
f. Gii hn mu tin LIMIT ............................................................................................... 152
2. Truy vn con .................................................................................................................... 152
a. Truy vn con tr v gi tr ............................................................................................. 152
b. Truy vn con tr v danh sch cc gi tr ...................................................................... 152
c. Lm vic vi cc ton t so snh................................................................................... 153
d. Lm vic vi ton t truy vn con................................................................................. 153
3. Cu lnh thm d liu ....................................................................................................... 153
a. Gi tr trc tip ............................................................................................................. 153
b. Ly t ngun d liu..................................................................................................... 153
4. Cu lnh cp nht d liu ................................................................................................. 154
a. Gi tr trc tip ............................................................................................................. 154
b. Ly d liu t cc bng khc ........................................................................................ 154
5. Cu lnh xa d liu ......................................................................................................... 154
a. Cu lnh xa d liu n gin ....................................................................................... 154
b. Cu lnh xa d liu c iu kin c ly t bng khc. ............................................. 154
6. S dng mnh UNION trong truy vn .......................................................................... 154

7. Truy vn d liu t nhiu bng ......................................................................................... 155
a. INNER JOIN ................................................................................................................ 155
b. LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN ........................................................................................... 156
c. Mnh lin kt d liu nhiu bng.............................................................................. 156
8. S dng hm trong SQL ................................................................................................... 156
a. Cc hm cu trc iu khin ......................................................................................... 156
b. Cc hm chuyn i kiu d liu .................................................................................. 157
c. Hm x l chui ........................................................................................................... 157
d. Cc hm s l s .......................................................................................................... 157
e. Cc hm x l thi gian ................................................................................................ 158
9. Import v export d liu ................................................................................................... 158
a. Import d liu ............................................................................................................... 158
b. Export d liu ............................................................................................................... 158
Chng 9: PHP&MYSQL ........................................................................................................... 158
I.
Kt ni CSDL ............................................................................................................... 158
1. To kt ni ....................................................................................................................... 158
2. Chn CSDL ...................................................................................................................... 159
3. Truy vn d liu ............................................................................................................... 160
4. Thng bo li ................................................................................................................... 161
5. ng kt ni..................................................................................................................... 161
II.
Lm vic vi CSDL MySQL ........................................................................................ 162
1. m s lng mu tin ...................................................................................................... 162
2. Hin th d liu ................................................................................................................. 163
a. Duyt d liu ................................................................................................................ 163
b. Hin th d liu khng nh dng .................................................................................. 165
c. Hin th d liu c yu cu............................................................................................ 166
d. Chuyn i gi tr thi gian .......................................................................................... 167
3. Lu tr d liu mi vo CSDL ......................................................................................... 168
4. Cp nht d liu ............................................................................................................... 169
5. Xa d liu ....................................................................................................................... 170
III.
PHP kt hp vi cc CSDL SQL Server ....................................................................... 171
IV.
Xy dng cc lp x l ................................................................................................. 172
1. Mt s phng thc trong lp x l bng ......................................................................... 172
2. Xy dng lp x l nghip v .......................................................................................... 173
Mc lc ........................................................................................................................................ 176

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Tự học PHP lập trình web

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T hc PHP

VIII. FORM ............................................................................................................................... 29

1. i tng String ............................................................................................................. 79

4. t k Session .................................................................................................................. 133

Chng 1: Quy trnh thit k website

1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Ngn ng nh du siu vn bn

2. Ngn ng lp trnh Web

7. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- Giao thc truyn siu vn bn

Ngi dng s thng qua Web Browser gi yu cu ti WebServer v ngc li

2. Web server nhn

Quy trnh thit k website

Bng thng ng truyn

c. Ct on, tm lc thng tin

Ngi dng c t thi gian c cc ti liu trn mn hnh. Tuy nhin cn lu h

H thng cc trang ni tip

4. Cc thnh phn c bn ca Website

t website ca bn. Nu website ca bn c qu nhiu thng tin, bn c th lm cho trang

Hy tng tc truyn ca cc trang web ln bng cch:

Chng 2: Gii thiu v ngn ng HTML

V d 2.1: <html>, <body>, <p>,

Th ng tng ng: </tn_th>

V d 2.2: </html>, </body>, </p>,

Microsoft FrontPage, notepad, notepad++

Trang HTML c phn m rng l .htm hoc .html

s c lt kn bng nhiu nh.

Nh vy mt ti liu HTML c bn c cu trc nh sau:

3. Th xung dng <br>

Kiu 2: Danh sch c sp xp <ol>, mi mc trong danh sch c sp xp th t.

Ngoi ra cn thuc tnh START= xc nh gi tr khi u cho danh sch.

<font> ... </font>

Chn kiu ch hin th. Trong th ny c th t hai tham s size=

2. Cn l vn bn trong trang Web

YES/NO - Xc nh c hay khng thanh cun

5. Chn kiu ch cho vn bn

Cc tham s : Khng l thnh phn bt buc ca URL. Nu URL l yu cu tm kim trn

Do ng dn c xem l n v c lp nn c th s dng phng php ng dn

M rng ca chun ny l GIF89, c thm nhiu

thc ln - do vy thi gian ti xung lu, Tri li

2. a m thanh vo mt ti liu HTML

Th ny khng c th kt thc. chi lp li v hn cn ch nh loop = -1 hoc loop

VII. Cc th nh dng bng biu

xem c th phn bit r cc dng v ct.

a ch ti tp nh dng lm nn cho bng

From dng cha mi i tng khc. to form ta dng th:

2. Hp nhp vn bn 1 dng (Oneline Textbox)

name=tn_t: Cc i tng cng tn th thuc cng nhm.

value=gi tr: y l gi tr chng trnh s nhn c nu ta chn ny.

value=gi tr: y l gi tr chng trnh s nhn c nu n c chn

submit: khi ngi dng nhp vo nt submit, d liu t ng c chuyn n v tr

reset: a mi d liu v trng thi mc nh

normal: ngi lp trnh t x l

a i tng button vo form ta dng th <input>

type=button: nt thng thng (normal)

6. Combo Box (Drop-down menu)

Th to 1 phn t trong danh sch:

value=gi tr: gi tr chng trnh nhn c nu phn t c chn

selected: nu c th phn t ny mc nh c chn

multiple: cho php la chn nhiu phn t cng lc

Th to 1 phn t trong danh sch:

value=gi tr: gi tr chng trnh nhn c nu phn t c chn

selected: nu c th phn t ny mc nh c chn

8. Hp nhp vn bn nhiu dng (TextArea)

<form name="application_form" action="test.php" method="post">

<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">