2.

3 THE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Urea is produced by the synthesis of liquid ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia and carbon
dioxide react to form carbamate, a portion of which dehydrates to form urea and water. Urea is
produced through a few types of technology this day. The technologies involved within the
process as gas recycle process, liquid recycle process, partial through process and once through
process to produce urea. Generally, the most common method used for the urea production is
total recycle process. The commercial technologies used this day are:
I.
II.

stripping of carbon dioxide

stripping of ammonia

III.

coal gasification

IV.

gas recycle

Table below shows technologies for each of the commercial production of benzene:
Table 1. : The Technologies Available for Production of Urea
Processes Production

Technologies

Once through process

Partial recycle process

Company

Coal gasification

Chematur Engineering
Group

Gas recycle process

CPI-Allied gas recycle

Liquid recycle process

Total recycle process

Carbon dioxide stripping

urea process

Gas & Liquid recycle process

Ammonia stripping
urea process

Stamicarbon
Perdaman Chemicals
and Fertilisers Pty Ltd
SNAMPROGETTI urea
technology