revaz abaSia

masalebi qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis

istoriidan. III.

qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis umdidresi istoriis Seswavla, saerTo-

qarTveluri leqsikuri fondis gamovlena srulfasovani ver iqneba marto-
oden saliteraturo qarTuli enis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT. am mxriv
metad faseulia dialeqturi masala, romelic mudmivi masazrdoebelia
samwerlo enisa. amasTanave, xSir SemTxvevaSi, mxolod erT-erT an ramdenime
dialeqtSia Semonaxuli iseTi leqsema, romelic bgeraTSesatyvisobis
safuZvelze saerTo-qarTvelur fuZes aRgvadgeninebs. aq warmodgenili
leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic, SesaZlebelia, qarTvelur enaTa fonemuri
Sesatyvisobis magaliTebs warmoadgendnen, ZiriTadad am principiT aris
SerCeuli1.
1. qarT. bey-v-a (imer., leCx.) `cema; yra; cvena";
megr. ba G-u-a `gabegva; ganiaveba; dayra".
dialeqtur leqsikonebSi beyva asea ganmartebuli:
`Ronivrad rtymeva, Zalze galaxva, daseyva, daZneyva, dacema" (beriZe,
1912; Ciqovani, 1941; Rlonti, 1984).
megrulSi: ba G-u-a (babGH) _ `warekva, wabobva (miwaze an sxva rameze
dayriT), ganiaveba" (Waraia, 1997), `провеять, просевать" (yifSiZe, 1914).
vfiqrobT, semantikuri gadawevebi dabrkolebas ar qmnis aq warmod-
genil fuZeTa sityvisobisaTvis.
2. qarT. mo-kunt-v-a;
mo-i-kunt-eb-a `moixreba, moiRuneba, moikakveba" (qegl);
megr. kunt-a `mokle, dabali";
da-kunt-or-eb-a `damokleba; dapataraveba".

3. qarT. rek-a, rek-v-a (gur., raW.) `bertyva (kaklisa)";

megr. rak-u-a `bertyva, dayra, dawyoba (Tivisa, Calisa...)".
dialeqturi reka|rekva-s mniSvneloba rekva-s (`zarebis rekva") seman-
tikuri gadawevis Sedegi unda iyos. amdenad, fuZe saerToa, mniSvneloba _
sxvadasxva. amosavali mniSvneloba mainc `cema, gartyma, kakuni" Cans. Sdr.:
Zveli qarTuli reka _ `cema BArTiTa; kakuni" (abulaZe, 1973), `karze
darakuneba, sareklis krva" (orbeliani, 1949). dialeqturi grekav `gcem,
gxeTqav" leqsemac am mniSvnelobas uCvenebs. Wanuri o-rak-al-u `rekva" da
svanuri li-rk-al-i `garekva", li-rk-Hn-i `darekva" (deetersi, ix.: Smidti,
1962, klimovi, 1964) leqsemebic amave etimologiuri wrisaa. megrulSi
qarTulidan Sesuli rek-u-a-c ixmareba, romelmac daaviwrova rak-u-a-s
mniSvneloba.
4. qarT. rof-v-a (imer.) `magrad da xmauriT dartyma, xeTqa"
(qavTaraZe, 1963);
ga-rof-v-a (gur.) `magrad gayinva; gatexa, gapoba"
(JRenti, 1936).
megr. ref-u-a `magrad dartyma, cema", `ударять"
(yifSiZe, 1914);
u-ref-u-an-s `Zlier urtyams, scems".
amosavali mniSvneloba unda hqondes saxels rof-i (gur.) _ `magari,
sqeli yinuli" (SaraSiZe, 1938).
qarT. o : megr. e bgeraTfardobis sxva magaliTic aris cnobili:
qarT. oc-i _ megr. eC-i, qarT. Ror-i _ megr. Rej-i. megrulSi o → e
palataluri umlautis Sedegad aris miCneuli.
5. qarT. Se-kveT-a; Se-u-kveT-a; Se-kveT-il-i;
Wan. qa-n-u-kvaT-u `Sehpirda" (sarjvelaZe, 1990);
megr. kvaT-u-a `SekveTa, dapireba, daTqma"...
`решить, постановить" (yifSiZe, 1914);
1
sxva magaliTebis Sesaxeb ix. Cveni: masalebi qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis istoriidan. I. krebuli `giorgi
rogavas", Tb., 1997 w., gv.gv.28-41.
 dRa-kvaT-il-i `SekveTili, daTqmuli, Sepirebuli dRe";
me-kvaT-il-i borji `назначенное время, срок"(yifSiZe,1914).
aq warmodgenili leqsemebisaTvis amosavalia kveT-a _ `gakveTa, gaWra"-s
mniSvnelobiT.
6. qarT. CiCxv-i (leCx.) `naTesavi, monaTesave, memkvidre"
(alaviZe, 1938);
megr. CxviCxv-i `fesvi; gantoteba";
`верхушка кукурузы; корень, основание"
(yifSiZe, 1914);
CxviCxv-al-i `datotvili";
mo-CxviCxv-e `memkvidre, STamomavali".
svan. lH-CiCxE (b.zem.) `qsovilis, mcenaris gantotvili,
gamoyrili boloebi, totebi..."
CiCxv-i leCxumuris garda arc saliteraturo qarTulSi da arc mis
sxva dialeqtSi ara Cans.
megrulSi Sesatyvisad *CqiCxv-i unda gvqonoda, asimilaciisa da v
sonantis ganviTarebis Sedegad miviReT *CiCxv- > *CqiCxv- > *CxiCxv- >
CxviCxv-. svanuri Sesatyvisoba Tavkidura Cx- kompleqsis uqonlobis gamo
problematuria.
etimologiurad CiCxv- fuZes unda ukavSirdebodes dialeqturi
leqsemebi: CinCx-al-i `totebiani nariyi xe" (kax.), `nakvercxlebiani mugu-
zali, naperwklebi, winwklebi" (gur., imer., leCx., fS., _ ix. Rlonti,
1984); CinCxv-ar-i `nafoti, xmeli fiCxis Stoebi, xmeli totebis namsxv-
revebi" (qarTl., qiziy., mox., mesx. _ ix. Rlonti, 1984).
7. qarT. Cxuer-a;
da-Cxuer-ul-i `daxvretili, xvrelebiani"
(abulaZe, 1973);
Cxver-v-a; Cxver-av-s (ax. qarT.) `daCxvlets, daWris
(xanjliT da misT.) | urqens" (qegl.);
Cxver-a, Cxver-v-a (fS.) `rqebiT rCola, rqebiT miwis
Txra" (vaJa-fSavela, 1969).
megr. Cxvar-u-a `cexva", `выбивать зерна" (yifSiZe, 1914);
Wan. do-n-Cxvar-u `gacexva" (Ciqobava, 1938);
svan. li-CxEKr-e `damarcvla, garCeva, gamoyra (simindis
marcvlebisa...)2.
Zvel qarTulSi dasturdeba agreTve Cxera leqsemac `damtvreva,
gatexva"-s mniSvnelobiT (abulaZe, 1973), romelic, SesaZlebelia, saanalizo
fuZes ukavSirdebodes.
megrul-Wanuri leqsemebi nasaxelaria _ megr. Cxver-i da Wan. Cxvar-i
`Romi (marcvali)" saxelebisagan nawarmoebi (ix. Ciqobava, 1938).
8. qarT. wur-wur-i, mo-wur-wur-eb-s;
megr. Wur-Wul-i, Wvar-Wval-i `wurwuri";
`wanwkari, wurwuri" (Waraia, 1997);
`плеск воды, брызги" (yifSiZe, 1914).
mi-Wur-Wul-H, mi-Wvar-Wval-H `mowurwurebs".
h.fenrixi wur-wur-is Sesatyvisad svanurSi wEr- fuZes (me-wEr-e `Txe-
vadi") gamohyofs (fenrixi, 1990). svanurSi, rogorc megrulSi, mosalod-
neli iyo W afrikatiani fuZe.
aq warmodgenili Sesatyvisoba reduplicirebul fuZeebs Seicavs,
etimologiurad wur-v-a-sTan dakavSirebuls.
9. qarT. xvis-n-a (<*xus-n-a) `gawmenda, gasufTaveba; dabana"
(z.-imer.);
xvis-n-i-s (ga-xvis-n-a, ga-u-xvis-n-i-a) kuTx. z.-imer.
`kargad bans; wmends, asufTavebs
bewvebisagan, bususebisagan..." (qegl.).
megr. xuS-u-a `gawmenda; gaxveta; dagva" (yifSiZe, 1914;
Waraia, 1997);
xuS-u-n-s `wmends; xvetavs; gvis".
2
ix. agreTve, Cveni: saerTo-qarTveluri leqsikidan. V. XVII respublikuri dialeqtologiuri samecniero sesia,
muSaobis gegma da moxsenebaTa Tezisebi, Telavi, 1997 wlis 24-25 oqtomberi.
 10. qarT. xox-n-a;
xox-n-i-s `mTlianad, Ziramde Zovs (balaxs),
Wams (foTols)" (qegl.);
megr. xHx-on-u-a, xix-on-u-a `xoxna; CiCqna, Txra";
`сверлить, вырывать" (yifSiZe, 1914);
xHx-on-H-n-s, xix-on-u-n-s `xoxnis; CiCqnis; Txris".
kila-xHx-on-il-i, kila-xix-on-il-i `gamoTxrili,
gamoxvretili, gamoxruli".
qarTuli saanalizo fuZe dasturdeba dialeqtebSic: xox-n-a _ `vazis
meore da mesame gaToxna, damuSaveba ToxiT" (imer., WumburiZe, 1948);
`kalos zedapirze amosuli balaxis mokveca..." (raW., qegl.).

damowmebuli literatura
1. abulaZe, 1973 _ il.abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb., 1973.
2. alaviZe, 1938 _ m.alaviZe, leCxumuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1938.
3. alaviZe, 1951 _ m.alaviZe, okribuli leqsikoni, qspi-is Sromebi, X,
1950-1951.
4. alaviZe, 1962 _ m.alaviZe, qarTuli dialeqturi leqsikidan, qspi-is
Sromebi, XXIV, 1962.
5. beriZe, 1912 _ v.beriZe, sityvis kona imerul da raWul TqmaTa, s.-pb.,
1912.
6. dialeqt., 1961 _ i.gigineiSvili, v.Tofuria, i.qavTaraZe, qarTuli
dialeqtologia, Tb., 1961.
7. vaJa-fSavela, 1969 _ vaJa-fSavelas mcire leqsikoni, Seadgina
al.WinWaraulma, Tb., 1969.
8. Tofuria, 1979 _ v.Tofuria, Sromebi, Tb., 1979.
9. klimovi, 1964 _ Г.А.Климов, Этимологический словарь картвельских языков, М.,
1964.
10. lomTaTiZe, 1962 _ q.lomTaTiZe, winaenismier spirantTa uZvelesi
istoriisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1962.
11. mari, 1910 _ Н.Я.Марр, Грамматика чанского (лазского) языка с хрестоматией и
словарем, С.-Пб., 1910.
12. menTeSaSvili, 1943 _ st.menTeSaSvili, qiziyuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1943.
13. menTeSaSvili, 1970 _ st.menTeSaSvili, qarTluris saleqsikono masala,
ike, XVII, Tb., 1970.
14. orbeliani, 1949 _ s.-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, Tb., 1949.
15. JRenti, 1936 _ s.JRenti, guruli kilo, Tb., 1936.
16. rogava, 1984 _ g.rogava, qarTvelur enaTa istoriuli fonetikis
sakiTxebi, Tb., 1984.
17. sarjvelaZe, 1990 _ z.sarjvelaZe, h.fenrixi, qarTvelur enaTa eti-
mologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1990.
18. sarjvelaZe, 1995 _ z.sarjvelaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb.,
1995.
19. uTurgaiZe, 1960 _ T.uTurgaiZe, TuSuri kilo, Tb., 1960.
20. fenrixi, 1990 _ h.fenrixi, z.sarjvelaZe, qarTvelur enaTa eti-
mologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1990.
21. qavTaraZe, 1963 _ i.qavTaraZe, masalebi imeruli leqsikonisaTvis, qess,
III, Tb., 1963.
22. qegl _ qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, tt.I-VIII, Tb., 1950-1964.
23. Rlonti, 1984 _ al.Rlonti, qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sityvis kona, Tb.,
1984.
24. yifSiZe, 1914 _ И.Кипшидзе, Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с
хрестоматией и словарем, С.-Пб., 1914.
25. SaraSiZe, 1938 _ g.SaraSiZe, guruli leqsikoni, Tb., 1938.
26. Smidti, 1962 _ K.H.Schmidt, Studien zur Reconstruktion des Lautstandes der
südkauKasichen Grundsprache, Wiesbaden, 1962.
27. Ciqobava, 1938 _ arn.Ciqobava, Wanur-megrul-qarTuli SedarebiTi
leqsikoni, Tb., 1938.
28. Ciqobava, 1942 _ arn.Ciqobava, saxelTa fuZis uZvelesi agebuleba
qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1942.
29. Waraia, 1997 _ p.Waraia, megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1997.

Revaz Abashia
From the Common - Kartvelian Vocabulary. III.

Summary
For the illustration of sound accordances of the Kartvelian languages and revealing of
common-Kartvelian stems, not only the data of Literary Georgian but also those of the dialects
of Georgian carry an enormous significance. The examples presented below have been selected
based on this principle.
1. Geor. beq-v-a (Imer., Lechkh.);
Megr. ba'-u-a.
2. Geor. Öuï-i;
Megr. Öunï-a
3. Geor. reÖ -a, reÖ -v-a- (Gur., Rach.);
Megr. raÖ -u-a.
4. Geor. rop-v-a (Imer., Gur.);
Megr. rep-u-a.
5. Geor. êe- Övet-a;
Chan. ka-n-u- Övat-ui
Megr. Övat -u-a.
6. Geor. ÄiÄxv-i;
Megr. ÄxviÄxv-i;
mo-ÄxviÄxv-e.
7. Geor. Äxuer-a (Old. Geor.);
Äxver-v-a (New Geor.);
Äxver-a, Äxver-v-a (Pshav);
Megr. Äxvar-u-a;
Chan do-n-Äxvar-u (Arn. Chikobava);
Svan li-ÄxwÀr-e.
8. Geor. Âur-Âur-i;
Megr. Åur-Åul-i//Åvar-Åval-i.
9. Geor. xvis-n-a (Upper Imer.);
Megr. xuê-u-a.
10. Geor. xox-n-a;
Megr. xÊx-on-u-a.