29th July 2012

EXTERNAL: CAPT. SAHHOO

INTERNAL: CAPT. DAS
1.Define Stowage Factor, Load density,Broken stowage, and their units.
2.What is Grain?
3.doa, stai!ity criteria for Grain??
".What is #our, airdraft?
$.What is %ydostatic Draft?
&What is Loading Sca!e,L'F, (')', )*'.
+.Why are the corrections to e a##!ied in Drafts?
,.What is LB*?
-.Stai!ity 'rireria for 'argo shi#s?
1..c!asses of i/dg??
11.What are su c!ass of '!ass 3?
12.(F0G and 1/s?
13.define hea2y !ift??? he e3#ects ans as e!ow.
)he trans#ortation, hand!ing and insta!!ation of hea2y ite/s which are indi2isi!e,
and of weights genera!!y acce#ted to e in the range of 1 ton to o2er 1... tons and
of widths4heights of /ore than 1.. /eters that are too !arge to fit into nor/a!
containers or onto con2entiona! trans#orters. )hese o2ersi5ed ite/s are trans#orted
fro/ one #!ace to another 6so/eti/es across country orders7 then !ifted or insta!!ed
into #!ace. 'haracteristic for hea2y !ift goods is the asence of standardi5ation which
re8uires an indi2idua! trans#ort #!anning.
1".#rocedure for !oading hea2y!ift???
1$.wna !oad!ine re8uire/ent and area 60ns9ao2e 3& degrees north7??
1&.What are rine tra#s??
1+.csc #!ate??
1,.contents of csc #!ate??
%ow often ins#ections are carried out.
What is year!y ins#ection ca!!ed.
What is 01'*?
1-.gross tonnage? What is ....2 in the for/u!a?
2..net tonnage???
21.diff etween ha5ard,har/fu! and danger??
22.(F0G and 1/s?
23.'ontents of chain register?
'ontents of chain register?
: *art 1 ; <nitia! and #eriodica! !oad testing of !ifting a##!iances and their thorough annua!
e3a/ination.
: *art 2 ; <nitia! and #eriodica! !oad testing of !oose gears and their thorough annua!
e3a/ination.
: *art 3 ; 0nnea!ing of chains, hooks, rings, shack!es, etc.
: *art " ; =2erhau!ing of !ifting a##!iances, ins#ection of derricks and other accessories during
the working of the derrick.
2".<n >? nu/er how /any nos are there?
2$.What is 0ng!e of L=L?
2&.%ow wi!! the gra#h !ook in 0=L.?Draw?
2+.What is G@, units?
2,.Diff etween Stiff and tender.
2-.Which a!! shi#s are e3e/#ted fro/ L4L.
3..What is enc!osed s#ace?
31.%ow wi!! you /ake a /an entry in 1nc!osed s#ace?
32.What is e3#!osi2e/eter?
< answered /ost of the 8uestions ut he was not satisfied.0s you answer )he sur2ryer tries to
go dee# inside as you answer
and sto#s to 8uestions on that #articu!ar to#ic when you fai! to answer and then Au/#s on ne3t
fresh 8uestion.
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Internal Ca!t Sun"ara#$
E%ternalCa!t Dan&el J'(e!h.
BCou are !oading cargo a!ongside. Sudden!y a /ooring !ine has #arted and Bosun te!!s you that
there is no s#are !ine on oard. your action. 6< answered Aoin the sa/e !ine using dou!e carrick
end. %e ga2e /e a ny!on ro#e and asked /e to /ake a dou!e carrick end.7
Ca!t (un"ara# :
Bwhat is granu!ated su!#hur and under what category and c!ass does it co/e 6grain cargo, it
needs the #re#aration and
#recautions of grain cargo7
BWhat is !oad!ine. Where wi!! you find the detai!s of the !oad!ine 5ones.
BWhat is !oad!ine chart.
B%ow wi!! you #!an your !oading in su//er 5one when you wi!! e #assing winter 5one for
discharge.
1. What is <(DG code and its contents inc!uding su##!e/ents ?
2. What is (F0G nu/er and why is it gi2en a nu/er ? ..
why cant it e /entioned for a cargo direct!y?
3. What is <(DG cargo ?
". What is Grain code ?
$. What is a grain cargo ?
&. what is a che/ica! cargo and which a!! shi#s can carry it ?
+. Which a!! shi#s can carry grain cargo ? Where is it /entioned ?
,. %ow do you say tanker cannot carry grain cargo ? which ru!e or #u!ication says that ?
-. Brief!y /ention aout Load!ines in genera! and for ti/er 2esse!s a!so .
1.. What is ti/er code , what is gi2en in that in rief .
11. What is a %ea2y Lift ?
%ow do you #re#are 2esse! for !oading a hea2y !ift as a chief officer ?
12. What is a Li8uified gas cargo ?
13. %ow do you !oad crude oi! in rief .. what r the checks etc efore !oading ?
1". What are the #reBchecks do you do for !oadicator efore !oading ?
1$. State '=W
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Date: )0th July 2012
Internal: Ca!t. S. *. DAS
E%ternal: Ca!t. DANIEL CHANDRAN
1. What is co/#atii!ity ta!e?
2. What is segregation ta!e?
3. Ways of Segregation?
". '!ass of <(DG
$. 'argoes that can e !oaded without D='?
&. *ur#ose of <(SB' code?
+. 'ontents of <(SB' code?
,. %a5ard c!asses as #er <(SB' code?
-. Wat other ha5ards a#art fro/ %a5ard c!ass 0 D B?
1.. *ur#ose of <(DG code?
11. *recautions whi!e !oading DG?
12. 1/S
13. (F0G
1". Whch #art of <(DG dea!s with stowage and segregation?
1$. Latest <(= guide!ines for E=E= shi#s?
1&. 'ontents of <SG=))
1+. Shi#4shore safety check!ist for oi! tankers?
1,. 0!ar/s on <G syste/?
1-. Cou are discharging cargo onoard =i! tanker, how wi!! #!an to do gas freeing for /an entry
after discharging?
2.. What are the contents of tri/ and stai!ity ook!et?
21. %ow wi!! you ca!cu!ate stresses if your Loadicator fai!s?
22. For/u!a for (')'
23. What are the cargo docu/ents?
2". What is a gun tack!e?
2$. Where is a gun tack!e used onoard?
2&. Load density defn
2+. *recautions for !oading hea2y !ift?
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Fuestions9
0ng!e of re#ose?
Stowage Factor?
Load Density?
%ow /any !oad!ine ther e3ists?BB #assenger 24!,ti/er 24!,nor/a! 24!5...
which 24!s are e3e/#ted fro/ Load !ine5 regs?
what is Grt and ?rt?
units for grt ?rt??
unit for G5?
what is G5?
Stai!ity 'riteriaB ti/er,nor/a! 24!,container??
i/dgBc!assification??
does 1(s is ther in <(SB'??
what do u /ean y Bha5ardous,dangerous,har/fu!?
waht is %ydrostatic Draft?
what is *oint of f!otation?
waht is !oading sca!e?
what do u /ean y hea2y !ift??
what is stiff n tender 24!??
what is ang!e of !o!!Bhow wi! u corect and criterias??
for/u!a for ?rt?
For/u!a for L=!!??
%ow wi! u !oad containers?
info on 'S'?
how wi! u find out Stack weight6 container G4L7?
how wi!! u find out SWL of a ro#e6 not fro/ chain register , not fro/ any certificate7 BB how wi!
u ca!cu!ate on oard??
what is an enc!osed s#ace??
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whats d #ur#ose of i/dg and i/sc???
what is the !ength of coi! of wire?
&32" stands for??
function of heart of a wire ro#e??
diff etween #urchase and tack!e??
doa, stai!ity criteria??
c!asses of i/dg??
use of snatch !ock??
iron ore #recaution??
what is concentrates???
define hea2y !ift??? he e3#ects it an re!ati2e ter/.. 2.t for a 1..t dwt shi# is a hea2y !ift t not
for a 1...t dwt shi#.
#rocedure for !oading hea2y!ift???
cargo sweat??
wna !oad!ine re8uire/ent??
i!ge arrange/ent in reefer shi#s??
csc #!ate??
contents of csc #!ate??
unit of weight in csc #!ate??
testing inter2a! of containers??
stack weight of caontainer???
gross tonnage? unit? cuic /etre.... ut its written y di2iding gross 2o!u/e y 1...
net tonnage???
when wi! u discard a wire ro#e?
what is !oading sca!e??
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B Defn gas as #er <G' code
B SG*
B Diff ty#es of Gas carr as #er sur2i2a! ca#ai!ity
B 'argo contain/ent Sys
B )y#e ' tank thicness?
B Butadiene ha5ard?
B density of 1thy!ene?
B (0EGS setting of <(= n >S'G re8uire/ent?
B <SG=)) cha#,,-?
B Defn che/ica! as #er <B' code
B %a5ards associated with che/ica!s?
B 'argo Eecord ook co/es under which Eeg?
B <S*S code?
B *D0 /anua! ?which shi# carry othr than che/ tkr?
B Dec!i2ity of kee!
B 0re2 ?1B=S%,=%S0S
B si/#!e 8ues on drydock
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"ate : 2+.09.2012
e%t: ,a!t . ('#a(un"ara# - &nt ,a!t (un"ara#
when you ha2e to #!an a !oading in u!k carrier what a!! codes you wi!! refer
contents of a!! codes
roro shi# construction
!oading and !ashing #!an in a roro shi#
contents of cosw#
thoas stowage contents
intact stai!ity criteria of u!k carrier
e3#!ain the ter/ /radian
igc code contents
hydrostatic #articu!ars content
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e%ternal : ,a!t nathan
1. how wi! u !oad ti/er on dk and ti/er code regu!ation
2. wat is hog !ashing
3. how wi!! u do cargo ca!cu!ation in !ng carrier
". !ife stock carrier !oading wat #recaution u wi!! take as c4o
$. wat docu/ents are re8uired to carry i/dg cargo
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2.-10-2012
E%ternal: Ca!t. Ran/anathan
1. %ow wi!! u !oad stee!6iron7 s!as?
2. What is yo action when they are shifted ?
3. %ow wi!! u !oad stee! coi!s ?
". Lashing for stee! coi!s ?
$. Shi#B Shore safety check!ist #oints for tankers ?
&. %ow wi!! u go aout !oading an oi! tanker ?
+. <G re8uire/ents ?
,. 0ction once cargo has shifted on genera! cargo 24! ?
-. Stai!ity criteria for tankers ?
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2.-10-2012
E%ternal: Ca!t. Ran/anathan
1.!oading of stee! s!as
2.how wi!! you !oad stee! s!as when ha2e to do in athwartshi# and how wi!! you #!ace the
dunnage and why
3.ty#es of !ashing for stee! coi!s and stee! s!as
".how wi!! you check the !ashing during sai!ing for stee!
and what wi!! you do when the !ashing eco/es s!ack
$.what ty#e of at/os#here you wi!! /aintain when you !oad stee! fro/ china to india and why
&.ti/er 2esse! re8uire/ents
+. re8uire/ents to !oad ti/er when 2esse! not ha2ing D=0?
,.how wi!! you deter/ine the /a3. ht. for ti/er !oading on deck6factors u wi!! consider7
-.ti/er !ashing
1..why ti/er free oard is /ore and which shi# wi!! ha2e ti/er freeoard?
11.he wi!! /ake you draw the !oad!ine with a!! /arkings and wi!! ask 8uestions on that?
12.4! c!ausing,/ates recie#t,info you get on 4! and uses of 4! etc etc..
13.grain shi# stai!ity re8uire/ent
1".ha5ards of grain
1$.how wi!! you go aout !oading and stowing of grain
1&.ha5ards of su!#hur is granu!ar su!#hur different fro/ other ty#es of su!#huerand what a!!
ha5ards of that
1+.start to finish of !oading of che/ica! tanker6/y !ast shi# thats y7
&nternal Ca!t . ,a!t Sun"ara#
what is sf and /
y it is /ore i/#ortant
wat wi!! you do when !oadicator fai!s for ca!cu!ating sf and /?
onAia/ cur2e detai!s and usage
granu!ar su!#hur #recautions
what test wi!! you carry out for deter/ining /oisture content
what is )(L ,F(*
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)0.11.2012
E%ternal: Ca!t. Dan&el CHan"ran
'ontents of Stai!ity Book!et
What are hydrostatic #articu!ars?
What are contents of hydrostatic ta!es?
What is diff etween hydrostatic draft and /ean draft?
What is the use of 2arious conditions gi2en in the stai!ity ook!et?
*rocedure and #recautions for hea2y !ift?
What instructions wi!! you gi2e to your ==W efore co//ence/ent of !oading iron ore?
For which shi#s is <(DG code a##!ica!e?
'ontents of <(DG code?
'hecks and #recautions whi!e !oading DG container onBoard?
What is Bay #!an?
%ow wi!! you #re#are a !oading #!an for high density cargo?
'hecks to e carried out whi!e !oading high density cargo?
What is !oad density?
Where can you find the !oad density of each ho!d?
%ow wi!! you carry out gas freeing of a crude oi! tanker?
Internal: Ca!t Sun"ara#
*recautions for granu!ar su!#hur?
Which codes are a##!ica!e for su!#hur?
What is 1/S as #er <(DG 'ode and where can you find it?
What is SF, B(?
>#to what 2a!ues of SF, B( wi!! you !oad as #er !oadicator?
*recautions whi!e using <nert Gas Syste/?
'an 0!ternate %o!d Loading e carried out in Bu!k 'arriers?
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29.11.2012
E%ternal: Ca!t. Nathan
1. %ow wi!! u do 'argo 'a!cu!ations on )anker.
2. %a5ards and #recautions whi!e !oading concentrates.
3. *re#aration, *!anning, *recautions D '!ause to e /entioned in Bi!! of Lading for 'att!e
carrier.
". Define9 %igh!y 2unera!e 'argoes,
$. What do u understand y Segregation of <(DG 'argo.
&. What is /ean /y '!ause Bi!! =f Lading.
Internal(: Ca!t Sun"ara#
1. %ow wi!! you find out G( fro/ G@ cur2e.
2. %a5ards D *recations of Granu!ar Su!#hur.
3. Define F(* D )(L.
". SF, B(, BonAean 'ur2e9 >ses
$. 0ng!e of Ee#ose D its </#ortance
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)0.11.2012
E%ternal :Ca!t. S'#a(un"ra#
< ha2e done on!y oi! )anker so he started with tanker
Why S!o# tank is gi2en in 'rude n #roduct carrier?
*rocedure for tank c!eaning? wht /anua! u !! refer?
stowage #!an ? !oading #!an?
Wht instruction u !! gi2e it ur duty office on cargo o#erations?
0t SF n BF?
how wi!! u knw aftr !oading u r co/#!ing with a!! stai!ity re8uire/ent ?
Wht is 0*< n y it is used n where? fr/ whr u get corres#onding density n 2o!u/e?
<sgott ? contents?
ty#e of container?
ay #!an? refrigeration syste/ in Eeefer?
hw !! u /aintain different te/#? %w !! u !oad reefer cargo n #recaution n whn !! u reAect cargo?
Wht is Su!fur cargo? wht c!ass it e!ongs to? !oading #rocedure n ha55ards associated with it?
wht is G(?
wht is (? at G@
Wht is danger and har/fu! ?
Wht !oad!ine 5ones are ca/e then n wht there is a difference w tro#ica! , su//er n winter?
Boat note?
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Date : )0.11.12
E%ternal : Ca!t. S'#aSun"ara#
Internal : Ca!t . Sun"ara#
17Draw and e3#!ain Bay #!an in a container shi#
27%ow /uch high u can !oad in a container shi#
37<n ur !ast shi# how /any ays were there and how /uch high u !oaded?
"7Different !ashing arrange/ents in a container 2esse!
$7What is /eant y twist!ock
&7'S' code
+7<(SB' code??a/e the a##endi3 of the code
,7<SG=)) contents
-7Different ty#es of L*G shi#s?
1.713#!ain aout the construction of Dou!e hu!! tanker?
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Date : )0.11.12
E%ternal : Ca!t. Dan&el Chan"ran
Internal : Ca!t . Sun"ara#
17 What is !oad density? Where wi!! you otain the !oad density for your shi#?
27 What is stowage factor?
37 %ow wi!! you !oad iron ore in your shi#?
"7 'ontents of tri/ and stai!ity ook!et.
$7 Cou are !oading at 0ustra!ia, ound for discharge at <ndia. =n your way, the unkers are at
Singa#ore. %ow wi!! you #roceed aout !oading, taking into account the !oad!ines you are
e3#ected to cross? )hen, he asked /e where wi!! you get the different !oad !ine 5ones.
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Date: 29 N'0 20121
E%ternal: Ca!t. NATHAN
1. %eH!! e !ooking towards wat a!! 24!Hs uH2e done.
2. < did che/.. and #roduct so he started with che/..
3. What is 'EB and contents?
". %ow wi!! u go aout !oading on #roduct tankers 6genera!7?
$. Sto#s in etween then asks how do u do tanker ca!cu!ations?
&. %ow wi!! u go aout !oading ti/er cargo 6genera!7?
+. What is D=0, stai!ity criteria for grain?
,. (ethods to #re2ent shifting of grain 6headings7?
-. What are concentrates and ha5ards associated?
1.. '!asses of <(DG?
11. What is the info. *ro2ided to you for !oading i/dg cargo?
12. <nfo uH!! re8uire for !oading <(SB' cargoes?
13. What is note of #rotest, c!osed B4L?
1". =i! s#i!! action 6 u were !oading 7?
1$. <G re8uire/ents?
1. What are concentrates ; ha5ards?
2. Granu!ar su!#hur is concentrate?
3. %ow wi!! u find the !oad!ines info fro/?
". >r 24! !oaded in 'hennai going to china 6 winter 7 ther ; to which !oad!ine uH!! !oad?
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1.*recautions whi!e !oading su!#hur,Su!#hur !oading ne3t #ort how wi!! u #re#are ho!d.?
Su!#hur is to3ic in nature and easi!y inf!a//a!e, when it urns it gi2es off su!#hur dio3ide. <t
co/ines with sa!t water to #roduce %2S=".
%a5ards with su!#hur9 F<E1, D>S) 1I*L=S<=? , '=EE=S<=?.
0. ?o !oose /eta! oAects in the ho!d, i!ge co2ers !ashing gear etc.
B. FW hoses to e rigged on deck.
'. Su!#hur dust can cause an e3#!osion ,cargo has to e wetted.
D. Su!#hur to e !oaded wet to #re2ent e2o!ution of dust.
1. Due to the /oisture content in the cargo ho!d wi!! corrode 2ery easi!y so #rior !oading !iera!
coating of !i/e is re8uired.

2. Whi!e #icking u# a hea2y !ift, 2s! !ists hea2i!y.0ction.
Definition for hea2y !ift9
)he trans#ortation, hand!ing and insta!!ation of hea2y ite/s which are indi2isi!e, and of
weights genera!!y acce#ted to e in the range of 1 ton to o2er 1... tons and of widths4heights of
/ore than 1.. /eters that are too !arge to fit into nor/a! containers or onto con2entiona!
trans#orters. )hese o2ersi5ed ite/s are trans#orted fro/ one #!ace to another 6so/eti/es across
country orders7 then !ifted or insta!!ed into #!ace. 'haracteristic for hea2y !ift goods is the
asence of standardi5ation which re8uires an indi2idua! trans#ort #!anning.
*recaution to !oad %ea y !ift
0!! gear ins#ected #rior use, a!! wires !ocks to e checked for any defects, shea2es e3a/ined
for free rotation. 0!! gear se!ected of ade8uate SWL. 0!!owance shou!d /ade for the weight
!ifted #!us the #urchase weight. )he shi# has to ha2e an ade8uate G( as the G rises to the
derrick head when the weight is !ifted. ?egati2e G( /ust e a2oided and FS1 shud e
/ini/u/. Gesse! initia!!y u#right , /oorings taut , GHway off the Aetty arges and crafts cast off
if not in2o!2ed in the o#eration. Steadiying !ines attached to the !ift.

3.Gs! gets grounded at ow. %ow to ref!oat. B %e e3#ects the word Ground )ack!e.

".*recaution " ref!oating 2s! after drydocking.
1. Botto/ #!ugs secured in #!ace, )ank /anho!es secured in #!ace.
2. Gesse!s stai!ity condition to e sa/e as when you entered the dock.
3. Gesse! to e u#right and no !ist, s/a!! tri/ ade8uate J2e 2irtua! G(.
". 'heck if a!! sacrificia! anodes in #!ace 6oth in tanks and on hu!!7.
$. )i/e f!ooding co//enced 6to e after the ti/e of signing the K0uthority to F!oodL
certificate7
&. Sea chest gratings shou!d e fitted and o#enings checked.
+. 'heck for a!! /arkings on hu!! co/#!eted.
,. Logs and sounder #roes checked
-. 0!! DD ruish re/o2ed.
1.. Eudder transo/ s#ace checked and /anho!e o3ed u#.
11. Bitter end connection anchor housing and chain !ocker door checked.
12. Gyro to e started #rior to f!ooding dock.
13. *rior to forward end co/ing off the !ock stoo# f!ooding and checks to e carried out for
!eaks.
$.*recauitons when 2s! gets disa!ed.
&.Where u get !oad density of deck? Stai!ity ook!et
+.What is e/ergency anchoring.13#!ain.
,. *recautions whi!e carrying 'oncentrate? 60!so asked !ike this7 %a5ards and #recaution
carrying 'oncentrates? What is concentrates?
%a5ards of concentrates9 %<G% D1?S<)C, DEC S%<F)6 e!ow )(L7,W1) S%<F)6ao2e
)(L7, S*=?)0?1=>S '=(B>S)<=?.
0. 'argo work shou!d not e carried out during rain.
B. 'ertain 2esse!s !ike G' carriers /ay fit di2isions in the ho!d to #re2ent cargo shift.
'. Wet cargoes not to e !oaded in the sa/e co/#art/ent as concentrates.
D. 'argo to e reasona!y tri//ed to #re2ent the effect of o3idation y reducing the surface
area.
1. So/e cargoes are !ike!y to co/ust s#ontaneous!y so s#raying of cargo is a!!owed ut the
f!ow state is not a!!owed to de2e!o#.
F. <f the stock #i!e is e3#osed to rain, test sa/#!es to e taken #rior to !oading.
G. S#ot check on oard using the can test to check F(* , )(L and ('.
-.* D 0 /anua!.'ontents.
<nde3 of Sections
1. (ain features of (0E*=L +34+, 0nne3 <<
2. Descri#tion of the shi#Hs e8ui#/ent and arrange/ents
3. 'argo un!oading #rocedures and tank stri##ing
". *rocedures re!ating to the c!eaning of cargo tanks, the discharge of residues, a!!asting and
dea!!asting
$. <nfor/ation and *rocedures
0ddenda
0ddendu/ 09 F!ow diagra/
0ddendu/ B9 *reBwash #rocedures
0ddendu/ '9 Genti!ation #rocedures
0ddendu/ D9 0dditiona! infor/ation and o#erationa! instructions when re8uired or acce#ted
y the 0d/inistration
1..'hainregisterBcontents and section.
11.Difference etween L*G D L?G.
12. =fficia! !og ook contents.

2ue(t&'n( 3y Ca!t.S'lan4&
1.Difference w f!ag state n #ort state ins#ection.
2.?ew S)'W a//end/ents.%ow it affects u as ch./ate.
3.%ow wou!d you confir/ 2s! rought u# as ch/ate fro/ anchor stns.
".Free fa!! LB !aunching inter2a!.
$.<n sha!!ow water , why steering eco/es s!uggish. B %e wants you to re!ate to the s8uat effect
and shift of #i2ot #oint.
&.che/ica! tanker !oading....how u go aout it. 613#!ained fro/ !oading...ti!! disch7

+.5hat &( tan4(,'!e6
)anksco#e or ?onBco/usti!e Gas <ndicator
0 )anksco#eM is a de2ice used for /easure/ent of hydrocaron gas content in a sa/#!e of
gi2en at/os#here. )his instru/ent is /eant for /easuring the hydrocaron 2a#or in inerted
at/os#heres. )his instru/ent is not as sensiti2e as the e3#!osi/eter. )he reading is on!y in
#ercentage of the 2o!u/e of the hydrocaron 2a#or and hence used on!y during the gassing u#
o#erations and during inerting. )his is #ure!y /eant for /easuring the 2o!u/e of the
hydrocaron 2a#ors #resent inside any enc!osed s#ace, and hence it is not /eant for /easuring
during a /anBentry.
<t works on the sa/e #rinci#!e as that of an e3#!osi/eter e3ce#t that the gas does not urn
inside the sa/#!e cha/erN there is an a!teration in the te/#erature of the heated fi!a/ent which
enhances the change in resistance.
<t is a!ways ad2isa!e to f!ush the sa/#!e tue with fresh air after e2ery use. )he fo!!owing
checks are done to ensure the #ro#er working of the instru/ent9
: @ero check
: S#an check
: Go!tages check 6attery check7

,. De,4 (eal Pur!'(e6
)he deck water sea! is the /ain safeguard against the re2erse f!ow of gases fro/ the distriution
syste/ to the <G #!ant. Deck water sea!s co/e in three 2ariants known as wet ty#e sea!, se/iB
wet sea! and dry ty#e

-.L*G Gs L?G differencces?
L*G is synthesised y refining #etro!eu/ or OwetO natura! gas, and is usua!!y deri2ed fro/
fossi! fue! sources, eing /anufactured during the refining of crude oi!, or e3tracted fro/ oi! or
gas strea/s as they e/erge fro/ the ground.
L*G e2a#orates 8uick!y at nor/a! te/#eratures and #ressures and is su##!ied in #ressurised
stee! cy!inders. )hey are ty#ica!!y fi!!ed to etween ,.P and ,$P of their ca#acity to a!!ow for
ther/a! e3#ansion of the contained !i8uid. )he ratio etween the 2o!u/es of the 2a#ori5ed gas
and the !i8uefied gas 2aries de#ending on co/#osition, #ressure, and te/#erature, ut is
ty#ica!!y around 2$.91. )he #ressure at which L*G eco/es !i8uid, ca!!ed its 2a#our #ressure,
!ikewise 2aries de#ending on co/#osition and te/#eratureN for e3a/#!e, it is a##ro3i/ate!y
22. ki!o#asca!s 62.2 ar7 for #ure utane at 2. Q' 6&, QF7, and a##ro3i/ate!y 2.2 /ega#asca!s
622 ar7 631- #si7 for #ure #ro#ane at $$ Q' 6131 QF7. L*G is hea2ier than air, and thus wi!!
f!ow a!ong f!oors and tend to sett!e in !ow s#ots, such as ase/ents. )his can cause ignition or
suffocation ha5ards if not dea!t with
1..can we !oad grain without Do0?....e3#!ain a!! re8uire/ents
11.Cou are ?ew 'h.off Aoining shi# !oading <(DG cargo what are a!! infor/ation you wi!! take
fro/ outgoing chiefofficer?
13.coa! carriage #recautions?
1".other then gas and che/ica! what other shi# ha2e 'ert of fitness.
Li2estock carriers need a certificate of fitness to tra2e! or trans#ort catt!e issued y a 2eterinary
surgeon.

1$.what are the factors taken for oi! cargo ca!cu!ation WEF,GEF 0S)( ta!es.....
1&.Why you !oad on!y -,P in tankers
1+.<s su!#hur ,grain cargo?
?o, itHs a concentrate and #recautions ha2e to e taken for !oading of su!#hur 6answer at the
eginning of this docu/ent7

2. your 2s! !oaded iron ore to Aa#an on the way i!ge is !eaking ,what actions wi!! u take.
3. Does 2o!u/etric hee!ing de#ends on de#th of the ho!d What is 0ng!e of Ee#ose?
". What is )(L ,where a!! wi!! u get it fro/ a#art gi2en fro/ shi##er ?
$.Discharged 'e/ent c!inker and ne3t to !oad Grain..how wi!! u go at #re#aring ho!d ?
&.Cou recei2e two wire ro#es onoard for the use of standing wire and runner wire. Gisua!!y B
Cour side guys ro#e #arts. What wi!! you do if no s#are on oard ?
+.Difference etween (ates recei#t and B4L

-.%ow wi!! u go aout !oading coa! ?
1..*rocedure of Draft ca!cu!ation?
11. Loadicator tests?
12. %ow do u go at renewing a runner wire of a derrick ?
13. What is cargo sweat, shi# sweat?

1". 7hat &( hy/r'(,'!&, ,ar/'6
%ygrosco#y is the ai!ity of a sustance to attract and ho!d water /o!ecu!es fro/ the
surrounding en2iron/ent. )his is achie2ed through either asor#tion or adsor#tion with the
asoring or adsoring /ateria! eco/ing #hysica!!y Rchanged,R so/ewhat, y an increase in
2o!u/e, stickiness, or other #hysica! characteristic of the /ateria!, as water /o!ecu!es eco/e
Rsus#endedR etween the /ateria!Rs /o!ecu!es in the #rocess.
%ygrosco#ic sustances inc!ude sugar, cara/e!, honey, g!ycero!, ethano!, /ethano!, diese! fue!,
su!furic acid, /etha/#heta/ine, /any sa!ts 6inc!uding ta!e sa!t7, and a huge 2ariety of other
sustances.
@inc ch!oride and ca!ciu/ ch!oride, as we!! as #otassiu/ hydro3ide and sodiu/ hydro3ide 6and
/any different sa!ts7, are so hygrosco#ic that they readi!y disso!2e in the water they asor9
)his #ro#erty is ca!!ed de!i8uescence 6see e!ow7. ?ot on!y is Su!furic acid hygrosco#ic in high
concentrated for/ ut its so!utions are hygrosco#ic down to concentrations of 1. Go!BP or
e!ow. 0 hygrosco#ic /ateria! wi!! tend to eco/e da/# and OcakeO when e3#osed to /oist air
6such as sa!t in sa!t shakers during hu/id weather7.
Because of their affinity for at/os#heric /oisture, hygrosco#ic /ateria!s /ight necessitate their
eing stored in sea!ed containers. When added to foods or other /ateria!s for the e3#ress
#ur#ose of /aintaining /oisture content, such sustances are known as hu/ectants.
(ateria!s and co/#ounds e3hiit different hygrosco#ic #ro#erties, and this difference can !ead
to detri/enta! effects, such as stress concentration in co/#osite /ateria!s. )he a/ount a
#articu!ar /ateria! or co/#ound is affected y a/ient /oisture /ay e considered its
coefficient of hygrosco#ic e3#ansion 6'%17 6a!so referred to as '(1, coefficient of /oisture
e3#ansion7 or coefficient of hygrosco#ic contraction 6'%'7Sthe difference etween the two
ter/s eing a difference in sign con2ention and a difference in #oint of 2iew as to whether the
difference in /oisture !eads to contraction or e3#ansion.

1$. 8(l l'a"e" 5&th ('ya3ean &n 9SA /'&n/ t' Ch&na$ :ully :u#&/ate"$ #'nth: De, Jan;
5&ll y'u 0ent&late the h'l"6
<f dew #oint te/#erature outside the ho!d is !ess than inside then 2enti!ation is carried out . )he
ai/ of the 2enti!ation shud e to re#!ace the air in the ho!d with the co!der, drier air which has a
!ower dew #oint and #re2ent the for/ation of sweat.

1&. )he /a3 nu/er of tonnes of cargo !oaded in any s#ace shou!d not e3ceed ..- LBD ton?
1+. 'argo untri//ed, What is the /a3 #i!e #eak height? 1.1 D 3 stowage factor.

1,. What are the two condition in which cargo wi!! not !i8uefy?
1-. 'argoes which consist entire!y of !arge #artic!es wi!! not !i8uefyN 0nd cargo is dry.

2.. What is high density 'argo?

21. 7hat &( the !ur!'(e ': Tr&an/le #ar4e" &n the 3ul4 ,arr&er6
)he triang!e /ark is the restriction i/#osed on a u!k carrier on carriage of cargoes ha2ing a
density of 1+,.kg4/3 and ao2e and is indicated y the triang!e. )he restriction is a!so recorded
in the stai!ity ook!et Bu!k carriers of 1$./ and ao2e which are sing!e skin constructed
efore 1st Au!y 1--- and 1. years of age sha!! not carry cargoes of 1+,. kg4/3 and ao2e un!ess
they ha2e satisfactori!y undergone B a #eriodica! sur2ey of a!! cargo ho!ds to the sa/e e3tent as
re8uired for #eriodica! sur2eys in the enhanced sur2ey #rogra//e and co/#!y with
/aintenance re8uire/ents #ro2ided in the regu!ation and standards for ownerRs ins#ection and
/aintenance of u!k carrier hatch co2ers

22. 0!ternate ho!d !oadingT
so/e rief note on
a!ternate ho!d !oading...

0s #er S=L0S cha#ter 12, regu!ation 1" B 17u!k carriers of
1$./ and u#wards in !ength carrying cargoes of de nsity 1+,. kg4/3 and u#wards
and sig!e skin construction, if not a!e to withstand f!ooding of any one cargo
ho!d, sha!! not sai! with any ho!d !oaded to !ess than 1.P of the ho!dRs
/a3i/u/ a!!owa!e cargo weight when in fu!! !oad condition after reaching 1.
years of age. 27 a##!ica!e fu!! !oad condition for the regu!ation is !oad
e8ua! to or greater than -.P of shi#Rs deadweight at the re!e2ant assigned
freeoard

23. What is se!f tri//ing cargo ho!d?

2". What is )(L, F(*?
)(L9 trans#orta!e /oisture !i/it it is the /a3 /oisture content of a concentrate considered
safe for carriage y a G' 24!. <t is around -.P of the F(*
F(*9 it is the #ercentage of /oisture content at which the f!ow state de2e!o#s.
('9 (oisture content, of a sa/#!e is the #ercentage of the water contained in the tota! weight
of the cargo.

2$. 7hat &( 1-)r" ,r&ter&a6
itRs one third ... to a2oid e3cessi2e weights on to# due to asor#tion of water y the cargo whi!e
the 2esse! is shi##ing s#rays

2&. An/le ': re!'(e !ur!'(e6 <eth'" ': "eter#&n&n/ the an/le ': re!'(e6
0ng!e of re#ose is the ang!e etween the s!o#e of the cargo and the hori5onta! tank to#.
By deter/ining the ang!e of re#ose we wou!d know the a/ount or the ang!e of hee! that the
cargo wou!d start shifting. 'argoes which ha2e !ow ang!e of re#ose wi!! shift first co/#ared to
cargoes with high ang!e of re#ose.
(ethods of deter/ining the sa/e ti!ting o3 and shi#oard /ethods. Laoratory test /ethod is
suita!e for nonBcohesi2e granu!ar /ateria!s with a grain si5e not greater than 1. //.

2+. Cour shi# crane wire ro#e 6runner7 cuts fro/ /idd!e during cargo o#eration how wi!! you
change the wire ro#e? 0!so if the 2s! is in the #ort such state then who/ wi!! you infor/ first?

>se of 'hinese fingers wi!! #!ay a /aAor ro!e in carrying out this Ao.
What are the safety #recaution /ust e taken for the safety of ste2edore onoard during cargo
o#erations

2,. What is grain cargo? Do0? Do'? What is 0%(? G%(?
)he ter/ grain co2ers wheat, /ai5e 6corn7, oats, rye, ar!ey, rice, #u!ses, seeds and #rocessed
for/s thereof, whose eha2iour is si/i!ar to that of grain in its natura! state.

Do09 certifies that the shi# has een #ro2ided with infor/ation necessary for it to co/#!y with
re8uire/ents for internationa! code for safe carriage of grain in u!k.
Do'9
G%(N6Go!u/etric %ee!ing (o/ent7 they are the shift in 2o!u/e of cargo under the assu/ed
ang!e of hee!.
0%( 6 0!!owa!e %ee!ing (o/ent7 they are the /a3i/u/ #er/issi!e hee!ing /o/ent for
#articu!ar condition eyond which it wi!! e dangerous for the shi# to #roceed out to sea in that
condition of dis#!ace/ent and UG.

2-. =ra&n L'a"&n/ 3''4let6
0.'ur2es or ta!es of 2o!u/es, 2ertica! centers of 2o!u/es and assu/ed G%( for e2ery
co/#art/ent , fi!!ed or #art!y fi!!ed, inc!uding the effect of te/#orary fittings.
B.'ur2es or ta!e of /a3i/u/ #er/issi!e hee!ing /o/ents.
'. Detai!s of the scant!ings of te/#orary fittings.
D. Loading instructions in the for/ of notes su//ari5ing the re8uire/ent of the code.
1. 0 worked e3a/#!e for the guidance of /aster.
F. )y#ica! !oaded arri2a! and de#arture conditions.
G. 0!so #ro2ides with Shi# #articu!ars, !ight shi# weight and UG, ta!es of FS', ca#acities and
'=G of a!! co/#art/ents, cur2es and ta!es of ang!e of f!ooding where V".H at a!! #er/issi!e
dis#!ace/ents, hydrostatic #articu!ars, cross cur2es of stai!ity.

3.. =ra&n ,'"e ,'ntent6 8ar&'u( #eth'" ': (e,ur&n/6
1. D=0
2. 13e/#tions for certain 2oyage
3. <nfor/ation regarding sshi# stai!ity and grain !oading
". Stai!ity re8uire/ents
$. Stai!ity re8uire/ents for e3isting shi#s
&. Stowage of u!k grain
+. Saucers
,. =2erstowing arrange/ents
-. Bund!ing of u!k grain
1.. Stra##ing 4 !ashing
11. Securing with wire /esh

31. <(SB' code content? (S' 2&,6,$7.
)rans#orta!e (oisture Li/it and F!ow (oisture *oint
Ee8uire/ents for Shi#s 'arrying So!id Bu!k 'argoes

(andatory Ee8uire/ent 9 >nder the new S=L0S regu!ation G<42.2.2, it is /andatory fro/
Wanuary 2.11 onward for a!! shi#s carrying so!id u!k cargoes in genera! and dangerous so!id
u!k cargoes in #articu!ar wi!! e re8uired to co/#!y with the new <(SB' 'ode. )he section "
of the <nternationa! (ariti/e So!id Bu!k 'argoes 6<(SB'7 'ode re8uires the owners /ust ha2e
#roof of co/#!iance, i.e. that a 2a!id ODocu/ent of 'o/#!iance for the 'arriage of Dangerous
So!id Bu!k 'argoesO is a2ai!a!e on oard.
)he <(SB' 'ode and its content
)he for/at of the <(SB' 'ode is si/i!ar to that of the e3isting B' 'ode. Like the B' 'ode,
the <(SB' 'ode categori5es cargoes into three grou#s B 0, B and '9
X Grou# 0 consists of the cargoes which /ay !i8uefy if shi##ed with /oisture content in e3cess
of their trans#orta!e /oisture !i/it.
X Grou# B consists of cargoes which #ossess a che/ica! ha5ard which cou!d gi2e rise to a
dangerous situation on a shi#.
X Grou# ' consists of cargoes which are not !ia!e to !i8uefy 6Grou# 07 and do not #ossess
che/ica! ha5ards 6Grou# B7.
For Grou# 0 cargoes, i.e. cargoes that /ay !i8uefy, it is the a##ro#riate authority or co/#etent
authority in the country of !oading4origin that sets out the test #rocedure for deter/ining the
actua! /oisture content and )(L of such cargoes. (ethods for deter/ining )(L are gi2en in
0##endi3 2 of the <(SB' 'odeN na/e!y, the f!ow ta!e test, #enetration test and
*roctor4Fagererg test. )he deter/ination of )(L sha!! e conducted within & /onths efore
the date of !oading of cargo.
Sa/#!ing and testing of /oisture content of a cargo sha!! e carried out no /ore than + days
efore co//ence/ent of actua! !oading. <f there has een rain or snow etween the ti/e of
testing and !oading, further testing sha!! e conducted to ensure that the /oisture content of the
cargo is sti!! e!ow its certified )(L. For 2arious /ateria!s, there are recogni5ed internationa!
and nationa! /ethods for deter/ining their /oisture content. (e/ers shou!d refer to sections
1.1."." 6Deter/ination of (oisture content7 of 0##endi3 2 and ".& 6Sa/#!ing #rocedures for
concentrate stock#i!es7 of the <(SB' 'ode for /ore detai!s

1. BL> code content?
2. Cou ha2e concentrates and !i8uefy during 2oyage Yaction?
3. <(DG code 2o!u/es? 0!! c!asses?
". 0re a!! che/ica!s #art of <(DG4
$. Dangerous goods List content?
&. 13#9 #acking grou#, susidiary risk, 1/S ?o., (FaG )a!e?
+. Difference Between !a!e and *!aycard
,. What do you /ean y So!id Bu!k 'argo4
-. What is Dry Bu!k cargo?
1.. What is Wet u!k cargo?
11. What is Dangerous 'argo?
12. What is ?LS,?
NLS N'%&'u( L&>u&" Su3(tan,e:
?o3ious 9 har/fu! to !i2ing things and inAurious to hea!th.
6a7 'ategory 09 ?o3ious !i8uid sustances which if discharged into the sea fro/ tank c!eaning
or dea!!asting o#erations wou!d #resent a /aAor ha5ard to either /arine resources or hu/an
hea!th or cause
serious har/ to a/enities or other !egiti/ate uses of the sea and therefore Austify the a##!ication
of
stringent antiB#o!!ution /easures.
67 'ategory B9 ?o3ious !i8uid sustances which if discharged into the sea fro/ tank c!eaning
or dea!!asting o#erations wou!d #resent a ha5ard to either /arine resources or hu/an hea!th or
cause har/ to
a/enities or other !egiti/ate uses of the sea and therefore Austify the a##!ication of s#ecia! antiB
#o!!ution /easures.
6c7 'ategory '9 ?o3ious !i8uid sustances which if discharged into the sea fro/ tank c!eaning
or dea!!asting o#erations wou!d #resent a /inor ha5ard to either /arine resources or hu/an
hea!th or cause
/inor har/ to a/enities or other !egiti/ate uses of the sea and therefore re8uire s#ecia!
o#erationa!
conditions.
6d7 'ategory D9 ?o3ious !i8uid sustances which if discharged into the sea fro/ tank c!eaning
or dea!!asting o#erations wou!d #resent a recognisa!e ha5ard to either /arine resources or
hu/an hea!th or
cause /ini/a! har/ to a/enities or other !egiti/ate uses of the sea and therefore re8uire so/e
attention in o#erationa! conditions.

What infor/ation shou!d e gi2en to #ort authority efore dangerous cargo are rought into
#ort?
*recautions to e oser2ed during !oading un!oading of dangerous cargo?
Li2estock9
13. What is Li2estock?
Li2estock inc!udes catt!e, horses, shee#, #igs, /u!es, ca/e!s, goats, circus and do/esticated
ani/a!s used for co//ercia! #ur#oses does not inc!ude #ets.

1". What is 1D0 /anua!?
1$. What is Li2estock ser2ices?
Genti!ation, fresh water su##!y, feed and fodder su##!ies, !ighting, eff!uent re/o2a! syste/s
1$. Does Li2estock shi# re8d certificate of fitness?
Ces
1&. Duties of chief officer, Dro2ers?
'hief =fficer9
Dro2er9
: 0ssisting in !oading and discharging.
: Feeding and watering ani/a!s.
: (aintaining satisfactory hygiene and drainage.
: *atro!ing at different ti/es e2en during nights to ensure the ani/a!s are ca!/ and undistured.
: Eecognising sick ani/a!s and distressed ani/a!s and iso!ating and 8uarantining the/ after
re#orting to the /aster.
: Ee/o2ing and dis#osing the dead ani/a!s.
: (onitoring the 2enti!ation of the co/#art/ent.
: '!eaning, /aintainance and re#air of the cargo #ens after discharge.
1+. Li2estock stai!ity 'riteria?
: 0ng!e of hee! due to shift of !i2estock and fodder shou!d not e3ceed 12 deg.
: 0rea under the G@ cur2e60JB7 shou!d not e !ess than 1." ti/e the area under 6BJ'7
1,. Shift of Li2estock, Shift of fodder, and 1ffect of wind criteria?
1-. C'ntent ': t&#3er ,'"e?
: 'h.1 ; Genera!
: 'h.2 ; Stai!ity
: 'h.3 ; Stowage
: 'h." ; Securing
: 'h.$ ; *ersona! #rotection and safety de2ices
: 'h.& ; 0ctions to e taken during the 2oyage
: 0##.0 ; 0d2ice on stowage #ractices
: 0##.B ; Genera! guide!ines for underdeck stowage of !ogs
: 0##.' ; Eecco//edation on intact stai!ity for *assenger and cargo shi#
: 0##.D ; Eegu!aation "" of the Load!ine con2ention 1-&&

2.. What is ti/er cargo?
21. Stai!ity criteria for ti/er cargo?
22. 0out ro!!ing #eriod test?
23. 0!! stowage and !ashing /ethod for ti/er ?
2". Load !ine re8uire/ents for ti/er shi#s?
2$. AST< ta3le 6
'onsist of a co!!ection of 2o!u/eBcorrectionBfactor and re!ated ta!es used wor!dwide in
custody transfer and accounting o#erations to adAust u!k 2o!u/es of crude oi! and #roducts
/easured at te/#eratures other than ase te/#erature 6&.Q F or 1$Q '7 to the ase te/#erature.
)he ta!es, ha2e een a##ro2ed y 0S)(, the 0/erican *etro!eu/ <nstitute, and the <nstitute
of *etro!eu/ 6>nited Uingdo/7. )hey su#ersede a!! #re2ious editions of 0?S<40S)( D12$.,
<* 2.., and 0*< 2$". and ha2e een ado#ted as an internationa! standard y <S=, the
internationa! organi5ation for standardi5ation.
2&. Shi##er dec!arations?
2+. ?*S% of #u/# why it is i/#ortant in tankers4
2,. Define Uey 'ar in car carrier?
2-. Difference etween turnuck!e and ott!e screw?
3.. >#to what height container and e !oaded4
31. Difference etween Bay *!an and Bay *rofi!e?
32. <nert gas *!ant fro/ engine roo/ to deck?
33. What is oat ?ote?
3". What is /easure/ent 'argo?
3$. What do you /ean y che/ica! ha5ard?
3&. What is tare weight, ?ett Weight?
3+. 'ontents of chain register?
: *art 1 ; <nitia! and #eriodica! !oad testing of !ifting a##!iances and their thorough annua!
e3a/ination.
: *art 2 ; <nitia! and #eriodica! !oad testing of !oose gears and their thorough annua!
e3a/ination.
: *art 3 ; 0nnea!ing of chains, hooks, rings, shack!es, etc.
: *art " ; =2erhau!ing of !ifting a##!iances, ins#ection of derricks and other accessories during
the working of the derrick.

During hea2y !ift #ower fai!ure action?

*ur#ose of o#en container?

Difference etween oi! off and oi! o2er?

'ontent of <.G?

Loading !ist Gs 'argo /anifest?

Latest changes in <(DG?

What is L'L F'L in containers?

What info you get fro/ *D0 /anua!?

Where do you get infor/ation aout the density of cargo4

'an we discharge to Aetty !ine if =D('S showing /ore then 1$ ##/?

Define gas as #er gas code?

%a5ards of gas cargo?

'ertificate of fitness 2a!idity?

What is BL1G14 (0EGS?
BL1G19 Boi!ing Li8uid 13#anding Ga#our 13#!osion.
(0EGS9 (a3i/u/ 0!!owa!e Ee!ief Ga!2e Setting

)LG )W0?

What is static accu/u!ator oi!.

What is B0S1L con2ention? 6 carriage of wasteYtransoundary7

%ow wi!! you test !oadicator4

(ate recei#t Gs B4L?

Draft 'a!cu!ationYhow Cou Go aout it?6 hindshi# for/u!a7

Ee8uire/ents for DE<?

Pyr'!h'r&, O%&"at&'n6
%2S #resent in !arge 8uantities in co/#arision to =2.<ron o3ide gets con2erted to iron su!#hide,
when iron su!#hide gets e3#osed to air it tries to get ack to eing iron o3ide. )his reaction is
e3other/ic in nature wherey heat is #roduced which is ca#a!e of igniting a f!a//a!e
/i3ture.

Loadicator not working ca! SF4B(?

>se =f dunnage?
0re a!! che/ica!s are #art of <(DG?
<f cargo not !isted in <(DG wat to do? Cou are in #ort of !aoding?
0d2antage of tri//ing?
Does Do' re8uired for carrying a!! c!ass of dangerous goods?
What do you /ean y suita!e co/#art/ent?

<ntact Buoyancy Gs Eeser2e Buoyancy?
*0L con2ention? 6*assenger Gs!7
'a!iration of tanksco#e?
'ha#ter I<< S=L0S?
=D('S Gs =D(1?
IS=OTT ,'ntent6
*art 19 =*1E0)<=?
1.ha5ards of *etro!eu/, 2.Genera! #recautions,3.0rr2! in *ort,".#recautions at Berth,$.Liason
etween tanker D ter/ina! #rior cargo o#s,&.*recautions B" during cargo hand!ing and other
cargo o#s,+.hand!ing of cargo and a!!ast.,.Dou!e hu!! o#s,-.)ank c!eaning and gas
freeing,1..Fi3ed <G syste/s,11.1nc!osed s#ace entry,12.co/ination carriers,13.*ackaged
cargoes,1".1/ergency #rocedures.
*art 2 9 )1'%?<'0L <?F=E(0)<=?
*ro#erties of #etro!eu/,2.)o3icity of *etro!eu/ and assosciated #roducts,3.%ydro caron gas
e2o!ution D dis#ersa!,". Gas indication,$. 1!ectria! e8#t D insta!!ation,&. Static e!ectricity,
+.*ressure surge,,.Fire fighting,-. *yro#horic iron su!#hide,1..F!a//ii!ityD ha5ards
associated.

0**1?D<'1SN
0**1?D<I 09 Shi# shore safety check!ist
0**1?D<I <9 1nc!osed s#ace entry #er/it
0**1?D<I F9 %ot Work *er/it
0**1?D<I G9 'o!d Work *er/it.

'=W safety and #recautions.
*rior o#erating crude oi! washing onoard ut/ost di!igence in #!anning and /ost carefu!
consideration wi!! need to e /ade for a safe working area. Fo!!owing are the asic guidance
for 8uick reference .
Safety (easures For 'rude =i! Washing =#erations

For crude oi! washing, the 'hief =fficer sha!! carry out the fo!!owing safety /atters and sha!!
a!so oser2e the safety regu!ations on crude oi! washing #ro2ided y the ter/ina! 6if any7. So/e
ter/ina!s re8uire the 2esse! to co/#!ete the ter/ina! s#ecific safety Fuestionnaire 4 *er/it 4
'heck!ists #rior to granting #er/ission for a##ro2a!. <n addition, he sha!! fo!!ow the safety
#recautions as !aid in the re!e2ant section of the Latest 2ersion of <SG=)).

)he fo!!owing sha!! e not used and iso!ated #rior to carrying '=W9

Between tank c!eaning !ines and o2eroard discharge or 1ngine Eoo/

a7 )ank '!eaning %eaters 6to e !anked7

7 =2eroard Discharge Lines 6to e iso!ated7

c7 *orta!e Washing (achines 6not to e used for '=W and their hydrants !anked7

d7 'argo Sea 'hests 6to e !anked7

*ressure )est efore 0rri2a! *ort

'onduct #ressure test of '=W !ines #rior to arri2a!. 0ny !eakages, /ust e rectified and the
syste/, reBtested to e #ro2ed !eak free.
'onfir/ing 0t/os#here in )anks to e 'rude =i! Washed

*rior to co//ence/ent of '=W o#erations ensure that the o3ygen content of the cargo oi!
tanks eing washed is e!ow ,P. Eefer to 'argo =i! )ank =3ygen D %2S /onitoring Eecord
for Goyage of Dou!e %u!! =#eration and =i! )ank (onitoring Eecord.

During '=W o#erations ensure that the cargo oi! tank #ressure is /ini/u/ 2.. //08 and that
the <GS #roduces inert gas with an o3ygen content of !ess than $P.

*re2ention of 1!ectrostatic Generation

Do not use crude oi! containing water, as washing oi!.

?ote
(i3tures of crude oi! and water can #roduce e!ectrica!!y charged /ist, during washing with an
e!ectrica! #otentia! considera!y in e3cess of that #roduced y Dry crude. Eefer to the re!e2ant
section in <SG=)) for #recautions for Static 1!ectricity generation and its ha5ards.

Before using such oi! as a source of crude oi! for washing, any water which has sett!ed down
during the 2oyage /ust e de DeBotto/ed 6y discharging7 to ter/ina! y at !east one /eter in
de#th.

Where !oadBonBto# /ethod has een used for cargo in s!o# tank 6#re2ious!y containing oi!y
water /i3tures7, the who!e cargo oi! in that s!o# tank which needs to e used as a source of oi!
for crude oi! washing /ust e discharged ashore and then refi!!ed with fresh crude fro/ other
tanks.

'o//unication e8ui#/ent

1nsure on!y intrinsica!!y #orta!e radios are used on deck during '=W o#erations. Deck crew
sha!! e in #ro/#t co//unication with Duty officer D chief officer.

Su(!en"&n/ Cru"e O&l 7a(h&n/

Sus#end '=W o#erations i//ediate!y if9

a7 )he o3ygen content of <nert Gas eing su##!ied e3ceeds ,P y Go!u/e.

7 (a!function or sto##age of <G syste/ where the interna! #ressure of the cargo oi! tank can
eco/e negati2e.

c7 0ny indication of cargo oi! !eakage or /a!function in the '=W syste/.

d7 '=W o#eration is not carried out in accordance with the '=W o#eration #!an, or if
co//unication etween the ''E and /ain deck is !ost.

e7 Discharge o#erations are to e sus#ended due to !ightening in the 2icinity of the 2esse!.

f7 <f the re8uired necessary safety #recautions as descried and co2ered ao2e cannot e
fo!!owed.

g7 <f ter/ina! instruct to do so

*re2ention =f 0ir *o!!ution

Fo!!ow the *recautions 0gainst 0ir *o!!ution to /ini/i5e #etro!eu/ 2a#or e/issions

Cru"e O&l 7a(h&n/ Plan

)he 'hief =fficer sha!! #re#are a detai!ed '=W #!an in accordance with the 'rude =i! Washing
*!an in order to carry out the '=W o#eration in the /ost safe and efficient /anner.

*rior to arri2a! of the *ort, or at the ear!iest o##ortunity thereafter, the 'hief =fficer sha!!
conduct a *re transfer cargo safety /eeting with a!! #ersonne! in2o!2ed in the '=W o#eration
to ensure that a!! ha2e read and fu!!y understand the #!an.

*ersonne! 0rrange/ent For =#erations

'arry out 'rude =i! Washing y the ade8uate #ersonne! arrange/ent as #er '=W #!an under
the reference of the *ersonne! 0rrange/ent for 'rude =i! Washing

P'&nt( O: Cru"e O&l 7a(h&n/

'=W o#erations sha!! a!ways e carried out in accordance with the 'rude =i! Washing
=#erations '=W o#erations for %igh Giscosity D %igh *our #oint 6%eated7 cargoes sha!!
a!ways e carried out in accordance with the 'rude =i! Washing of %eated 'argo

Re,'r"&n/

The Ch&e: O::&,er (hall en(ure that the :'ll'5&n/ re,'r"( are 4e!t "ur&n/ CO7
'!erat&'n(:

a7 'rude oi! washing check !ist

7 =i! record ook9 0ccording to the *rocedures for 1ntry in =i! Eecord Book

c7 Deck !ogook 9 Date and ti/e, and resu!ts of a '=W !ine #ressure test and o#eration test of
re!ated e8ui#/ent.

d7 'rude =i! Washing Eecord

e7 'argo =i! )ank =3ygen D %2S /onitoring Eecord for Goyage of Dou!e %u!! =#eration and
=i! )ank (onitoring Eecord9 <t is the (easure/ent record of o3ygen !e2e! in tanks Before
entering Load #ort, 0fter !oading cargo, Before entering discharge #ort and Before crude oi!
washing.

f7<nert gas record 9 Log for " hour!y <G #ressure /onitoring of cargo tanks, in addition to
'ontinuous #ressure recording y fi3ed recorder of <GS /ain !ine #ressure after !oading, unti!
co/#!etion of discharge.

Eegu!ations For Eeference

(0E*=L +34+, 'on2ention, 0??1I <
Laws on *re2ention of (arine *o!!ution and Sea Disasters 6Wa#an7 =*0-., 'FE 6>S7

D',u#ent( ?'r Re:eren,e

<(=B'rude =i! Washing Syste/, 6Latest edition7
<(=B<nert Gas Syste/, Latest edition
<'S 4 ='<(F B <nternationa! Safety Guide for =i! )ankers and )er/ina! 6<SG=))7 6Latest
edition7

(ore stuff on '=W
Che,4 &te#( 3e:'re arr&0al

%as )er/ina!4#ort #er/ission een otained?

<s the cargo intended to e used for carrying out 'rude oi! washing 6'=W7, in reference with
<(=Rs guide!ines on 'rude =i! washing Syste/s and suita!e and #recautions e3ercised?

<s the '=W #!an and discharge #!an drawn out ao2e asis of such #ast history and
#erfor/ance, in accordance with the shi#Rs O=#eration and 18ui#/ent (anua! 4 '=W /anua!O
and other instructions?

O%as infor/ation e3change carried out we!! in ad2ance with ter/ina! regarding 2esse!Rs
discharge #!an and 4 or 'rude =i! Washing *!an carried out? 0ny #articu!ar ter/ina!
re8uire/ent of RDirty 'rudeR discharge at co/#!etion, etcO

<s o3ygen ana!y5ing e8ui#/ent 6#orta!e and fi3ed ty#e7 tested, ca!irated and working
satisfactori!y?

%a2e <.G e8ui#/ent and its a!ar/ syste/ een tested and working #ro#er!y?

%a2e the tank c!eaning heater and !ine een iso!ated y the !ine !inder fro/ the 'rude =i!
Washing Syste/?

%a2e /ain and stri##er o2eroard discharge !ines een iso!ated y !ine !inders?

O<s B!ind *!ate fitted on the sea chest? %as sea chest een tested for integrity? %as short #iece
etween sea chest !ank and 2a!2e een #ro2ed efficient!y drained?O

%a2e a!! sea!s of sea 2a!2es in #u/# roo/ een checked in #osition?

%a2e a!! ranch !inesR 2a!2es for #orta!e tank c!eaning /achine een iso!ated y !ine !inders?

%a2e a!! 2a!2es of tank c!eaning /achines and drain !ines to tank een c!osed?

%as #ressure test of tank c!eaning !ine een carried out? <s there no !eakage? Date of )esting
6 ........... 7 44 )ested #ressure 6.......kg4c/27

0re #ressure gauges 6re/ote and !oca!7 for tank c!eaning /ain !ine in good working order?

%as the stri##ing syste/, /onitoring e8ui#/ent een checked?

0re #ressure gauges of cargo, a!!ast #u/#s and eductors in good working order?

O0re !e2e! gauges and high !e2e! a!ar/ syste/s in good working order?<s the 'ontro! 6'='7
side and Loca! 6F!oat7 side testing and 2erifying for 0!ar/s 60udi!e and Gisua!7 een carried
out and 2erified?O

%a2e the shi#Rs interna! co//unication syste/s used for cargo o#eration een tested and ke#t
ready 6Battery 'harged7?

<s cargo watch schedu!e #osted with contact detai!s, duties and res#onsii!ities, inc!uding
Eecord of *erson <ncharge of =i! )ransfer?

%a2e discharging and crude oi! washing #rocedures een #!anned as #er guidance as !aid out in
the Shi#Rs 'rude =i! Washing (anua! and the crew /e/ers #ro#er!y instructed?

%a2e you confir/ed there is no !eakage fro/ tank hatches 6do/es7, 2entB!ines and <.G. !ines?

%a2e cargo tanks #ressure een adAusted in #ro#er range?

O%a2e resu!ts of checks and tests een infor/ed to ter/ina!4agent? Where ter/ina! has a
standard radio check!ist, has this een co/#!eted and trans/itted?O

'heck ite/s after arri2a!

0re a!! #reBarri2a! checking ite/s and condition in good order?

%as safety check efore start of discharging een carried out y discharging check !ist and Shi#
Shore Safety 'heck!ist 4 Shi# to Shi# )ransfer check!ist as re8uired?

%as the discharge 4 crude oi! wash o#eration detai!s een discussed with oth shi# and attending
shore staff and is agreed #!an readi!y a2ai!a!e for easy reference?

%a2e conditions for sus#ending '.=.W een discussed with ter/ina!? 0re officers riefed on
the actions to take in case of fai!ure of <.G.S?

%a2e a!! 2a!2es of '.=.W. !ine een reBconfir/ed c!osed?

Do a!! cargo tanks ha2e #ositi2e #ressure?

<s o3ygen content of each tank e!ow ,P y 2o!u/e?

%a2e <.G. de!i2ery 2a!2es of discharging tanks een o#ened?

For heated crude, is te/#erature of '= Washing su##!ying oi! suita!y s!ight!y higher than
discharge te/#erature, ut within the !i/its as #er ter/ina!Rs !i/itation?

0re the #rogra//a!e '.=.W /achines correct!y set as #er desired wash #attern? 6'onsidering
the nature of cargo and surrounding te/#erature7

'heck ite/s efore crude oi! washing o#eration

0re the caution /arks #osted in #rescried !ocations?

<s the <nert Gas Syste/ working #ro#er!y and is the content of inert gas eing de!i2ered e!ow
$P y 2o!u/e?

<s o3ygen content of the tanks to e crude oi! washed e!ow ,P y 2o!u/e and has een
confir/ed efore washing o#erations co//ences ?

Do the c!eaning tanks ha2e #ositi2e #ressure? 6/ore than 2..//087

0re <.G. syste/ and cargo tanks and o#enings tight!y c!osed for a2oiding gas !eakage to the
at/os#here?

%as the ter/ina! een notified of start of '.=.W. and the #ossii!ity of discharge rate reduction?

%as the shi#Rs crew een infor/ed of start of washing?

%as assign/ent of o#eration for each res#onsi!e #erson and #erson in charge een confir/ed?

<s co//unication syste/ etween cargo and crude oi! washing o#erations in good order?

O%as reasona!e crew een #osted to check !eakage of c!eaning !ines?%as #ersonne! een
#osted as #er '.=.W. #!an?O

%as the f!oat gauge of tanks to e c!eaned een raised? 6if a##!ica!e7

%a2e #recautions een e3ercised to gradua!!y fi!! the '.=.W !ine, taking care to a2oid !i8uid
ha//er 4 air entra#/ent?

%as the stri##ing 6educting7syste/ for the #!anned tank6s7 to e '=Wed een started #rior to
the washing co//encing?

%a2e 2a!2es of tank c!eaning !ine to the tank for c!eaning een o#ened?

<s the water !e2e! of deck water sea! tank #ro#er?

'heck ite/s during crude oi! washing o#eration

0re a!! '.=.W. !ines, f!anges, 2a!2es, e3#ansion Aoints, etc are eing /onitored c!ose!y and
confir/ed in good order on deck, as we!! as in #u/# roo/ ?

0re #u/#s in use eing checked for any #otentia! source of !eakage, during the gradua! rise in
#ressure?

0re c!eaning /achines in good working order? 6*ro#er /o2e/ent 2erified y 2isua! /o2e/ent
of indicators on dri2e units, /achine sound #attern and washing ti/e cyc!e, as #rogra//ed7

<s the tri/ during otto/ washing ade8uate as #er crude oi! washing o#eration and e8ui#/ent
/anua!?

<s the #ressure in the tank wash !ine as s#ecified in the /anua!?

<s 'rude oi! washing in #rogress in designated cargo tanks on!y?

<s o3ygen content of de!i2ered inert gas e!ow $P y 2o!u/e and is it eing recorded?

<s c!eaning tank #ressure #ro#er 6/ore than 2..//087?

<s surrounding sea surface regu!ar!y /onitored?

<s the !e2e! of co!!ecting tank nor/a! and eing /onitored?

For the heated cargoes, is the te/#erature eing contro!!ed? 6if a##!ica!e7

<s the o#eration of stri##ing syste/ during otto/ washing in good order?

'heck ite/s after co/#!etion of crude oi! washing o#eration

0re a!! interconnecting 2a!2es etween discharging !ines and tank c!eaning !ines c!osed?

%as residua! oi! in tank c!eaning !ines een we!! drained ? 6urgency to e considered for heated
cargoes, as re8uired7

0re a!! 2a!2es of tank c!eaning /achine and drain !ine to tank c!osed?

For heated crude a!! #art of crude oi! !ine #hysica!!y 2erified for co/#!ete draining y !ine
tracing on deck?

%as re/aining oi! in tanks, #u/#s and #i#e !ines een we!! stri##ed after co/#!etion of
discharging?

CR@ an" OR@6 13#!ain6 !atest7. 6 ?ow (aster shou!d sigh e2ery #aragra#h not e2ery #age 7
<G fai!ure action?
Docu/ents *rior Loading 'ontainer?
Shi# shore check!ist?
Eefer <SG=)) 0##endi3 0
(aintaining #ressure of L*G shi#?
L*G Gs L?G shi#?
L?G is !i8uefied natura! gas, whi!e L*G is !i8uefied #etro!eu/ gas.

L?G is /ost!y /ethane which is te/#orari!y coo!ed in order to !i8uefy the gas. L?G /ust e
refigerated to a cryogenic te/#erature of aout B1&2' 6B2&.F7 in order to !i8uefy the gas and
stays at or s!ight!y ao2e at/os#heric #ressure. L?G /ust e refrigerated ecause roo/
te/#erature is ao2e the critica! #oint of /ethane, /eaning no !i8uid can e condensed at this
te/#erature 6no /atter what the #ressure is7.

L*G is a /i3ture of #ro#ane and utane 6in no s#ecific #ro#ortion7 which is stored in a
#ressuri5ed container and is stored at roo/ te/#erature. Butane and #ro#ane ha2e a higher
critica! #oint, and therefore #ressuri5ation is sufficient to !i8uefy the fue!.

)he fo!!owing is a rief su//ary high!ighting the /ain differences of these fue!s. (uch /ore
co/#rehensi2e detai!s of the fue! #ro#erties and co/#ositions is a2ai!a!e fro/ other we
sources and on!ine dataases.
'o/#ressed ?atura! Gas or '?G is stored on the 2ehic!e in highB#ressure tanks B 2. to 2$ (*a
62.. to 2$. ar, or 3,... to 3,&.. #si7. ?atura! gas consists /ost!y of /ethane and is drawn
fro/ gas we!!s or in conAunction with crude oi! #roduction. 0s de!i2ered through the #i#e!ine
syste/, it a!so contains hydrocarons such as ethane and #ro#ane as we!! as other gases such as
nitrogen, he!iu/, caron dio3ide, su!#hur co/#ounds, and water 2a#our. 0 su!#hurBased
odourant is nor/a!!y added to '?G to faci!itate !eak detection. ?atura! gas is !ighter than air
and thus wi!! nor/a!!y dissi#ate in the case of a !eak, gi2ing it a significant safety ad2antage
o2er gaso!ine or L*G.
Li8uefied ?atura! Gas or L?G is natura! gas stored as a su#erBcoo!ed 6cryogenic7 !i8uid. )he
te/#erature re8uired to condense natura! gas de#ends on its #recise co/#osition, ut it is
ty#ica!!y etween B12. and B1+.Q' 6B1," and ;2+"QF7. )he ad2antage of L?G is that it offers
an energy density co/#ara!e to #etro! and diese! fue!s, e3tending range and reducing refue!!ing
fre8uency.
)he disad2antage, howe2er, is the high cost of cryogenic storage on 2ehic!es and the /aAor
infrastructure re8uire/ent of L?G dis#ensing stations, #roduction #!ants and trans#ortation
faci!ities. L?G has egun to find its #!ace in hea2yBduty a##!ications in #!aces !ike the >S,
Wa#an, the >U and so/e countries in 1uro#e. For /any de2e!o#ing nations, this is current!y not
a #ractica! o#tion.
Li8uefied *etro!eu/ Gas or L*G 6a!so ca!!ed 0utogas7 consists /ain!y of #ro#ane, #ro#y!ene,
utane, and uty!ene in 2arious /i3tures. <t is #roduced as a yB#roduct of natura! gas
#rocessing and #etro!eu/ refining. )he co/#onents of L*G are gases at nor/a! te/#eratures
and #ressures. =ne cha!!enge with L*G is that it can 2ary wide!y in co/#osition, !eading to
2aria!e engine #erfor/ance and co!d starting #erfor/ance. 0t nor/a! te/#eratures and
#ressures, L*G wi!! e2a#orate. Because of this, L*G is stored in #ressurised stee! ott!es.
>n!ike natura! gas, L*G is hea2ier than air, and thus wi!! f!ow a!ong f!oors and tend to sett!e in
!ow s#ots, such as ase/ents. Such accu/u!ations can cause e3#!osion ha5ards, and are the
reason that L*G fue!!ed 2ehic!es are #rohiited fro/ indoor #arkades in /any Aurisdictions.
%ydrogen or %2 gas is high!y f!a//a!e and wi!! urn at concentrations as !ow as "P %2 in air.
For auto/oti2e a##!ications, hydrogen is genera!!y used in two for/s9 interna! co/ustion or
fue! ce!! con2ersion. <n co/ustion, it is essentia!!y urned as con2entiona! gaseous fue!s are,
whereas a fue! ce!! uses the hydrogen to generate e!ectricity that in turn is used to #ower e!ectric
/otors on the 2ehic!e. %ydrogen gas /ust e #roduced and is therefore is an energy storage
/ediu/, not an energy source. )he energy used to #roduce it usua!!y co/es fro/ a /ore
con2entiona! source. %ydrogen ho!ds the #ro/ise of 2ery !ow 2ehic!e e/issions and f!e3i!e
energy storageN howe2er, /any e!ie2e the technica! cha!!enges re8uired to rea!i5e these
enefits /ay de!ay hydrogenHs wides#read i/#!e/entation for se2era! decades.
%ydrogen can e otained through 2arious ther/oche/ica! /ethods uti!i5ing /ethane 6natura!
gas7, coa!, !i8uified #etro!eu/ gas, or io/ass 6io/ass gasification7, fro/ e!ectro!ysis of
water, or y a #rocess ca!!ed ther/o!ysis. 1ach of these /ethods #oses its own cha!!enges.

SOLAS re>u&re#ent( :'r alar#( &n I= (y(te#6
)y#es of B4L?
Letter of *rotest GS ?ote of *rotest?
0ctions to e taken once cargo shifted? 0!so as #er Which code?

7hat &( I@C$ ,'nta&ner6
0n <nter/ediate u!k container 6<B'7 is a container used for trans#ort and storage of f!uids and
u!k /ateria!s. )he construction of the <B' container and the /ateria!s used are chosen
de#ending on the a##!ication, i.e. there are 2arious ty#es a2ai!a!e in the /arket9
*!astic co/#osite <B' 'ontainer
Stee! <B' 'ontainer
Stain!ess stee! <B' 'ontainer

Cou are the chief officer and rece2ing a road 2ehic!e, how wi!! you ensure its #acking, stowage
and securing is done correct!y?

7hat &( T8P6 TR9E 8APO9R PRESS9RE6
6)G*7 is a co//on /easure of the 2o!ati!ity of #etro!eu/ disti!!ate fue!s. <t is defined as the
e8ui!iriu/ #artia! #ressure e3erted y a 2o!ati!e organic !i8uid as a function of te/#erature as
deter/ined y the test /ethod 0S)( D 2,+-.

'he/ica! tanker washing *rocedue?
Discharge criteris =i!, che/ica! Y.a!so S#ecia! 0reas?

Rel&>u&:a,t&'n Plant6 7hat &t &(6T
)here are se2era! different ty#es of re!i8uefaction syste/.

)he /ost co//on in2o!2es co/#ressing the cargo 2a#our and condensing it in a seawaterB
coo!ed condenser. 0!ternati2e!y the condenser /ay e coo!ed y a refrigerant fro/ a secondary
refrigerating unit 6cascadeBty#e refrigeration7. 0nother ty#e of re!i8uefaction is achie2ed y
circu!ation of the refrigerant through coi!s inside the tank or through a se#arate heat e3changer
outside the tank 6indirect coo!ing7. 'argoBinco/#ati!e refrigerants shou!d not e used, nor
refrigerants which are known to ha2e a high o5one de#!eting #otentia!.

)he 2a#our of certain cargoes 6e.g. ethy!ene o3ide, #ro#y!ene o3ide7 cannot e co/#ressed.
Such cargoes can on!y e refrigerated y indirect coo!ing and cargo co/#ressors usua!!y ha2e to
e iso!ated or !anked off.

L*G is nor/a!!y re!i8uefied y direct co/#ression and condensation in one or two stages, with
condensation against water, in what is ca!!ed a direct re!i8uefaction syste/. 'o!der cargoes such
as ethy!ene, a!though sti!! re8uiring direct co/#ression, re8uire a cascade syste/ with the cargo
condensing against a secondary refrigerant, which is condensed using water as the coo!ant.

0 re!i8uefaction #!ant is not nor/a!!y fitted to L?G carriers. <nstead the oi!Boff is used as fue!
for /ain #ro#u!sion /achinery. During a!!ast #assages the tanks are ke#t co!d using cargo
de!ierate!y retained on oard9 this cargo is known as a Khee!L. Boi!Boff fro/ the hee! is a!so
used for #ro#u!sion during the a!!ast 2oyage. )he retention of a hee! re8uires consideration of
s!oshing !oads9 care has to e taken to ensure that the retained !i8uid is #ro#er!y distriuted. 0
hee! is often a!so retained on oard fu!!y refrigerated or se/iBrefrigerated L*G carriers to ena!e
the tanks to e ke#t co!d on the a!!ast 2oyage. 0s L*G oi!Boff is hea2ier than air, regu!ations
do not #er/it it to e used as #ro#u!sion fue! and it is therefore re!i8uefied and returned to the
tanks. Eeturn shou!d e y the s#ray !ine, if fitted, for est coo!ing efficiency.

)he s#ecific o#erating instructions for the syste/ fitted shou!d e oser2ed in addition to the
fo!!owing #recautions9

617 )he #ur#ose of the re!i8uefaction syste/ is to #re2ent !oss of cargo and ensure that the cargo
!i8uid is either ke#t at the !oading te/#erature or is at the te/#erature re8uired for discharge on
arri2a!. <n the !atter case it /ay e necessary either to coo! or to war/ u# the u!k !i8uid on
#assage. <f the syste/ is used on!y to kee# cargo tank #ressure Aust e!ow the re!ief 2a!2e set
#oint, the cargo wi!! war/ u# to a new te/#erature and it /ay e too hot for discharge at the
ter/ina!. <f it is necessary to coo! down the !i8uid on #assage, the !oading te/#erature and
syste/ ca#acity shou!d e assessed to ensure that the necessary o#erations can e co/#!eted
during the 2oyage.

627 <f two or /ore cargoes are carried si/u!taneous!y, they shou!d e segregated throughout a!!
cargo o#erations. *articu!ar care is re8uired with inco/#ati!e cargoes.

637 Gas detection e8ui#/ent in s#aces containing re!i8uefaction #!ant, instru/entation and
contro!s shou!d a!ways e acti2ated. >##er and !ower sa/#!e #oints 6if fitted7 shou!d e
se!ected according to the re!ati2e 2a#our density of the cargo.

6"7 Genti!ation e8ui#/ent for the re!i8uefaction #!ant s#ace shou!d e started we!! in ad2ance of
acti2ating the #!ant.

6$7 Fi!ters on the suction side of co/#ressors shou!d e checked and carefu!!y c!eaned if
necessary. <f they are !ocked the efficiency of the #!ant /ay e reduced drastica!!y.

6&7 )he !uricants used for a!! /achines shou!d e co/#ati!e with the cargo and suita!e for
the te/#eratures and #ressures e3#erienced oth in o#eration and when sto##ed. =i! !e2e!s
shou!d e checked and crankcase heaters started if necessary efore the #!ant is acti2ated.

6+7 0!! #!ant, instru/entation, contro! and shutdown e8ui#/ent shou!d e tested on a regu!ar
asis.

6,7 )he #recautions on ice or hydrate for/ation, reacti2ity and cargo conta/ination shou!d e
oser2ed.

6-7 0!! #i#e!ines and 2a!2es shou!d e dou!eBchecked to ensure that they are correct!y set
efore starting the #!ant.

61.7 )o #re2ent o2erheating, the coo!ing water su##!y to condensers shou!d e esta!ished and
the refrigerant syste/ 6where fitted7 started efore cargo co/#ressors are run.

6117 'argo co/#ressors shou!d ne2er e o#erated with discharge 2a!2es shut.

6127 SuBat/os#heric #ressures shou!d nor/a!!y e a2oided in any #art of syste/ to #re2ent the
ingress of air. F!a//a!e 2a#our 4 air /i3tures shou!d ne2er e #assed through cargo
co/#ressors.

6137 Eefrigerant or cargo 2a#our co/#ressors shou!d e started and suction 2a!2es o#ened 2ery
s!ow!y to #re2ent da/age fro/ !i8uid carryBo2er.

61"7 <f the ca#acity of cargo or refrigerant co/#ressors is contro!!ed /anua!!y, #!ant shou!d e
started on the /ini/u/ setting and the ca#acity increased gradua!!y as necessary.

61$7 =#eration of the re!i8uefaction #!ant wi!! e affected y any incondensa!e gases in the
2a#our drawn fro/ the cargo tanks. )hese incondensa!es /ay originate fro/ the cargo itse!f
6e.g. ethane, /ethane7 or /ay e inert gas re/aining fro/ #re2ious #urging. <ncondensa!es
wi!! cause anor/a!!y high condenser #ressure and wi!! reduce condensation of the cargo
2a#our. )o reBesta!ish fu!! condensation the incondensa!es ha2e to e 2ented regu!ar!y.
*ro!e/s with incondensa!es /ain!y arise during the ear!y stages of re!i8uefaction.
Ee!i8uefaction #!ant !i8uid !e2e!s shou!d e checked regu!ar!y during o#eration to #re2ent
o2erfi!!ing of recei2ers or condensers, which /ay e caused y sticking contro! 2a!2es or
e3#ansion 2a!2es. <t is desira!e to kee# co/#rehensi2e records so that any une3#ected changes
can e 8uick!y noticed and re/edia! action taken.

61&7 'are shou!d e taken to #re2ent !i8uid cargo fro/ entering co/#ressors, #articu!ar!y if
!i8uid se#aration e8ui#/ent is not fitted. <n hea2y weather this cou!d e a significant #ro!e/
which /ay re8uire shutdown of co/#ressors. >nder certain conditions !i8uid entrain/ent /ay
a!so occur during s#ray coo!ing of the tanks. Li8uid entrain/ent in the 2a#our /ay cause se2ere
/echanica! da/age to co/#ressors.

61+7 <f condensate is returned to /ore than one tank si/u!taneous!y, or if 2a#our is taken fro/
se2era! tanks and is returned to a sing!e tank, the !i8uid !e2e!s shou!d e checked regu!ar!y and
re/edia! action taken to a2oid #ossi!e o2erfi!!ing.
TL8T7A$ PEL T7A$ TL8STEL$ TL8C$ IDLH6
<n the so!2ent wor!d, che/ists /easure safety in ter/s of to3icity ratings. )hese usua!!y are
ca!!ed )LG 6O)hresho!d Li/it Ga!ueO, *1L 6O*ersona! 13#osure Li/itO7, 01L 6O0ssigned
13#osure Li/itO7 or si/i!ar ter/s. )hese ter/s are genera!!y 6ut not e3act!y7 synony/ous, and
a!! of these rating syste/s work in the sa/e /anner. *er/issi!e !e2e!s of e3#osure to to3ic
gases are defined y ti/eBweighted a2erage 6)W07, shortBter/ e3#osure !i/it 6S)1L7, and
concentration at which to3ic gasses are i//ediate!y dangerous to !ife or hea!th 6<DL%7. )he
)W0 is defined as the concentration for an ,Bhour workday of a ".Bhour workweek that near!y
a!! workers can e e3#osed to without ad2erse effects. Si/i!ar!y, the S)1L is the concentration
to which an e3#osure of !onger than 1$ /inutes is #otentia!!y dangerous and /ay #roduce
i//ediate or chronic co/#ro/ise to hea!th. 0nhydrous a//onia has a )W0 of 2$ ##/, an
S)1L of 3$ ##/, and an <DL% of $.. ##/.

1!ectorstatics in tanker?
F!a//ai!ity Diagra/?
%ow wi!! you *re#are for the !oading of reefer container?
What is *art!ow chart?
What is )her/osco#e6 Eeefer shi#7?
What is L0S% shi#?
Three ,ate/'r&e( ': RORO (h!(6
Garious ty#es of E=E= 2esse!s inc!ude ferries, cruiseferries, cargo shi#s, and arges. ?ew
auto/oi!es that are trans#orted y shi# are often /o2ed on a !arge ty#e of E=E= ca!!ed a *ure
'ar 'arrier 6*''7 or *ure 'ar )ruck 'arrier 6*')'7.
1!sewhere in the shi##ing industry cargo is nor/a!!y /easured y the /etric tonne, ut E=E=
cargo is ty#ica!!y /easured in units of R!anes in /etersR 6L<(s7. )his is ca!cu!ated y
/u!ti#!ying cargo !ength in /eters y the nu/er of decks and y its width in !anes 6!ane width
differs fro/ 2esse! to 2esse! and there are se2era! industry standards7. 0oard *''s cargo
ca#acity is often /easured in E) or E)"3 units which is ased on a 1-&& )oyota or y car
e8ui2a!ent units 6'1>7.

C'"e ': Pra,t&(e ': RORO (h&!6 C'ntent;;
Section 1. *rinci#!e sourse of danger
Section 2. *rotection =f *ersonne!
Section 3. Lifting a##!iances and securing arrg.
Se2tion ". Suitai!ity for trans#ort y sea and directed y shi##er
Section $. Stawage and securing
Section &. S#ecia!ised Gehic!e and cargo
Section +. 'argo securing /anua!

Sta!e B4L?
'an you acce#t the L.= < for in e3change for c!ean B4L?
7hat are <er,a!tan(6
*ro#ane has no co!or, taste or s/e!! in its natura! state. )o warn users of a !eak, #ro#ane is
odori5ed with ethy! /erca#tan 6'2%&S7, a!so known as ethanethio!. )he #rocess of odori5ing is
ca!!ed S)1?'%<?G the cargo.
(erca#tans are a c!ass of organic che/ica!s that contain su!fur. )hese co/#ounds ha2e a !ow
/o!ecu!ar weight and are high!y 2o!ati!e. (erca#tans ha2e a strong!y disagreea!e rotten odor,
and are !isted in the Guinness Book of Wor!d Eecords as one of the s/e!!iest sustances found
on this #!anet.
(erca#tans natura!!y occur in a 2ariety of sources, inc!uding crude #etro!eu/. Skunk s#ray
contains uty! /erca#tan 6utanethio!7. S!icing through onion or gar!ic re!eases a!!y! /erca#tan.
(ethy! /erca#tan 6/ethanethio!7 is #roduced y decaying ani/a!s and #!ants. (erca#tans are
a!so in f!atu!ence.
)he odorant used /ost often in natura! gas is tertiary uty! /erca#tan 6)B(7. For a nu/er of
technica! reasons, odor fade does not a##ear to e as #re2a!ent with natura! gas.
A,lean&n/ ': h'l" a:ter"&(,har/&n/ ,e#entA
ce/ent dust shou!d e dryBc!eaned using rushes, re/o2ing

the /aAority of cargo residues fro/ the tank to# and u!kheads

: crew or ste2edores shou!d fo!!ow u# in the cargo ho!ds when the discharge is a!/ost
co/#!eted. 'argo residues shou!d e co!!ected and fi!!ed into the gras for !anding. ZSho2e!
c!eanH/eans that the ste2edores discharge on!y what they are a!e to get into the gras without
swee#ing
: i!ge we!!s shou!d e dry and free of ce/ent dust
: cargo ho!d u!kheads, hatch co2er undersides and hatch co/ings shou!d e c!eaned y
co/#ressed air and co2ers shou!d e swe#t
: re/o2e a!! so!id residues, swee# c!ean and f!ush with seawater, using highB#ressure hoses.
0fter dryBc!eaning, the ho!ds /ust e c!eaned y highB#ressure air4water. 'he/ica!s and highB
#ressure c!eaning #u/#s can e used when necessary
: if hard residues are not re/o2ed y con2entiona! highB#ressure hoses using seawater, it /ay
e necessary to ca!! in a #rofessiona! c!eaning co/#any, which can use acids to re/o2e the
#ersistent hardened ce/ent. %ard ce/ent residues, if not re/o2ed during the highB#ressure
wash, can e re/o2ed y highB#ressure c!eaning /achines or acid c!eaners. %ydroch!oric
6/uriatic7 acids /ust e hand!ed with care and ad2ice shou!d e sought fro/ the ho!d #aint
/anufacturers. )he acids are har/fu! to the hu/an ody, and /ay eat into ho!d #aint. )he
reco//ended di!ution with freshwater is 19$. Stronger di!utions /ay e necessary, ut this /ay
resu!t in #itting the ho!d stee!. 0gain, a!ways check with /anufacturerHs reco//endations
)he che/ica! /i3 shou!d e a##!ied using on!y a stain!ess stee! !ance kit connected to a
#ressurised /i3ing tank or an airBdri2en #u/#, either /ade fro/ stain!ess stee! or
#o!y#ro#y!ene, oth with wetted #arts /ade of )ef!on. )he che/ica! /i3 /ust e re/o2ed
efore it dries, working fro/ the otto/ u#. )his is /ost easi!y done fro/ tank to# !e2e! with
(a3iBGun or 'o/iBWet. )he c!eaning o#eration is a!ways co/#!eted y f!ushing with
freshwater to re/o2e sa!t residues,working fro/ the to# down.)he 2o!u/e of che/ica!s used
/ust e /onitored and guidance sought fro/ the /anufacturers. 'he/ica! s#!ash suits,
che/ica! g!o2es, oots, he!/ets with 2isor and reathing /ask /ust e worn. (ateria! Safety
Data Sheets shou!d a!ways e consu!ted.

0fter c!eaning9

a!! areas shou!d e f!ushed with freshwater

: to a2oid !ocking the i!ge syste/, #orta!e dia#hrag/ #u/#s /ay e used to re/o2e the
washings

: the i!ges and tank to#s shou!d e c!eaned thorough!y efore washing the ho!ds. )he i!ges
shou!d e f!ushed for a /ini/u/ of 3. /inutes efore drying the tank to# to ensure that they
are not c!ogged y ce/ent. '!ogged i!ge !ines with hardened ce/ent can e a /aAor #ro!e/

: a!! 2a!2es in the drain4i!ge syste/ /ust e checked <f insects found in the ho!d has to
fu/igated with #ro#er and a##ro2ed insecticide